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Long Y, Duan X, Fu Q, Liu M, Fu J, Song X, Mo R, You H, Qin L, Wang T, Li H, Ni G, Liu X, Yang W. Caerin 1.9-Titanium Plates Aid Implant Healing and Inhibit Bacterial Growth in New Zealand Rabbit Mandibles. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00127-8. [PMID: 38866671 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With rising rates of maxillofacial fracture, postoperative infection following rigid internal fixation is an important issue that requires immediate resolution. It is important to explore an alternative antibacterial method apart from conventional antibiotics. A controlled experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a caerin 1.9 peptide-coated titanium plate in reducing mandibular infection in New Zealand (NZ) rabbits, aiming to minimise the risk of post-metallic implantation infection. METHODS Twenty-two NZ rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups. The experiment group received caerin 1.9 peptide-coated titanium plates and mixed oral bacteria exposure. The control group received normal titanium plates with mixed oral bacteria exposure. The untreated group served as a control to prove that bacteria in the mouth can cause infection. Weight, temperature, hepatic function, and C-reactive protein levels were measured. Wound and bone conditions were evaluated. Further analysis included local infection, anatomic conditions, histology, and bacterial load. RESULTS No significant differences were found in temperature, weight, blood alanine aminotransferase, and C-reactive protein levels amongst the 3 groups. The experiment group showed the lowest amount of bacterial RNA in wounds. Additionally, the experiment group had higher peripheral lymphocyte counts compared to the control group and lower neutrophil counts on the third and seventh day postoperatively. Histologic analysis revealed lower levels of inflammatory cell infiltration, bleeding, and areas of necrosis in the experimental group compared with the controls. CONCLUSIONS A caerin 1.9-coated titanium plate is able to inhibit bacterial growth in a NZ rabbit mandibular mixed bacteria infection model and is worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Long
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; Guiyang Dental Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xubo Duan
- Medical School of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Quanlan Fu
- Medical School of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- Medical School of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jiawei Fu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinyi Song
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rongmi Mo
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hang You
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; Guiyang Dental Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Li Qin
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; Guiyang Dental Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Tianfang Wang
- Centre for Bio-innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore BC, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Hejie Li
- Centre for Bio-innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore BC, Queensland 4558, Australia
| | - Guoying Ni
- Centre for Bio-innovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore BC, Queensland 4558, Australia; Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; Medical School of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China.
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Wu C, Ling M, Chen Q, Chai H, Chen H. Multiplex Digital PCR-Based Development and discussion of the Detection of Genetic Association Between Staphylococcus aureus and mecA. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:2031-2041. [PMID: 38803520 PMCID: PMC11128719 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s464213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a predominant nosocomial infection-causing bacteria. The aim of this study was to develop a novel single-bacteria multiplex digital PCR assays (SMD-PCR), which is capable of simultaneously detecting and discriminating Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and MRSA. This protocol employed TaqMan probes to detect SAOUHSC_00106 and mecA genes, with the latter being linked to methicillin resistance. A total of 72 samples from various specimen types were evaluated. The accuracy rates for the sputum samples, pus samples, swab samples, ear secretion samples, and catheter samples were 94.44%, 100%, 92%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Our results showed that the clinical practicability of SMD-PCR has applicability to the rapid detection of MRSA without DNA extraction or bacterial culture, and can be utilized for the rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus and the timely identification of MRSA in clinical samples, thereby providing an advanced platform for the rapid diagnosis of clinical MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciming Wu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, College of Life Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Ling
- Jinhua Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinhua, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Chai
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, College of Life Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Chen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, College of Life Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, People’s Republic of China
- Hangzhou Digital-Micro Biotech Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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Dobrut A, Siemińska I, Sroka-Oleksiak A, Drożdż K, Sobońska J, Mroczkowska U, Brzychczy-Włoch M. Molecular and phenotypic identification of bacterial species isolated from cows with mastitis from three regions of Poland. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:193. [PMID: 38734661 PMCID: PMC11088075 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine mastitis is a widespread disease affecting dairy cattle worldwide and it generates substantial losses for dairy farmers. Mastitis may be caused by bacteria, fungi or algae. The most common species isolated from infected milk are, among others, Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci. The aim of this paper is to determine the frequency of occurrence of bacterial species in milk samples from cows with mastitis from three regions of Poland: the north-east, the south-west and the south. To this end 203 milk samples taken from cows with a clinical form (CM) of mastitis (n = 100) and healthy animals (n = 103) were examined, which included culture on an appropriate medium followed by molecular detection of E. coli, S. aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus uberis, as one of the most common species isolated from mastitis milk. RESULTS The results obtained indicated that S. uberis was the most commonly cultivated CM species (38%, n = 38), followed by S. aureus (22%, n = 22), E. coli (21%, n = 21) and S. agalactiae (18%, n = 18). Similar frequencies in molecular methods were obtained for S. uberis (35.1%) and S. aureus (28.0%). The variation of sensitivity of both methods may be responsible for the differences in the E. coli (41.0%, p = 0.002) and S. agalactiae (5.0%, p = 0.004) detection rates. Significant differences in composition of species between three regions of Poland were noted for E. coli incidence (p < 0.001), in both the culture and molecular methods, but data obtained by the PCR method indicated that this species was the least common in north-eastern Poland, while the culture method showed that in north-eastern Poland E. coli was the most common species. Significant differences for the molecular method were also observed for S. uberis (p < 0.001) and S. aureus (p < 0.001). Both species were most common in southern and south-western Poland. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained confirm the need to introduce rapid molecular tests for veterinary diagnostics, as well as providing important epidemiological data, to the best of our knowledge data on Polish cows in selected areas of Poland is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dobrut
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Izabela Siemińska
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Center of Veterinary Medicine JU-AU, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sroka-Oleksiak
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Drożdż
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Sobońska
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Monika Brzychczy-Włoch
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Dong W, Peng Q, Tang X, Zhong T, Lin S, Zhi Z, Ye J, Yang B, Sun N, Yuan W. Identification and Characterization of a Vancomycin Intermediate-Resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus Isolated from Guangzhou, China. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3639-3647. [PMID: 37313263 PMCID: PMC10259589 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s411860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus haemolyticus is an opportunistic pathogen that belongs to coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS). Increasing infection and multi-drug resistance cases caused by this strain have been reported and thus it poses a great health threat. Methods The third-generation sequencing technology was performed on a S. haemolyticus SH-1 isolated from a clinical sample to analyze the drug resistance genes, which included vancomycin resistance related genes. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility tests, transmission electron microscopy and Triton X-100 stimulated autolysis were conducted to understand its biological characteristics. Results The study shows that this clinical isolate is a vancomycin intermediate-resistant strain. Genome comparison also revealed that WalK(N70K) and WalK(R280Q) mutations may contribute to the vancomycin resistant phenotype. Besides, S. haemolyticus SH-1 exhibit common features of thicker cell wall and decreased autolytic activity. Conclusion S. haemolyticus SH-1 with WalKR mutations shows typical characteristics of vancomycin resistant strains. Combining the genome features and biological properties, our findings may provide important information for the understanding of the molecular mechanism of S. haemolyticus to vancomycin intermediate-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyang Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Peng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Tang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, People’s Republic of China
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510150, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Zhong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shunan Lin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziling Zhi
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Ye
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bixia Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Sun
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenchang Yuan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, People’s Republic of China
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Hlaoperm C, Sudjarwo WAA, Ehrenbrandtner J, Kiss E, Del Favero G, Choowongkomon K, Rattanasrisomporn J, Lieberzeit PA. Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticle Ensembles for Rapidly Identifying S. epidermidis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3526. [PMID: 37050585 PMCID: PMC10098556 DOI: 10.3390/s23073526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) belongs to methicillin-resistant bacteria strains that cause severe disease in humans. Herein, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanoparticles resulting from solid-phase synthesis on entire cells were employed as a sensing material to identify the species. MIP nanoparticles revealed spherical shapes with diameters of approximately 70 nm to 200 nm in scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed. The interaction between nanoparticles and bacteria was assessed using height image analysis in AFM. Selective binding between MIP nanoparticles and S. epidermidis leads to uneven surfaces on bacteria. The surface roughness of S. epidermidis cells was increased to approximately 6.3 ± 1.2 nm after binding to MIP nanoparticles from around 1 nm in the case of native cells. This binding behavior is selective: when exposing Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis to the same MIP nanoparticle solutions, one cannot observe binding. Fluorescence microscopy confirms both sensitivity and selectivity. Hence, the developed MIP nanoparticles are a promising approach to identify (pathogenic) bacteria species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chularat Hlaoperm
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Wien, Austria
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Wisnu Arfian A. Sudjarwo
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Wien, Austria
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Doctoral School of Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Ehrenbrandtner
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Endre Kiss
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Waehringer Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Waehringer Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Waehringer Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Jatuporn Rattanasrisomporn
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Peter A. Lieberzeit
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Wien, Austria
- University of Vienna, Faculty for Chemistry, Doctoral School of Chemistry, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Mamdoh H, Hassanein KM, Eltoony LF, Khalifa WA, Hamed E, Alshammari TO, Abd El-Kareem DM, El-Mokhtar MA. Clinical and Bacteriological Analyses of Biofilm-Forming Staphylococci Isolated from Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:1737-1750. [PMID: 36999125 PMCID: PMC10046123 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s393724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, foot ulcers and amputations due to diabetes are very common in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical presentation of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) infections, isolate the causative agent, and analyze the biofilm formation and distribution of biofilm-related genes among isolated Staphylococci. Material and Methods The study included 100 diabetic patients suffering from DFUs attending Assiut University Hospital. Swabs were collected and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed. Biofilm formation was tested phenotypically among staphylococcal isolates and the frequency of different biofilm genes was analyzed by PCR. Clinical presentations of diabetic foot ulcers were correlated with bacterial genetic characteristics. Spa types were determined using DNA Gear-a software. Results Microbiological analysis showed that 94/100 of the DFUs were positive for bacterial growth. The majority of infections were polymicrobial (54%, n=54/100). Staphylococci were the most commonly detected organisms, of which S. aureus represented 37.5% (n=24/64), S. haemolyticus 23.4% (n=15/64), S. epidermidis 34.3% (n=22/64) and other CNS 4.7% (n=3/64). Interestingly, co-infection with more than one species of Staphylococci was observed in 17.1% (n=11/64) of samples. A high level of antibiotic resistance was observed, where 78.1% (n=50/64) of Staphylococci spp were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Phenotypic detection showed that all isolated Staphylococci were biofilm-formers with different grades. Analysis of biofilm-forming genes among Staphylococci showed that the most predominant genes were icaD, spa, and bap. Isolates with a higher number of biofilm-related genes were associated with strong biofilm formation. Sequencing of the spa gene in S. aureus showed that our isolates represent a collection of 17 different spa types. Conclusion The majority of DFUs in our hospital are polymicrobial. Staphylococci other than S.aureus are major contributors to infected DFUs. MDR and biofilm formation are marked among isolates, which is paralleled by the presence of different categories of virulence-related genes. All severely infected wounds were associated with either strong or intermediate biofilm formers. The severity of DFU is directly related to the number of biofilm genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Mamdoh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, New Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Hassanein
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Lobna Farag Eltoony
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Khalifa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Entsar Hamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Doaa M Abd El-Kareem
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Correspondence: Mohamed A El-Mokhtar, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, Email
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Molecular Characterisation of Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus haemolyticus Isolates from Chennai, South India. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus haemolyticus is a highly resistant opportunistic pathogen having close genomic relatedness with other virulent species of staphylococci. However, compared to Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, little is known about the resistance genes of S. haemolyticus. The purpose of this study was to characterise antibiotic resistance genes in S. haemolyticus isolates. Standard microbiological techniques were used to identify and confirm 104 S. haemolyticus isolates included in the study. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and D-test were performed, followed by PCR amplification of various resistance determinants (mecA, ermA, ermC, msrA, aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″), ant(4′)-Ia,aph(3′)-IIIa, tetK, tetM, dfrA, fusB, fusC, fusD and mupA). Methicillin resistance was observed in 93.3% of study isolates. The maximum number of isolates showed resistance to erythromycin (n=79, 76%), followed by ciprofloxacin (n=66, 63.5%) and cotrimoxazole (n=58, 55.8%). In the D-test, 8 isolates showed inducible (iMLSB) and 11 showed constitutive (cMLSB) resistance. Among the resistance determinants, mecA gene (93.3%) was the most prevalent, followed by dfrA (50.5%). Furthermore, aac(6’)-Ie-aph(2’’) and aph(3’)-IIIa combination was observed in 26.9% of isolates, and aac(6’)-Ie-aph(2’’) alone was present in 3.8% of isolates. Among the study isolates, 17.3% exhibited tetK gene, whereas only 1% exhibited tetM; a combination of tetK and tetM was observed in one isolate. The fusB and fusC were present in 11.5% of isolates, and 12.5% of the isolates were positive for mupA. In conclusion, the present study underlines the concern of increasing antibiotic resistance among S. haemolyticus isolates. Avoiding misuse/overuse of antibiotics along with continuous surveillance programs can reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance.
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The Frequency of Occurrence of Resistance and Genes Involved in the Process of Adhesion and Accumulation of Biofilm in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Tracheostomy Tubes. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061210. [PMID: 35744728 PMCID: PMC9227992 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bacterial biofilm on the surface of tracheostomy tubes (TTs) is a potential reservoir of potentially pathogenic bacteria, including S. aureus. For this reason, our study aimed to investigate biofilm production in vitro and the presence of icaAD and MSCRAMM genes in clinical S. aureus strains derived from TTs, with respect to antibiotic resistance and genetic variability. Methods: The clonality of the S. aureus strains was analyzed by the PFGE method. The assessment of drug resistance was based on the EUCAST recommendations. The isolates were evaluated for biofilm production by the microtiter plate method and the slime-forming ability was tested on Congo red agar (CRA). The presence of icaAD genes was investigated by PCR and MSCRAMM genes were detected by multiplex PCR. Results: A total of 60 patients were enrolled in the study. One TT was obtained from each patient (n = 60). Twenty-one TTs (35%) were colonized with S. aureus. A total of 24 strains were isolated as 3 patients showed colonization with 2 SA clones (as confirmed by PFGE). PFGE showed twenty-two unique molecular profiles. Two isolates (8%) turned out to be MRSA, but 50% were resistant to chloramphenicol, 25% to erythromycin and 8% to clindamycin (two cMLSB and four iMLSB phenotypes were detected). The microtiter plate method with crystal violet confirmed that 96% of the strains were biofilm formers. Representative strains were visualized by SEM. All isolates had clfAB, fnbA, ebpS and icaAD. Different MSCRAMM gene combinations were observed. Conclusions: the present study showed that the S. aureus isolated from the TTs has a high diversity of genotypes, a high level of antibiotic resistance and ability to produce biofilm.
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Zhou B, Ye Q, Chen M, Li F, Xiang X, Shang Y, Wang C, Zhang J, Xue L, Wang J, Wu S, Pang R, Ding Y, Wu Q. Novel species-specific targets for real-time PCR detection of four common pathogenic Staphylococcus spp. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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10
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Skiba-Kurek I, Nowak P, Empel J, Tomczak M, Klepacka J, Sowa-Sierant I, Żak I, Pomierny B, Karczewska E. Evaluation of Biofilm Formation and Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolated from Neonates with Sepsis in Southern Poland. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070877. [PMID: 34358027 PMCID: PMC8308537 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis strains play an important role in nosocomial infections, especially in the ones associated with biofilm formation on medical devices. The paper was aimed at analyzing the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and confirming the biofilm-forming ability among S. epidermidis strains isolated from the blood of hospitalized newborns. Genetic analysis of resistance mechanism determinants included multiplex PCR detection of mecA, ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, and mef genes. Biofilm analysis comprised phenotypic and genotypic methods including Christensen and Freeman methods and PCR detection of the icaADB gene complex. Among the tested S. epidermidis strains, 89% of the isolates were resistant to methicillin, 67%—to erythromycin, 53%—to clindamycin, 63%—to gentamicin, and 23%—to teicoplanin, while all the strains were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. The mecA gene was detected in 89% of the isolates, the ermC gene was the most common and present among 56% of the strains, while the msrA gene was observed in 11% isolates. Eighty-five percent of the strains were described as biofilm-positive by phenotypic methods and carried the icaADB gene cluster. Multidrug resistance and the biofilm-forming ability in most of the strains tested may contribute to antimicrobial therapy failure (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Skiba-Kurek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (I.S.-K.); (P.N.)
| | - Paweł Nowak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (I.S.-K.); (P.N.)
| | - Joanna Empel
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34 Street, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland; (J.E.); (M.T.)
| | - Magdalena Tomczak
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34 Street, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland; (J.E.); (M.T.)
| | - Joanna Klepacka
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Children’s Hospital of Krakow, Wielicka 256 Street, 30-663 Krakow, Poland; (J.K.); (I.S.-S.); (I.Ż.)
| | - Iwona Sowa-Sierant
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Children’s Hospital of Krakow, Wielicka 256 Street, 30-663 Krakow, Poland; (J.K.); (I.S.-S.); (I.Ż.)
| | - Iwona Żak
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Children’s Hospital of Krakow, Wielicka 256 Street, 30-663 Krakow, Poland; (J.K.); (I.S.-S.); (I.Ż.)
| | - Bartosz Pomierny
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Karczewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (I.S.-K.); (P.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +481-2620-5750; Fax: +481-2620-5758
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11
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Kim HR, Shin DS, Jang HI, Eom YB. Anti-biofilm and anti-virulence effects of zerumbone against Acinetobacter baumannii. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2021; 166:717-726. [PMID: 32463353 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen that affects patients with a compromised immune system and is becoming increasingly important as a hospital-derived infection. This pathogen is difficult to treat owing to its intrinsic multidrug resistance and ability to form antimicrobial-tolerant biofilms. In the present study, we aimed to assess the potential use of zerumbone as a novel anti-biofilm and/or anti-virulence agent against A. baumannii. The results showed that zerumbone at sub-inhibitory doses decreased biofilm formation and disrupted established A. baumannii biofilms. The zerumbone-induced decrease in biofilm formation was dose-dependent based on the results of microtitre plate biofilm assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy. In addition, our data validated the anti-virulence efficacy of zerumbone, wherein it significantly interfered with the motility of A. baumannii. To support these phenotypic results, transcriptional analysis revealed that zerumbone downregulated the expression of biofilm- and virulence-associated genes (adeA, adeB, adeC and bap) in A. baumannii. Overall, our findings suggested that zerumbone might be a promising bioactive agent for the treatment of biofilm- and virulence-related infections caused by multidrug-resistant A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Rim Kim
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Seul Shin
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-In Jang
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bin Eom
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
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12
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Gajda M, Załugowicz E, Pomorska-Wesołowska M, Bochenek T, Gryglewska B, Romaniszyn D, Chmielarczyk A, Wójkowska-Mach J. Virulence and Drug-Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Venous Ulcers in Polish Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094662. [PMID: 33925700 PMCID: PMC8124697 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Infected chronic venous ulcers (VUs) represent a major health problem. We analysed the aerobic microbiome in the VUs, the virulence, and drug-resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) strains. Swabs from 143 outpatients and inpatients Polish subjects were collected. SA strains were tested for drug sensitivity using a phenotyping method and for methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance using PCR. We analysed virulence genes, the genetic similarity of strains, and performed Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing and Staphylococcal protein A typing. SA was isolated as a single one in 34.9% of cases, 31.5% paired with another pathogen, and 33.6% S. aureus combined with at least two other strains. The majority of SA isolates (68.5%) possessed the virulence lukE gene. Drug resistance was significantly common in hospitalised than in ambulatory patients (OR 3.8; 95%CI 1.8–7.91). MLSB (altogether in 19.6% isolates) were observed mostly in non-hospitalised patients (OR 9.1; 95%CI 1.17–71.02), while MRSA was detected in 11.9% of strains equally. Hospitalisation and patient’s age group (aged > 78.0 or < 54.5 years) were significant predictors of the multi-drug resistant SA (MDR-SA). Over 30% of the infected VUs were associated with multi-species biofilms and presence of potentially highly pathogenic microorganisms. Elderly hospitalised patients with chronic venous ulcers are prone to be infected with a MDR-SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Gajda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (D.R.); (A.C.); (J.W.-M.)
- Doctoral School of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-530 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-633-25-67
| | | | - Monika Pomorska-Wesołowska
- Department of Microbiology, Analytical and Microbiological Laboratory of Ruda Śląska KORLAB NZOZ, 41-703 Ruda Śląska, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Bochenek
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-066 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Barbara Gryglewska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-531 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Dorota Romaniszyn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (D.R.); (A.C.); (J.W.-M.)
| | - Agnieszka Chmielarczyk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (D.R.); (A.C.); (J.W.-M.)
| | - Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (D.R.); (A.C.); (J.W.-M.)
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13
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Gismondi A, Di Marco G, Redi EL, Ferrucci L, Cantonetti M, Canini A. The antimicrobial activity of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. essential oil against Staphylococcus species in a hospital environment. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Rahim MA, Seo H, Kim S, Jeong YK, Tajdozian H, Kim M, Lee S, Song HY. A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of α-Viniferin in Staphylococcus aureus - Specific Decolonization without Depleting the Normal Microbiota of Nares. Pol J Microbiol 2021; 70:117-130. [PMID: 33815533 PMCID: PMC8008767 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2021-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is currently a significant multidrug-resistant bacterium, causing severe healthcare-associated and community-acquired infections worldwide. The current antibiotic regimen against this pathogen is becoming ineffective due to resistance, in addition, they disrupt the normal microbiota. It highlights the urgent need for a pathogen-specific drug with high antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus. α-Viniferin, a bioactive phytochemical compound, has been reported to have excellent anti-Staphylococcus efficacy as a topical agent. However, so far, there were no clinical trials that have been conducted to elucidate its efficacy. The present study aimed to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of α-viniferin against S. aureus in a ten-day clinical trial. Based on the results, α-viniferin showed 50% minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC50 values) of 7.8 μg/ml in culture broth medium. α-Viniferin was administered in the nares three times a day for ten days using a sterile cotton swab stick. Nasal swab specimens were collected before (0 days) and after finishing the trial (10th day), and then analyzed. In the culture and RT-PCR-based analysis, S. ureus was reduced significantly: 0.01. In addition, 16S ribosomal RNA-based amplicon sequencing analysis showed that S. aureus reduced from 51.03% to 23.99% at the genus level. RNA-seq analysis was also done to gain insights into molecular mechanisms of α-viniferin against S. aureus, which revealed that some gene groups were reduced in 5-fold FC cutoff at two times MIC conditions. The study results demonstrate α-viniferin as a potential S. aureus-specific drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdur Rahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonhee Seo
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyung Kim
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hanieh Tajdozian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijung Kim
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Saebim Lee
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Asan, Republic of Korea
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15
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Delfani S, Rezaei F, Soroush S, Shakib P. The Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) Analysis and Biofilm Formation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus cohnii Isolated from Clinical Samples in Tehran, Iran. RECENT PATENTS ON ANTI-INFECTIVE DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 16:PRI-EPUB-114068. [PMID: 33568036 DOI: 10.2174/1574891x16666210210101912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci is responsible for hospital and community-acquired infections. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic-resistance patterns, antibiotic-resistance genes, namely, ermA, ermB, ermC, blaZ, msrA, tetK, tetM, mup, and vanA, biofilm formation, and prevalence of different SCCmec types among the Staphylococcus cohniistrains isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran. METHODS In this study,S. cohniiisolates were screened from the clinical samples from March 2012 to February 2013 in Tehran, Iran.Antimicrobial susceptibility test and inducible clindamycin resistance were evaluated by disc diffusion method, andresistance genes were examined using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays. Then, biofilm formation assay was analyzed by Microtiter-plate test to detect the icaA and icaDgenes. The SCCmec and the Arginine Catabolite Mobile Element (ACME) typing were performed using the PCRmethod. RESULTS FromtwentyS. cohnii, all isolates were resistant to cefoxitin. 95% of the S. cohnii was defined as multidrug resistance (MDR)strains. The ermB, ermC, and vanA genes were not detected in any isolates; however, the blaZ gene had the highest frequency.95% of the S. cohnii isolates produced biofilm. Also, 4 SCCmec types, including V, IV, III+ (C2), VIII+ (AB1), were identified. Therefore, the majority of SCCmec were untypable. Based on the ACME typing, arcA and opp3 genes were positive in 13 (65%) and 1 (5%) isolates, respectively. CONCLUSION Due to the high antimicrobial resistance and the spread of untypableSCCmecamong the isolates studied, the control and treatment of methicillin-resistantS. cohnii in hospitals and public health centers is a significant concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Delfani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad. Iran
| | - Faranak Rezaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad. Iran
| | - Setareh Soroush
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad. Iran
| | - Pegah Shakib
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad. Iran
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16
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Yuan H, Zhao H, Peng K, Qi R, Bai H, Zhang P, Huang Y, Lv F, Liu L, Bao J, Wang S. Conjugated Polymer-Quantum Dot Hybrid Materials for Pathogen Discrimination and Disinfection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:21263-21269. [PMID: 31825194 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new platform for pathogen discrimination and killing based on a conjugated polymer-quantum dot hybrid material was designed and constructed through the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process. The hybrid material comprises water-soluble anionic CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) and a cationic poly(fluorene-alt-phenylene) derivative (PFP) through electrostatic interactions, thus promoting efficient FRET between PFP and QDs. Upon addition of different pathogen strains, the FRET from PFP to QDs was interrupted because of the competitive binding between PFP and the pathogens. Complexation of PFP and QDs also reduced the dark toxicity to a more desirable level, therefore potentially realizing the controllable killing of pathogens. The technique provides a promising theranostic platform in pathogen discrimination and disinfection based on FRET and phototoxicity of the PFP and QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ke Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ruilian Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fengting Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Libing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianchun Bao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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17
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Species and drug susceptibility profiles of staphylococci isolated from healthy children in Eastern Uganda. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229026. [PMID: 32053668 PMCID: PMC7018018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci are a key component of the human microbiota, and they mainly colonize the skin and anterior nares. However, they can cause infection in hospitalized patients and healthy individuals in the community. Although majority of the Staphylococcus aureus strains are coagulase-positive, some do not produce coagulase, and the isolation of coagulase-positive non-S. aureus isolates in humans is increasingly being reported. Therefore, sound knowledge of the species and characteristics of staphylococci in a given setting is important, especially isolates from children and immunocompromised individuals. The spectrum of Staphylococcus species colonizing children in Uganda is poorly understood; here, we aimed to determine the species and characteristics of staphylococci isolated from children in Eastern Uganda. Seven hundred and sixty four healthy children less than 5 years residing in Iganga and Mayuge districts in Eastern Uganda were enrolled. A total of 513 staphylococci belonging to 13 species were isolated from 485 children (63.5%, 485/764), with S. aureus being the dominant species (37.6%, 193/513) followed by S. epidermidis (25.5%, 131/513), S. haemolyticus (2.3%, 12/513), S. hominis (0.8%, 4/513) and S. haemolyticus/lugdunensis (0.58%, 3/513). Twenty four (4.95%, 24/485) children were co-colonized by two or more Staphylococcus species. With the exception of penicillin, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates were low; all isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid and daptomycin. The prevalence of methicillin resistance was 23.8% (122/513) and it was highest in S. haemolyticus (66.7%, 8/12) followed by S. aureus (28.5%, 55/193) and S. epidermidis (23.7%, 31/131). The prevalence of multidrug resistance was 20.3% (104/513), and 59% (72/122) of methicillin resistant staphylococci were multidrug resistant. Four methicillin susceptible S. aureus isolates and a methicillin resistant S. scuiri isolate were mupirocin resistant (high-level). The most frequent AMR genes were mecA, vanA, ant(4')-Ia, and aac(6')-Ie- aph(2'')-Ia, pointing to presence of AMR drivers in the community.
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18
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Peixoto PB, Massinhani FH, Netto Dos Santos KR, Chamon RC, Silva RB, Lopes Correa FE, Barata Oliveira CDCH, Oliveira AG. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates with reduced vancomycin susceptibility from bloodstream infections in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:41-45. [PMID: 31789588 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Vancomycin has become the first-line therapy for most infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococci.Aim. To evaluate the vancomycin MIC, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types and clonality of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates recovered from neonates with true primary bloodstream infections (BSI).Methodology. CoNS isolates were prospectively recovered from blood cultures of non-repetitive patients admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in a tertiary-care hospital during a 3-year period. BSI was defined based on established criteria. Micro-organisms were identified phenotypically and by PCR. MIC-values for vancomycin and oxacillin were determined by broth dilution method and E-test. The SCCmec type conferring methicillin resistance was determined by multiplex PCR. The heterogeneous vancomycin (hV) resistance phenotype was screened on brain heart infusion agar containing 4 µg ml-1 of vancomycin. The clonality was investigated by PFGE.Results. Seventy-four CoNS isolates were recovered from blood cultures of neonates during the study period but only 40 (54 %) were associated with true primary BSI. Nine (22.5%) babies died. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most prevalent species (95 %; 38/40). All S. epidermidis isolates were methicillin-resistant (MR). SCCmec type IV was predominant (55.3 %; 21/38). Most (80.0 %; 32/38) isolates exhibited vancomycin MIC-values of 2-4 µg ml-1 not associated with the SCCmec type or clonality. Sixteen (42.1%) isolates displayed hV resistance. All babies who died were harbouring MR-S. epidermidis exhibiting vancomycin MICs of 2-4 µg ml-1.Conclusion. The findings of this study demonstrated that blood invasive MR-S. epidermidis isolates recovered at NICU tend to show decreased vancomycin susceptibility making therapy of those fragile patients difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Borges Peixoto
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Henrique Massinhani
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Raiane Cardoso Chamon
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Beatriz Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fábio Ederson Lopes Correa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Gonçalves Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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19
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Kłos M, Pomorska-Wesołowska M, Romaniszyn D, Chmielarczyk A, Wójkowska-Mach J. Epidemiology, Drug Resistance, and Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Ocular Infections in Polish Patients. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 68:541-548. [PMID: 31880897 PMCID: PMC7260701 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2019-056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) ocular infections and virulence factors of the isolates with a special emphasis on their drug resistance, and the ability of biofilm formation. In a period from 2009 to 2013, 83 isolates of SA were prospectively collected and preserved in a multicenter laboratory-based study carried out in southern Poland. Epidemiological, phenotypic, and genotypic analyses were performed. The resistance and virulence genes were analyzed. Screening for the biofilm formation was provided. Among the materials derived from ocular infections from 456 patients, SA was found in 18.2% (n = 83) of cases (one SA isolate per one patient). Most infections were identified in the age group of over 65 years (OR 8.4 95%CI; 1.03-68.49). The majority of patients (73.4%) were hospitalized. Among the virulence and resistance genes, the most frequently detected were the lukE (72.2%, n = 60) and ermA (15.6%, n = 13) genes. A positive result of the CRA test (the ability of biofilm formation) was found in 66.2% (n = 55) of isolates. Among the strains under study, 6.0% (n = 5) had the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus phenotype, and 26.5% (n = 22) had the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B phenotype. In 48 (57.8%) isolates the neomycin resistance was revealed. All isolates under study were sensitive to vancomycin. The population most susceptible to ocular SA infections consists of hospitalized patients aged 65 and more. The SA strains under study showed the increased ability to biofilm formation. In the strains tested, high susceptibility to chloramphenicol and fluoroquinolones was demonstrated. However, the high level of drug resistance to neomycin detected in this study among SA isolates and the blood-ocular barrier makes it difficult to treat ocular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kłos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College , Kraków , Poland
| | | | - Dorota Romaniszyn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College , Kraków , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chmielarczyk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College , Kraków , Poland
| | - Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College , Kraków , Poland
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Barreiros Mota I, Marques C, Faria A, Neto MT, Cordeiro-Ferreira G, Virella D, Pita A, Pereira-da-Silva L, Calhau C. Colonisation of the proximal intestinal remnant in newborn infants with enterostomy: a longitudinal study protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028916. [PMID: 31767579 PMCID: PMC6886948 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gut microbiota plays a main role in the maintenance of host's health. Exposure to different conditions in early life contributes to distinct 'pioneer' bacterial communities in the intestine, which shape the newborn infant development. Newborn infants with congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract (CMGIT), necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) and spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) commonly require abdominal surgery and enterostomy. The knowledge about the colonisation of these newborns' intestine by microorganisms is scarce. This protocol is designed to explore the microbial colonisation over time of the proximal intestinal remnant in newborn infants who underwent surgery for CMGIT, NEC or SIP and require enterostomy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The literature about microbiota colonisation in newborn infants with enterostomy was reviewed and an observational, longitudinal, prospective study was designed. The infants will be recruited at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central. Samples of the enterostomy effluent will be collected every 3 days, through 21 days after the first collection. The microorganisms colonising the proximal intestinal remnant will be identified using the 16S rRNA sequence analysis and a subset of microorganisms will be quantified using real-time PCR. This protocol may serve as basis for future observational and interventional studies on the modulation of the intestinal microbiota (eg, probiotics) on short and long-term outcomes in this population. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central (441/2017) and by the Ethics Committee of NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (n°50/2018/CEFCM). The results will be spread through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at international scientific meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03340259.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Barreiros Mota
- Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Marques
- Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Faria
- Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Neto
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
- Medicine of Woman, Childhood and Adolescence, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Cordeiro-Ferreira
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel Virella
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Pita
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira-da-Silva
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
- Medicine of Woman, Childhood and Adolescence, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
- Unidade Universitária Lifestyle Medicine, José de Mello Saúde by NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
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21
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Wagner Mackenzie B, Baker J, Douglas RG, Taylor MW, Biswas K. Detection and quantification of Staphylococcus in chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2019; 9:1462-1469. [PMID: 31483577 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sinonasal microbiota has been implicated in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) pathogenesis, particularly related to the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus epidermidis is also prevalent within the sinonasal microbiota and may inhibit S. aureus colonization. We investigated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer pairs for measuring absolute abundances of S. aureus and S. epidermidis, then compared bacterial community composition and absolute abundances of these species between CRS patients and controls. METHODS Six candidate Staphylococcus species-specific primer pairs were tested in silico and in vitro against pure bacterial isolates. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) for absolute quantification of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and overall bacterial load were assessed in 40 CRS (CRS without nasal polyposis [CRSsNP] = 22, CRS with nasal polyposis [CRSwNP] = 18) patients and 14 controls. Amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) bacterial gene were conducted to investigate community composition. RESULTS Primer pairs targeting the gmk gene of S. aureus and nrd gene from S. epidermidis were the most specific and sensitive primers. S. aureus (CRSsNP = 81.8% occurrence, CRSwNP = 83%, control = 92.9%) and S. epidermidis (CRSsNP = 95.5%, CRSwNP = 100%, control = 92.9%) were very prevalent, as indicated by qPCR results. Both CRSsNP and CRSwNP had significantly (p < 0.05) higher bacterial load when compared with controls (p < 0.05 for both). No significant correlation was observed between S. aureus and S. epidermidis abundances (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Bacterial community sequencing detected Staphylococcus-assigned sequences in nearly all patients; however, it could not differentiate between S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Here, we present primer pairs that can distinguish between these species. We report a very high prevalence of S. aureus in both CRS patients and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesse Baker
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard G Douglas
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael W Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kristi Biswas
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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22
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Detection of the mecA gene and identification of Staphylococcus directly from blood culture bottles by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Braz J Infect Dis 2018; 22:99-105. [PMID: 29548778 PMCID: PMC9428231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus spp. - both S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) and coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) - are relevant agents of healthcare-associated infections. Therefore, the rapid recognition of MRSA and methicillin-resistant CoNS from blood stream infections is critically important for patient management. It is worth noting that inappropriate empiric therapy has been associated with higher in-hospital mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study we evaluated a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR) standardized to detect Staphylococcus spp., S. aureus, and mecA gene-encoded oxacillin resistance directly from blood culture bottles. A total of 371 blood cultures with Gram-positive microorganisms confirmed by Gram-stain were analyzed. Results from multiplex PCR were compared to phenotypic characterization of isolates. RESULTS Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 85 (23.0%) blood cultures and CoNS in 286 (77.0%). There was 100% agreement between phenotypic and multiplex PCR identification. Forty-three (50.6%) of the 85 S. aureus carried the mecA gene and among the 286 CoNS, 225 (78.7%) were positive for the mecA gene. CONCLUSIONS The multiplex PCR assay developed here was found to be sensitive, specific, rapid, and showed good agreement with the phenotypic results besides being less expensive. This PCR method could be used in clinical laboratories for rapid identification and initiation of specific and effective treatment, reducing patient mortality and morbidity. Furthermore, this method may reduce misuse of antimicrobial classes that are more expensive and toxic, thus contributing to the selection of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus spp.
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Ehlers MM, Strasheim W, Lowe M, Ueckermann V, Kock MM. Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus epidermidis Implicated in Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections at an Academic Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:417. [PMID: 29563910 PMCID: PMC5845871 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the most prevalent pathogens implicated in catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) at an academic hospital in Pretoria, South Africa. Little is known about the clonality and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in S. epidermidis (e.g., icaAB, IS256, mecA, and qacA/B). A total of 508 intravascular catheters (IVCs) from 331 patients were submitted for culture from May to October 2013. Only 50% (n = 253/508) of the IVCs were accompanied by blood cultures (BCs) taken within 48 h. Forty-four percent (44%; n = 112/253) of IVCs were colonised, of which 26% (n = 65/253) were associated with a CRBSI. We identified S. epidermidis as the causal agent in 31% (n = 20/65) of the CRBSI cases. Fifty-nine S. epidermidis isolates were obtained, 23 isolates were cultured from 22 IVCs and 36 isolates were cultured from 36 BCs. All S. epidermidis isolates were resistant to β-lactams (100%; n = 59/59), followed by high levels of resistance toward erythromycin (86%; n = 51/59) and gentamicin (81%; n = 49/59). The mecA gene was prevalent in all the (100%, n = 59/59) isolates. Isolates contained the IS256 element (83%, n = 49/59), the icaAB gene (81%, n = 48/59) and, the qacA/B gene (81%, n = 48/59). All 48 isolates were qacA positive upon restriction enzyme digestion of the qacA/B amplicons. Phenotypic resistance toward 0.5% (m/v) chlorhexidine was not observed. Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome (SCC) mec typing showed that SCCmec type IV (31%; n = 18/59) was the most prevalent. The remaining SCCmec elements were highly diverse. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed that S. epidermidis isolates from individual patients were mostly clonal. Multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) of 10 sequenced isolates showed that sequence type (ST) 2 (40%; n = 4/10) was the most frequently detected, followed by ST54 (20%; n = 2/10), ST28 (10%; n = 1/10), ST59 (10%; n = 1/10) and ST490 (10%; 1/10). One isolate was newly assigned to ST596. These S. epidermidis infections can be attributed to patients' skin microflora or to poor infection control practices. Currently, S. epidermidis strains circulating in the studied hospital are multidrug-resistant and highly adaptive to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthie M Ehlers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Wilhelmina Strasheim
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michelle Lowe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Veronica Ueckermann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marleen M Kock
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa
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Khan IUH, Cloutier M, Libby M, Lapen DR, Wilkes G, Topp E. Enhanced Single-tube Multiplex PCR Assay for Detection and Identification of Six Arcobacter Species. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:1522-1532. [PMID: 28960631 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM A single-tube multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay was developed for rapid, sensitive and simultaneous detection and identification of six Arcobacter species including two new species, A. lanthieri and A. faecis, along with A. butzleri, A. cibarius, A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii on the basis of differences in the lengths of their PCR products. Previously designed monoplex, mPCR and RFLP assays do not detect or differentiate A. faecis and A. lanthieri from other closely related known Arcobacter spp. METHODS AND RESULTS Primer pairs for each target species (except A. skirrowii) and mPCR protocol were newly designed and optimized using variable regions of housekeeping including cpn60, gyrA, gyrB and rpoB genes. The accuracy and specificity of the mPCR assay was assessed using DNA templates from six targets and 11 other Arcobacter spp. as well as 50 other bacterial reference species and strains. Tests on the DNA templates of target Arcobacter spp. were appropriately identified, whereas all 61 other DNA templates from other bacterial species and strains were not amplified. Sensitivity and specificity of the mPCR assay was 10 pg μl-1 of DNA concentration per target species. The optimized assay was further evaluated, validated and compared with other mPCR assays by testing Arcobacter cultures isolated from various faecal and water sources. CONCLUSIONS Study results confirm that the newly developed mPCR assay is rapid, accurate, reliable, simple, and valuable for the simultaneous detection and routine diagnosis of six human- and animal-associated Arcobacter spp. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The new mPCR assay is useful not only for pure but also mixed cultures. Moreover, it has the ability to rapidly detect six species which enhances the value of this technology for aetiological and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I U H Khan
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre (ORDC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - M Cloutier
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre (ORDC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - M Libby
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre (ORDC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - D R Lapen
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre (ORDC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - G Wilkes
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre (ORDC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - E Topp
- London Research and Development Centre (LRDC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
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Rodrigues AC, Belas A, Marques C, Cruz L, Gama LT, Pomba C. Risk Factors for Nasal Colonization by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci in Healthy Humans in Professional Daily Contact with Companion Animals in Portugal. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 24:434-446. [PMID: 28922060 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS), namely Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), are opportunistic agents of great importance in human and veterinary medicine. The aims of this study were to investigate the frequency, persistence, and risk factors associated with nasal colonization by MRS in people in daily contact with animals in Portugal. Seventy-nine out of 129 (61.2%) participants were found to be colonized by, at least, one methicillin-resistant (MR) staphylococci species (MR Staphylococcus epidermidis [n = 68], MRSA [n = 19], MR Staphylococcus haemolyticus [n = 7], MRSP [n = 2], and other coagulase-negative staphylococci [n = 4]). Three lineages were identified among the MRSA isolates (n = 7): the major human healthcare clone in Portugal (ST22-t032-IV, n = 3), the livestock-associated MRSA (ST398-t108-V, n = 3), and the New York-/Japan-related clone (ST105-t002-II, n = 1). MRSP isolates belonged to the European clone ST71-II-III. We identified two risk factors for nasal colonization by MRS in healthy humans: (i) being a veterinary professional (veterinarian and veterinary nurse) (p < 0.0001, odds ratio [OR] = 6.369, 95% confidence interval [CI, 2.683-15.122]) and (ii) have contacted with one MRSA- or MRSP-positive animal (p = 0.0361, OR = 2.742, 95% CI [1.067-7.045]). The follow-up study revealed that the majority (85%) remain colonized. This study shows that MRS in veterinary clinical practice is a professional hazard and highlights the need to implement preventive measures to minimize spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Rodrigues
- 1 Laboratory of Antimicrobial and Biocide Resistance, CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV-UL) , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adriana Belas
- 1 Laboratory of Antimicrobial and Biocide Resistance, CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV-UL) , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cátia Marques
- 1 Laboratory of Antimicrobial and Biocide Resistance, CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV-UL) , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Cruz
- 2 Hospital Veterinário das Laranjeiras , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís T Gama
- 3 Animal Genetic Resources, CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV-UL) , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Constança Pomba
- 1 Laboratory of Antimicrobial and Biocide Resistance, CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV-UL) , Lisbon, Portugal
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26
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Różańska A, Chmielarczyk A, Romaniszyn D, Bulanda M, Walkowicz M, Osuch P, Knych T. Antibiotic resistance, ability to form biofilm and susceptibility to copper alloys of selected staphylococcal strains isolated from touch surfaces in Polish hospital wards. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017; 6:80. [PMID: 28815023 PMCID: PMC5556671 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the employment of sanitary regimes, contact transmission of the aetiological agents of hospital infections is still exceedingly common. The issue of microbe transmission becomes particularly important when facing multidrug-resistant microorganisms such as methicillin-resistant staphylococci. In the case of deficiencies in cleaning and disinfection procedures, hospital equipment made of copper alloys can play an important role, complementing traditional hospital hygiene procedures. The objective of this study was to characterize staphylococcal strains isolated from touch surfaces in Polish hospital wards in terms of their drug resistance, ability to form biofilm and susceptibility to antimicrobial activity of copper alloys. METHODS The materials for the study were 95 staphylococcal strains isolated from touch surfaces in 13 different hospital wards from Małopolska province (the south of Poland). Phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance were checked for erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and mupirocin. Biofilm formation ability for the tested strains was checked with the use of culture on Congo red agar. Susceptibility to copper, tin bronze, brass and new silver was tested using a modification of the Japanese standard. RESULTS Over 67% of the analysed staphylococcal strains were methicillin-resistant (MR). Four strains were resistant to all of the tested antibiotics, and 14 were resistant to all except mupirocin. Strains classified as MR had significantly increased resistance to the remaining antibiotic groups. About one-third of the analysed strains revealed biofilm-forming ability. Among the majority of species, biofilm-forming and non-biofilm-forming strains were distributed evenly; in the case of S. haemolyticus only, negative strains accounted for 92.8%. Susceptibility to copper alloys was different between strains and rather lower than in the case of the SA strain selected for comparison. CONCLUSIONS Coagulase-negative staphylococci, the most commonly isolated in Polish hospital wards, should not be neglected as an infection risk factor due their high antibiotic resistance. Our experiments confirmed that touch surfaces made of copper alloys may play an important role in eliminating bacteria from the hospital environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Różańska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Czysta str. 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chmielarczyk
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Czysta str. 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Romaniszyn
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Czysta str. 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bulanda
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Czysta str. 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Walkowicz
- Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, Department of Metal Working and Physical Metallurgy of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Osuch
- Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, Department of Metal Working and Physical Metallurgy of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Knych
- Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, Department of Metal Working and Physical Metallurgy of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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27
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Pomorska-Wesołowska M, Chmielarczyk A, Chlebowicz M, Ziółkowski G, Szczypta A, Natkaniec J, Romaniszyn D, Pobiega M, Dzikowska M, Krawczyk L, Kozioł J, Wójkowska-Mach J. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bloodstream infections and pneumonia in Southern Poland. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 11:100-104. [PMID: 28754460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Staphylococcus aureus remains the most important cause of infections in hospitals and long-term care facilities. The aim of this study was to analyse the resistance, virulence, and epidemiological and genetic relationships of S. aureus from bloodstream infections (BSIs) and pneumonia from patients in Southern Poland. METHODS All strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion method. Etest was also performed for vancomycin, teicoplanin, tigecycline, oxacillin, cefoxitin and penicillin. PCR amplification was used to detect selected virulence genes. The genetic similarity of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates was determined by spa typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Using the BURP algorithm and the Ridom SpaServer database, spa types were clustered into different clonal complexes (spa-CCs). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS MRSA strains were observed at a prevalence of 26.7%, but 88.6% of hospital-acquired infections were MRSA, with no difference between BSIs and pneumonia. The highest resistance was observed to erythromycin and tobramycin. None of the strains were resistant to linezolid, glycopeptides or tigecycline. The strains had no significant virulence factors and the number of virulence genes present did not correlate with the degree of drug resistance. PFGE typing showed relatively high diversity of strains. The majority of isolates belonged to spa type t003 (CC5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pomorska-Wesołowska
- Department of Microbiology, Analytical and Microbiological Laboratory of Ruda Slaska KORLAB NZOZ, Ruda Slaska, Poland
| | | | - Monika Chlebowicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Unit, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anna Szczypta
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Natkaniec
- Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Romaniszyn
- Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Pobiega
- Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mirosława Dzikowska
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lech Krawczyk
- Higher School of Medicine in Sosnowiec, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Kozioł
- Poland Institute of Dentistry, Department of Dental Prophylaxis and Experimental Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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28
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Chmielarczyk A, Pomorska-Wesołowska M, Szczypta A, Romaniszyn D, Pobiega M, Wójkowska-Mach J. Molecular analysis of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different types of infections from patients hospitalized in 12 regional, non-teaching hospitals in southern Poland. J Hosp Infect 2017; 95:259-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Effects of Total Alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides on Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4020715. [PMID: 27413745 PMCID: PMC4930803 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4020715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) is an opportunistic pathogen with low pathogenicity and a cause of the repeated outbreak of bovine mastitis in veterinary clinical settings. In this report, a biofilm model of S. epidermidis was generated and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and sub-MIC (SMIC) on bacterial cultures were assessed for the following agents: total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides (TASA), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and erythromycin (ERY). The formation and characteristic parameters of biofilm were analyzed in terms of XTT assay, silver staining, and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Results showed that a sub-MIC of TASA could inhibit 50% biofilm of bacterial activity, while 250-fold MIC of CIP and ERY MICs only inhibited 50% and 47% of biofilm formation, respectively. All three agents could inhibit the biofilm formation at an early stage, but TASA showed a better inhibitory effect on the late stage of biofilm thickening. A morphological analysis using CLSM further confirmed the destruction of biofilm by these agents. These results thus suggest that TASA has an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of clinic S. epidermidis, which may be a potential agent warranted for further study on the treatment prevention of infection related to S. epidermidis in veterinary clinic.
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30
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Cui Z, Ojaghian M, Tao Z, Kakar K, Zeng J, Zhao W, Duan Y, Vera Cruz C, Li B, Zhu B, Xie G. Multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of six major bacterial pathogens of rice. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1357-67. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Institute of Biotechnology; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - M.R. Ojaghian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Institute of Biotechnology; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Z. Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Institute of Biotechnology; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - K.U. Kakar
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Institute of Biotechnology; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - J. Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Institute of Biotechnology; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - W. Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine; Beijing China
| | - Y. Duan
- USDA-ARS-USHRL; Fort Pierce FL USA
| | - C.M. Vera Cruz
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division; International Rice Research Institute; Metro Manila Philippines
| | - B. Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Institute of Biotechnology; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - B. Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Institute of Biotechnology; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation; College of Life Science; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University; Hangzhou China
| | - G. Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; Institute of Biotechnology; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
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31
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Mottola C, Semedo-Lemsaddek T, Mendes JJ, Melo-Cristino J, Tavares L, Cavaco-Silva P, Oliveira M. Molecular typing, virulence traits and antimicrobial resistance of diabetic foot staphylococci. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:33. [PMID: 26952716 PMCID: PMC4782296 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a major chronic disease that continues to increase significantly. One of the most important and costly complications of diabetes are foot infections that may be colonized by pathogenic and antimicrobial resistant bacteria, harboring several virulence factors, that could impair its successful treatment. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent isolate in diabetic foot infections, together with aerobes and anaerobes. METHODS In this study, conducted in the Lisbon area, staphylococci isolated (n = 53) from diabetic foot ulcers were identified, genotyped and screened for virulence and antimicrobial resistance traits. Genetic relationship amongst isolates was evaluated by pulsed-field-gel-electrophoresis with further multilocus sequence typing of the identified pulsotypes. PCR was applied for detection of 12 virulence genes and e-test technique was performed to determine minimal inhibitory concentration of ten antibiotics. RESULTS Among the 53 isolates included in this study, 41 Staphylococcus aureus were identified. Staphylococcal isolates were positive for intercellular adhesins icaA and icaD, negative for biofilm associated protein bap and pantone-valentine leucocidin pvl. S. aureus quorum sensing genes agrI and agrII were identified and only one isolate was positive for toxic shock syndrome toxin tst. 36 % of staphylococci tested were multiresistant and higher rates of resistance were obtained for ciprofloxacin and erythromycin. Clonality analysis revealed high genomic diversity and numerous S. aureus sequence types, both community- and hospital-acquired, belonging mostly to clonal complexes CC5 and C22, widely diffused in Portugal nowadays. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that diabetic foot ulcer staphylococci are genomically diverse, present resistance to medically important antibiotics and harbour virulence determinants. These properties suggest staphylococci can contribute to persistence and severity of these infections, leading to treatment failure and to the possibility of transmitting these features to other microorganisms sharing the same niche. In this context, diabetic patients may become a transmission vehicle for microorganisms' clones between community and clinical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Mottola
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Semedo-Lemsaddek
- BioFIG, Centro para a Biodiversidade, Genómica Integrativa e Funcional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - João J Mendes
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Santa Marta/Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Rua de Santa Marta, 1169-024, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - José Melo-Cristino
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Microbiologia, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Luís Tavares
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Cavaco-Silva
- TechnoPhage, S.A., Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1600-190, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Via Alternativa ao Monte de Caparica, 2829-511, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Couto N, Monchique C, Belas A, Marques C, Gama LT, Pomba C. Trends and molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in clinical staphylococci isolated from companion animals over a 16 year period. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:1479-87. [PMID: 26944924 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the evolution of resistance to antimicrobials, corresponding mechanisms and molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus spp., between 1999 and 2014. METHODS Susceptibility to 38 antimicrobials was determined for 632 clinical staphylococcal isolates obtained from companion animals (dogs, cats, horses and other animals). Twenty antimicrobial resistance genes, including mecA and mecC, were screened by PCR. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci were characterized by spa (Staphylococcus aureus), SCCmec, MLST and PFGE typing. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS v9.3 and differences were considered relevant if P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS The mecA gene was identified in 74 staphylococcal isolates (11.6%): 11 MRSA (40.7%), 40 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP; 8.7%) and 23 methicillin-resistant CoNS (26.7%). Resistance to the majority of antimicrobials and the number of mecA-positive isolates increased significantly over time. Eighteen spa types were identified, including two new ones. MRSA isolates were divided into three PFGE clusters that included ST22-IV, ST105-II, ST398-V and ST5-VI. Most methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates were of clonal complex (CC) 5, including a new ST, and clustered in eight PFGE clusters. MRSP were grouped into five PFGE clusters and included ST45-NT, ST71-II-III, ST195-III, ST196-V, ST339-NT, ST342-IV and the new ST400-III. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus clustered in two PFGE clusters. CONCLUSIONS The significant increase in antimicrobial-resistant and mecA-positive isolates in recent years is worrying. Furthermore, several isolates are MDR, which complicates antimicrobial treatment and increases the risk of transfer to humans or human isolates. Several clonal lineages of MRSA and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis circulating in human hospitals and the community were found, suggesting that companion animals can become infected with and contribute to the dissemination of highly successful human clones. Urgent measures, such as determination of clinical breakpoints and guidelines for antimicrobial use, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Couto
- Antimicrobial and Biocide Resistance Laboratory, CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa (FMV-UL), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Monchique
- Antimicrobial and Biocide Resistance Laboratory, CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa (FMV-UL), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Adriana Belas
- Antimicrobial and Biocide Resistance Laboratory, CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa (FMV-UL), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cátia Marques
- Antimicrobial and Biocide Resistance Laboratory, CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa (FMV-UL), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís T Gama
- Animal Genetic Resources, CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa (FMV-UL), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Constança Pomba
- Antimicrobial and Biocide Resistance Laboratory, CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa (FMV-UL), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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Murugesan S, Perumal N, Mahalingam SP, Dilliappan SK, Krishnan P. Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and its Associated SCCmec Types among Nasal Carriage of Methicillin Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci from Community Settings, Chennai, Southern India. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:DC01-5. [PMID: 26435940 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/11733.6307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was designed to find the distribution of SCCmec types and the various antibiotic resistance genes amongst MR-CoNS isolates from asymptomatic individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 145 nasal swabs were collected from asymptomatic healthy individuals from community settings. Identification and speciation of CoNS were done by standard biochemical methods. Screening of methicillin resistance (mecA gene) and detection of various antibiotic resistant genes were done using multiplex PCR method. SCCmec types (I - V) were determined using multiplex PCR. RESULTS 50 (44.6%) isolates were found to be methicillin resistant both by cefoxitin method and multiplex PCR. S. epidermidis (40%) was the predominant species followed by S. haemolyticus (28%), S. hominis (20%) and S. warneri (12%). Highest resistance was shown for cotrimoxazole (26%), followed by ciprofloxacin (24%), tetracycline (20%), erythromycin (18%), fusidic acid (10%) and mupirocin (6%). Among SCCmec types, 44 isolates showed single type, including type I (30%), type IV (24%), type II (18%), type V (14%) and type III (2%). 6 isolates showed two types, III+IV (n= 2), II+V (n=2), IV+V (n=1) and type I+V (n=1). CONCLUSION In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in India to study the distribution of antibiotic resistant genes and SCCmec types among MR-CoNS from community settings. This study highlights high prevalence of MR-CoNS in community and its role in harbouring genetically diverse SCCmec elements as antibiotic resistance determinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Murugesan
- Research Scholar, Department of Microbiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras , Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Nagaraj Perumal
- Research Scholar, Department of Microbiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras , Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Surya Prakash Mahalingam
- Project Trainee, Department of Microbiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras , Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Selva Kumar Dilliappan
- Project Trainee, Department of Microbiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras , Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Padma Krishnan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras , Taramani, Chennai, India
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Okolie CE, Wooldridge KG, Turner DP, Cockayne A, James R. Development of a new pentaplex real-time PCR assay for the identification of poly-microbial specimens containing Staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococci, with simultaneous detection of staphylococcal virulence and methicillin resistance markers. Mol Cell Probes 2015; 29:144-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Romaniszyn D, Różańska A, Wójkowska-Mach J, Chmielarczyk A, Pobiega M, Adamski P, Helwich E, Lauterbach R, Borszewska-Kornacka M, Gulczyńska E, Kordek A, Bulanda M. Epidemiology, antibiotic consumption and molecular characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus infections--data from the Polish Neonatology Surveillance Network, 2009-2012. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:169. [PMID: 25888217 PMCID: PMC4389670 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-0890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our aim was to determine and characterize S. aureus (SA) isolated from infections in newborns for antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, genotypes, epidemiology and antibiotic consumption. Methods Prospective surveillance of infections was conducted. Data about antibiotic treatment were analyzed. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed. PCR amplification was used to detect resistance and virulence genes. Typing methods such as PFGE, spa-typing and SCCmec were used. Results SA was found to be associated with 6.5% of infections. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 32.8% of SA-infections. An incidence of MRSA-infections was 1.1/1000 newborns. MRSA-infections were diagnosed significantly earlier than MSSA-infections in these newborns (14th day vs. 23rd day (p = 0.0194)). MRSA-infections increased the risk of newborn’s death. Antibiotic consumption in both group was similar, but a high level of glycopeptides-usage for MSSA infections was observed. In the MRSA group, more strains were resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin and amikacin than in the MSSA group. Hla gene was present in 93.9% of strains, and seg and sei in 65.3% of strains, respectively. One dominant clone was found among the 14 MRSA isolates. Fifteen strains belonging to SCCmec type IV were spa-t015 and one strain belonging to SCCmec type V was spa-t011. Conclusions Results obtained in the study point at specific epidemiological situation in Polish NICU (more detailed studies are recommended). High usage of glycopeptides in the MSSA infections treatment indicates the necessity of antimicrobial stewardship improvement and introducing molecular screening for early identification of infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-015-0890-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Romaniszyn
- Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Street, Kracow, 31-121, Poland.
| | - Anna Różańska
- Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Street, Kracow, 31-121, Poland.
| | - Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach
- Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Street, Kracow, 31-121, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Chmielarczyk
- Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Street, Kracow, 31-121, Poland.
| | - Monika Pobiega
- Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Street, Kracow, 31-121, Poland.
| | - Paweł Adamski
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ewa Helwich
- Clinic of Neonatology and Intensive Neonatal Care, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Lauterbach
- Clinic of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | | | - Ewa Gulczyńska
- Clinic of Neonatology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kordek
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Bulanda
- Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Street, Kracow, 31-121, Poland.
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Andersson DI, Hughes D. Microbiological effects of sublethal levels of antibiotics. Nat Rev Microbiol 2014; 12:465-78. [DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro3270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 986] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Romaniszyn D, Pobiega M, Wójkowska-Mach J, Chmielarczyk A, Gryglewska B, Adamski P, Heczko PB, Ochońska D, Bulanda M. The general status of patients and limited physical activity as risk factors of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus occurrence in long-term care facilities residents in Krakow, Poland. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:271. [PMID: 24885020 PMCID: PMC4038375 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from long-term care facilities (LTCF) residents and to analyze the potential risk factors for MRSA occurrence, defined as MRSA colonization and/or infection. Methods Point prevalence (PPS) and prospective incidence continuous study (CS) was carried out on a group of 193 residents in 2009-2010. Results Overall MRSA occurred (with or without infection) among 17.6% of residents. There was 16 cases of infections with SA aetiology, of which 10 (58.8%) were caused by MRSA. The MRSA prevalence in PPS was 12.9%, in CS infection incidence rate was 5.2%. Factors associated with MRSA occurrence were: general status of patients, limited physical activity, wound infections (odds ratio, OR 4.6), ulcers in PPS (OR 2.1), diabetes (OR 1.6), urinary catheterization (OR 1.6) and stool incontinence (OR 1.2). Conclusions Our data indicate a need for screening of MRSA before hospitalization or transfer to rehabilitation centres, especially in a group of residents with limitations in physical activity – i.e. with the highest risk of MRSA. Results also suggest the need for contact precautions in patients with high risk of MRSA occurrence, only. Focus on the high-risk population might be a solution for the cost-effective surveillance.
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Wang Y, Yin Y, Zhang C. Selective cultivation and rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus by computer vision. J Food Sci 2014; 79:M399-406. [PMID: 24517232 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this paper, we developed a selective growth medium and a more rapid detection method based on computer vision for selective isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus from foods. The selective medium consisted of tryptic soy broth basal medium, 3 inhibitors (NaCl, K2 TeO3 , and phenethyl alcohol), and 2 accelerators (sodium pyruvate and glycine). After 4 h of selective cultivation, bacterial detection was accomplished using computer vision. The total analysis time was 5 h. Compared to the Baird-Parker plate count method, which requires 4 to 5 d, this new detection method offers great time savings. Moreover, our novel method had a correlation coefficient of greater than 0.998 when compared with the Baird-Parker plate count method. The detection range for S. aureus was 10 to 10(7) CFU/mL. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Our new, rapid detection method for microorganisms in foods has great potential for routine food safety control and microbiological detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin Univ, 5988 Renmin St., Changchun, 130025, China; Inst. of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1363 Caiyu St., Changchun, 130033, China
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Brzychczy-Wloch M, Borszewska-Kornacka M, Gulczynska E, Wojkowska-Mach J, Sulik M, Grzebyk M, Luchter M, Heczko PB, Bulanda M. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in multi-drug resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from invasive infection in very low birth weight neonates in two Polish NICUs. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2013; 12:41. [PMID: 24359473 PMCID: PMC3898809 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-12-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-drug resistant coagulaso-negative staphylococci (CNS) have become an increasing problem in nosocomial infections connected with the presence of medical devices. The paper aimed to analyze the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in CNS isolated from invasive infection in very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates. METHODS Continuous prospective target surveillance of infections was conducted in 2009 at two Polish NICUs that participated in the Polish Neonatology Surveillance Network (PNSN). The study covered 386 neonates with VLBW (≤1500 g), among which 262 cases of invasive infection were detected with predominance of CNS (123; 47%). Altogether, 100 CNS strains were analyzed. The resistance phenotypes were determined according to EUCAST. Resistance genes: mecA, ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, aac(6')/aph(2''), ant(4')-Ia and aph(3')-IIIa were detected using multiplex PCR. RESULTS The most common species was S. epidermidis (63%), then S. haemolyticus (28%) and other CNS (9%). Among S. epidermidis, 98% of isolates were resistant to methicillin, 90% to erythromycin, 39% to clindamycin, 95% to gentamicin, 60% to amikacin, 36% to ofloxacin, 2% to tigecycline, 3% to linezolid and 13% to teicoplanin. Among S. haemolyticus isolates, 100% were resistant to methicillin, erythromycin and gentamicin, 18% to clindamycin, 50% to amikacin, 86% to ofloxacin, 14% to tigecycline and 4% to teicoplanin. No resistance to linezolid was detected for S. haemolyticus isolates. Moreover, all isolates of S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus were susceptible to vancomycin. The mecA gene was detected in 98% of S. epidermidis isolates and all of S. haemolyticus ones. Among macrolide resistance isolates, the ermC was most common in S. epidermidis (60%) while msrA was prevalent in S. haemolyticus (93%). The ermC gene was indicated in all isolates with cMLSB, whereas mrsA was found in isolates with MSB phenotype. Of the aminoglycoside resistance genes, aac(6')/aph(2'') were present alone in 83% of S. epidermidis, whereas aac(6')/aph(2'') with aph(3')-IIIa were predominant in 84% of S. haemolyticus. CONCLUSIONS Knowing the epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of CNS isolated from invasive infection in VLBW neonates is a key step in developing targeted prevention strategies and reducing antibiotic consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Brzychczy-Wloch
- Department of Bacteriology, Microbial Ecology and Parasitology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta Street 18, 31-121, Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | - Jadwiga Wojkowska-Mach
- Department of Bacteriology, Microbial Ecology and Parasitology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta Street 18, 31-121, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Monika Grzebyk
- Department of Bacteriology, Microbial Ecology and Parasitology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta Street 18, 31-121, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Luchter
- Department of Bacteriology, Microbial Ecology and Parasitology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta Street 18, 31-121, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr B Heczko
- Department of Bacteriology, Microbial Ecology and Parasitology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta Street 18, 31-121, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Bulanda
- Department of Epidemiology of Infection, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Seixas R, Santos JP, Bexiga R, Vilela CL, Oliveira M. Short communication: Antimicrobial resistance and virulence characterization of methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolates from bovine mastitis cases in Portugal. J Dairy Sci 2013; 97:340-4. [PMID: 24239071 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) have already been reported as mastitis agents. Such bacterial species are a public health concern, and the characterization of their antimicrobial resistance and virulence profile is important to better control their dissemination. The present work evaluated the distribution of methicillin-resistance among 204 staphylococci from clinical (n=50) and subclinical (n=154) bovine mastitis. The presence ofthe mecA gene was determined by PCR. Phenotypic expression of coagulase, DNase, lipase, gelatinase, hemolytic enzymes, and biofilm production was evaluated. The presence of biofilm-related genes, icaA, icaD, and bap, was also determined. Antimicrobial resistance patterns for aminoglycosides, lincosamides, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, sulphonamides, tetracyclines, and fusidic acid were determined. Nineteen (9.3%) isolates were identified as MRS, and the presence of mecA in these isolates was confirmed by PCR. Virulence factors evaluation revealed that gelatinase was the most frequently detected (94.7%), followed by hemolysins (73.7%) and lipase (68.4%); 84.2% of the MRS isolates produced biofilm and icaA and icaD were detected in almost half of the MRS isolates (52.6%), but all were bap-negative. Resistance against other antimicrobial agents ranged from 0 (fusidic acid, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, enrofloxacin) to 100% (nalidixic acid). Resistance to nalidixic acid and nalidixic acid-tetracycline were the most common antimicrobial resistance profiles (31.6%). This study confirms that despite the low prevalence of MRS, isolates frequently express other virulence traits, especially biofilm, that may represent a serious challenge to clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Seixas
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health (CIISA)/Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J P Santos
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health (CIISA)/Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Bexiga
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health (CIISA)/Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C L Vilela
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health (CIISA)/Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Oliveira
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health (CIISA)/Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the subgingival microflora composition of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with untreated chronic periodontitis and compare them with systemically healthy controls also having untreated chronic periodontitis. METHOD Thirty IBD patients [15 with Crohn's disease (CD) and 15 with ulcerative colitis (UC)] and 15 control individuals participated in the study. All patients had been diagnosed with untreated chronic periodontitis. From every patient, subgingival plaque was collected from four gingivitis and four periodontitis sites with paper points. Samples from the same category (gingivitis or periodontitis) in each patient were pooled together and stored at -70 °C until analysis using a checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique for 74 bacterial species. RESULTS Multiple-comparison analysis showed that the groups differed in bacterial counts for Bacteroides ureolyticus, Campylobacter gracilis, Parvimonas micra, Prevotella melaninogenica, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, and Treponema denticola (P<0.001). CD patients had significantly higher levels of these bacteria than UC patients either in gingivitis or in periodontitis sites (P<0.05). CD patients harbored higher levels of P. melaninogenica, S. aureus, S. anginosus, and S. mutans compared with controls both at gingivitis and at periodontitis sites (P<0.05). UC patients harbored higher levels of S. aureus (P=0.01) and P. anaerobius (P=0.05) than controls only in gingivitis sites. CONCLUSION Our study showed that even with similar clinical periodontal parameters, IBD patients harbor higher levels of bacteria that are related to opportunistic infections in inflamed subgingival sites that might be harmful for the crucial microbe-host interaction.
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Vandecandelaere I, Matthijs N, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Deforce D, Vosters P, De Bus L, Nelis HJ, Depuydt P, Coenye T. Assessment of microbial diversity in biofilms recovered from endotracheal tubes using culture dependent and independent approaches. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38401. [PMID: 22693635 PMCID: PMC3367921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nosocomial infection in mechanically ventilated patients. Biofilm formation is one of the mechanisms through which the endotracheal tube (ET) facilitates bacterial contamination of the lower airways. In the present study, we analyzed the composition of the ET biofilm flora by means of culture dependent and culture independent (16 S rRNA gene clone libraries and pyrosequencing) approaches. Overall, the microbial diversity was high and members of different phylogenetic lineages were detected (Actinobacteria, beta-Proteobacteria, Candida spp., Clostridia, epsilon-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and gamma-Proteobacteria). Culture dependent analysis, based on the use of selective growth media and conventional microbiological tests, resulted in the identification of typical aerobic nosocomial pathogens which are known to play a role in the development of VAP, e.g. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Other opportunistic pathogens were also identified, including Staphylococcus epidermidis and Kocuria varians. In general, there was little correlation between the results obtained by sequencing 16 S rRNA gene clone libraries and by cultivation. Pyrosequencing of PCR amplified 16 S rRNA genes of four selected samples resulted in the identification of a much wider variety of bacteria. The results from the pyrosequencing analysis suggest that these four samples were dominated by members of the normal oral flora such as Prevotella spp., Peptostreptococcus spp. and lactic acid bacteria. A combination of methods is recommended to obtain a complete picture of the microbial diversity of the ET biofilm.
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Tavaria FK, Soares JC, Reis IL, Paulo MH, Malcata FX, Pintado ME. Chitosan: antimicrobial action upon staphylococci after impregnation onto cotton fabric. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 112:1034-41. [PMID: 22380634 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of viable Staphylococcus aureus, which are often found on inflamed skin surfaces, are usually associated with atopic dermatitis. Textiles, owing to their high specific surface area and intrinsic hydrophilicity, retain moisture while also providing excellent environmental conditions for microbial growth and proliferation. Recently, a number of chemicals have been added to textiles, so as to confer antimicrobial activity. AIMS To evaluate the antimicrobial action of chitosan upon selected skin staphylococci. METHODS AND RESULTS We isolated staphylococci from normal skin of 24 volunteers and studied their survival upon contact with chitosan-impregnated cotton fabric. Low and high molecular weight chitosans were used at two concentrations; all four did effectively reduce the growth of some staphylococci (namely Staph. aureus), by up to 5 log cycles, thus unfolding a potential towards control and even prevention of related skin disorders. CONCLUSION Our data suggest an effective, but selective antibacterial action of chitosans towards skin bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The possibility to use a natural biopolymer incorporated in a textile to alleviate and even treat some of the symptoms associated with this skin condition may raise an alternative to existing medical treatments. The selectivity observed prevents full elimination of bacteria from the skin surface, which is an advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- F K Tavaria
- Centro de Biologia e Química Fina (CBQF), Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
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First identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MLST types ST5 and ST45 and SCCmec types IV and Vt by multiplex PCR during an outbreak in a respiratory care ward in central Taiwan. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 70:175-82. [PMID: 21596221 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We used molecular typing methods to investigate an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in a respiratory care ward in Taiwan. From March to June 2006, the incidence of MRSA infection increased 3.75-fold. The overall carrier rates among the health care workers (HCWs) were 31.3% (total S. aureus), 16.4% (MRSA), and 14.9% (methicillin-sensitive SA, MSSA). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), antibiograms derived from susceptibility testing of MRSA isolates, and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) provided strong epidemiologic and microbiologic evidence that the outbreak of MRSA infections at our hospital was linked to the same PFGE pulsotype A SCCmec type II, pvl-negative, MLST ST5 strain of MRSA isolated from seven HCWs and five patients. The outbreak was controlled by application of topical fucidin ointment to the anterior nares in all colonized HCWs. Multiplex PCR combined with PFGE and MLST is a feasible method for outbreak investigations in routine clinical laboratories.
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