1
|
Brown GD, Ballou ER, Bates S, Bignell EM, Borman AM, Brand AC, Brown AJP, Coelho C, Cook PC, Farrer RA, Govender NP, Gow NAR, Hope W, Hoving JC, Dangarembizi R, Harrison TS, Johnson EM, Mukaremera L, Ramsdale M, Thornton CR, Usher J, Warris A, Wilson D. The pathobiology of human fungal infections. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:687-704. [PMID: 38918447 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Human fungal infections are a historically neglected area of disease research, yet they cause more than 1.5 million deaths every year. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of these infections has increased considerably over the past decade, through major insights into both the host and pathogen factors that contribute to the phenotype and severity of these diseases. Recent studies are revealing multiple mechanisms by which fungi modify and manipulate the host, escape immune surveillance and generate complex comorbidities. Although the emergence of fungal strains that are less susceptible to antifungal drugs or that rapidly evolve drug resistance is posing new threats, greater understanding of immune mechanisms and host susceptibility factors is beginning to offer novel immunotherapeutic options for the future. In this Review, we provide a broad and comprehensive overview of the pathobiology of human fungal infections, focusing specifically on pathogens that can cause invasive life-threatening infections, highlighting recent discoveries from the pathogen, host and clinical perspectives. We conclude by discussing key future challenges including antifungal drug resistance, the emergence of new pathogens and new developments in modern medicine that are promoting susceptibility to infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon D Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Elizabeth R Ballou
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Steven Bates
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Elaine M Bignell
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew M Borman
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alexandra C Brand
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alistair J P Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Carolina Coelho
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Peter C Cook
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Rhys A Farrer
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Nelesh P Govender
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Neil A R Gow
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - William Hope
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - J Claire Hoving
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Rachael Dangarembizi
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Thomas S Harrison
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Johnson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Liliane Mukaremera
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Mark Ramsdale
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Jane Usher
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Adilia Warris
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Duncan Wilson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Minhas AP, Das S. ABPA and AFRS: addressing prevalence, early diagnosis, allergens, and occupational concerns. J Asthma 2024; 61:767-779. [PMID: 38214461 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2024.2303766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the prevalence of ABPA and AFRS, scrutinize existing diagnostic criteria and immunoassays, pinpoint their limitations, highlight ABPA as an occupational health implication, and identify suggestive measures to improve ABPA diagnosis in the context of Occupational Health Nursing and primary healthcare. DATA SOURCES The data sources such as PubMed, Health and Safety Science Abstracts, OSH Update, Medline, and Google Scholar were searched. STUDY SELECTIONS All published studies in the English language from 1990 till Oct, 2023 using Mesh terms keywords "Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis," "Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis," "Signs and Symptoms," "Rapid Diagnostic Tests," "Diagnosis," "Occupational Health," "Occupational Health Nursing," "Prevalence," "Allergens" following "Boolean operators" search strategy were selected. RESULTS This review succinctly covered signs, symptoms, and prevalence data concerning ABPA and AFRS. It briefly discussed existing diagnostic criteria and immunoassays, highlighted factors influencing the assay's variability, and underscored the role and scope of specific allergens toward improved, simple, and early ABPA diagnosis. ABPA as a neglected occupational health concern was emphasized, and the importance of RDTs in the context of healthcare professionals and OHNs was stated. Finally, this study suggested analyzing the impact of compromised post-pandemic immune status and the use of immunosuppressive drugs on ABPA prevalence among vulnerable communities and occupations. CONCLUSION To conclude, global and Indian ABPA and AFRS prevalence data, factors influencing existing assay variability, and the scope of improvement in RDTs for ABPA diagnosis in the background of primary healthcare professionals and OHNs were addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Priya Minhas
- ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health (ICMR-NIOH), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Santasabuj Das
- ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health (ICMR-NIOH), Ahmedabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bir R, Ranjan R, Gunasekaran J, Chatterjee K, Karteeka D, Rai A, Gupta S, Karlapudi P, Joshi I, Gupta RM. Prevalence of Co-infection of Culture-Proven Bacterial Pathogens in Microbiologically Confirmed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients From a Tertiary Care Center. Cureus 2024; 16:e66482. [PMID: 39247035 PMCID: PMC11380723 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic condition that weakens the immune system, causes structural changes in the lungs, and can lead to infections by other bacterial pathogens. Very few studies have been done to understand the magnitude of co-infection with other bacterial pathogens, so this study was conducted to understand the co-infection pattern and burden. A total of 174 microbiologically confirmed pulmonary TB patients' samples, identified by cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test, were further tested for other bacterial pathogens by culture over a period of five months from May 2023 to September 2023. The isolates' identification and drug susceptibility were performed using the VITEK 2 system (bioMérieux, Marcy-l'Étoile, France). Of the 174 pulmonary samples tested, 19 samples grew a significant amount of other bacterial pathogens, making the prevalence 10.91% (19/174). Among the pulmonary samples tested, 54.59% were sputum, 38.5% were bronchoalveolar lavage, and 6.89% were endotracheal aspirate. Additionally, 70.11% of the patients tested were in the age group of 19-60 years. Of the patients who had co-infection, 94.73% (18/19) were male. The most common bacterial infection was caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was identified in 36.84% of the co-infection cases (7/19). This was followed by Acinetobacter baumannii in 31.57% (6/19), Klebsiella pneumoniae in 26.31% (5/19), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in 5.28% (1/19). Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed high drug resistance, ranging from 60% to 100% against various groups of drugs tested. None of the patient samples with co-infection showed rifampicin resistance. Among all the samples with co-infection, the majority (42.10%, or 8/19) had a high load of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex detected by CBNAAT Ultra (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, California). Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae are unusual pathogens causing infection in community patients and are known to cause illness in hospitalized patients. These organisms' resistance was also similar to the resistance shown by hospital-acquired infections. This indicates that bacterial co-infection in pulmonary TB patients will be similar to the pattern of hospital-acquired infections. The high prevalence of bacterial co-infections (10.91%) in patients with pulmonary TB poses a significant challenge as these bacterial pathogens are not susceptible to anti-tubercular drugs. Therefore, comprehensive screening for other bacterial infections in all pulmonary TB patients is crucial for effective treatment and outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raunak Bir
- Department of Microbiology, ESIC (Employees' State Insurance Corporation) Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, IND
| | - Rahul Ranjan
- Department of Microbiology, ESIC (Employees' State Insurance Corporation) Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, IND
| | - Jayanthi Gunasekaran
- Department of Microbiology, ESIC (Employees' State Insurance Corporation) Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, IND
| | - Kuhu Chatterjee
- Department of Microbiology, ESIC (Employees' State Insurance Corporation) Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, IND
| | - Dr Karteeka
- Department of Microbiology, ESIC (Employees' State Insurance Corporation) Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, IND
| | - Ankita Rai
- Department of Microbiology, ESIC (Employees' State Insurance Corporation) Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, IND
| | - Sonam Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, ESIC (Employees' State Insurance Corporation) Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, IND
| | - Priya Karlapudi
- Department of Microbiology, ESIC (Employees' State Insurance Corporation) Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, IND
| | - Ina Joshi
- Department of Microbiology, ESIC (Employees' State Insurance Corporation) Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, IND
| | - Rajiv M Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, ESIC (Employees' State Insurance Corporation) Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, IND
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jha D, Kumar U, Meena VP, Sethi P, Singh A, Nischal N, Jorwal P, Vyas S, Singh G, Xess I, Singh UB, Sinha S, Mohan A, Wig N, Kabra SK, Ray A. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis incidence in newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis cases during follow-up. Mycoses 2024; 67:e13747. [PMID: 38782741 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is known to complicate patients with post-tubercular lung disease. However, some evidence suggests that CPA might co-exist in patients with newly-diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (P.TB) at diagnosis and also develop during therapy. The objective of this study was to confirm the presence of CPA in newly diagnosed P.TB at baseline and at the end-of-TB-therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective longitudinal study included newly diagnosed P.TB patients, followed up at third month and end-of-TB-therapy with symptom assessment, anti-Aspergillus IgG antibody and imaging of chest for diagnosing CPA. RESULTS We recruited 255 patients at baseline out of which 158 (62%) completed their follow-up. Anti-Aspergillus IgG was positive in 11.1% at baseline and 27.8% at end-of-TB-therapy. Overall, proven CPA was diagnosed in 7% at baseline and 14.5% at the end-of-TB-therapy. Around 6% patients had evidence of aspergilloma in CT chest at the end-of-TB-therapy. CONCLUSIONS CPA can be present in newly diagnosed P.TB patients at diagnosis and also develop during anti-tubercular treatment. Patients with persistent symptoms or developing new symptoms during treatment for P.TB should be evaluated for CPA. Whether patients with concomitant P.TB and CPA, while receiving antitubercular therapy, need additional antifungal therapy, needs to be evaluated in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhouli Jha
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Nehru Nagar Chest and TB Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ved Prakash Meena
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prayas Sethi
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeraj Nischal
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Jorwal
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Surabhi Vyas
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Immaculata Xess
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Urvashi B Singh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Sinha
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Naveet Wig
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Kabra
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Animesh Ray
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de Oliveira VF, Viana JA, Sawamura MVY, Magri ASGK, Benard G, Costa AN, Abdala E, Mariani AW, Magri MMC. Challenges, Characteristics, and Outcomes of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A 11-Year Experience in A Middle-Income Country. Mycopathologia 2023; 188:683-691. [PMID: 36239834 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-022-00676-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a research priority in fungal diseases with a need for new studies to reduce misdiagnosis with more common diseases, discuss improvement in diagnostic methods and better characterize gaps in antifungal and surgical treatments to improve clinical outcomes. METHODS In this retrospective study, we reviewed medical records of patients diagnosed with CPA from January 2010 to June 2021 at University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. We evaluated clinical characteristics, radiological findings, serology, treatment, and outcomes. RESULTS The study included 91 participants, with 43 (47.3%) patients who underwent surgery and 69 (75.8%) received antifungal therapy. We found a predominance of middle-aged adults (median 51 years), males (n = 58, 64%) with lower BMI (median 21.3 kg/m2). The most common underlying lung disease was pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 70, 76.9%). The commonest symptoms were cough (n = 67, 74%), haemoptysis, and dyspnea (n = 63, 70%). The most common chest computerized tomography abnormalities were cavity (n = 86, 94.5%), with a predominance of mycetomas (n = 78, 91%). The serology was positive in 81% (61/75). The one-year mortality was low (3.3%). Clinical improvement and stability occurred in 89% of participants for constitucional symptoms and 86% for pulmonary symptoms. While serological improvement and stability occurred in 71%. Radiological improvement and stability occurred in 75%. CONCLUSION We observed a good outcome after 1-year follow-up, in which the majority had improvement or stability of pulmonary and constitutional symptoms, decrease in CIE titers and low mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vítor Falcão de Oliveira
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Joshua Araújo Viana
- Department of Radiology of Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Satie Gonçalves Kono Magri
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gil Benard
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology (LIM-53), Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andre Nathan Costa
- Department of Pneumology of Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Abdala
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Wasum Mariani
- Department of Thoracic Surgery of Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcello Mihailenko Chaves Magri
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mei ZX, Han JF, Yu HW, Zhang Y, Ji P, Xie Y, Hsueh PR. Detection of serum Aspergillus-specific IgM and IgG antibody levels for the diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis developed in patients with tuberculosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 42:1081-1089. [PMID: 37453946 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is common among individuals with underlying lung diseases. The clinical manifestations of CPA include systemic symptoms (e.g., weight loss, fatigue, fever), chronic productive cough, chest discomfort, and occasional haemoptysis, which are similar to the manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and are often misdiagnosed as PTB. Considering the striking similarities between CPA and PTB in clinical manifestations and imaging features, more specific microbiological and serological detections are needed for a definitive diagnosis. This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of CPA in TB as well as the diagnostic significance of Aspergillus-specific IgG and Aspergillus-specific IgM.A total of 140 patients diagnosed with TB by culture between December 2017 and February 2019 were included. Enrolled patients were categorized into two groups (CPA group and non-CPA group) according to CPA diagnostic criteria. All collected specimens were subjected to Aspergillus-specific IgG and IgM detection testing.The median concentration of Aspergillus-specific IgG in the CPA group (211.04 AU/ml) was significantly higher than that in the non-CPA group (77.88 AU/ml) (Z value - 6.397, P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of Aspergillus-specific IgG for CPA diagnosis were 81.82% and 72.97%, respectively. In the chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA) group, the IgG positivity rate (≥ 120 AU/ml) was 96.2%, which was 21.4% in the non-CCPA patients (P < 0.001).The detection of Aspergillus-specific IgG serological changes is feasible and facilitates reliable differentiation between Aspergillus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. However, Aspergillus-specific IgM has limited diagnostic value, with unsatisfactory sensitivity results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zao-Xian Mei
- Department of Tuberculosis, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun-Feng Han
- Department of Tuberculosis, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Wei Yu
- Department of Tuberculosis, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Dynamiker Sub-Center of Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Disease, Tianjin, 300467, China
- Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Precision Diagnosis Technology of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Tianjin, 300467, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Department of Tuberculosis, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Tuberculosis, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China.
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aguirre C, Acosta-España JD, Patajalo-Villata SJ, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Necrotising pneumonia caused by Curvularia hawaiiensis (syn. Bipolaris hawaiiensis) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection in a patient with ascariasis: a case report and review. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:36. [PMID: 37179313 PMCID: PMC10183113 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Curvularia hawaiiensis (formerly Bipolaris hawaiiensis) is a plant pathogen often isolated from soil and vegetative material. However, only a few cases of opportunistic invasive infections in humans have been described. CASE A 16-year-old female patient without comorbidities was admitted to the emergency department because of fever and chest pain. We described the first coinfection of Curvularia hawaiiensis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis necrotising pneumonia. DISCUSSION Multiple infections can alter immune responses. However, immunosuppression is the most critical risk factor for infection with species of the genus Curvularia. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully examine patients with tuberculosis, as they may rarely be coinfected with unusual fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Aguirre
- School of Medicine, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Vozandes Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jaime David Acosta-España
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Beutenbergstraße 13, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- Postgraduate Program in Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Sheila Jissela Patajalo-Villata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Vozandes Quito, Quito, Ecuador
- Graduate Program in Internal Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Master of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nyirenda T, Jeon Y. Is dropping trial-of-antibiotic treatment in people with suspected tuberculosis enough? Lancet Glob Health 2023; 11:e486. [PMID: 36925161 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nyirenda
- European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP), Africa Office, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; University of Stellenbosch Global Health Department, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Yein Jeon
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ortiz WJ, McKowen RL, Cervantes M. Pulmonary Mycetoma With a Concomitant Reactivation of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Infection: A Case Report and Clinical Pathological Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e35459. [PMID: 36994297 PMCID: PMC10042493 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also spread to other body parts. One of the possible symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is hemoptysis. In the case of TB, aspergillomas can develop in the cavitary lesions of TB and result in a deteriorating clinical situation. The current case report describes a 63-year-old female previously treated for TB who presented with hemoptysis, fever, and a 4 cm focal density in the right upper lobe on chest X-ray. The patient was found to have concomitant TB and aspergillosis, manifesting as a pulmonary aspergilloma. The co-occurrence of TB and aspergillosis can occur, particularly in patients with weakened immune systems. This case report highlights the importance of considering concomitant TB and pulmonary mycetoma in patients with a history of treated TB who present with pulmonary symptoms.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang H, Liu G, He L, Zhu Y, Tu H, Zhuang S. Life-threatening pulmonary coinfection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Aspergillus lentulus in a diabetic patient diagnosed by metagenome next-generation sequencing. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:88. [PMID: 36759770 PMCID: PMC9909941 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND China has a double burden of diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis. Diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis are both important risk factors for Aspergillus infection. Aspergillus lentulus is an emerging fungal pathogen in China and invasive aspergillosis due to A. lentulus is associated with high mortality. CASE PRESENTATION A 79-year-old man was admitted to our hospital, complaining of a 7-day history of fever. Five days before admission, he was diagnosed with pulmonary infection at a local hospital, but his symptoms did not relieve after antibiotic therapy. The patient was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus two months ago. About 20 days ago, he began to present chest tightness and shortness of breath after physical activity. After admission, he developed continuous fever and rapid respiratory deterioration, and finally died after his family abandoned treatment. Pulmonary coinfection with M. tuberculosis and A. lentulus was identified by metagenome next-generation sequencing (mNGS) from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians and laboratories should be alert to the emerging A. lentulus infection in China due to its drug-resistance and high mortality. In comparison with conventional methods, mNGS has a great advantage for the diagnosis of mixed pulmonary infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Pidu District People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Pidu District People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin He
- Genskey Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Genskey Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Haobo Tu
- Genskey Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yan H, Guo L, Pang Y, Liu F, Liu T, Gao M. Clinical characteristics and predictive model of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with pulmonary fungal coinfection. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:56. [PMID: 36750804 PMCID: PMC9903523 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinical settings, pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients were often found to have pulmonary fungal coinfection. This study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics of patients suffering from coinfection with TB and pulmonary fungal and construct a predictive model for evaluating the probability of pulmonary fungal coinfection in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS The present case-control study retrospectively collected information from 286 patients affected by PTB who received treatment from December 6,2016- December 6,2021 at Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University. As control subjects, patients with sex and address corresponding to those of the case subjects were included in the study in a ratio of 1:1. These 286 patients were randomly divided into the training and internal validation sets in a ratio of 3:1. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed for the training set, and a predictive model was developed using the selected predictors. Bootstrapping was performed for internal validation. RESULTS Seven variables [illness course, pulmonary cavitation, broad-spectrum antibiotics use for at least 1 week, chemotherapy or immunosuppressants, surgery, bacterial pneumonia, and hypoproteinemia] were validated and used to develop a predictive model which showed good discrimination capability for both training set [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.860, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.811-0.909] and internal validation set (AUC = 0.884, 95% CI = 0.799-0.970). The calibration curves also showed that the probabilities predicted using the predictive model had satisfactory consistency with the actual probability for both training and internal validation sets. CONCLUSIONS We developed a predictive model that can predict the probability of pulmonary fungal coinfection in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. It showed potential clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxuan Yan
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Postal No 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Guo
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Pang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Postal No 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Postal No 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianhui Liu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Postal No 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengqiu Gao
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Postal No 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mohamed A, Obanda BA, Njeri HK, Loroyokie SN, Mashedi OM, Ouko TT, Gatumwa EM, Korir RK, Yaguchi T, Bii CC. Serological evidence of chronic pulmonary Aspergillosis in tuberculosis patients in Kenya. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:798. [PMID: 36284285 PMCID: PMC9594872 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a significant risk factor for fungal infection. The cavitary lesions post PTB serves as a good reservoir for fungal colonization and subsequent infection. Furthermore, the severe immunosuppression associated with HIV and TB co-infection is another predisposition. The inadequate capacity to investigate and manage fungal infection in PTB patients increases their morbidity and mortality. The study aimed to provide serological evidence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) among PTB patients in Kenya. Towards this, we analysed 234 serum samples from patients presenting with persistent clinical features of PTB infections despite TB treatment in four referral hospitals. METHODS This was a cross sectional laboratory based study and patients were recruited following an informed consent. Serological detection of Aspergillus fumigatus IgG was done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Bordier Affinity Products SA). Sputum samples were subjected to microscopy and standard fungal culture. The isolated fungi were subjected to macro and micro morphological identifications and confirmed by sequence analysis of calmadulin, betatubilin and ITS genes. RESULTS Serological evidence of CPA or fungal sensitization was 46(19.7%) and equivocal or borderline was 14(6.0%). Mycological investigations of sputum resulted in 88(38%) positive for fungal culture. Aspergillus spp. accounted for 25(28%) of which A. fumigatus was 13(14.8%), A. niger 8(9.1%), A. terreus, A. flavus, A. candidus and A. clavatus 1 (1.1%) each. This was followed by Penicillium spp. 10 (11.4%), Scedosporium spp. 5 (5.7%) and Rhizopus spp. 3 (3.4%). Among the yeasts; Candida albicans accounted for 18(20.5%) followed by C. glabrata 5(5.7%). Cryptococcus spp. was isolated from 3(3.4%) of the samples while 13(14.8%) were other yeasts. CONCLUSION Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis is a significant co-morbidity in PTB patients in Kenya that could be misdiagnosed as relapse or treatment failures in the absence of reliable diagnostic and clinical management algorithm. It could be the cause of persistent clinical symptoms despite TB treatment often misdiagnosed as TB smear/GeneXpert MTB/RIF® negative or relapse. We recommend that all patients with persistent clinical symptoms despite TB treatment should be subjected to fungal investigations before retreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdi Mohamed
- grid.33058.3d0000 0001 0155 5938Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Microbiology Research, Mycology and Opportunistic Infections Laboratory, P.O.Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Benear A. Obanda
- grid.33058.3d0000 0001 0155 5938Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Microbiology Research, Mycology and Opportunistic Infections Laboratory, P.O.Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hannah K. Njeri
- grid.33058.3d0000 0001 0155 5938Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Microbiology Research, Mycology and Opportunistic Infections Laboratory, P.O.Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sally N. Loroyokie
- grid.33058.3d0000 0001 0155 5938Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Microbiology Research, Mycology and Opportunistic Infections Laboratory, P.O.Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Olga M. Mashedi
- grid.33058.3d0000 0001 0155 5938Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Tuberculosis Laboratory, P.O.Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tom T. Ouko
- grid.33058.3d0000 0001 0155 5938Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Microbiology Research, Mycology and Opportunistic Infections Laboratory, P.O.Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Evangeline M. Gatumwa
- grid.33058.3d0000 0001 0155 5938Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Tuberculosis Laboratory, P.O.Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Richard K. Korir
- grid.33058.3d0000 0001 0155 5938Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Microbiology Research, Mycology and Opportunistic Infections Laboratory, P.O.Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Takashi Yaguchi
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Medical Mycology Research Centre (MMRC), Division of BioResources, Chiba University, 1-8- 1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, 260-8673 Chiba, Japan
| | - Christine C. Bii
- grid.33058.3d0000 0001 0155 5938Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Microbiology Research, Mycology and Opportunistic Infections Laboratory, P.O.Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Almeida-Paes R, Almeida MDA, de Macedo PM, Caceres DH, Zancopé-Oliveira RM. Performance of Two Commercial Assays for the Detection of Serum Aspergillus Galactomannan in Non-Neutropenic Patients. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070741. [PMID: 35887496 PMCID: PMC9320752 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides the relevance of aspergillosis in neutropenic patients, this mycosis has gained significance among non-neutropenic patients in last years. The detection of Aspergillus galactomannan has been used for aspergillosis diagnosis and follow-up in neutropenic patients. This study evaluated the applicability of two commercial tests for galactomannan detection in non-neutropenic patients with different clinical forms of aspergillosis. Serum samples from patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, aspergilloma, invasive aspergillosis, and COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis were evaluated using the IMMY sōna AGM lateral flow assay and the Bio-Rad Platelia sandwich ELISA. Serum specimens from patients with tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, and from healthy individuals were used as controls. The Bio-Rad Platelia sandwich ELISA presented greater sensitivity, whereas the IMMY sōna AGM lateral flow assay presented greater specificity. The accuracies of the tests were similar, as demonstrated by a receiver operator characteristic analysis. Moreover, the best cut-off values determined by this analysis were closer to that recommended by both manufacturers for neutropenic patients. The galactomannan indexes determined by different methodologies were strongly related, and a substantial agreement was observed between results. Both tests can be used in non-neutropenic patients with the cut-off values defined by the manufacturers. Histoplasma cross-reactions may occur in areas where histoplasmosis is endemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (R.A.-P.); (M.d.A.A.)
| | - Marcos de Abreu Almeida
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (R.A.-P.); (M.d.A.A.)
| | - Priscila Marques de Macedo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Diego H. Caceres
- Immuno-Mycologics (IMMY), Norman, OK 73069, USA; or
- Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota 1653, Colombia
| | - Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (R.A.-P.); (M.d.A.A.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Effect of Big Data Analysis-Based Remote Management Combined with Yangyin Runfei Decoction on Coagulation Function, Pulmonary Function, and Quality of Life of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:1708133. [PMID: 35510056 PMCID: PMC9061019 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1708133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect of big data analysis-based remote management combined with Yangyin Runfei decoction on coagulation function, pulmonary function, and quality of life (QOL) of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. Methods A total of 90 PTB patients treated in our hospital from May 2019 to May 2020 were selected as the subjects and divided into the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG) according to their admission order, with 45 cases each. Patients in CG accepted routine management and treatments and those in EG received big data analysis-based remote management combined with Yangyin Runfei decoction, so as to compare the clinical indicators between the two groups. Results Compared with CG after treatment, EG presented an obviously higher total clinical effective rate, various pulmonary function indicators, and GQOLI-74 score (P < 0.001) and significantly lower various coagulation indicators and inflammatory factor indicators (P < 0.001). Conclusion Performing big data analysis-based remote management combined with Yangyin Runfei decoction to PTB patients can effectively improve their QOL and pulmonary function and present a higher application value compared to routine management and treatments. Further research will be conducive to establishing a better solution for patients. This trial is registered with Clinical Study Registration Number: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ChiCTR2200057257.
Collapse
|
15
|
Gnat S, Łagowski D, Nowakiewicz A, Dyląg M. A global view on fungal infections in humans and animals: opportunistic infections and microsporidioses. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2095-2113. [PMID: 33556223 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
After cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases are the second most common cause of death worldwide. Although these infections are caused mainly by viruses or bacteria, a systematically growing prevalence of human and animal opportunistic fungal infections is noticeable worldwide. More attention is being paid to this problem, especially due to the growing frequency of recalcitrant and recurrent mycoses. The latter are classically divided into superficial, which are the most common type, subcutaneous, and systemic. This work discusses opportunistic fungal pathogens without proven horizontal transmission between different animal species including humans and microsporidia as spore-forming unicellular parasites related to fungi; however, with a yet undetermined taxonomic position. The review also mentions aetiological agents, risk factors, epidemiology, geographical distribution, and finally symptoms characteristic for individual disease entities. This paper provides insight into fungal infections from a global perspective and simultaneously draws attention to emerging pathogens, whose prevalence is continuously increasing. Finally, this work also takes into consideration the correct nomenclature of fungal disease entities and the importance of secondary metabolites in the pathogenesis of fungal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Gnat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - D Łagowski
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - A Nowakiewicz
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - M Dyląg
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Seroprevalence of Aspergillus-Specific IgG Antibody among Mozambican Tuberculosis Patients. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080595. [PMID: 34436134 PMCID: PMC8396907 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a life-threatening sequel in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Aspergillus-specific IgG antibody is a useful diagnostic biomarker supporting CPA diagnosis, especially in countries with limited health recourses. Methods: We conducted a prospective pilot study to assess the seroprevalence of Aspergillus-specific IgG antibodies among 61 Mozambican tuberculosis patients before, during, and after the end of TB treatment. Aspergillus-specific IgG antibody levels were measured using the ImmunoCAP®. Results: In this study, 3 out of 21 HIV-negative PTB patients had a positive Aspergillus-specific IgG antibody level before, during, and after the end of TB treatment. Antibody levels were 41.1, 45.5, and 174 mg/L at end of treatment (EOT), respectively. Additionally, two HIV-negative PTB patients with negative Aspergillus-specific IgG antibody levels at baseline became seropositive at EOT (41.9 and 158 mg/L, respectively). Interestingly, none of the HIV-positive PTB patients (40/61) had a positive Aspergillus-specific IgG antibody level at any time, neither at baseline nor at EOT. Probable CPA was diagnosed in one HIV-negative patient (5%; 1/20). Conclusion: Seroprevalence of Aspergillus-specific IgG antibody may differ between HIV-negative and HIV-positive Mozambican PTB patients. Future studies evaluating post-tuberculosis lung disease should integrate CPA as a life-threatening sequel to PTB.
Collapse
|
17
|
Understanding the fundamental role of virulence determinants to combat Aspergillus fumigatus infections: exploring beyond cell wall. Mycol Prog 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-021-01677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
18
|
Wang JL, Zhou XL, Han C, Wang MS, Hu H. Prevalence of invasive aspergillosis in suspected pulmonary tuberculosis at a referral tuberculosis hospital in Shandong, China. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 148:1-15. [PMID: 33148350 PMCID: PMC7770379 DOI: 10.1017/s095026882000268x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the progression of invasive aspergillosis (IA) shares some risk factors in the development of active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), however, the prevalence of IA in suspected PTB remains unclear. During a period of 1 year (from January 2016 to December 2016), consecutive patients with suspected PTB were included in a referral TB hospital. Data, including demographic information and underlying diseases, were collected from medical records. PTB were all confirmed by mycobacterial culture (Lowenstein–Jensen medium). IA were diagnosed as proven or probable according to the criteria of the 2008 EORTC/MSG definitions. A descriptive analysis was performed to estimate the corresponding prevalence. During the study year, 1507 patients have a positive mycobacterial culture, with a mean age of 45.6 (s.d. 19.9) years old and a female:male ratio of 1:4. Among the 82 patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases, two patients (2.44%, 95% CI 0.67–8.46%) were diagnosed as IA (one proven and one probable); two probable IA patients (0.15%, 95% CI 0.04–0.55%) were diagnosed in PTB patients (n = 1315), and all were retreatment cases. In addition, all four IA patients (100%) exhibited cavities in both lobes on radiograph. In China, the prevalence of IA is low in active PTB patients. However, when high-risk factors for IA are encountered in PTB patients, further investigations are required and empirically treatment for IA might be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Wang
- Department of Lab Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Zhou
- Department of Lab Medicine, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mao-Shui Wang
- Department of Lab Medicine, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Simões MF, Ottoni CA, Antunes A. Mycogenic Metal Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Mycobacterioses. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E569. [PMID: 32887358 PMCID: PMC7559022 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial infections are a resurgent and increasingly relevant problem. Within these, tuberculosis (TB) is particularly worrying as it is one of the top ten causes of death in the world and is the infectious disease that causes the highest number of deaths. A further concern is the on-going emergence of antimicrobial resistance, which seriously limits treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened current circumstances and future infections will be more incident. It is urgent to plan, draw solutions, and act to mitigate these issues, namely by exploring new approaches. The aims of this review are to showcase the extensive research and application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and other metal nanoparticles (MNPs) as antimicrobial agents. We highlight the advantages of mycogenic synthesis, and report on their underexplored potential as agents in the fight against all mycobacterioses (non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections as well as TB). We propose further exploration of this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Filipa Simões
- State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau SAR, China;
| | | | - André Antunes
- State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau SAR, China;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bongomin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Muhammad Sani F, Abdullahi IN, Sunday Animasaun O, Elisha Ghamba P, Umar Anka A, Oluwafemi Salami M, Dangana A, Ohinoyi Amadu D, Iherue Osuji A. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pulmonary Fungal Pathogens among Symptomatic Patients with or without Tuberculosis at Gombe, Nigeria. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/jommid.8.3.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
|