1
|
Chen C, Li Y, Wu Z, Ruan Y, Long T, Wang X, Li W, Ren H, Liao X, Liu Y, Lian X, Sun J. Cat and dog feces as reservoirs of diverse novel antibiotic resistance genes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 261:119690. [PMID: 39068967 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Companion animals have the potential to greatly enhance the physical and mental health of humans, thus leading to an increased focus on the interactions between humans and pets. Currently, the inappropriate and excessive utilization of antimicrobial agents has become prevalent in veterinary clinical practice for pets. This antibiotic contamination phenomenon has a profound impact on the enrichment of antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in pets. However, the pet-associated resistome, especially the novel ARGs in pets, represents a relatively neglected area. In this study, we successfully constructed a total of 12 libraries using the functional metagenomics approach to assess the diversity of ARGs in pet cats and dogs from four pet hospitals. Through the integration of functional screening and high-throughput sequencing, a total of 122 antibiotic resistance determinants were identified, of which 15 were classified as putative novel ARGs originating from five classes. Functional assessment demonstrated that 6 novel ARGs including one β-lactam, two macrolides, two aminoglycosides, and one rifamycin (RIF), namely blaPF, ermPF, msrPF, aac(6')PF, aph(3')PF, and arrPF, exhibited functionally activity in conferring bacterial phenotypic resistance by increasing the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) with a 4- to 128-fold. Genetic context analysis demonstrated that, with the exception of aac(6')PF and arrPF, the remaining four novel ARGs were found adjacent to mobile genetic elements (MGEs) including IS elements or transposases, which provided a prerequisite for horizontal transfer of these novel ARGs, thereby offering an explanation for their detection in diverse samples collected from various sampling sites. The current study has unveiled the significant role of cat and dog feces as one source of reservoirs of diverse novel ARGs, while also highlighting the potential adverse consequences of their further spread to medically significant pathogens and human commensal organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yali Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tengfei Long
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiran Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaoping Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yahong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xinlei Lian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Genath A, Hackmann C, Denkel L, Weber A, Maechler F, Kola A, Schwarz S, Gastmeier P, Leistner R. The genetic relationship between human and pet isolates: a core genome multilocus sequence analysis of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2024; 13:107. [PMID: 39304920 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-024-01457-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The global increase of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is one of the most urgent public health threats affecting both humans and animals. The One Health concept emphasizes the interconnectedness of human, animal and environmental health and highlights the need for integrated approaches to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Although the sharing of environments and antimicrobial agents between companion animals and humans poses a risk for MDRO transmission, companion animals have been studied to a lesser extent than livestock animals. This study therefore used core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) to investigate the genetic relationships and putative transmission of MDROs between humans and pets. METHODS This descriptive integrated typing study included 252 human isolates, 53 dog isolates and 10 cat isolates collected from 2019 to 2022 at the Charité University Hospital in Berlin, Germany. CgMLST was performed to characterize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci and multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. The genetic diversity of the MDROs of the different host populations was determined and compared based on sequence type and core genome complex type. RESULTS Within this study the majority of samples from pets and humans was genetically distinct. However, for some isolates, the number of allelic differences identified by cgMLST was low. Two cases of putative household transmission or shared source of VR E. faecium and MDR E. coli between humans and pets were documented. CONCLUSIONS The interaction between humans and their pets appears to play a minor role in the spread of the MDROs studied. However, further research is needed. This study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive molecular surveillance and a multidisciplinary One Health approach to understand and contain the spread of MDROs in human and animal populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered with the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00030009).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Genath
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin School of Public Health, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Carolin Hackmann
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Unit 36, Respiratory Infection, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa Denkel
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Weber
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Maechler
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Kola
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Gastmeier
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rasmus Leistner
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Medical Department, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lomiya MAE, Raguvaran R, Mondal D, Dosar S, Nair SS, Jitha KR, Chandni AR, Thakur NS, Yadav N, Jambagi K. Mitigating antimicrobial resistance, an approach to stewardship in canine urinary tract infection. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:2145-2155. [PMID: 38647986 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by antimicrobial resistant bacteria is common in dogs leading to serious health impact in pet animal as well as on human health. Understanding the prevalent uropathogens and their drug susceptibility is essential for limiting the antimicrobial resistance through implementation of stewardship policies. In view of this, present study was envisaged to determine the prevalent bacterial uropathogens and their antibiogram from clinical cases of canine UTI. Urine samples were collected from 35 dogs presented with clinical signs of UTI and a total of 27 bacterial isolates were recovered. Among that Escherichia coli was the most predominant isolate followed by Klebsiella aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus sp. and Citrobacter freundii. All isolates were found resistant to one or more 1st line antibiotics recommended by consensus guidelines and 70% of total isolates showed multidrug resistance. Additionally, this study evaluated the weightage of empirical therapy as per the consensus guidelines over antimicrobial susceptibility test guided treatment. Dogs with uncomplicated UTI were selected and categorized into three different groups (n = 6). Group 1 was treated with common empirical choice amoxycillin-clavulanic acid and dogs showed susceptible to ciprofloxacin were kept in Group 2 and treated with ciprofloxacin along with urinary alkalizer disodium hydrogen citrate. Nitrofurantoin susceptible cases were kept in Group 3 and treated with a combination of nitrofurantoin and urinary acidifier ammonium chloride. Therapeutic outcome was evaluated and success rate was higher in Group 2 and 3 than Group 1 suggested that selection of antibiotics with the use of local or institutional antibiogram data is more considerate than acknowledged international guidelines in the existing situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Ensha Lomiya
- Division of Medicine, Indian council of Agricultural Research- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Raguvaran
- Division of Medicine, Indian council of Agricultural Research- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Debabrata Mondal
- Division of Medicine, Indian council of Agricultural Research- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivangi Dosar
- Division of Medicine, Indian council of Agricultural Research- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonu S Nair
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian council of Agricultural Research- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K R Jitha
- Division of Public Health, Indian council of Agricultural Research- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A R Chandni
- Division of Public Health, Indian council of Agricultural Research- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Navjot Singh Thakur
- Division of Medicine, Indian council of Agricultural Research- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Narayani Yadav
- Division of Medicine, Indian council of Agricultural Research- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kaveri Jambagi
- Division of Medicine, Indian council of Agricultural Research- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yudhanto S, Reinhart JM, de Souza CP, Gochenauer A, Sander WE, Hung CC, Maddox CW, Varga C. Assessing Illinois companion animal veterinarians' antimicrobial prescription practices and the factors that influence their decisions when treating bacterial infections in dogs and cats. Zoonoses Public Health 2024. [PMID: 39044541 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Judicious antimicrobial use in companion animal practice is critical for maintaining the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents against bacterial infections and reducing the selection of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to provide insights into companion animal veterinarians' antimicrobial treatment recommendations for common bacterial infections in dogs and cats and describe the factors influencing their prescription choices. METHODS AND RESULTS An online survey using QualtricsXM® software was administered between September and November 2022 to companion animal veterinarians who were Illinois State Veterinary Medical Association members. Descriptive and text analyses were conducted to assess the participants' responses. A total of 78 surveys were included in the analysis. Skin infections were ranked as the most common bacterial infections for which veterinarians prescribed antimicrobial agents, followed by ear, urinary tract, respiratory, and enteric infections. The severity of clinical symptoms and the results of bacterial culture and susceptibility tests were the most influential factors for veterinarians when making antimicrobial prescription choices. Veterinarians were aware of the current antimicrobial prescription guideline recommendations when prescribing antimicrobials empirically to nine hypothetical scenarios of bacterial infections. According to the results of the text analysis that assessed veterinarians' responses to an open-ended question, regarding their challenges when prescribing antimicrobial agents, the pairwise correlation of word frequencies within each response showed the highest correlations between the words 'owner' and 'compliance', 'administration' and 'route', 'cost' and 'culture', and 'patients' and 'acceptance'. CONCLUSIONS The study results can support animal health stakeholders in the development of antimicrobial stewardship programmes to promote appropriate antimicrobial use and limit the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Setyo Yudhanto
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer M Reinhart
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Clarissa Pimentel de Souza
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexandria Gochenauer
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - William E Sander
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Chien-Che Hung
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Carol W Maddox
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma X, Brinker E, Lea CR, Delmain D, Chamorro ED, Martin DR, Graff EC, Wang X. Evaluation of fecal sample collection methods for feline gut microbiome profiling: fecal loop vs. litter box. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1337917. [PMID: 38800749 PMCID: PMC11127567 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1337917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microbial population structures within fecal samples are vital for disease screening, diagnosis, and gut microbiome research. The two primary methods for collecting feline fecal samples are: (1) using a fecal loop, which retrieves a rectal sample using a small, looped instrument, and (2) using the litter box, which collects stool directly from the litter. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages and is suitable for different research objectives. Methods and results Whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing were performed on the gut microbiomes of fecal samples collected using these two methods from 10 adult cats housed in the same research facility. We evaluated the influence of collection methods on feline microbiome analysis, particularly their impact on DNA extraction, metagenomic sequencing yield, microbial composition, and diversity in subsequent gut microbiome analyses. Interestingly, fecal sample collection using a fecal loop resulted in a lower yield of microbial DNA compared to the litterbox method (p = 0.004). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the proportion of host contamination (p = 0.106), virus contamination (p = 0.232), relative taxonomy abundance of top five phyla (Padj > 0.638), or the number of microbial genes covered (p = 0.770). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in alpha-diversity, beta-diversity, the number of taxa identified at each taxonomic level, and the relative abundance of taxonomic units. Discussion These two sample collection methods do not affect microbial population structures within fecal samples and collecting fecal samples directly from the litterbox within 6 hours after defecation can be considered a reliable approach for microbiome research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Ma
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Emily Brinker
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Christopher R. Lea
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Diane Delmain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Erin D. Chamorro
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Douglas R. Martin
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Emily C. Graff
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Center for Advanced Science, Innovation, and Commerce, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, AL, United States
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rocholl C, Zablotski Y, Schulz B. Online-Assisted Survey on Antibiotic Use by Pet Owners in Dogs and Cats. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:382. [PMID: 38786111 PMCID: PMC11117295 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was two-fold: first, to collect data on the use of antibiotics in Germany for dogs and cats and, second, their owners' experiences and opinions. Using an anonymous online survey, dog and cat owners were asked about the last antibiotic administration in their pet. The inclusion criterion was any antibiotic administration within the last year. A total of 708 questionnaires from 463 dogs and 245 cats could be evaluated. Diarrhea was reported as the most common reason for antibiotic administration in dogs (18.4%). Wound infection/abscess/bite injury was the second most common reason in dogs (16.0%). In cats wound infection/abscess/bite injury was the most common reason (23.3%), followed by dental treatment (21.2%) and upper respiratory tract infections (16.7%). The most common antibiotics used systemically in both species were amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (32.5%), amoxicillin (14.8%), metronidazole (6.9%), and doxycycline (6.8%). While efficacy (99.9%) and tolerability (94.8%) were rated as most important for the choice of antibiotics, costs (51.6%) were cited as predominantly unimportant. First-line antibiotics were used significantly more often than critically important antibiotics. The majority of animal owners show awareness for avoidance of antibiotic resistance and the use of critically important antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Rocholl
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ricardo T, Azócar-Aedo LI, Previtali MA, Monti G. Seroprevalence of pathogenic Leptospira serogroups in asymptomatic domestic dogs and cats: systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1301959. [PMID: 38435371 PMCID: PMC10904519 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1301959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease transmitted by contact with the urine of animals infected with pathogenic species of the bacteria Leptospira or by contact with environments contaminated with the bacteria. Domestic dogs and cats may act as reservoirs or as sentinels of environmental contamination with leptospires, posing a public health concern. There is a great diversity of leptospires, and one common way to classify them is into serogroups that provide some information on the host species they are associated with. The aims of this study were: (1) to quantitatively summarize the overall prevalence and serogroup-specific prevalence of antibodies against pathogenic leptospires in asymptomatic dogs and cats and (2) to identify environmental and host characteristics that may affect the prevalence. Three electronic databases and the reference lists of eligible articles were screened, for epidemiological studies conducted between the years 2012-2022. We estimated overall and serogroup-specific prevalence using three-level meta-analysis models and assessed potential sources of heterogeneity by moderator analysis and meta-regression. Eighty-four studies met the inclusion criteria (dog studies 66.7%, cat studies 26.2%, and both species 7.1%). There were significant differences between dogs and cats in the overall prevalence model (P < 0.001), but not in the serogroup-specific model (P>0.05). In dogs, the prevalence of Leptospira interrogans serogroup Canicola was significantly higher than the other pathogenic serogroups (P < 0.001), while in cats there were no significant differences among serogroups (P = 0.373). Moderator analysis showed that the prevalence of L. kirschneri serogroup Grippotyphosa was significantly higher in stray/sheltered dogs than in domiciled dogs (P = 0.028). These results suggest that pathogenic serogroups associated with small mammals are circulating among asymptomatic pets and should be taken into account in the transmission cycle of leptospires, as well as in the standard MAT panel for diagnosis in dogs and cats. It also highlights the importance of including both dogs and cats as potential reservoirs when conducting eco-epidemiological studies in different geographical and ecological areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Ricardo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Dpto. de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (FHUC), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lucía Isabel Azócar-Aedo
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede de la Patagonia, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - María Andrea Previtali
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Dpto. de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (FHUC), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Monti
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jin M, Osman M, Green BA, Yang Y, Ahuja A, Lu Z, Cazer CL. Evidence for the transmission of antimicrobial resistant bacteria between humans and companion animals: A scoping review. One Health 2023; 17:100593. [PMID: 37448771 PMCID: PMC10336692 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Transmission of antimicrobial resistant bacteria between people and household pets, such as dogs and cats, is an emerging global public health problem. This scoping review synthesized existing evidence of human-pet bacteria transmission to understand the magnitude and breadth of this issue. Methods The search included specific and generic terms for bacteria, resistance, transmission, pets, and humans. Searches were conducted through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CABI Global Health, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Google Scholar. All studies published in English and Mandarin that isolated bacteria from pets (cats and dogs) and humans who had contact with the pets, and reported phenotypic or genotypic antimicrobial sensitivity test results, were included in this review. In cases of bacterial species that are commonly associated with pets, such as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Pasteurella multocida, we also included studies that only isolated bacteria from humans. Results After removing duplication, the search captured 9355 studies. A total of 1098 papers were screened in the full-text review, and 562 studies were identified as eligible according to our inclusion criteria. The primary reason for exclusion was the lack of sensitivity testing. The included studies were published between 1973 and 2021. The most common study location was the United States (n = 176, 31.3%), followed by the United Kingdom (n = 53, 9.4%), Japan (n = 29, 5.2%), and Canada (n = 25, 4.4%). Most of the included studies were case reports (n = 367, 63.4%), cross-sectional/prevalence studies (n = 130, 22.4%), and case series (n = 51, 8.8%). Only few longitudinal studies (n = 14, 2.4%), case-control studies (n = 12, 2.1%), and cohort studies (n = 5, 0.9%) were included in our review. Most studies focused on Pasteurella multocida (n = 221, 39.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 81, 14.4%), and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (n = 52, 8.9%). For the 295 studies that used strain typing methods to compare bacteria from humans and pets, most used DNA banding pattern-based methods (n = 133, 45.1%) and DNA sequencing-based methods (n = 118, 40.0%). Conclusion Transmission of bacteria could occur in both directions: pets to humans (e.g., S. pseudintermedius and P. multocida) and humans to pets (e.g., S. aureus). The majority of studies provided a low level of evidence of transmission (e.g., case reports), suggesting that more rigorous longitudinal, cohort, or case-control studies are needed to fully understand the risk of human-pet resistant bacterial transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mu Jin
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
| | - Marwan Osman
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Brianna A. Green
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
| | - Yufan Yang
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
| | - Aditi Ahuja
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
| | - Casey L. Cazer
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
- Department of Population Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shahzad S, Willcox MDP, Rayamajhee B. A Review of Resistance to Polymyxins and Evolving Mobile Colistin Resistance Gene ( mcr) among Pathogens of Clinical Significance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1597. [PMID: 37998799 PMCID: PMC10668746 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The global rise in antibiotic resistance in bacteria poses a major challenge in treating infectious diseases. Polymyxins (e.g., polymyxin B and colistin) are last-resort antibiotics against resistant Gram-negative bacteria, but the effectiveness of polymyxins is decreasing due to widespread resistance among clinical isolates. The aim of this literature review was to decipher the evolving mechanisms of resistance to polymyxins among pathogens of clinical significance. We deciphered the molecular determinants of polymyxin resistance, including distinct intrinsic molecular pathways of resistance as well as evolutionary characteristics of mobile colistin resistance. Among clinical isolates, Acinetobacter stains represent a diversified evolution of resistance, with distinct molecular mechanisms of intrinsic resistance including naxD, lpxACD, and stkR gene deletion. On the other hand, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are usually resistant via the PhoP-PhoQ and PmrA-PmrB pathways. Molecular evolutionary analysis of mcr genes was undertaken to show relative relatedness across the ten main lineages. Understanding the molecular determinants of resistance to polymyxins may help develop suitable and effective methods for detecting polymyxin resistance determinants and the development of novel antimicrobial molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Shahzad
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Mark D. P. Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Putriningsih PAS, Phuektes P, Jittimanee S, Kampa J. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci in canine pyoderma in Thailand. Vet World 2023; 16:2340-2348. [PMID: 38152262 PMCID: PMC10750743 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2340-2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci (MRS) seriously threatens animal and human health. Repeated antibiotic use allows the bacteria to develop resistance to several antibiotic classes and become multidrug-resistant (MDR). Canine pyoderma, a common skin condition in dogs, is mainly caused by Staphylococci, including MRS. Detecting this infection in all canine populations is crucial to develop a proper preventive plan. This study estimated the prevalence, antibiogram, and risk factors of MRS in canine patients at a referral animal hospital in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Materials and Methods Skin swabs and relevant information were collected from 56 client-owned dogs that visited the hospital from September 2019 to September 2020. Staphylococci colonies were subjected to molecular identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests using an automated system (VITEK® 2). These colonies were also genetically identified using multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. The mecA gene, encoding methicillin resistance, was detected using simplex-PCR. The risk factors of MRS infection and their association with MRS infection were analyzed using logistic regression and the Chi-square test, respectively. Results The prevalence of MRS was found to be 35.7% (20/56 dogs). By species, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was found in 24 of 104 isolates (23.1%), and all samples were MDR. Receiving systemic antibiotics in the past 6 months was a major risk factor associated with MRS infection (p < 0.05; odds ratio (OR) > 1). In addition to the MRS isolates, the mecA gene was also detected in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococci isolates. This might be because of the high expression of blaI, and mutations in c-di-AMP cyclase DacA, RelA, and Fem proteins. Conclusion A high prevalence of MRS and MDR was observed in the studied population, which might be potentially due to improper antibiotic use by the owners and horizontal transfer of drug-resistance genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Putu Ayu Sisyawati Putriningsih
- Graduate School, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, 80361, Indonesia
| | - Patchara Phuektes
- Division of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Suphattra Jittimanee
- Division of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Jaruwan Kampa
- Division of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marin C, Cerdà-Cuéllar M, Rosario I, Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, Vega S, Manzanares A, Padilla D, Real F, Rodríguez-Ponce E, Acosta-Hernández B. Impact of genetic diversity and antibiotic-resistance of Salmonella isolated from feral cats: One Health approach. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 101:102043. [PMID: 37690182 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Free-living cats usually live in colonies in urban areas, especially close to parks and neighbourhoods where people feed them without any sanitary control. This can pose a human, animal and environmental health concern due to the close contact between uncontrolled colonies, the population and other domestic and/or wild animals. Thus, this study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains isolated from feral cats in a previous epidemiological study in the Gran Canaria island (Spain). A total of nineteen Salmonella isolates were obtained from November 2018 to January 2019 in a Salmonella epidemiological study in feral cats. All isolates obtained were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PGFE) and were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, in accordance with Decision 2013/652/EU. PFGE analysis revealed isolates clustering by serovar, with identical clones for serovars Bredeney and Grancanaria, while differing pulsotypes were observed for serovars Florida (88.89 % similarity) and Nima (83.23 % similarity). All but two isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. The results obtained demonstrate that feral cats in the region investigated are a reservoir of Salmonella strains resistant to gentamicin (94.1 %) and of the critically important antimicrobial tigecycline (23.5 %). Hence, they could excrete AMR strains through their faeces and contaminate the environment, favoring the spread of such bacteria to cohabiting pets. Moreover, this widespread presence of AMR Salmonella clones across various serovars highlights the urgent need to implement efficient antimicrobial stewardship and control programs by the local governments due to the ongoing need to protect human and animal health under a One Health concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Marin
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, Spain.
| | - M Cerdà-Cuéllar
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA). Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA). Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - I Rosario
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | - L Lorenzo-Rebenaque
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, Spain
| | - S Vega
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, Spain
| | - A Manzanares
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA). Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA). Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - D Padilla
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | - F Real
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | - E Rodríguez-Ponce
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | - B Acosta-Hernández
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Walker GK, Harden L, Suyemoto MM, Thakur S, Jacob M, Borst LB. Draft genome sequences of 12 Escherichia coli co-isolated with Enterococcus spp. from dogs with polybacterial bacteriuria at a veterinary hospital. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0026223. [PMID: 37551975 PMCID: PMC10508164 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00262-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli are frequently co-isolated with Enterococcus spp. from urine cultures of dogs with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are augmented by Enterococcus in polymicrobial UTIs. We report the draft genome sequences of 12 UPEC co-isolated with Enterococcus spp. from canine urinary tract infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grayson K. Walker
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lyndy Harden
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - M. Mitsu Suyemoto
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Siddhartha Thakur
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Megan Jacob
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Luke B. Borst
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zheng HH, Yu C, Tang XY, Du CT, Xie GH. Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Resistance Analysis of Canine Oral and Intestinal Escherichia coli Resistant to Colistin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13428. [PMID: 37686243 PMCID: PMC10488236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli has gradually developed into a global problem. These resistant bacteria could be transmitted to humans through animal feces in the environment or direct contact with pets, leading to a problem in bacterial treatment for humans and animals. Now, the antibiotic resistance of oral and intestinal microbiota from dog origins remains unclear in China. Therefore, this study first analyzed the current colistin resistance of oral and intestinal microbiota from dog origins in mainland China. A total of 536 samples were collected from dogs in mainland China and, respectively, cultured on the SS and MacConkey agar plate containing colistin (4 μg/mL) to obtain bacteria, and the antibiotic-resistance phenotype of Escherichia coli was investigated for nine antibiotics. Results showed that a total of 2259 colistin-resistant bacteria were isolated from samples and identified, and among them, the isolated rate of Escherichia coli (34.01%, 769/2259) was relatively higher than that of other bacteria. Subsequently, it was found that the resistance of these Escherichia coli was very severe by exploring its resistance to different antibiotics, particularly to three common antibiotics in a clinic which were ceftriaxone, ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, with the resistance rates of 60.60% (466/769), 57.22% (440/769), and 53.06% (408/769), respectively. Moreover, the simultaneous resistance of Escherichia coli to one or more antibiotics was determined, and 69.96% (538/769) strains have defined the resistance to both two or more antibiotics, and even 13 of Escherichia coli strains that were resistant to all nine antibiotics, indicating that the Escherichia coli from dog origins has severe antibiotic resistance in the clinic. In conclusion, this study guided the use of antibiotics and could draw attention to antibiotic resistance in veterinary clinical treatment for animals in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hua Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin’an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chao Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xin-Yue Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chong-Tao Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Guang-Hong Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Galarce N, Arriagada G, Sánchez F, Escobar B, Miranda M, Matus S, Vilches R, Varela C, Zelaya C, Peralta J, Paredes-Osses E, González-Rocha G, Lapierre L. Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli strains isolated from household dogs in Chile. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1233127. [PMID: 37655259 PMCID: PMC10467275 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1233127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to animal and public health worldwide; consequently, several AMR surveillances programs have been implemented internationally in both human and veterinary medicine, including indicator bacteria such as Escherichia coli. However, companion animals are not typically included in these surveillance programs. Nevertheless, there have been reports of increasing levels of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli strains isolated from dogs worldwide. In Chile, there is limited information available on AMR in E. coli isolated from companion animals, which prevents the establishment of objective prevention and control measures. Methods For this reason, the aim of this study was to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic AMR of E. coli strains isolated from healthy household dogs in Chile. For this purpose, a multi-stage sampling was carried out in the Metropolitan Region of Chile, obtaining samples from 600 healthy dogs. These samples were processed using traditional bacteriology and molecular techniques to isolate E. coli strains. We assessed the minimal inhibitory concentration of 17 antimicrobials and conducted a search of six antimicrobial resistance genes, as well as class 1 and 2 integrons, in the isolated strains. Results Two-hundred and twenty-four strains of E. coli were recovered, and 96.9% (n = 217) showed resistance to at least one drug and only 3.1% (n = 7) were susceptible to all analyzed antimicrobials. Most strains were resistant to cefalexin (91.5%, n = 205, 1st-generation cephalosporin), followed by ampicillin (68.3%, n = 153) and cefpodoxime (31.3%, n = 70, 3rd-generation cephalosporin). Moreover, 24.1% (n = 54) tested positive for extended-spectrum-β-lactamases and 34.4% (n = 77) were multidrug resistant. As for the AMR genes, the most detected was qnrB (28.1%, n = 63), followed by blaCTX-M (22.3%, n = 50), and blaTEM-1 (19.6%, n = 44). Additionally, 16.1% (n = 36) harbored class 1 integrons. Our study shows that E. coli strains isolated from healthy household dogs exhibit resistance to several relevant drugs and also antimicrobial resistance genes considered critical for human health. These results can be used as a starting point for the prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance from companion animals. This background should be considered when formulating future resistance surveillance programs or control plans in which companion animals must be included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Galarce
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Arriagada
- Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales, Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
| | - Fernando Sánchez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beatriz Escobar
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Miranda
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofía Matus
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rocío Vilches
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Varela
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Zelaya
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josefa Peralta
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esteban Paredes-Osses
- Departamento de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Providencia, Chile
| | - Gerardo González-Rocha
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Caneschi A, Bardhi A, Barbarossa A, Zaghini A. The Use of Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine, a Complex Phenomenon: A Narrative Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030487. [PMID: 36978354 PMCID: PMC10044628 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As warned by Sir Alexander Fleming in his Nobel Prize address: “the use of antimicrobials can, and will, lead to resistance”. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has recently increased due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, and their use in animals (food-producing and companion) has also resulted in the selection and transmission of resistant bacteria. The epidemiology of resistance is complex, and factors other than the overall quantity of antibiotics consumed may influence it. Nowadays, AMR has a serious impact on society, both economically and in terms of healthcare. This narrative review aimed to provide a scenario of the state of the AMR phenomenon in veterinary medicine related to the use of antibiotics in different animal species; the impact that it can have on animals, as well as humans and the environment, was considered. Providing some particular instances, the authors tried to explain the vastness of the phenomenon of AMR in veterinary medicine due to many and diverse aspects that cannot always be controlled. The veterinarian is the main reference point here and has a high responsibility towards the human–animal–environment triad. Sharing such a burden with human medicine and cooperating together for the same purpose (fighting and containing AMR) represents an effective example of the application of the One Health approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anisa Bardhi
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-051-2097-500 (Andrea Barbarossa)
| | - Andrea Barbarossa
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-051-2097-500 (Andrea Barbarossa)
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sun L, Meng N, Wang Z, Hong J, Dai Y, Wang Z, Wang J, Jiao X. Genomic Characterization of ESBL/AmpC-Producing Escherichia coli in Stray Dogs Sheltered in Yangzhou, China. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:7741-7750. [PMID: 36597449 PMCID: PMC9805715 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s397872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Limited data are available on the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of extended spectrum β-lactamase- (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in stray dogs. We aimed to investigate the genomic characteristics of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli isolated from stray dogs sheltered in Yangzhou, China. Methods We collected 156 samples including 115 fecal swabs, 35 kennel floor swabs, two breeder hand and shoe sole swabs, and four feed samples. The isolates were tested for resistance by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and further analyzed for cefotaxime-resistant E. coli isolates by whole genome sequencing. Results We identified 80 cefotaxime-resistant E. coli isolates (51.3%), 59 isolates (73.8%) from feces and 21 (26.2%) from the environment. Whole-genome sequencing analysis showed that bla CTX-M-15 (n=30) and bla CTX-M-55 (n=29) were the most prevalent genotypes. Two isolates only carried the AmpC β-lactamase gene bla CMY-2; one isolate had a combination of AmpC β-lactamase gene bla DHA-1 and ESBL β-lactamase gene bla CTX-M-14. Other important resistance genes such as bla OXA-10, bla TEM-1B, bla TEM-135, bla TEM-106, tet(A), qnrS1, qnrB4, and oqxAB were also detected. The serotype combination was highly abundant, with O10:H25 predominating (n=12). Most cefotaxime-resistant E. coli isolates belonged to phylogroup A (62.5%, n=50), followed by phylogroup B1 (26.3%, n=21). Thirty different sequence types (STs) and 27 distinct plasmid replicons were identified, among which ST2325 (n=12) and IncFII (n=38) was the most frequent ST and plasmid, respectively. ESBL/AmpC-producing isolates were divided into four major clades; clade IV was the primary lineage containing 37 isolates from feces and 13 from the environment. Three high-risk E. coli clone ST23 strains and one ST10 strain belonged to clades III and IV, respectively. Conclusion Our study provides a comprehensive overview of resistance profiles and genomic characteristics in ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli and highlights the possible role of stray dogs as an antibiotic resistance gene reservoir.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zecheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Jing Wang; Xinan Jiao, Email ;
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou Y, Ji X, Liang B, Jiang B, Li Y, Yuan T, Zhu L, Liu J, Guo X, Sun Y. Antimicrobial Resistance and Prevalence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli from Dogs and Cats in Northeastern China from 2012 to 2021. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1506. [PMID: 36358160 PMCID: PMC9686880 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: there has been a growing concern about pet-spread bacterial zoonosis in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the trend in drug-resistance of canine Escherichia coli isolates in northeast China between 2012-2021 and the differences in drug-resistance of E. coli of different origins in 2021. (2) Methods: E. coli were isolated from feces or anal swab samples from dogs and cats, and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles and phylogenetic grouping were identified. PCR was applied on the extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) E. coli for antibiotic resistance genes. (3) Results: five hundred and fifty-four E. coli isolates were detected in 869 samples (63.75%). The multidrug resistance (MDR) rates of E. coli in pet dogs showed a decreasing trend, but working dogs showed the opposite trend. Resistance genes blaCTX-M and blaCTX-M+TEM were dominant among the ESBL producers (n = 219). The consistency between the resistance phenotypes and genes was high except for fluoroquinolone-resistant ESBL E. coli. All ESBL E. coli-carrying blaNDM were isolated from working dogs, and one of the strains carried mcr-1 and blaNDM-4. Phylogroup B2 was the dominant group in pet cats, and more than half of the isolates from companion cats were ESBL E. coli. (4) Conclusions: the measures taken to reduce resistance in China were beginning to bear fruit. Companion cats may be more susceptible to colonization by ESBL E. coli. The problem of resistant bacteria in working dogs and pet cats warrants concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xue Ji
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130021, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130021, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bowen Jiang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130021, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tingyv Yuan
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lingwei Zhu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130021, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130021, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xuejun Guo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130021, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130021, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhao HQ, Fei SW, Yin JX, Li Q, Jiang TG, Guo ZY, Xue JB, Han LF, Zhang XX, Xia S, Zhang Y, Guo XK, Kassegne K. Assessment of performance for a key indicator of One Health: evidence based on One Health index for zoonoses in Sub-Saharan Africa. Infect Dis Poverty 2022; 11:109. [PMID: 36273213 PMCID: PMC9588233 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-022-01020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zoonoses are public health threats that cause severe damage worldwide. Zoonoses constitute a key indicator of One Health (OH) and the OH approach is being applied for zoonosis control programmes of zoonotic diseases. In a very recent study, we developed an evaluation system for OH performance through the global OH index (GOHI). This study applied the GOHI to evaluate OH performance for zoonoses in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS The framework for the OH index on zoonoses (OHIZ) was constructed including five indicators, 15 subindicators and 28 datasets. Publicly available data were referenced to generate the OHIZ database which included both qualitative and quantitative indicators for all sub-Sahara African countries (n = 48). The GOHI algorithm was used to estimate scores for OHIZ. Indicator weights were calculated by adopting the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process. RESULTS Overall, five indicators associated with weights were generated as follows: source of infection (23.70%), route of transmission (25.31%), targeted population (19.09%), capacity building (16.77%), and outcomes/case studies (15.13%). Following the indicators, a total of 37 sub-Sahara African countries aligned with OHIZ validation, while 11 territories were excluded for unfit or missing data. The OHIZ average score of sub-Saharan Africa was estimated at 53.67/100. The highest score was 71.99 from South Africa, while the lowest score was 40.51 from Benin. It is also worth mentioning that Sub-Sahara African countries had high performance in many subindicators associated with zoonoses, e.g., surveillance and response, vector and reservoir interventions, and natural protected areas, which suggests that this region had a certain capacity in control and prevention or responses to zoonotic events. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that it is possible to perform OH evaluation for zoonoses in sub-Saharan Africa by OHIZ. Findings from this study provide preliminary research information in advancing knowledge of the evidenced risks to strengthen strategies for effective control of zoonoses and to support the prevention of zoonotic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qing Zhao
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Wei Fei
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Xian Yin
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Ge Jiang
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Yu Guo
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Bo Xue
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Le-Fei Han
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xi Zhang
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang Xia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Kui Guo
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.,One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Kokouvi Kassegne
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China. .,One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Moses IB, Esimone CO, Iroha IR, Rubin JE, Sniatynsky MK, Ribeiro ÁCDS, Santos FF, Cayo da Silva R, Gales AC. Antibiotypes and high frequency of toxin genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from nares of dogs and dog guardians in Nigeria. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 89:101870. [PMID: 36088796 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
To determine the antibiotypes and frequency of toxin genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), 281 nasal swab samples were collected from dogs and dog guardians in Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined by disc diffusion technique while detection of toxin genes was carried out by PCR. Exactly 41 (28.7 %) and 6 (4.3 %) MRSP were obtained from dogs and dog guardians respectively. Isolates exhibited resistance (100-16.7 %) to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems. Seccanine, lukD, siet, and exi toxin genes were harboured by 42 (89.4 %), 47 (100 %), 37 (78.7 %), and 2 (4.3 %) MRSP isolates respectively. This study has shown that dogs and dog guardians in Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria are colonized by multiple drug-resistant MRSP which harbour toxin genes. This represents a significant public health problem in veterinary and human medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 781, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - Charles Okechukwu Esimone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Ifeanyichukwu Romanus Iroha
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - J E Rubin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (WCVM), University of Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - M K Sniatynsky
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (WCVM), University of Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ághata Cardoso da Silva Ribeiro
- Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 781, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fernandes Santos
- Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 781, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cayo da Silva
- Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 781, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Gales
- Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 781, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Leptospira spp. Prevalence in Cats from Southern Italy with Evaluation of Risk Factors for Exposure and Clinical Findings in Infected Cats. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101129. [PMID: 36297186 PMCID: PMC9609655 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease, but feline leptospirosis is rarely reported. This study aimed at investigating Leptospira spp. prevalence in cats from southern Italy, evaluating risk factors, clinical findings and laboratory data associated with infection. The serum of 112 cats was investigated by microscopic agglutination test (MAT), detecting anti-Leptospira antibodies against 14 pathogenic serovars. Blood and urine samples were tested by a real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting the lipL32 gene of pathogenic Leptospira. Antibodies against serovars Poi, Bratislava, Arborea, Ballum, Pomona and Lora were detected in 15.3% (17/111) of cats (titers range: 20-320). Leptospira spp. DNA was found in 3% (4/109) of blood and 9% (10/111) of urine samples. The spring season was the only risk factor for urinary Leptospira DNA shedding. Laboratory abnormalities significantly associated and/or correlated with Leptospira spp. positivity were anemia, monocytosis, neutrophilia, eosinopenia, increased alanine aminotransferase activity, hypoalbuminemia and hyperglobulinemia. In the investigated areas, cats are frequently infected by Leptospira spp. and can represent an additional reservoir or sentinel for a risk of infection. Moreover, some laboratory changes could be compatible with a pathogenic effect of Leptospira spp. in the feline host.
Collapse
|
21
|
Haenni M, Boulouis HJ, Lagrée AC, Drapeau A, Va F, Billet M, Châtre P, Madec JY. Enterobacterales high-risk clones and plasmids spreading blaESBL/AmpC and blaOXA-48 genes within and between hospitalized dogs and their environment. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:2754-2762. [PMID: 35983589 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with healthcare settings, the role of veterinary hospitals in the spread of extended-spectrum cephalosporin- and carbapenem-resistant (ESC-R/CP-R) bacteria has been overlooked. OBJECTIVES To investigate using genome-based approaches the dynamics of ESC-R and CP-R Enterobacterales among 125 dogs admitted to the same veterinary hospital over a 4 month period. METHODS Dogs (n = 125) were sampled within 48 h of admission and at discharge. ESC-R/CP-R were phenotypically characterized and whole-genome sequenced using short- and long-read technologies. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using appropriate pipelines. RESULTS ESC-R/CP-R prevalence in dogs was 4.8% (6/125) upon admission and reached 24.8% (31/125) at discharge, reflecting multiple acquisitions of ESBL/AmpC and OXA-48-positive Enterobacterales during hospitalization. Indistinguishable or closely related isolates were found within dogs, shared between dogs, and shared between dogs and their environment, suggesting numerous clonal and plasmid spreads. Even though carbapenems are not licensed for use in companion animals, a wide distribution of the blaOXA-48/IncL plasmid was evidenced across different bacterial species and dogs. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights nosocomial acquisitions of ESBL/AmpC and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales by companion animals and the risk of further transmission within the community in a One Health perspective. Reinforced infection prevention and control measures and screening procedures are urgently needed in small animal veterinary settings where advanced therapeutics and intensive care is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Haenni
- Université de Lyon-ANSES laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Henri Jean Boulouis
- UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Paris-Est Sup, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Anne Claire Lagrée
- UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Paris-Est Sup, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Antoine Drapeau
- Université de Lyon-ANSES laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Florence Va
- UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Paris-Est Sup, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Mégane Billet
- Université de Lyon-ANSES laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Châtre
- Université de Lyon-ANSES laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Jean Yves Madec
- Université de Lyon-ANSES laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, 69007 Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hamame A, Davoust B, Cherak Z, Rolain JM, Diene SM. Mobile Colistin Resistance ( mcr) Genes in Cats and Dogs and Their Zoonotic Transmission Risks. Pathogens 2022; 11:698. [PMID: 35745552 PMCID: PMC9230929 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pets, especially cats and dogs, represent a great potential for zoonotic transmission, leading to major health problems. The purpose of this systematic review was to present the latest developments concerning colistin resistance through mcr genes in pets. The current study also highlights the health risks of the transmission of colistin resistance between pets and humans. Methods: We conducted a systematic review on mcr-positive bacteria in pets and studies reporting their zoonotic transmission to humans. Bibliographic research queries were performed on the following databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Microsoft Academic, and Web of Science. Articles of interest were selected using the PRISMA guideline principles. Results: The analyzed articles from the investigated databases described the presence of mcr gene variants in pets including mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-5, mcr-8, mcr-9, and mcr-10. Among these articles, four studies reported potential zoonotic transmission of mcr genes between pets and humans. The epidemiological analysis revealed that dogs and cats can be colonized by mcr genes that are beginning to spread in different countries worldwide. Overall, reported articles on this subject highlight the high risk of zoonotic transmission of colistin resistance genes between pets and their owners. Conclusions: This review demonstrated the spread of mcr genes in pets and their transmission to humans, indicating the need for further measures to control this significant threat to public health. Therefore, we suggest here some strategies against this threat such as avoiding zoonotic transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Hamame
- Faculté de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Bernard Davoust
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Zineb Cherak
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Batna-2, Route de Constantine, Fésdis, Batna 05078, Algeria;
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Faculté de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Seydina M. Diene
- Faculté de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Meepoo W, Jaroensong T, Pruksakorn C, Rattanasrisomporn J. Investigation of Bacterial Isolations and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Chronic Rhinitis in Cats. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121572. [PMID: 35739908 PMCID: PMC9219427 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinitis is a quite common upper respiratory tract (URT) disease in cats. As a result of unclear etiology, frequently, multidrug-resistant bacteria are identified. This study investigated bacterial isolations and an antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) in chronic rhinitis in cats. The medical records of 395 cats with chronic URT signs were reviewed at the Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (KUVTH) between 2016 and 2021 to survey the underlying causes of URT. Then, apart from rhinitis, other causes were excluded to identify the bacterial species and antimicrobial susceptibility. The results indicated that the most frequent finding was neoplasia, followed by rhinitis and anatomical defects. Furthermore, the only significant association was between the age range and disease group, with gender, FIV, or FeLV infection not being significant. Rhinitis was 4.7 times more likely to occur than neoplasia in younger and young adult cats in the age range < 1−3 years compared to the group > 10 years. The main bacterial species was the Pseudomonas species. Antimicrobials with a susceptibility rate of more than 90% were amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, marbofloxacin, imipenem, and meropenem. In conclusion, rhinitis was the second most common chronic URT disease in cats and was more common in younger and young adult cats. The predominant bacteria with AST in this study reflect the antimicrobial resistance situation. Thus, antimicrobial usage should follow antimicrobial use guidelines first.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wannisa Meepoo
- Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand;
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd., Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Tassanee Jaroensong
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd., Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Chantima Pruksakorn
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd., Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Jatuporn Rattanasrisomporn
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd., Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd., Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (J.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Screening of Colistin-Resistant Bacteria in Domestic Pets from France. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050633. [PMID: 35268202 PMCID: PMC8909117 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Zoonotic transmission from pets to their owners is a major health problem, especially when dealing with human pathogens. It is important to determine the reservoir of colistin-resistant bacteria in pets to avoid the risk factors for human transmission. This study investigated the screening of colistin-resistant bacteria in pets in Marseille, France. Overall, cats and dogs have various reservoirs of colistin-resistant bacteria, including naturally colistin-resistant bacteria and mcr gene carriers (n = 14). Pets are the best human companions; therefore, vigilance would be required to avoid zoonotic transmission of colistin-resistant bacteria. Although colistin use is restricted in France, we report here for the first time that cats and dogs have various colistin-resistant bacteria including mcr-1 gene carriers. Abstract Background: Pets are the closest animals to humans with a considerable risk of zoonotic transmission. This study aimed to screen colistin-resistant bacteria from stools of dogs and cats from Marseille, France. Screening of mcr genes in pets has never been reported in France. Methods: Fecal samples (n = 157) were cultivated on the selective Lucie-Bardet Jean-Marc-Rolain medium (LBJMR). Bacteria were identified using Microflex LS MALDI-TOF. The antibiotic resistance phenotype was investigated for several antibiotics (β-lactams, aminoside, cephalosporine, tetracycline, and sulfonamide). PCR techniques were performed to detect mcr genes. Results: A total of 218 bacteria were identified. For cats, intrinsically colistin-resistant bacteria were significantly higher than mcr-1 gene carriers (n = 4). Dogs had more bacteria with the mcr-1 gene (n = 10). Furthermore, cats had a high prevalence of Gram-positive bacteria (GPB), whereas dogs had GNB equal to GPB. The diversity of identified bacteria was due to the constitution of the pets’ microorganisms. Even though colistin use is monitored in France, pets harbor various colistin-resistant bacteria. Additionally, in this geographical area, bacteria bearing mcr-1 gene from dogs and cats were detected for the first time. Conclusions: The current study opens a new perspective: the spread of colistin resistance is independent of colistin use. What are the most factors related to the emergence of colistin resistance? The surveillance of pets must be considered a priority to avoid the spread of mcr genes. It is important to know the contribution that pets make to the pool of multidrug-resistant mcr-1-containing bacteria.
Collapse
|
25
|
Garcia JF, Diez MJ, Sahagun AM, Diez R, Sierra M, Garcia JJ, López C, Fernandez MN. Availability of Antibiotics for Veterinary Use on the Internet: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:798850. [PMID: 35224075 PMCID: PMC8873107 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.798850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The misuse or overuse of antibiotics can favor the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, with a direct impact on human and animal health as well as on ecosystems. In this work, we have analyzed the web pages in which antibiotics for veterinary use can be purchased online. By using a specifically developed software, we carried out a detailed search to know if each individual antibiotic and the families included in the OIE list of antimicrobial agents of veterinary importance (in English and in Spanish) were sold, reviewing the offers according to the administration route and the species for which the antibiotics were intended. The greatest offer of antibiotics was for those compounds considered critically important by OIE. In the search in English, penicillins were available on 55.8% of the sites, tetracyclines on 55.0%, and fluoroquinolones on 52.7%. In Spanish, the families with the greatest presence were fluoroquinolones (67.9% of the sites), tetracyclines (67.9% of the sites), and penicillins (65.4% of the sites). Regarding individual antibiotics, the most offered in both searches were amoxicillin (49.6% of the sites in English and 57.7% in Spanish) and doxycycline (46.5% of the sites in English and 53.8% in Spanish). Most offers were for oral and parenteral administration and intended for cats and dogs and for bovines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Garcia
- Department of Mechanical, Informatics and Aerospatiale Engineering, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - M. Jose Diez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Ana M. Sahagun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ana M. Sahagun
| | - Raquel Diez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Matilde Sierra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Juan J. Garcia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Cristina López
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - M. Nelida Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dos Santos IC, Barbosa LN, da Silva GR, Otutumi LK, Zaniolo MM, Dos Santos MC, de Paula Ferreira LR, Gonçalves DD, de Almeida Martins L. Pet dogs as reservoir of oxacillin and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. Res Vet Sci 2021; 143:28-32. [PMID: 34959042 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the bacterial resistance profile and detect the presence of mecA gene in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from the nasal microbiota of domiciled dogs. For this purpose 100 nasal swabs from 100 domiciled dogs were collected from the central area of the city of Umuarama (PR), along with a questionnaire answered by their owners. After the isolation all Staphylococcus spp. isolates were submitted to the diffusion disc test by the Kirby-Bauer method, and only oxacillin-resistant samples were submitted to the PCR technique to search for the mecA gene and the results were then submitted to statistical analysis to verify possible risk variables. The 100 Staphylococcus spp. and coagulase negative, among which 41 isolates were resistant to oxacillin, no samples were positive for the mecA gene presence, however, 12 resistant to vancomycin were found. It can be concluded that the domiciled dogs are carriers of Staphylococcus spp. multiresistant, being these a possible source of human contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Carvalho Dos Santos
- Bolsista PROSUP/CAPES - Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Centro, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil.
| | - Lidiane Nunes Barbosa
- Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Centro, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ratti da Silva
- Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Centro, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciana Kazue Otutumi
- Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Centro, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil.
| | - Melissa Marchi Zaniolo
- Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Centro, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Mariana Carvalho Dos Santos
- Centro Universitário Cesumar (UNICESUMAR), Avenida Guedner, 1610, Jardim Aclimacao, 87050-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Dib Gonçalves
- Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Centro, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil.
| | - Lisiane de Almeida Martins
- Faculdade de Ensino Superior Santa Bárbara (FAESB), Rua Onze de Agosto, 2900, Jardim Lucila, 18277-000 Tatuí, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Stępień-Pyśniak D, Bertelloni F, Dec M, Cagnoli G, Pietras-Ożga D, Urban-Chmiel R, Ebani VV. Characterization and Comparison of Enterococcus spp. Isolates from Feces of Healthy Dogs and Urine of Dogs with UTIs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102845. [PMID: 34679866 PMCID: PMC8532874 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Infections caused by Enterococcus spp. represent a serious threat to human and animal health due to difficulties in treatment. Indeed, these bacteria are a very able “trafficker” of antimicrobial resistance genes and for this reason they are often resistant to many antimicrobials. In this study we explored the role of pet dogs as possible carriers and targets of antimicrobial resistant and virulent enterococci. Isolates collected from feces of healthy animals and urine of dogs suffering with UTIs were characterized and compared. Strains resulted as resistant to many of the antimicrobials tested and almost of them were multidrug-resistant. Diffuse resistance was recorded for compounds routinely employed in human and pet therapy. Genes responsible for antimicrobial resistance were widely detected. E. faecalis and E. faecium resulted as equally distributed in stool samples, while E. faecalis prevailed among UTI isolates; virulence genes were more often detected in bacteria belonging to this species. Our data confirm that enterococci inhabitant of the gut flora probably represent the main source of UTI in dogs. Furthermore, healthy and sick pet dogs could be spreaders of antimicrobial and virulent enterococci, representing a possible hazard for other animals and owners. Abstract Enterococcus spp. are opportunistic pathogens of both humans and animals characterized by high resistance to antimicrobials. Dogs could be intestinal carriers or suffer from Enterococcus infections, mainly urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to analyze and compare Enterococcus spp. isolated from healthy dog stools and sick dog urine. Overall, 51 isolates (29 from stools and 22 from UTI) were characterized at species level and tested for antimicrobial resistance, biofilm production and presence of resistance and virulence genes. E. faecium and E. faecalis resulted as equally distributed in stools samples, while E. faecalis predominated among UTI isolates. HLAR phenotype was detected in 47.1% isolates; 64.7% isolates were resistant to ampicillin (47.1% with a MIC ≥ 64 µg/mL). High levels of resistance were recorded for fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin 74.5%, ciprofloxacin 66.7%), clindamycin (84.3%), tetracycline (78.4%) and quinupristin–dalfopristin (78.4%). No vancomycin resistant strains were detected. All but one isolate were multidrug-resistant. Most detected resistance genes were tetM (70.5%), pbp4 (52.9%) and aph(3′)-IIIa (39.2%). All isolates were able to produce biofilm, but isolates from UTIs and belonging to E. faecalis more frequently resulted in strong biofilm producers. Most detected virulence genes were asa1 (52.9%), gelE (41.2%), cylA (37.3%) and esp (35.3%); all of them resulted as more frequently associated to E. faecalis. No particular differences emerged between isolates from feces and UTI, considering all evaluated aspects. Our results confirm pet dogs as carriers of multidrug-resistant enterococci; stool microflora could be considered as the most probable source of enterococcal UTI and E. faecalis carried by dogs seems to be more virulent than E. faecium, justifying its more frequent involvement in urinary tract infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.-P.); (M.D.); (R.U.-C.)
| | - Fabrizio Bertelloni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (V.V.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Dec
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.-P.); (M.D.); (R.U.-C.)
| | - Giulia Cagnoli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.C.); (V.V.E.)
| | - Dorota Pietras-Ożga
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Renata Urban-Chmiel
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.-P.); (M.D.); (R.U.-C.)
| | | |
Collapse
|