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Chen SR, Chen LH, Pan L, Wang B. Application of luminescent Photobacterium Phosphoreum T3 for the detection of zearalenone and estimating the efficiency of their enzymatic degradation. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38857317 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2363397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN), a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin, causes enormous economic losses in the food and feed industries. Simple, rapid, low-cost, and quantitative analysis of ZEN is particularly urgent in the fields of food safety and animal husbandry. Using the bioluminescent bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum T3, we propose a bioluminescence inhibition assay to evaluate ZEN levels quickly. The limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and quantitative working range of this bioluminescence inhibition assay were 0.1 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL, and 5-100 µg/mL, respectively. The concentration-response curve of the bioluminescence inhibition rate and ZEN concentration was plotted within the range 5 to 100 μg/mL, as follows: y = 0.0069x2 - 0.0190x + 7.9907 (R2 = 0.9943, y is luminescence inhibition rate, x is ZEN concentration). First, we used the bioluminescence inhibition assay to detect the remaining ZEN in samples treated with purified lactonohydrolase ZHD101. The bioluminescence inhibition assay results showed a strong correlation with the HPLC analysis. Furthermore, we successfully evaluated the overall toxicity of samples treated with purified peroxidase Prx and H2O2 using the P. phosphoreum T3 bioluminescence inhibition assay. The results indicate that the degradation products of ZEN created by purified peroxidase Prx and H2O2 showed little toxicity to P. phosphoreum T3. In this study, a simple, rapid, and low-cost assay method of zearalenone by bioluminescent P. phosphoreum T3 was developed. The bioluminescence inhibition assay could be used to estimate the efficiency of enzymatic degradation of ZEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Rong Chen
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Hong Chen
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Pan
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Fu X, Lin K, Zhang X, Guo Z, Kang L, Li A. Identification, heterologous expression and characterization of a new unspecific peroxygenase from Marasmius fiardii PR-910. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:33. [PMID: 38647936 PMCID: PMC10992195 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) are glycosylated enzymes that provide an efficient method for oxyfunctionalizing a variety of substrates using only hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the oxygen donor. However, their poor heterologous expression has hindered their practical application. Here, a novel UPO from Marasmius fiardii PR910 (MfiUPO) was identified and heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris. By employing a two-copy expression cassette, the protein titer reached 1.18 g L-1 in a 5 L bioreactor, marking the highest record. The glycoprotein rMfiUPO exhibited a smeared band in the 40 to 55 kDa range and demonstrated hydroxylation, epoxidation and alcohol oxidation. Moreover, the peroxidative activity was enhanced by 150% after exposure to 50% (v/v) acetone for 40 h. A semi-preparative production of 4-OH-β-ionone on a 100 mL scale resulted in a 54.2% isolated yield with 95% purity. With its high expression level, rMfiUPO is a promising candidate as an excellent parental template for enhancing desirable traits such as increased stability and selectivity through directed evolution, thereby meeting the necessary criteria for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, #368 Youyi Road, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Sun Z, Fang Y, Zhu Y, Tian W, Yu J, Tang J. Biotransformation of zearalenone to non-estrogenic compounds with two novel recombinant lactonases from Gliocladium. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:75. [PMID: 38454365 PMCID: PMC10921726 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA) produced by toxigenic fungi is widely present in cereals and its downstream products. The danger of ZEA linked to various human health issues has attracted increasing attention. Thus, powerful ZEA-degrading or detoxifying strategies are urgently needed. Biology-based detoxification methods are specific, efficient, and environmentally friendly and do not lead to negative effects during cereal decontamination. Among these, ZEA detoxification using degrading enzymes was documented to be a promising strategy in broad research. Here, two efficient ZEA-degrading lactonases from the genus Gliocladium, ZHDR52 and ZHDP83, were identified for the first time. This work studied the degradation capacity and properties of ZEA using purified recombinant ZHDR52 and ZHDP83. RESULTS According to the ZEA degradation study, transformed Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) PLySs cells harboring the zhdr52 or zhdp83 gene could transform 20 µg/mL ZEA within 2 h and degrade > 90% of ZEA toxic derivatives, α/β-zearalanol and α/β-zearalenol, within 6 h. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that the optimal pH was 9.0 for ZHDR52 and ZHDP83, and the optimum temperature was 45 °C. The purified recombinant ZHDR52 and ZHDP83 retained > 90% activity over a wide range of pH values and temperatures (pH 7.0-10.0 and 35-50 °C). In addition, the specific activities of purified ZHDR52 and ZHDP83 against ZEA were 196.11 and 229.64 U/mg, respectively. The results of these two novel lactonases suggested that, compared with ZHD101, these two novel lactonases transformed ZEA into different products. The slight position variations in E126 and H242 in ZDHR52/ZEA and ZHDP83/ZEA obtained via structural modelling may explain the difference in degradation products. Moreover, the MCF-7 cell proliferation assay indicated that the products of ZEA degradation using ZHDR52 and ZHDP83 did not exhibit estrogenic activity. CONCLUSIONS ZHDR52 and ZHDP83 are alkali ZEA-degrading enzymes that can efficiently and irreversibly degrade ZEA into non-estrogenic products, indicating that they are potential candidates for commercial application. This study identified two excellent lactonases for industrial ZEA detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongping Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Anhui, Fuyang, 236037, China
- The Anhui Agricultural University's Comprehensive Experimental Station in the Northwest of Anhui Province, Linquan Modern Agricultural Technology Cooperation and Extension Service Center, Anhui, Linquan, 236400, China
| | - Yuting Fang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Anhui, Fuyang, 236037, China
| | - Yaohuan Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Anhui, Fuyang, 236037, China
| | - Wen Tian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Anhui, Fuyang, 236037, China
| | - Junjie Yu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Anhui, Fuyang, 236037, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Anhui, Fuyang, 236037, China.
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Fang J, Sheng L, Ye Y, Ji J, Sun J, Zhang Y, Sun X. Recent advances in biosynthesis of mycotoxin-degrading enzymes and their applications in food and feed. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-17. [PMID: 38108665 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2294166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi in food and feed, which can cause serious health problems. Bioenzymatic degradation is gaining increasing popularity due to its high specificity, gentle degradation conditions, and environmental friendliness. We reviewed recently reported biosynthetic mycotoxin-degrading enzymes, traditional and novel expression systems, enzyme optimization strategies, food and feed applications, safety evaluation of both degrading enzymes and degradation products, and commercialization potentials. Special emphasis is given to the novel expression systems, advanced optimization strategies, and safety considerations for industrial use. Over ten types of recombinases such as oxidoreductase and hydrolase have been studied in the enzymatic hydrolysis of mycotoxins. Besides traditional expression system of Escherichia coli and yeasts, these enzymes can also be expressed in novel systems such as Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria. To meet the requirements of industrial applications in terms of degradation efficacy and stability, genetic engineering and computational tools are used to optimize enzymatic expression. Currently, registration and technical difficulties have restricted commercial application of mycotoxin-degrading enzymes. To overcome these obstacles, systematic safety evaluation of both biosynthetic enzymes and their degradation products, in-depth understanding of degradation mechanisms and a comprehensive evaluation of their impact on food and feed quality are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpei Fang
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Lina Sheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Yongli Ye
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Jian Ji
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Jiadi Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Yinzhi Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Yixing, Jiangsu, P.R China
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5
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Gari J, Abdella R. Degradation of zearalenone by microorganisms and enzymes. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15808. [PMID: 37601268 PMCID: PMC10434127 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by fungi that may cause serious health problems in humans and animals. Zearalenone is a secondary metabolite produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium, widely exists in animal feed and human food. One concern with the use of microbial strains and their enzyme derivatives for zearalenone degradation is the potential variability in the effectiveness of the degradation process. The efficiency of degradation may depend on various factors such as the type and concentration of zearalenone, the properties of the microbial strains and enzymes, and the environmental conditions. Therefore, it is important to carefully evaluate the efficacy of these methods under different conditions and ensure their reproducibility. Another important consideration is the safety and potential side effects of using microbial strains and enzymes for zearalenone degradation. It is necessary to evaluate the potential risks associated with the use of genetically modified microorganisms or recombinant enzymes, including their potential impact on the environment and non-target organisms. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the degradation products are indeed harmless and do not pose any health risks to humans or animals. Furthermore, while the use of microbial strains and enzymes may offer an environmentally friendly and cost-effective solution for zearalenone degradation, it is important to explore other methods such as physical or chemical treatments as well. These methods may offer complementary approaches for zearalenone detoxification, and their combination with microbial or enzyme-based methods may improve overall efficacy. Overall, the research on the biodegradation of zearalenone using microorganisms and enzyme derivatives is promising, but there are important considerations that need to be addressed to ensure the safety and effectiveness of these methods. Development of recombinant enzymes improves enzymatic detoxification of zearalenone to a non-toxic product without damaging the nutritional content. This review summarizes biodegradation of zearalenone using microorganisms and enzyme derivatives to nontoxic products. Further research is needed to fully evaluate the potential of these methods for mitigating the impact of mycotoxins in food and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiregna Gari
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Technology, Ambo University, Ambo, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Rahma Abdella
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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6
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Liu X, Wu N, Zhang M, Xue F, Xu Q. Isolation and Characterization of the Zearalenone-Degrading Strain, Bacillus spizizenii B73, Inspired by Esterase Activity. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:488. [PMID: 37624245 PMCID: PMC10467065 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a widespread mycotoxin found in grain and feed, presenting a serious threat to animal and human health. This study investigated the ability of the novel strain B73, isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil, to detoxify ZEN. B73 was identified as Bacillus spizizenii through physiological and biochemical tests, and further confirmed based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and the complete genome sequence. B. spizizenii B73 was capable of degrading up to 99.3% of ZEN at a concentration of 10 μg/mL in a minimal medium (pH = 7.0) within 8 h at 37 °C via HPLC-UV. In addition, B. spizizenii B73 was used to treat ZEN-contaminated wheat bran, dried distillers grains (DDGS), and corn meal, whereby the respective degradation rates reached 96.32%, 98.73%, and 80.31% after 36 h of treatment. HPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS analysis revealed one of the degradation products to have the formula C17H24O4. B. spizizenii B73 is a novel strain isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil, and the extracellular enzymes secreted by this strain show a remarkable ability to degrade ZEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Na Wu
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Feng Xue
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Qing Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
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7
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Lyu Z, Yang P, Lei J, Zhao J. Biological Function of Antimicrobial Peptides on Suppressing Pathogens and Improving Host Immunity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1037. [PMID: 37370356 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant genes and concerns about food safety caused by the overuse of antibiotics are becoming increasingly prominent. There is an urgent need for effective alternatives to antibiotics in the fields of livestock production and human medicine. Antimicrobial peptides can effectively replace antibiotics to kill pathogens and enhance the immune functions of the host, and pathogens cannot easily produce genes that are resistant to them. The ability of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to kill pathogens is associated with their structure and physicochemical properties, such as their conformation, electrical charges, hydrophilicity, and hydrophobicity. AMPs regulate the activity of immunological cells and stimulate the secretion of inflammatory cytokines via the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. However, there are still some limitations to the application of AMPs in the fields of livestock production and human medicine, including a restricted source base, high costs of purification and expression, and the instability of the intestines of animals and humans. This review summarizes the information on AMPs as effective antibiotic substitutes to improve the immunological functions of the host through suppressing pathogens and regulating inflammatory responses. Potential challenges for the commercial application of AMPs in animal husbandry and human medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Lyu
- Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian Lei
- Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, China
- Qingyuan Haibei BIO-TECH Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 511853, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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8
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Statsyuk NV, Popletaeva SB, Shcherbakova LA. Post-Harvest Prevention of Fusariotoxin Contamination of Agricultural Products by Irreversible Microbial Biotransformation: Current Status and Prospects. BIOTECH 2023; 12:biotech12020032. [PMID: 37218749 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological degradation of mycotoxins is a promising environmentally-friendly alternative to chemical and physical detoxification methods. To date, a lot of microorganisms able to degrade them have been described; however, the number of studies determining degradation mechanisms and irreversibility of transformation, identifying resulting metabolites, and evaluating in vivo efficiency and safety of such biodegradation is significantly lower. At the same time, these data are crucial for the evaluation of the potential of the practical application of such microorganisms as mycotoxin-decontaminating agents or sources of mycotoxin-degrading enzymes. To date, there are no published reviews, which would be focused only on mycotoxin-degrading microorganisms with the proved irreversible transformation of these compounds into less toxic compounds. In this review, the existing information about microorganisms able to efficiently transform the three most common fusariotoxins (zearalenone, deoxinyvalenol, and fumonisin B1) is presented with allowance for the data on the corresponding irreversible transformation pathways, produced metabolites, and/or toxicity reduction. The recent data on the enzymes responsible for the irreversible transformation of these fusariotoxins are also presented, and the promising future trends in the studies in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Statsyuk
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, 143050 Bolshie Vyazemy, Russia
| | - Sophya B Popletaeva
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, 143050 Bolshie Vyazemy, Russia
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9
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Wang H, Lu Z, Lin X, Wang M, Jiang T, Zhao G, Xv J, Jiang S, Zhang G. The N-terminal hydrophobicity modulates a distal structural domain conformation of zearalenone lacton hydrolase and its application in protein engineering. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 165:110195. [PMID: 36764030 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is one of the most common mycotoxins in maize, wheat, barley, sorghum, rye and other grains. ZEN contamination in feed is an international health issue due to its estrogenicity by competitively binding to estrogen receptors. Enzymatic detoxification of ZEN is superior to physical and chemical methods in terms of safety, environmental impact and preserving nutritional value and palatability, but is hampered by both the currently limited repertoire of detoxifying enzymes and the lack of knowledge about their structure-function relationships. In this study, a ZEN lacton hydrolase candidate (ZHD11C) was identified from thermo-tolerant Fonsecaea multimorphosa CBS 102226, and characterized to be more thermostable than these reported homologues. An intriguing feature of ZHD11C is that the N-terminal hydrophobicity affects its thermal stability and causes conformational change of a domain far from the N-terminal. This finding was successfully applied to enhance the thermostability of the most active ZEN lacton hydrolase ZHD518 through rationally tailoring its N-terminal hydrophobicity. Our results not only provide more insights into the structure-function relationships of ZEN lacton hydrolases, but generate better candidate for bio-decontamination of zearalenone in feed industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixing Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianzhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhan Xv
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guimin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Li K, Jia J, Xu Q, Wu N. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenomic analyses of a novel zearalenone-degrading Bacillus subtilis B72. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:103. [PMID: 36866327 PMCID: PMC9971418 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03517-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus strain B72 was previously isolated as a novel zearalenone (ZEN) degradation strain from the oil field soil in Xinjiang, China. The genome of B72 was sequenced with a 400 bp paired-end using the Illumina HiSeq X Ten platform. De novo genome assembly was performed using SOAPdenovo2 assemblers. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that B72 is closely related to the novel Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) strain DSM 10. A phylogenetic tree based on 31 housekeeping genes, constructed with 19 strains closest at the species level, showed that B72 was closely related to B. subtilis 168, B. licheniformis PT-9, and B. tequilensis KCTC 13622. Detailed phylogenomic analysis using average nucleotide identity (ANI) and genome-to-genome distance calculator (GGDC) demonstrated that B72 might be classified as a novel B. subtilis strain. Our study demonstrated that B72 could degrade 100% of ZEN in minimal medium after 8 h of incubation, which makes it the fastest degrading strain to date. Moreover, we confirmed that ZEN degradation by B72 might involve degrading enzymes produced during the initial period of bacterial growth. Subsequently, functional genome annotation revealed that the laccase-encoding genes yfiH (gene 1743) and cotA (gene 2671) might be related to ZEN degradation in B72. The genome sequence of B. subtilis B72 reported here will provide a reference for genomic research on ZEN degradation in the field of food and feed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03517-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Jianyao Jia
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Qing Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Na Wu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046 China
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11
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Hu J, Wang G, Hou M, Du S, Han J, Yu Y, Gao H, He D, Shi J, Lee YW, Mohamed SR, Dawood DH, Hong Q, Liu X, Xu J. New Hydrolase from Aeromicrobium sp. HA for the Biodegradation of Zearalenone: Identification, Mechanism, and Application. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2411-2420. [PMID: 36701132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is an estrogenic mycotoxin most frequently found in cereals that can cause reproductive disorders in livestock and pose a severe threat to animal husbandry. In this study, we isolated a ZEN-degrading Aeromicrobium strain from soil and found that ZenH, a hydrolase, is responsible for the hydrolysis of ZEN through comparative proteomics and biochemical studies. ZenH exhibited the highest similarity with lactone hydrolase ZHD607 from Phialophora americana at 21.52%. ZenH displayed maximal enzymatic activity at pH 7.0 and 55 °C with a Michaelis constant of 12.64 μM. The catalytic triad of ZenH was identified as S117-D142-H292 by molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis. ZenH catalyzed the hydrolysis of ZEN to a novel metabolite, (S,E)-4-hydroxy-2-(10-hydroxy-6-oxoundec-1-en-1-yl)-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-8-one, which exhibited significantly lower estrogenic toxicity than ZEN. This study illustrates a novel ZEN-degrading enzyme and reveals a new degradation product. Furthermore, the enzyme showed good potential for detoxifying ZEN during food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxuan Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilong Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangguang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianrong Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Won Lee
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sherif Ramzy Mohamed
- Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Tahreer St., Dokki, Giza12411, Egypt
| | - Dawood H Dawood
- Department of Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura35516, Egypt
| | - Qing Hong
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs /Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing210095, People's Republic of China
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12
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Ji J, Yu J, Ye Y, Sheng L, Fang J, Yang Y, Sun X. Biodegradation methods and product analysis of zearalenone and its future development trend: A review. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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13
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Fang Y, Zhang Z, Xu W, Zhang W, Guang C, Mu W. Zearalenone lactonase: characteristics, modification, and application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6877-6886. [PMID: 36173450 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) and its derivatives are one of the most contaminated fungal toxins worldwide, posing a severe threat to food security and human life. Traditional physical and chemical detoxifying methods are unsatisfactory due to incomplete detoxification, nutrient loss, and secondary pollutants. In recent years, bioremediation for eliminating fungal toxins has been gradually investigated. ZEN lactone hydrolase (lactonase) has been widely studied because of its high activity, mild conditions, and non-toxic product property. This review comprehensively represents the gene mining, characterization, molecular modification, and application of microbial-derived ZEN lactonases. It is aimed to elucidate the advantages and challenges of ZEN lactonases in industrial application, which also provides perspectives on obtaining innovative and promising biocatalysts for ZEN degradation. KEY POINTS: • A timely and concise review related to enzymatic elimination towards ZEN is shown. • The catalytic conditions and mechanism of ZEN lactonase is presented. • The modification and application of ZEN lactonase are exhibited also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zhenxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory On Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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14
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Murtaza B, Li X, Dong L, Javed MT, Xu L, Saleemi MK, Li G, Jin B, Cui H, Ali A, Wang L, Xu Y. Microbial and enzymatic battle with food contaminant zearalenone (ZEN). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4353-4365. [PMID: 35705747 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) contamination of various foods and feeds is an important global problem. In some animals and humans, ZEN causes significant health issues in addition to massive economic losses, annually. Therefore, removal or degradation of the ZEN in foods and feeds is required to be done. The conventional physical and chemical methods have some serious issues including poor efficiency, decrease in nutritional value, palatability of feed, and use of costly equipment. Research examined microbes from diverse media for their ability to degrade zearalenone and other toxins, and the findings of several investigations revealed that enzymes produced from microbes play a significant role in the degradation of mycotoxins. In established bacterial hosts, genetically engineered technique was used to enhance heterologously produced degrading enzymes. Then, the bio-degradation of ZEN by the use of micro-organisms or their enzymes is much more advantageous and is close to nature and ecofriendly. Furthermore, an effort is made to put forward the work done by different scientists on the biodegradation of ZEN by the use of fungi, yeast, bacteria, and/or their enzymes to degrade the ZEN to non-toxic products. KEY POINTS: •Evolved microbial strains degraded ZEA more quickly •Different degrading properties were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Murtaza
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China.,Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Liming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | | | - Le Xu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | | | - Gen Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Bowen Jin
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Huijing Cui
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ashiq Ali
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China.,Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Yongping Xu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China. .,Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116600, China.
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15
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Wu N, Gao H, Xu Q, Zhang Z. Characterization and Whole-Genome Analysis of a Zearalenone-Degrading Stappia sp. WLB 29. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:179. [PMID: 35508673 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a widely distributed mycotoxin that frequently contaminates crops and animal feed. Our previous studies showed that a new strain, Stappia sp. WLB 29 with a 97.47% of similarity to Stappia indica B106T, isolated from the soil samples in the rhizosphere of the crops in Xinjiang, was capable of effectively degrading ZEN in minimal medium. In this study, we determined the complete genomic sequence of the Stappia sp. WLB 29 (Genbank accession number: JALBGD000000000; BioProject ID in GenBank is PRJNA814005). The total length of all sequences was 4,745,415 bp with a GC content of 67.08%. Moreover, the genome-wide analysis showed the presence of laccase- and peroxiredoxin-encoding genes in Stappia sp. WLB 29, which may be associated with ZEN degradation. The genome sequence of Stappia sp. WLB 29 reported here will serve as a reference for comparative genomic studies of ZEN degradation in the feed and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huihui Gao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qing Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Urumqi, 830091, China.
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16
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Gao H, Lu D, Xing M, Xu Q, Xue F. Excavation, expression, and functional analysis of a novel zearalenone-degrading enzyme. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:633-640. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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17
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Yang X, Li F, Ning H, Zhang W, Niu D, Shi Z, Chai S, Shan A. Screening of Pig-Derived Zearalenone-Degrading Bacteria through the Zearalenone Challenge Model, and Their Degradation Characteristics. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030224. [PMID: 35324721 PMCID: PMC8952410 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is widely found in food and feed. Its cytotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, genetic toxicity, immunotoxicity and hepatorenal toxicity have serious impacts on human and animal health. In order to help animals avoid ZEN poisoning in feed, ZEN-degrading bacterial strains were screened from fecal samples through a zearalenone challenge pig model, and their degradation characteristics were researched. Through the optimization of parameters such as the culture time, pH value, temperature, and strain concentration, the optimal conditions for the ZEN-degrading ability of these strains were preliminarily determined, and the active site of the ZEN degradation was explored. In this study, three strains (SY-3, SY-14, SY-20) with high ZEN degradation capacities were obtained. SY-3 was identified as Proteus mirabilis, and its main degrading component was the supernatant. SY-14 and SY-20 were identified as Bacillus subtilis. Their main degrading components were the intracellular fluid of SY-14, and the intracellular fluid and cell wall of SY-20. The above results showed that the ZEN challenge model was an effective way to screen ZEN-degrading bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.Y.); (H.N.); (W.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Feng Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.Y.); (H.N.); (W.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hangyi Ning
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.Y.); (H.N.); (W.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.Y.); (H.N.); (W.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Dongyan Niu
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada;
| | - Zhuo Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.Y.); (H.N.); (W.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Sa Chai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.Y.); (H.N.); (W.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (X.Y.); (H.N.); (W.Z.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (A.S.)
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18
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The replacement of main cap domain to improve the activity of a ZEN lactone hydrolase with broad substrate spectrum. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Xia Y, Qiu Y, Wu Z, Cheng Q, Hu X, Cui X, Wang Z. Preparation of recombinant Kluyveromyces lactis agents for simultaneous degradation of two mycotoxins. AMB Express 2022; 12:20. [PMID: 35181837 PMCID: PMC8857372 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01361-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEN) are widely distributed in corns, peanuts, and other cereals, causing serious threat to food safety and human health. As shown by our previous studies, the recombinant yeast strain Kluyveromyces lactis GG799(pKLAC1-ZPF1) had the ability of degrading AFB1 and ZEN simultaneously. In this work, the agent preparation process was optimized for K. lactis GG799(pKLAC1-ZPF1), and the storage conditions of the prepared yeast agents were investigated, for obtaining the products with high storage activities and potent mycotoxin degradation efficiency. The optimal preparation process was as follows: centrifugation at 6000 rpm for 15 min for collection of the yeast cells, spray drying with the ratio of protective compounds to yeast cells at 3:1 (w/w) and then stored at − 20 °C. Simultaneous degradation tests of AFB1 and ZEN were performed using the supernatants of reactivated yeast agents after three months of storage, and the degradation ratios for AFB1 and ZEN in reaction system 1 (70.0 mmol/L malonic buffer, pH 4.5, with 1.0 mmol/L MnSO4, 0.1 mmol/L H2O2, 5.0 μg/mL AFB1 and ZEN, respectively) were 48.2 ± 3.2% and 34.8 ± 2.8%, while that for ZEN in reaction system 2 (50.0 mmol/L Tris–HCl, pH 7.5, with 5.0 μg/mL AFB1 and ZEN, respectively) was 30.1 ± 2.7%. Besides, the supernatants of reactivated yeast agents degraded more than 80% of AFB1 and 55% of ZEN in contaminated peanuts after twice treatments. Results of this work suggested that the optimized process for K. lactis GG799(pKLAC1-ZPF1) was with high value for industrial applications. The recombinant strain K. lactis GG799(pKLAC1-ZPF1) was food-grade and safe for food and feed industry. The preparation processes of the K. lactis GG799(pKLAC1-ZPF1) agents were optimized, and the storage properties were investigated. The culture supernatants of the reactivated yeast agents, rather than the purified enzymes, were used to degrade AFB1 and ZEN in practical samples for reducing the production cost.
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20
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Cloning and Characterization of Three Novel Enzymes Responsible for the Detoxification of Zearalenone. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020082. [PMID: 35202110 PMCID: PMC8879097 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone is a common mycotoxin contaminant in cereals that causes severe economic losses and serious risks to health of human and animals. Many strategies have been devised to degrade ZEN and keep food safe. The hydrolase ZHD101 from Clonostachys rosea, which catalyzes the hydrolytic degradation of ZEN, has been studied widely. In the current research, three new enzymes that have the capacity to detoxify ZEN were identified, namely CLA, EXO, and TRI, showing 61%, 63%, and 97% amino acids identities with ZHD101, respectively. Three coding genes was expressed as heterologous in Escherichia coli BL21. Through biochemical analysis, the purified recombinant CLA, EXO, TRI, and ZHD101 exhibited high activities of degrading ZEN with the specific activity of 114.8 U/mg, 459.0 U/mg, 239.8 U/mg, and 242.8 U/mg. The optimal temperatures of CLA, EXO, TRI, and ZHD101 were 40 °C, 40 °C, 40 °C, and 45 °C, and their optimum pH were 7.0, 9.0, 9.5, and 9.0, respectively. Our study demonstrated that the novel enzymes CLA, EXO, and TRI possessed high ability to degrade ZEN from the model solutions and could be the promising candidates for ZEN detoxification in practical application.
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21
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Liu L, Xie M, Wei D. Biological Detoxification of Mycotoxins: Current Status and Future Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031064. [PMID: 35162993 PMCID: PMC8835436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are highly toxic metabolites produced by fungi that pose a huge threat to human and animal health. Contamination of food and feed with mycotoxins is a worldwide issue, which leads to huge financial losses, annually. Decades of research have developed various approaches to degrade mycotoxins, among which the biological methods have been proved to have great potential and advantages. This review provides an overview on the important advances in the biological removal of mycotoxins over the last decade. Here, we provided further insight into the chemical structures and the toxicity of the main mycotoxins. The innovative strategies including mycotoxin degradation by novel probiotics are summarized in an in-depth discussion on potentialities and limitations. We prospected the promising future for the development of multifunctional approaches using recombinant enzymes and microbial consortia for the simultaneous removal of multiple mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China;
- Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Mei Xie
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China;
| | - Dong Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-8711-3849
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22
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Xia Y, Wu Z, He R, Gao Y, Qiu Y, Cheng Q, Ma X, Wang Z. Simultaneous degradation of two mycotoxins enabled by a fusion enzyme in food-grade recombinant Kluyveromyces lactis. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:62. [PMID: 38650290 PMCID: PMC10991947 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEN) are two predominant mycotoxins ubiquitously found in corn, peanuts, and other grains, which pose a great threat to human health. Therefore, safe and effective methods for detoxification of these mycotoxins are urgently needed. To achieve simultaneous degradation of multiple mycotoxins, a fusion enzyme ZPF1 was constructed by linking zearalenone hydrolase and manganese peroxidase with a linker peptide GGGGS. This fusion enzyme was secretory expressed successfully in the newly constructed food-grade recombinant strain Kluyveromyces lactis GG799(pKLAC1-ZPF1), and was investigated with the mycotoxins degradation efficiency in two reaction systems. Results showed that both AFB1 and ZEN can be degraded by ZPF1 in reaction system 1 (70.0 mmol/L malonic buffer with 1.0 mmol/L MnSO4, 0.1 mmol/L H2O2, 5.0 µg/mL AFB1 and ZEN, respectively) with the ratios of 46.46% and 38.76%, respectively. In reaction system 2 (50.0 mmol/L Tris-HCl, with 5.0 µg/mL AFB1 and ZEN, respectively), AFB1 cannot be degraded while ZEN can be degraded with the ratio of 35.38%. To improve the degradation efficiency of these mycotoxins, optimization of the induction and degradation conditions were fulfilled subsequently. The degradation ratios of AFB1 and ZEN by ZPF1 in reaction system 1 reached 64.11% ± 2.93% and 46.21% ± 3.17%, respectively. While in reaction system 2, ZEN was degraded by ZPF1 at a ratio of 41.45% ± 3.34%. The increases of degradation ratios for AFB1 and ZEN in reaction system 1 were 17.65% and 7.45%, respectively, while that for ZEN in reaction system 2 was 6.07%, compared with the unoptimized results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Zifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Rui He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yahui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yangyu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qianqian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhouping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Yang SB, Zheng HC, Xu JY, Zhao XY, Shu WJ, Li XM, Song H, Ma YH. New Biotransformation Mode of Zearalenone Identified in Bacillus subtilis Y816 Revealing a Novel ZEN Conjugate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7409-7419. [PMID: 34180240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of Bacillus strains have been identified, and the removal capacity of zearalenone (ZEN) was determined; however, they failed to reveal the detoxification mechanism and transformation product. Here, Bacillus subtilis Y816, which could transform 40 mg/L of ZEN within 7 h of fermentation, was identified and studied. First, the biotransformation products of ZEN and 17-β-estradiol (E2) were identified as ZEN-14-phosphate and E2-3-phosphate by HPLC-TOF-MS and NMR, respectively. An intracellular zearalenone phosphotransferase (ZPH) was found through transcriptome sequencing analysis of B. subtilis Y816. The phosphorylated reaction conditions of ZEN by ZPH were further revealed in this work. Furthermore, the phosphorylated conjugates showed reduced estrogenic toxicity compared with their original substances (ZEN and α/β-zearalenol) using an engineered yeast biosensor system. The first report on the phosphorylated conjugated mode of ZEN in B. subtilis Y816 will inspire new perspectives on the biotransformation of ZEN in Bacillus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Bin Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Hong Chen Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jian Yong Xu
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xing Ya Zhao
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Wen Ju Shu
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xiang Ming Li
- Preventive Medicine Department, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China
| | - Hui Song
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yan He Ma
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
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24
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Du C, Zhao X, Song W, He N, Jiang S, Zhou Y, Zhang G. Combined strategies to improve the expression of acidic mammalian chitinase in Pichia pastoris for the production of N, N'-diacetylchitobiose. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Fu X, Xu M, Li T, Li Y, Zhang H, Zhang C. The Improved Expression and Stability of Zearalenone Lactonohydrolase from Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Duan F, Chen J, Yao H, Wang Y, Jia Y, Ling Z, Feng Y, Pan Z, Yin Y, Jiao X. Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of Listeria-based cancer vaccine with codon-optimized HPV16 E7. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:1568-1577. [PMID: 33449866 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1839291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a leading cause of high mortality in women in developing countries and has a serious impact on women's health. Human papilloma virus (HPV) prophylactic vaccines have been produced and may hold promise for reducing the incidence of cervical cancer. However, the limitations of current HPV vaccine strategies make the development of HPV therapeutic vaccines particularly important for the treatment of HPV related lesions. Our previous work has demonstrated that LM4Δhly::E7 was safe and effective in inducing antitumor effect by antigen-specific cellular immune responses and direct killing of tumor cell on a cervical cancer model. In this study, the codon usage effect of a novel Listeria-based cervical cancer vaccine LM4Δhly::E7-1, was evaluated for effects of codon-optimized E7 expression, cellular immune response and therapeutic efficacy in a tumor-bearing murine model. Our data demonstrated that up-regulated expression of E7 was strikingly elevated by codon usage optimization, and thus induced significantly higher Th1-biased immunity, lymphocyte proliferation, and strong specific CTL activity ex-vivo compared with LM4Δhly::E7-treated mice. Furthermore, LM4Δhly::E7-1 enhanced a remarkable therapeutic effect in establishing tumors. Taken together, our results suggest that codon usage optimization is an important consideration in constructing live bacterial-vectored vaccines and is required for promoting effective T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiting Ling
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Youwei Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuelan Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin'An Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, MOA of China, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Huang J, Zhao Q, Chen L, Zhang C, Bu W, Zhang X, Zhang K, Yang Z. Improved production of recombinant Rhizomucor miehei lipase by coexpressing protein folding chaperones in Pichia pastoris, which triggered ER stress. Bioengineered 2020; 11:375-385. [PMID: 32175802 PMCID: PMC7161542 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1738127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) is a biocatalyst that widely used in laboratory and industrial. Previously, RML with a 70-amino acid propeptide (pRML) was cloned and expressed in P. pastoris. Recombinant strains with (strain containing 4-copy prml) and without ER stress (strain containing 2-copy prml) were obtained. However, the effective expression of pRML in P. pastoris by coexpressing ER-related elements in pRML-produced strain with or without ER stress has not been reported to date. In this study, an efficient way to produce functional pRML was explored in P. pastoris. The coexpression of protein folding chaperones, including PDI and ERO1, in different strains with or without ER stress, was investigated. PDI overexpression only increased pRML production in 4-copy strain from 705 U/mL to 1430 U/mL because it alleviated the protein folded stress, increased the protein concentration from 0.56 mg/mL to 0.65 mg/mL, and improved enzyme-specific activity from 1238 U/mg to 2186 U/mg. However, PDI coexpression could not improve pRML production in the 2-copy strain because it increased protein folded stress, while ERO1 coexpression in the two strains all had a negative effect on pRML expression. We also investigated the effect of the propeptide on the substrate specificity and the condition for pRML enzyme powder preparation. Results showed that the relative activity exceeded 80% when the substrates C8–C10 were detected at 35°C and pH 6, and C8–C12 at 45°C and pH 8. The optimal enzyme powder preparation pH was 7, and the maximum recovery rate for pRML was 73.19%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Huang
- The key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyi Zhao
- The key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lingxiao Chen
- The key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- The key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Bu
- The key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kaini Zhang
- The key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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28
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Xu L, Sun X, Wan X, Li H, Yan F, Han R, Li H, Li Z, Tian Y, Liu X, Kang X, Wang Y. Identification of a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H6 Thioesterase Involved in Zearalenone Detoxification by Transcriptomic Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10071-10080. [PMID: 32815728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium graminearum, induces hyperestrogenic responses in mammals and can cause reproductive disorders in farm animals. In this study, a transcriptome analysis of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H6, which was previously identified as a ZEA-degrading bacterium, was conducted with high-throughput sequencing technology, and the differentially expressed genes were subjected to gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Among the 16 upregulated genes, BAMF_RS30125 was predicted to be the key gene responsible for ZEA degradation. The protein encoded by BAMF_RS30125 was then expressed in Escherichia coli, and this recombinant protein (named ZTE138) significantly reduced the ZEA content, as determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and decreased the proliferating activity of ZEA in MCF-7 cells. What is more, the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) results showed that the relative molecular mass and the structure of ZEA also changed. Sequence alignment of the ZTE138 protein showed that it is a protease that belongs to the YBGC/FADM family of coenzyme A thioesterases, and thus, the protein can presumably cleave the ZEA lactone bond and break down its macrolide ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laipeng Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xiangli Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xianhua Wan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Fengbin Yan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ruili Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhuanjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Song W, Zhang N, Yang M, Zhou Y, He N, Zhang G. Multiple strategies to improve the yield of chitinase a from Bacillus licheniformis in Pichia pastoris to obtain plant growth enhancer and GlcNAc. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:181. [PMID: 32933546 PMCID: PMC7493387 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitinase and chitin-oligosaccaride can be used in multiple field, so it is important to develop a high-yield chitinase producing strain. Here, a recombinant Pichia pastoris with 4 copies of ChiA gene from Bacillus licheniformis and co-expression of molecular chaperon HAC1 was constructed. The amount of recombinant ChiA in the supernatant of high-cell-density fermentation reaches a maximum of 12.7 mg/mL, which is 24-fold higher than that reported in the previous study. The recombinant ChiA can hydrolyze 30% collodidal chitin with 74% conversion ratio, and GlcNAc is the most abundant hydrolysis product, followed by N, N′-diacetylchitobiose. Combined with BsNagZ, the hydrolysate of ChiA can be further transformed into GlcNAc with 88% conversion ratio. Additionally, the hydrolysate of ChiA can obviously accelerate the germination growth of rice and wheat, increasing the seedling height and root length by at least 1.6 folds within 10 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Nuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Mo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yuling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Nisha He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Guimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Shcherbakova L, Rozhkova A, Osipov D, Zorov I, Mikityuk O, Statsyuk N, Sinitsyna O, Dzhavakhiya V, Sinitsyn A. Effective Zearalenone Degradation in Model Solutions and Infected Wheat Grain Using a Novel Heterologous Lactonohydrolase Secreted by Recombinant Penicillium canescens. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E475. [PMID: 32722498 PMCID: PMC7472149 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12080475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the first results on obtaining an enzyme preparation that might be promising for the simultaneous decontamination of plant feeds contaminated with a polyketide fusariotoxin, zearalenone (ZEN), and enhancing the availability of their nutritional components. A novel ZEN-specific lactonohydrolase (ZHD) was expressed in a Penicillium canescens strain PCA-10 that was developed previously as a producer of different hydrolytic enzymes for feed biorefinery. The recombinant ZHD secreted by transformed fungal clones into culture liquid was shown to remove the toxin from model solutions, and was able to decontaminate wheat grain artificially infected with a zearalenone-producing Fusarium culmorum. The dynamics of ZEN degradation depending on the temperature and pH of the incubation media was investigated, and the optimal values of these parameters (pH 8.5, 30 °C) for the ZHD-containing enzyme preparation (PR-ZHD) were determined. Under these conditions, the 3 h co-incubation of ZEN and PR-ZHD resulted in a complete removal of the toxin from the model solutions, while the PR-ZHD addition (8 mg/g of dried grain) to flour samples prepared from the infected ZEN-polluted grain (about 16 µg/g) completely decontaminated the samples after an overnight exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Shcherbakova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Alexandra Rozhkova
- Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.R.); (D.O.); (I.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Dmitrii Osipov
- Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.R.); (D.O.); (I.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Ivan Zorov
- Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.R.); (D.O.); (I.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Oleg Mikityuk
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Natalia Statsyuk
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Olga Sinitsyna
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vitaly Dzhavakhiya
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Arkady Sinitsyn
- Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.R.); (D.O.); (I.Z.); (A.S.)
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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Yu X, Tu T, Luo H, Huang H, Su X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Bai Y, Yao B. Biochemical Characterization and Mutational Analysis of a Lactone Hydrolase from Phialophora americana. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2570-2577. [PMID: 31760747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is a secondary metabolite produced mainly by Fusarium species. ZEN poses health hazards both for humans and animals, as a major contaminant in the food and feed industries. Currently, there is no effective technique for degrading ZEN during industrial processes. In this study, we isolated and biochemically characterized a novel lactone hydrolase, ZHD607, isolated from Phialophora americana, cloned, and exogenously expressed in Pichia pastoris. ZHD607 was characterized as a mesophilic lactone hydrolase having a neutral pH and showing optimal activity at 35 °C and pH 8.0. Two mutants, ZHDM1 and I160Y, generated from ZHD607 based on structure and sequence alignment analyses, exhibited 2.9- and 3.4-fold higher activity towards ZEN than did ZHD607. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed diverse mechanisms driving this improved catalytic activity. These findings enrich our knowledge about ZHD enzyme family and represent an important step toward industrialization of ZEN-detoxifying lactone hydrolases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Yu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100086 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Tu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100086 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huiying Luo
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100086 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100086 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100086 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100086 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100086 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100086 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yingguo Bai
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100086 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100086 , People's Republic of China
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Deng J, Li J, Ma M, Zhao P, Ming F, Lu Z, Shi J, Fan Q, Liang Q, Jia J, Li J, Zhang S, Zhang L. Co-expressing GroEL-GroES, Ssa1-Sis1 and Bip-PDI chaperones for enhanced intracellular production and partial-wall breaking improved stability of porcine growth hormone. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:35. [PMID: 32070347 PMCID: PMC7027120 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine growth hormone (pGH) is a class of peptide hormones secreted from the pituitary gland, which can significantly improve growth and feed utilization of pigs. However, it is unstable and volatile in vitro. It needs to be encapsulated in liposomes when feeding livestock, whose high cost greatly limits its application in pig industry. Therefore we attempted to express pGH as intracellular soluble protein in Pichia pastoris and feed these yeasts with partial wall-breaking for swine, which could release directly pGH in intestine tract in case of being degraded in intestinal tract with low cost. In order to improve the intracellular soluble expression of pGH protein in Pichia pastoris and stability in vitro, we optimized the pGH gene, and screened molecular chaperones from E. coli and Pichia pastoris respectively for co-expressing with pGH. In addition, we had also explored conditions of mechanical crushing and fermentation. The results showed that the expression of intracellular soluble pGH protein was significantly increased after gene optimized and co-expressed with Ssa1-Sis1 chaperone from Pichia pastoris. Meanwhile, the optimal conditions of partial wall-breaking and fermentation of Pichia pastoris were confirmed, the data showed that the intracellular expression of the optimized pGH protein co-expressed with Ssa1-Sis1 could reach 340 mg/L with optimal conditions of partial wall-breaking and fermentation. Animal experiments verified that the optimized pGH protein co-expression with Ssa1-Sis1 had the best promoting effects on the growth of piglets. Our study demonstrated that Ssa1-Sis1 could enhance the intracellular soluble expression of pGH protein in Pichia pastoris and that partial wall-breaking of yeast could prevent pGH from degradation in vitro, release targetedly in the intestine and play its biological function effectively. Our study could provide a new idea to cut the cost effectively, establishing a theoretical basis for the clinic application of unstable substances in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Microbiological Staff Room, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaoqing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Microbiological Staff Room, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Miaopeng Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Microbiological Staff Room, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Peijing Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Microbiological Staff Room, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Feiping Ming
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Microbiological Staff Room, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhipeng Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Microbiological Staff Room, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Juqing Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Microbiological Staff Room, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Microbiological Staff Room, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianyi Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Microbiological Staff Room, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhao Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Microbiological Staff Room, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Microbiological Staff Room, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Microbiological Staff Room, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Linghua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Microbiological Staff Room, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China.
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Zearalenone Removal from Corn Oil by an Enzymatic Strategy. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020117. [PMID: 32069863 PMCID: PMC7076758 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen-like mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is one of the most widely distributed contaminants especially in maize and its commodities, such as corn oil. ZEN degrading enzymes possess the potential for counteracting the negative effect of ZEN and its associated high safety risk in corn oil. Herein, we targeted enhancing the secretion of ZEN degrading enzyme by Pichia pastoris through constructing an expression plasmid containing three optimized expression cassettes of zlhy-6 codon and signal peptides. Further, we explored various parameters of enzymatic detoxification in neutralized oil and analyzed tocopherols and sterols losses in the corn oil. In addition, the distribution of degraded products was demonstrated as well by Agilent 6510 Quadrupole Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry. P. pastoris GSZ with the glucoamylase signal was observed with the highest ZLHY-6 secretion yield of 0.39 mg/mL. During the refining of corn oil, ZEN in the crude oil was reduced from 1257.3 to 13 µg/kg (3.69% residual) after neutralization and enzymatic detoxification. Compared with the neutralized oil, no significant difference in the total tocopherols and sterols contents was detected after enzymatic detoxification. Finally, the degraded products were found to be entirely eliminated by washing. This study presents an enzymatic strategy for efficient and safe ZEN removal with relatively low nutrient loss, which provides an important basis for further application of enzymatic ZEN elimination in the industrial process of corn oil production.
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Zhang Z, Xu W, Wu H, Zhang W, Mu W. Identification of a Potent Enzyme for the Detoxification of Zearalenone. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:376-383. [PMID: 31816236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) and its derivatives has been a severe global threat to food and animals. In addition to the chemical and physical degradation methods, a powerful biocatalyst is urgently required for the detoxification of ZEN. Here, an efficient ZEN-degrading lactonase from Gliocladium roseum, named ZENG, was identified for the first time. The recombinant ZENG exhibited the highest activity at pH 7.0 and 38 °C. In addition, the recombinant enzyme showed a high degrading performance toward ZEN and its toxic derivatives α-zearalenol (α-ZOL) and α-zearalanol (α-ZAL), with the specific activities as 315, 187, and 117 units/mg, respectively. To meet the industrial demands, attempts were also made to enhance the thermostability of ZENG using a structure-based modification. Three double-site mutants, including H134L/S136L, H134F/S136F, and H134I/S134I, in the position between the cap and core catalytic domain of ZENG were designed. Finally, the thermostability of both H134L/S136L and H134F/S136F displayed a significant improvement compared to the wild-type enzyme.
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Torres P, Saa PA, Albiol J, Ferrer P, Agosin E. Contextualized genome-scale model unveils high-order metabolic effects of the specific growth rate and oxygenation level in recombinant Pichia pastoris. Metab Eng Commun 2019; 9:e00103. [PMID: 31720218 PMCID: PMC6838487 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2019.e00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pichia pastoris is recognized as a biotechnological workhorse for recombinant protein expression. The metabolic performance of this microorganism depends on genetic makeup and culture conditions, amongst which the specific growth rate and oxygenation level are critical. Despite their importance, only their individual effects have been assessed so far, and thus their combined effects and metabolic consequences still remain to be elucidated. In this work, we present a comprehensive framework for revealing high-order (i.e., individual and combined) metabolic effects of the above parameters in glucose-limited continuous cultures of P. pastoris, using thaumatin production as a case study. Specifically, we employed a rational experimental design to calculate statistically significant metabolic effects from multiple chemostat data, which were later contextualized using a refined and highly predictive genome-scale metabolic model of this yeast under the simulated conditions. Our results revealed a negative effect of the oxygenation on the specific product formation rate (thaumatin), and a positive effect on the biomass yield. Notably, we identified a novel positive combined effect of both the specific growth rate and oxygenation level on the specific product formation rate. Finally, model predictions indicated an opposite relationship between the oxygenation level and the growth-associated maintenance energy (GAME) requirement, suggesting a linear GAME decrease of 0.56 mmol ATP/gDCW per each 1% increase in oxygenation level, which translated into a 44% higher metabolic cost under low oxygenation compared to high oxygenation. Overall, this work provides a systematic framework for mapping high-order metabolic effects of different culture parameters on the performance of a microbial cell factory. Particularly in this case, it provided valuable insights about optimal operational conditions for protein production in P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Torres
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro A Saa
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joan Albiol
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pau Ferrer
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Agosin
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile
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Bi K, Zhang W, Xiao Z, Zhang D. Characterization, expression and application of a zearalenone degrading enzyme from Neurospora crassa. AMB Express 2018; 8:194. [PMID: 30570697 PMCID: PMC6301899 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A gene named zenc, encoding a zearalenone lactonase from Neurospora crassa, was over-expressed in Pichia pastoris. The zenc gene is 888-bp in length, encoding a 295-residue polypeptide. Purified ZENC has maximal activity at pH 8.0 and 45 °C, and is highly stable at pH 6.0–8.0 for 1 h at 37 °C. The activity of the secreted enzyme in shaken-flask fermentation was 40.0 U/ml. A high-density fermentation of the ZENC-producing recombinant strain was performed in a 30-l fermenter and the maximal enzyme activity reached 290.6 U/ml. The Km, Vmax and specific activity toward zearalenone are 38.63 μM, 23.8 μM/s/mg and 530.4 U/mg, respectively. ZENC can resist metal ions and inhibitors to some extent. We applied the enzyme into three different kinds of animal feed. On addition of ZENC (800 U) to distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), maize by-products and corn bran (25 g), the concentration of zearalenone was reduced by 70.9%, 88.9% and 94.7% respectively. All these properties of ZENC are promising for applications in the animal feed and food industries.
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Expression, functional analysis and mutation of a novel neutral zearalenone-degrading enzyme. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1284-1292. [PMID: 29949749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The crops and grains were often contaminated by high level of mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN). In order to remove ZEN and keep food safe, ZEN-degrading or detoxifying enzymes are urgently needed. Here, a newly identified lactonohydrolase responsible for the detoxification of ZEN, annotated as Zhd518, was expressed and characterized. Zhd518 showed 65% amino acid identity with Zhd101, which was widely studied for its ZEN-degrading ability. A detailed activity measurement method of ZEN-degrading enzyme was provided. Biochemical analysis indicated that the purified recombinant Zhd518 from E. coli exhibited a high activity against ZEN (207.0 U/mg), with the optimal temperature and pH of 40 °C and 8.0, respectively. The Zhd518 can degrade ZEN derivatives, and the specific activities against α-Zearalenol, β-Zearalenol, α-Zearalanol and β-Zearalanol were 23.0 U/mg, 64.7 U/mg, 119.8 U/mg and 66.5 U/mg, respectively. The active sites of Zhd518 were predicted by structure modeling and determined by mutation analysis. A point mutant N156H exhibited 3.3-fold activity against α-Zearalenol comparing to Zhd518. Zhd518 is the first reported neutral and the second characterized ZEN-degrading enzyme, which provides a new and more excellent candidate for ZEN detoxifying in food and feed industry.
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Molecular cloning, codon-optimized gene expression, and bioactivity assessment of two novel fungal immunomodulatory proteins from Ganoderma applanatum in Pichia. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5483-5494. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Dagar VK, Khasa YP. Combined effect of gene dosage and process optimization strategies on high-level production of recombinant human interleukin-3 (hIL-3) in Pichia pastoris fed-batch culture. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:999-1009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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