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Zhang L, Vassileva E. Determination of ultra-trace level 241Am in marine sediment and seawater by combining TK200-TK221 tandem-column extraction chromatography and SF ICP-MS. Talanta 2024; 271:125724. [PMID: 38301375 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Sound strategies for marine chemical monitoring call for measurement systems capable of producing comparable analytical results with demonstrated quality. This work presents the development and validation of a new analytical procedure for the determination of the 241Am mass fraction in marine sediment and seawater samples at low levels. The procedure includes a tandem-column extraction chromatography for separation of 241Am and sector field-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF ICP-MS) for its determination. The separation is based on the application of two new extraction resins, TK200 and TK221. The acid leaching method was employed for the pre-treatment of marine sediments, while Fe(OH)3 co-precipitation was used for Am pre-concentration in seawater samples. The extraction behaviors of Am on TK221 resins in the different acidic mediums were investigated. The removal capabilities of the tandem TK200-TK221 columns for the 241Am in the presence of interfering elements including Pu, Pb, Hg, Bi, Tl, Pt, Hf, U, and Th were carefully investigated and the corresponding decontamination factors (DFs) estimated to be in the range from 104 to 106. The main interfering element Pu was efficiently removed with a DF of about 6 × 105. Matrix rare earth elements (REEs) in marine sediments were further removed by the application of TEVA resins. 241Am mass fraction was quantified by the application of external calibration and SF ICP-MS. Following the recommendations of the ISO/IEC 17025 guidelines, the validation of the analytical procedure was accomplished by executing it on the certified reference material (CRM) IAEA-385 (marine sediment) and the seawater IAEA-443 reference materials (RM). The obtained results showed that 241Am mass fractions were accurately determined in both reference samples, with excellent reproducibility (2.1 % and 7.6 %) and low LODs (0.4 fg g-1 and 0.2 fg g-1). The relative expanded uncertainties (k = 2) obtained were 17.1 % and 29.0 %, respectively. The overall analytical times for the application of the proposed procedure on the marine sediment and seawater samples were evaluated to be only about 9 h and 6.5 h, respectively. It shows great advantages for its potential applications for emergency monitoring of 241Am contamination in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, Principality of Monaco, 98000, Monaco; Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China.
| | - Emilia Vassileva
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, Principality of Monaco, 98000, Monaco
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Touranlou FA, Moghimani M, Marhamati M, Rezaie M. Detection and measurement of radioactive substances in water and food: a narrative review. Ital J Food Saf 2024; 13:11651. [PMID: 38623281 PMCID: PMC11017961 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2024.11651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Contamination of food and water with radioactive substances is a serious health problem. There are several methods to detect and measure radioactive materials, some of which have been developed in recent years. This paper aims to discuss the methods of detecting and measuring radioactive substances in food and water. The principles and the advantages and disadvantages of each method have been discussed. The results showed that some of these methods, such as spectrometry γ-ray high-purity germanium, portable radon gas surveyor SILENA, RAD7, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, have a higher sensitivity for detection and measurement. The spectrometry γ-ray high-purity germanium method has attracted more attention than other methods because it can measure a wide range of radionuclides with high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mitra Rezaie
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Zhang H, Hou X, Qiao J, Lin J. Determination of 241Am in Environmental Samples: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144536. [PMID: 35889408 PMCID: PMC9315525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The determination of 241Am in the environment is of importance in monitoring its release and assessing its environmental impact and radiological risk. This paper aims to give an overview about the recent developments and the state-of-art analytical methods for 241Am determination in environmental samples. Thorough discussions are given in this paper covering a wide range of aspects, including sample pre-treatment and pre-concentration methods, chemical separation techniques, source preparation, radiometric and mass spectrometric measurement techniques, speciation analyses, and tracer applications. The paper focuses on some hyphenated separation methods based on different chromatographic resins, which have been developed to achieve high analytical efficiency and sample throughput for the determination of 241Am. The performances of different radiometric and mass spectrometric measurement techniques for 241Am are evaluated and compared. Tracer applications of 241Am in the environment, including speciation analyses of 241Am, and applications in nuclear forensics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China; (H.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiaolin Hou
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Risø Campus, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
| | - Jixin Qiao
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Risø Campus, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jianfeng Lin
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China; (H.Z.); (J.L.)
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Measurement of radium and radon in water using a combination technique of radon-emanation and pair-measurements methods. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 178:109950. [PMID: 34563897 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Since 222Rn is continuously generated by the decay of 226Ra, it is difficult to analyze 222Rn in water containing 226Ra. To analyze 226Ra, a large amount of water is passed through a manganese fiber column to adsorb radium, and then radium delayed coincidence counting or gamma-ray spectroscopy is performed approximately four weeks later. A combination technique of radon-emanation and pair-measurement was tested to analyze 226Ra and 222Rn in water. 226Ra and 222Rn were accurately analyzed within approximately 8 d.
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Cantaluppi C, Zannoni D, Cianchi A, Giacetti W, Lovisetto B, Pagnin E, Favero T. Methods for radioactivity measurements in drinking water using gamma spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2021; 232:106566. [PMID: 33689935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three methods to measure activity concentrations of radionuclides through high resolution gamma spectrometry are developed, optimized, and tested on drinking water samples. Two pre-concentration methods (partial evaporation and ion-exchange resins) were optimized for accuracy, precision, detection limits, costs, preparation, and measurements times. A new sampling method for 222Rn was designed and optimized to directly sample water from the tap, reducing and minimizing losses of radon during the sampling. A total number of 85 water samples were collected between 2017 and 2019 in collaboration with two drinking water suppliers in a wide area (~2000 km2) of the Veneto region, northeast Italy. These are the first results of radionuclides activity concentration in drinking water concerning a large extension in the foothill Veneto region. Finally, this study provides a first attempt of determining the spatial distribution and seasonal variations of radon activity concentration in drinking water in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cantaluppi
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, C.so Stati Uniti 4, Padova, 35127, Italy.
| | - D Zannoni
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, C.so Stati Uniti 4, Padova, 35127, Italy; Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Cianchi
- Qualified Expert of Radiation Protection, Via G. Pepe 12, 30172, Mestre, VE, Italy
| | - W Giacetti
- ETRA SpA Energia Territorio Risorse Ambientali, Largo Parolini 82, 36061, Bassano del Grappa, VI, Italy
| | - B Lovisetto
- ETRA SpA Energia Territorio Risorse Ambientali, Largo Parolini 82, 36061, Bassano del Grappa, VI, Italy
| | - E Pagnin
- Alto Trevigiano Servizi, Via Schiavonesca Priula, 86 Montebelluna, TV, Italy
| | - T Favero
- Alto Trevigiano Servizi, Via Schiavonesca Priula, 86 Montebelluna, TV, Italy
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Umejuru E, Prabakaran E, Pillay K. Coal Fly Ash Decorated with Graphene Oxide-Tungsten Oxide Nanocomposite for Rapid Removal of Pb 2+ Ions and Reuse of Spent Adsorbent for Photocatalytic Degradation of Acetaminophen. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:11155-11172. [PMID: 34056271 PMCID: PMC8153921 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Coal fly ash was decorated with a graphene oxide-tungsten oxide nanorods nanocomposite (CFA/GO/WO3NRs nanocomposite) via a hydrothermal method and applied for the remediation of lead (Pb2+ ions). The Pb2+ ion-loaded spent adsorbent (CFA/GO/WO3NRs + Pb2+ nanocomposite) was reused for the photodegradation of acetaminophen. CFA/GO/WO3NRs + Pb2+ nanocomposite displayed rapid removal of Pb2+ ions. Pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model described the adsorption data. The adsorption capacity of the CFA/GO/WO3NRs nanocomposite was 41.51 mg/g for the removal of Pb2+ ions. Additionally, the Pb2+ ion-loaded spent adsorbent significantly influenced the degradation of acetaminophen by photocatalysis where 93% degradation was observed. It is worthy to note the reuse application of Pb2+ ion-loaded spent adsorbent as a photocatalyst, which will significantly reduce the secondary waste obtained from conventional adsorption methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel
Christopher Umejuru
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Eswaran Prabakaran
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Kriveshini Pillay
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
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Mahar FK, He L, Wei K, Mehdi M, Zhu M, Gu J, Zhang K, Khatri Z, Kim I. Rapid adsorption of lead ions using porous carbon nanofibers. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 225:360-367. [PMID: 30884297 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Lead is one of the toxic elements in the environment having non-biodegradable behavior. On the other hand, the high contamination of lead in water is a major alarming threat to the world nowadays. In this study, PAN-based porous carbon nanofibers (p-CNFs) were used to adsorb the lead ions for both batch and continuous method. The synthesis was achieved by electrospinning and thermal treatment. The characterization of p-CNFs was achieved via FE-SEM, EDX, BET and Raman spectra. Furthermore, the adsorption capability for lead ions was examined using ICP-MS. The adsorption parameters such as pH of the solution, the mass of nanofibers, adsorption time and initial concentration of lead ions were optimized. The obtained results fitted well with the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order model. The nanofibers showed high adsorption capability at neutral pH within 1 min. Therefore, the prepared p-CNFs can be recommended for lead ions removal up to its permissible limit in a continuous purification system for drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Khan Mahar
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lili He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kai Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Mujahid Mehdi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Menglin Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jing Gu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Keqin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zeeshan Khatri
- Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology and Materials, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, 76060, Pakistan.
| | - Icksoo Kim
- Nano Fusion Technology Research Lab, Division of Frontier Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
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Lagacé F, Foucher D, Surette C, Clarisse O. Quantification of 226 Ra at environmental relevant levels in natural waters by ICP-MS: Optimization, validation and limitations of an extraction and preconcentration approach. Talanta 2017; 167:658-665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Comparison of radiometric and non-radiometric methods for uranium determination in groundwater of Punjab, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Manickum T, John W, Terry S, Hodgson K. Preliminary study on the radiological and physicochemical quality of the Umgeni Water catchments and drinking water sources in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2014; 137:227-240. [PMID: 25151527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Raw and potable water sample sources, from the Umgeni Water catchment areas (rivers, dams, boreholes) in central KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), were screened for Uranium concentration and alpha and beta radioactivity. Test methods used were gas flow proportional counting for alpha-beta radioactivity, and kinetic phosphorescence analysis (KPA), for Uranium. The uranium levels (median = 0.525 μg/L, range = <0.050-5.010) were well below the international World Health Organization (WHO) (2011) guideline for drinking-water quality (≤15 μg/L). The corresponding alpha and beta radioactivity was ≤0.5 Bq/L (median = 0.084, Interquartile Range (IR) = 0.038, range = 0.018-0.094), and ≤1.0 Bq/L (median = 0.114, IR = 0.096, range = 0.024-0.734), respectively, in compliance with the international WHO limits. For uranium radionuclide, the average dose level, at uranium level of ±0.525 μg/L, was 0.06 μSv/a, which complies with the WHO reference dose level for drinking water (<0.1 mSv/a). There was a distinct trend of cluster of relatively higher Uranium levels of some sources that were found to be associated with the geology/geography and groundwater sources. Overall, the radiological water quality classification, with respect to WHO, is "Blue" - ideal; additional physicochemical analyses indicated good water quality. The analytical test methods employed were found to be suitable for preliminary screening for potential radioactive "hot spots". The observed Uranium levels, and the alpha/beta radioactivity, indicate contribution largely from Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM), with no significant health risk to humans, or to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Manickum
- Scientific Services Laboratories: Chemical Sciences, Engineering & Scientific Services Division, Umgeni Water, P O Box 9, Pietermaritzburg 3200, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
| | - W John
- Scientific Services Laboratories: Chemical Sciences, Engineering & Scientific Services Division, Umgeni Water, P O Box 9, Pietermaritzburg 3200, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - S Terry
- Water Quality & Environmental Services, Engineering & Scientific Services Division, Umgeni Water, P O Box 9, Pietermaritzburg 3200, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - K Hodgson
- Water Quality & Environmental Services, Engineering & Scientific Services Division, Umgeni Water, P O Box 9, Pietermaritzburg 3200, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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