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Hosnedlova B, Werle J, Cepova J, Narayanan VHB, Vyslouzilova L, Fernandez C, Parikesit AA, Kepinska M, Klapkova E, Kotaska K, Stepankova O, Bjorklund G, Prusa R, Kizek R. Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Identification of Viruses: A Critical Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-30. [PMID: 38753964 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2343853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Due to their life cycle, viruses can disrupt the metabolism of their hosts, causing diseases. If we want to disrupt their life cycle, it is necessary to identify their presence. For this purpose, it is possible to use several molecular-biological and bioanalytical methods. The reference selection was performed based on electronic databases (2020-2023). This review focused on electrochemical methods with high sensitivity and selectivity (53% voltammetry/amperometry, 33% impedance, and 12% other methods) which showed their great potential for detecting various viruses. Moreover, the aforementioned electrochemical methods have considerable potential to be applicable for care-point use as they are portable due to their miniaturizability and fast speed analysis (minutes to hours), and are relatively easy to interpret. A total of 2011 articles were found, of which 86 original papers were subsequently evaluated (the majority of which are focused on human pathogens, whereas articles dealing with plant pathogens are in the minority). Thirty-two species of viruses were included in the evaluation. It was found that most of the examined research studies (77%) used nanotechnological modifications. Other ones performed immunological (52%) or genetic analyses (43%) for virus detection. 5% of the reports used peptides to increase the method's sensitivity. When evaluable, 65% of the research studies had LOD values in the order of ng or nM. The vast majority (79%) of the studies represent proof of concept and possibilities with low application potential and a high need of further research experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Hosnedlova
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Werle
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Cepova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vedha Hari B Narayanan
- Pharmaceutical Technology Lab, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Lenka Vyslouzilova
- Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Department of Biomedical Engineering & Assistive Technologies, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos Fernandez
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Arli Aditya Parikesit
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Jakarta, Timur, Indonesia
| | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Eva Klapkova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Kotaska
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Stepankova
- Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics, Department of Biomedical Engineering & Assistive Technologies, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Geir Bjorklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Richard Prusa
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Liu L, Du K. A perspective on computer vision in biosensing. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:011301. [PMID: 38223547 PMCID: PMC10787640 DOI: 10.1063/5.0185732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Computer vision has become a powerful tool in the field of biosensing, aiding in the development of innovative and precise systems for the analysis and interpretation of biological data. This interdisciplinary approach harnesses the capabilities of computer vision algorithms and techniques to extract valuable information from various biosensing applications, including medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food health. Despite years of development, there is still significant room for improvement in this area. In this perspective, we outline how computer vision is applied to raw sensor data in biosensors and its advantages to biosensing applications. We then discuss ongoing research and developments in the field and subsequently explore the challenges and opportunities that computer vision faces in biosensor applications. We also suggest directions for future work, ultimately underscoring the significant impact of computer vision on advancing biosensing technologies and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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3
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Jing Q, Liu J, Wang H, Wang Y, Xue H, Ren S, Wang W, Zhang X, Xu Z, Fu W. Ultrasensitive Biochemical Sensing Platform Enabled by Directly Grown Graphene on Insulator. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2305363. [PMID: 38105346 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
To fabricate label-free and rapid-resulting semiconducting biosensor devices incorporating graphene, it is pertinent to directly grow uniform graphene films on technologically important dielectric and semiconducting substrates. However, it has long been intuitively believed that the nonideal disordered structures formed during direct growth, and the resulted inferior electrical properties will inevitably lead to deteriorated sensing performance. Here, graphene biosensor chips are constructed based on direct plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) grown graphene on a 4-inch silicon wafer with excellent film uniformity and high yield. To surprise, optimal operations of graphene biosensors permit ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus nucleocapsid protein with dilutions down to sub-femtomolar concentrations. Such impressive limit of detection (LOD) is comparable to or even outperforms that of the state-of-the-art biosensor devices based on high-quality graphene. Further noise spectral characterizations and analysis confirms that the LOD is limited by molecular diffusion and/or known interference signals such as drift and instability of the sensors, rather than the electrical merits of the graphene devices along. Hence, result sheds light on processing directly grown PECVD graphene into high-performance sensor devices with important economic benefits and social significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Jing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Junjiang Liu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Huanming Wang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Honglei Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shan Ren
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Wangyang Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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4
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Tsounidi D, Angelopoulou M, Petrou P, Raptis I, Kakabakos S. Simultaneous Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein and Receptor Binding Domain by a Multi-Area Reflectance Spectroscopy Sensor. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:865. [PMID: 37754099 PMCID: PMC10526254 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the urgent need for point-of-care methods suitable for the rapid and reliable diagnosis of viral infections. To address this demand, we report the rapid, label-free simultaneous determination of two SARS-CoV-2 proteins, namely, the nucleoprotein and the receptor binding domain peptide of S1 protein, by implementing a bioanalytical device based on Multi Area Reflectance Spectroscopy. Simultaneous detection of these two proteins is achieved by using silicon chips with adjacent areas of different silicon dioxide thickness on top, each of which is modified with an antibody specific to either the nucleoprotein or the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2. Both areas were illuminated by a single probe that also collected the reflected light, directing it to a spectrometer. The online conversion of the combined reflection spectra from the two silicon dioxide areas into the respective adlayer thickness enabled real-time monitoring of immunoreactions taking place on the two areas. Several antibodies have been tested to define the pair, providing the higher specific signal following a non-competitive immunoassay format. Biotinylated secondary antibodies and streptavidin were used to enhance the specific signal. Both proteins were detected in less than 12 min, with detection limits of 1.0 ng/mL. The assays demonstrated high repeatability with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation lower than 10%. Moreover, the recovery of both proteins from spiked samples prepared in extraction buffer from a commercial self-test kit for SARS-CoV-2 collection from nasopharyngeal swabs ranged from 90.0 to 110%. The short assay duration in combination with the excellent analytical performance and the compact instrument size render the proposed device and assay suitable for point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Tsounidi
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (D.T.); (M.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Michailia Angelopoulou
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (D.T.); (M.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Panagiota Petrou
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (D.T.); (M.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Ioannis Raptis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece;
| | - Sotirios Kakabakos
- Immunoassays-Immunosensors Lab, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (D.T.); (M.A.); (P.P.)
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5
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Nene A, Geng S, Zhou W, Yu XF, Luo H, Ramakrishna S. Black Phosphorous Aptamer-based Platform for Biomarker Detection. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:935-952. [PMID: 35220933 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220225110302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Black phosphorus nanostructures (nano-BPs) mainly include BP nanosheets (BP NSs), BP quantum dots (BPQDs), and other nano-BPs-based particles at nanoscale. Firstly discovered in 2014, nano-BPs are one of the most popular nanomaterials. Different synthesis methods are discussed in short to understand the basic concepts and developments in synthesis. Exfoliated nano-BPs, i.e. nano-BPs possess high surface area, high photothermal conversion efficacy, excellent biocompatibility, high charge carrier mobility (~1000 cm-2V-1s-1), thermal conductivity of 86 Wm-1K-1; and these properties make it a highly potential candidate for fabrication of biosensing platform. These properties enable nano-BPs to be promising photothermal/drug delivery agents as well as in electrochemical data storage devices and sensing devices; and in super capacitors, photodetectors, photovoltaics and solar cells, LEDs, super-conductors, etc. Early diagnosis is very critical in the health sector scenarios. This review attempts to highlight the attempts made towards attaining stable BP, BP-aptamer conjugates for successful biosensing applications. BP-aptamer- based platforms are reviewed to highlight the significance of BP in detecting biological and physiological markers of cardiovascular diseases and cancer; to be useful in disease diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya Nene
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengyong Geng
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongrong Luo
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore
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6
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Senehi NL, Ykema MR, Sun R, Verduzco R, Stadler LB, Tao YJ, Alvarez PJJ. Protein-imprinted particles for coronavirus capture from solution. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:4318-4326. [PMID: 36168868 PMCID: PMC9538460 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting is a promising strategy to selectively adsorb viruses, but it requires discerning and validating epitopes that serve as effective imprinting templates. In this work, glycoprotein-imprinted particles were synthesized for coronavirus capture. Adsorption was maximized at pH 6 (the glycoprotein isoelectric point) where the glycoprotein-imprinted particles outperformed non-imprinted particles, adsorbing 4.96 × 106 ± 3.33 × 103 versus 3.54 × 106 ± 1.39 × 106 median tissue culture infectious dose/mg of the target coronavirus, human coronavirus - organ culture 43, within the first 30 min (p = 0.012). During competitive adsorption, with pH adjustment (pH 6), the glycoprotein-imprinted particles adsorbed more target virus than non-target coronavirus (human coronavirus - Netherland 63) with 2.34 versus 1.94 log removal in 90 min (p < 0.01). In contrast, the non-imprinted particles showed no significant difference in target versus non-target virus removal. Electrostatic potential calculation shows that the human coronavirus - organ culture 43 glycoprotein has positively charged pockets at pH 6, which may facilitate adsorption at lower pH values. Therefore, tuning the target virus glycoprotein charge via pH adjustment enhanced adsorption by minimizing repulsive electrostatic interactions with the particles. Overall, these results highlight the effective use of glycoprotein-imprinted particles for coronavirus capture and discern the merits and limitations of glycoprotein imprinting for the capture of enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi L. Senehi
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringRice UniversityHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - Ruonan Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringRice UniversityHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringRice UniversityHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Lauren B. Stadler
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringRice UniversityHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Yizhi J. Tao
- Department of BiosciencesRice UniversityHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Pedro J. J. Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringRice UniversityHoustonTexasUSA
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7
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Khan R, Arshad F, Hassan IU, Naikoo GA, Pedram MZ, Zedegan MS, Pourfarzad H, Aljabali AAA, Serrano-Aroca Á, Haggag Y, Mishra V, Mishra Y, Birkett M, Tambuwala MM. Advances in nanomaterial-based immunosensors for prostate cancer screening. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113649. [PMID: 36108389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common health hazards for men worldwide, specifically in Western countries. Rapid prostate cancer screening by analyzing the prostate-specific antigen present in male serum has brought about a sharp decline in the mortality index of this disease. Immunoassay technology quantifies the target analyte in the sample using the antigen-antibody reaction. Immunoassays are now pivotal in disease diagnostics, drug monitoring, and pharmacokinetics. Recently, immunosensors have gained momentum in delivering better results with high specificity and lower limit of detection (LOD). Nanomaterials like gold, silver, and copper exhibit numerous exceptional features and their use in developing immunosensors have garnered excellent results in the diagnostic field. This review highlights the recent and different immunoassay techniques used to detect prostate-specific antigens and discusses the advances in nanomaterial-based immunosensors to detect prostate cancer efficiently. The review also explores the importance of specific biomarkers and nanomaterials-based biosensors with good selectivity and sensitivity to prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Khan
- Neurology Laboratory, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad PC 051, Pakistan
| | - Fareeha Arshad
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar University, Salalah PC 211, Oman
| | - Israr U Hassan
- College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah PC 211, Oman
| | - Gowhar A Naikoo
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar University, Salalah PC 211, Oman.
| | - Mona Z Pedram
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering-Energy Division, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohammed Saeedi Zedegan
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering-Energy Division, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Pourfarzad
- Center of excellence in electrochemistry, faculty of chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, P. O. BOX 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab., Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Yusuf Haggag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31512, Egypt
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Yachana Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Martin Birkett
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine County Londonderry BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
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8
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Naikoo GA, Arshad F, Hassan IU, Awan T, Salim H, Pedram MZ, Ahmed W, Patel V, Karakoti AS, Vinu A. Nanomaterials-based sensors for the detection of COVID-19: A review. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10305. [PMID: 35599642 PMCID: PMC9110902 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the threat of increasing SARS-CoV-2 cases looming in front of us and no effective and safest vaccine available to curb this pandemic disease due to its sprouting variants, many countries have undergone a lockdown 2.0 or planning a lockdown 3.0. This has upstretched an unprecedented demand to develop rapid, sensitive, and highly selective diagnostic devices that can quickly detect coronavirus (COVID-19). Traditional techniques like polymerase chain reaction have proven to be time-inefficient, expensive, labor intensive, and impracticable in remote settings. This shifts the attention to alternative biosensing devices that can be successfully used to sense the COVID-19 infection and curb the spread of coronavirus cases. Among these, nanomaterial-based biosensors hold immense potential for rapid coronavirus detection because of their noninvasive and susceptible, as well as selective properties that have the potential to give real-time results at an economical cost. These diagnostic devices can be used for mass COVID-19 detection to understand the rapid progression of the infection and give better-suited therapies. This review provides an overview of existing and potential nanomaterial-based biosensors that can be used for rapid SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. Novel biosensors employing different detection mechanisms are also highlighted in different sections of this review. Practical tools and techniques required to develop such biosensors to make them reliable and portable have also been discussed in the article. Finally, the review is concluded by presenting the current challenges and future perspectives of nanomaterial-based biosensors in SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowhar A. Naikoo
- Department of Mathematics and SciencesCollege of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar UniversitySalalahSultanate of Oman
| | - Fareeha Arshad
- Department of Mathematics and SciencesCollege of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar UniversitySalalahSultanate of Oman
| | - Israr U. Hassan
- College of Engineering, Dhofar UniversitySalalahSultanate of Oman
| | - Tasbiha Awan
- Department of Mathematics and SciencesCollege of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar UniversitySalalahSultanate of Oman
| | - Hiba Salim
- Department of Mathematics and SciencesCollege of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar UniversitySalalahSultanate of Oman
| | - Mona Z. Pedram
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering‐Energy DivisionK.N. Toosi University of TechnologyTehranIran
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- School of Mathematics and Physics, College of ScienceUniversity of LincolnLincolnUK
| | - Vaishwik Patel
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced NanomaterialsCollege of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia
| | - Ajay S. Karakoti
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced NanomaterialsCollege of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced NanomaterialsCollege of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia
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Wang G, Wang L, Meng Z, Su X, Jia C, Qiao X, Pan S, Chen Y, Cheng Y, Zhu M. Visual Detection of COVID-19 from Materials Aspect. ADVANCED FIBER MATERIALS 2022; 4:1304-1333. [PMID: 35966612 PMCID: PMC9358106 DOI: 10.1007/s42765-022-00179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In the recent COVID-19 pandemic, World Health Organization emphasized that early detection is an effective strategy to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Several diagnostic methods, such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), have been applied based on the mechanism of specific recognition and binding of the probes to viruses or viral antigens. Although the remarkable progress, these methods still suffer from inadequate cellular materials or errors in the detection and sampling procedure of nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab collection. Therefore, developing accurate, ultrafast, and visualized detection calls for more advanced materials and technology urgently to fight against the epidemic. In this review, we first summarize the current methodologies for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Then, recent representative examples are introduced based on various output signals (e.g., colorimetric, fluorometric, electronic, acoustic). Finally, we discuss the limitations of the methods and provide our perspectives on priorities for future test development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Zheyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Xiaolong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Chao Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Xiaolan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Shaowu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Yinjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Yanhua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
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10
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Dhar BC. Diagnostic assay and technology advancement for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infections causing the COVID-19 pandemic. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2903-2934. [PMID: 35211785 PMCID: PMC8872642 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-caused COVID-19 pandemic has transmitted to humans in practically all parts of the world, producing socio-economic turmoil. There is an urgent need for precise, fast, and affordable diagnostic testing to be widely available for detecting SARS-CoV-2 and its mutations in various phases of the disease. Early diagnosis with great precision has been achieved using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and similar other molecular methods, but theseapproaches are costly and involve rigorous processes that are not easily obtainable. Conversely, immunoassays that detect a small number of antibodies have been employed for quick, low-cost tests, but their efficiency in diagnosing infected people has been restricted. The use of biosensors in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 is vital for the COVID-19 pandemic’s control. This review gives an overview of COVID-19 diagnostic approaches that are currently being developed as well as nanomaterial-based biosensor technologies, to aid future technological advancement and innovation. These approaches can be integrated into point-of-care (POC) devices to quickly identify a large number of infected patients and asymptomatic carriers. The ongoing research endeavors and developments in complementary technologies will play a significant role in curbing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and fill the knowledge gaps in current diagnostic accuracy and capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidhan C Dhar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina (UNC), 205 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.
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11
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Fathi Karkan S, Maleki Baladi R, Shahgolzari M, Gholizadeh M, Shayegh F, Arashkia A. The evolving direct and indirect platforms for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. J Virol Methods 2022; 300:114381. [PMID: 34843826 PMCID: PMC8626143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 by standard screening measures can reduce the chance of COVID-19 spread before the symptoms become severe. Detecting viral RNA and antigens, anti-viral antibodies, and CT-scan are the most routine diagnostic methods. Accordingly, several diagnostic platforms including thermal and isothermal amplifications, CRISPR/Cas‑based approaches, digital PCR, ELISA, NGS, and point-of-care testing methods with variable sensitivities, have been developed that may facilitate managing and preventing the further spread of the infection. Here, we summarized the currently available direct and indirect testing platforms in research and clinical settings, including recent progress in the methods to detect viral RNA, antigens, and specific antibodies. This summary may help in selecting the effective method for a special application sucha as routine laboratory diagnosis, point-of-care tests or tracing the the virus spread and mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Fathi Karkan
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Tabriz Medical University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Maleki Baladi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahgolzari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Tabriz Medical University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Monireh Gholizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Shayegh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Deaprtment of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Scientific Developments and New Technological Trajectories in Sensor Research. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21237803. [PMID: 34883807 PMCID: PMC8659793 DOI: 10.3390/s21237803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Scientific developments and new technological trajectories in sensors play an important role in understanding technological and social change. The goal of this study is to develop a scientometric analysis (using scientific documents and patents) to explain the evolution of sensor research and new sensor technologies that are critical to science and society. Results suggest that new directions in sensor research are driving technological trajectories of wireless sensor networks, biosensors and wearable sensors. These findings can help scholars to clarify new paths of technological change in sensors and policymakers to allocate research funds towards research fields and sensor technologies that have a high potential of growth for generating a positive societal impact.
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13
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Aydın EB, Aydın M, Sezgintürk MK. Highly selective and sensitive sandwich immunosensor platform modified with MUA-capped GNPs for detection of spike Receptor Binding Domain protein: A precious marker of COVID 19 infection. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2021; 345:130355. [PMID: 34188361 PMCID: PMC8225300 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.130355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A label-free electrochemical biosensing system as a suitable analysis technique for COVID 19 specific spike receptor-binding domain protein (RBD) was developed with an aim to facilitate the diagnosis of coronavirus. A novel production procedure for the fabrication of gold nanoparticles (GNPs)-capped 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) modified bioelectrode was presented and its application potential for RBD biosensing was examined. The bioelectrode fabrication protocol was based on covalent ester linking formation between hydroxylated ITO electrode and GNPs-capped MUA (GNPs@MUA) with carboxyl ends. For this aim, spherical GNPs were prepared and characterized with scanning-transmission electron microscopy (S-TEM), UV-vis, and Raman spectroscopy. The synthesized GNPs were functionalized with MUA yielding Au-S bonds. Then, covalent immobilization of anti-RBD antibodies on the GNPs@MUA was performed with the help of carbodiimide coupling chemistry. The assembly processes of GNPs@MUA, anti-RBD antibodies and RBD antigens were characterized electrochemical, chemical and morphological techniques. GNPs@MUA was used as immobilization environment and provided the most effective surface design for target immunosensor. The resulting immunosensor is further applied to the impedimetric detection of RBD and it displayed a linear response to RBD antigen in the linear range of 0.002-100 pg mL-1 with a limit of detection of 0.577 fg mL-1 and sensitivity of 0.238 kohmpgmL-1 cm-2. The fabricated immunosensor had a good repeatability, long storage, stability and a reusable property after simple regeneration process. Furthermore, it was successfully employed for selective determination of RBD in artificial nasal secretion samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Burcu Aydın
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Aydın
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Scientific and Technological Research Center, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Çanakkale, Turkey
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14
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Rhazouani A, Aziz K, Gamrani H, Gebrati L, Uddin MS, Faissal A. Can the application of graphene oxide contribute to the fight against COVID-19? Antiviral activity, diagnosis and prevention. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100062. [PMID: 34870157 PMCID: PMC8491929 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is an infectious disease that affects the respiratory system and is caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It was first reported in Wuhan, China, on December 31, 2019, and has affected the entire world. This pandemic has caused serious health, economic and social problems. In this situation, the only solution to combat COVID-19 is to accelerate the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines to mitigate the virus and develop better antiviral methods and excellent diagnostic and prevention techniques. With the development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles are being introduced to control COVID-19. Graphene oxide (GO), an oxidized derivative of graphene, is currently used in the medical field to treat certain diseases such as cancer. It is characterized by very important antiviral properties that allow its use in treating certain infectious diseases. The GO antiviral mechanism is discussed by the virus inactivation and/or the host cell receptor or by the physicochemical destruction of viral species. Moreover, the very high surface/volume ratio of GO allows the fixation of biomolecules by simple absorption. This paper summarizes the different studies performed on GO's antiviral activities and discusses GO-based biosensors for virus detection and approaches for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Rhazouani
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity & Climate Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, B.P. 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
- Team of Neurosciences, Pharmacology and Environment (ENPE), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
- National Centre for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), Faculty of Technical Sciences, Cadi Ayyad University, B.P 511, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Khalid Aziz
- Materials, Catalysis and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zohr, BP 8106, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Halima Gamrani
- Team of Neurosciences, Pharmacology and Environment (ENPE), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Lhoucine Gebrati
- Laboratory of Materials, Processes, Environment and Quality, Cadi Ayyad University, BP 63, 46000, Safi, Morocco
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Aziz Faissal
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity & Climate Change, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, B.P. 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
- National Centre for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), Faculty of Technical Sciences, Cadi Ayyad University, B.P 511, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
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15
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Brümmer LE, Katzenschlager S, Gaeddert M, Erdmann C, Schmitz S, Bota M, Grilli M, Larmann J, Weigand MA, Pollock NR, Macé A, Carmona S, Ongarello S, Sacks JA, Denkinger CM. Accuracy of novel antigen rapid diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2: A living systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003735. [PMID: 34383750 PMCID: PMC8389849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) are increasingly being integrated in testing strategies around the world. Studies of the Ag-RDTs have shown variable performance. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assessed the clinical accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of commercially available Ag-RDTs. METHODS AND FINDINGS We registered the review on PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020225140). We systematically searched multiple databases (PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, medRvix, bioRvix, and FIND) for publications evaluating the accuracy of Ag-RDTs for SARS-CoV-2 up until 30 April 2021. Descriptive analyses of all studies were performed, and when more than 4 studies were available, a random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled sensitivity and specificity in comparison to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. We assessed heterogeneity by subgroup analyses, and rated study quality and risk of bias using the QUADAS-2 assessment tool. From a total of 14,254 articles, we included 133 analytical and clinical studies resulting in 214 clinical accuracy datasets with 112,323 samples. Across all meta-analyzed samples, the pooled Ag-RDT sensitivity and specificity were 71.2% (95% CI 68.2% to 74.0%) and 98.9% (95% CI 98.6% to 99.1%), respectively. Sensitivity increased to 76.3% (95% CI 73.1% to 79.2%) if analysis was restricted to studies that followed the Ag-RDT manufacturers' instructions. LumiraDx showed the highest sensitivity, with 88.2% (95% CI 59.0% to 97.5%). Of instrument-free Ag-RDTs, Standard Q nasal performed best, with 80.2% sensitivity (95% CI 70.3% to 87.4%). Across all Ag-RDTs, sensitivity was markedly better on samples with lower RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values, i.e., <20 (96.5%, 95% CI 92.6% to 98.4%) and <25 (95.8%, 95% CI 92.3% to 97.8%), in comparison to those with Ct ≥ 25 (50.7%, 95% CI 35.6% to 65.8%) and ≥30 (20.9%, 95% CI 12.5% to 32.8%). Testing in the first week from symptom onset resulted in substantially higher sensitivity (83.8%, 95% CI 76.3% to 89.2%) compared to testing after 1 week (61.5%, 95% CI 52.2% to 70.0%). The best Ag-RDT sensitivity was found with anterior nasal sampling (75.5%, 95% CI 70.4% to 79.9%), in comparison to other sample types (e.g., nasopharyngeal, 71.6%, 95% CI 68.1% to 74.9%), although CIs were overlapping. Concerns of bias were raised across all datasets, and financial support from the manufacturer was reported in 24.1% of datasets. Our analysis was limited by the included studies' heterogeneity in design and reporting. CONCLUSIONS In this study we found that Ag-RDTs detect the vast majority of SARS-CoV-2-infected persons within the first week of symptom onset and those with high viral load. Thus, they can have high utility for diagnostic purposes in the early phase of disease, making them a valuable tool to fight the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Standardization in conduct and reporting of clinical accuracy studies would improve comparability and use of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas E. Brümmer
- Division of Tropical Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Mary Gaeddert
- Division of Tropical Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Stephani Schmitz
- Division of Tropical Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Bota
- Agaplesion Bethesda Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maurizio Grilli
- Library, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jan Larmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus A. Weigand
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nira R. Pollock
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | - Claudia M. Denkinger
- Division of Tropical Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Partner Site Heidelberg University Hospital, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Azhar A, Hassan N, Singh M, Al-Hosaini K, Kamal MA. Synopsis on Pharmotechnological Approaches in Diagnostic to Management Strategies in Fighting Against COVID-19. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:4086-4099. [PMID: 34269664 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210715154004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are projected to play a significant role in fighting against coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The various properties of NPs like magnetic and optical can be exploited to build diagnostic test kits. The unembellished morphological and physiochemical resemblances of SARS-CoV-2 with synthetic NPs make them a potent tool for mediation. Nanoparticles can be analytically functionalized with different proteins, polymers, and functional groups to perform specific inhibitory functions while also serving as delivery vehicles . Moreover, NPs can also be employed to prepare broad-spectrum respiratory drugs and vaccines that can guard seasonal flu and prepare the human race for the pandemic in the future. The present review outlines the role of NPs in detection, diagnostic and therapeutic against members of the coronavirus family. We emphasize nanomaterial-based approaches to address coronaviruses in general and SARS-CoV-2 in particular. We discuss NPs based detection systems like graphene (G-FET), biosensors, and plasmonic photothermal associated sensors. Inorganic, organic virus-like & self-assembly protein (VLP), and photodynamic inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 are also presented as therapeutic approaches exploiting NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Azhar
- Aligarh College of Education, Aligarh Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nazia Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Manvi Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Khaled Al-Hosaini
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2457, Riyadh 11451. Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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17
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Ayhan K, Coşansu S, Orhan-Yanıkan E, Gülseren G. Advance methods for the qualitative and quantitative determination of microorganisms. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Abstract
In the past 30 years, highly specific drugs, known as antibodies, have conquered the biopharmaceutical market. In addition to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody fragments are successfully applied. However, recombinant production faces challenges. Process analytical tools for monitoring and controlling production processes are scarce and time-intensive. In the downstream process (DSP), affinity ligands are established as the primary and most important step, while the application of other methods is challenging. The use of these affinity ligands as monitoring tools would enable a platform technology to monitor process steps in the USP and DSP. In this review, we highlight the current applications of affinity ligands (proteins A, G, and L) and discuss further applications as process analytical tools.
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19
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Huggett JF, Moran-Gilad J, Lee JE. COVID-19 new diagnostics development: novel detection methods for SARS-CoV-2 infection and considerations for their translation to routine use. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2021; 27:155-162. [PMID: 33654014 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW COVID-19 has put the in-vitro-diagnostic community under an unprecedented spotlight, with a global requirement for accurate SARS-CoV-2 tests. This review will outline technological responses to this need and the analytical considerations required for their translation to routine use. RECENT FINDINGS SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic solutions directly detect the virus or measure host-derived surrogate markers of infection. With pressure upon supply chains for the 'traditional' molecular approaches, a wide variety of analytical tools spanning the molecular, serology, imaging and chemistry space are being developed, including high throughput solutions and simplified near-patient formats. SUMMARY The unique genetic nature of SARS-CoV-2 means high analytical specificity is achievable by most diagnostic formats. However, clinical sensitivity assessment is complicated by wide discrepancies in analytical range and challenges associated with standardising these differences. When coupled with the acute nature of SARS-CoV-2 infection, reported precise metrics of test performance must be questioned. The response to SARS-CoV-2 has delivered considerable diagnostic innovation, but for a technology to be maximised, it must be demonstrably reproducible and fit for purpose. If novel diagnostic solutions for SARS-CoV-2 are to succeed, equally innovative mechanisms are needed to ensure widespread clinical and surveillance application, enabling agreed standards and metrics to ensure comparability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim F Huggett
- National Measurement Laboratory (NML) at LGC, Queens Rd, Teddington
- School of Biosciences & Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Jacob Moran-Gilad
- Department of Health Systems Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - J Eugene Lee
- Division of Policy and Strategy, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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20
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Sadighbayan D, Ghafar-Zadeh E. Portable Sensing Devices for Detection of COVID-19: A Review. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2021; 21:10219-10230. [PMID: 36790948 PMCID: PMC8769007 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2021.3059970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic is the most challenging incident that people have faced in recent years. Despite the time-consuming and expensive conventional methods, point-of-care diagnostics have a crucial role in deterrence, timely detection, and intensive care of the disease's progress. Hence, this detrimental health emergency persuaded researchers to accelerate the development of highly-scalable diagnostic devices to control the propagation of the virus even in the least developed countries. The strategies exploited for detecting COVID-19 stem from the already designed systems for studying other maladies, particularly viral infections. The present report reviews not only the novel advances in portable diagnostic devices for recognizing COVID-19, but also the previously existing biosensors for detecting other viruses. It discusses their adaptability for identifying surface proteins, whole viruses, viral genomes, host antibodies, and other biomarkers in biological samples. The prominence of different types of biosensors such as electrochemical, optical, and electrical for detecting low viral loads have been underlined. Thus, it is anticipated that this review will assist scientists who have embarked on a competition to come up with more efficient and marketable in-situ test kits for identifying the infection even in its incubation time without sample pretreatment. Finally, a conclusion is provided to highlight the importance of such an approach for monitoring people to combat the spread of such contagious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Sadighbayan
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (BioSA), Faculty of ScienceDepartment of BiologyYork University Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (BioSA), Lassonde School of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Faculty of ScienceDepartment of BiologyYork University Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada
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21
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Giovannini G, Haick H, Garoli D. Detecting COVID-19 from Breath: A Game Changer for a Big Challenge. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1408-1417. [PMID: 33825440 PMCID: PMC8043202 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is probably the most commonly heard word of the last 12 months. The outbreak of this virus (SARS-CoV-2) is strongly compromising worldwide healthcare systems, social behavior, and everyone's lives. The early diagnosis of COVID-19 and isolation of positive cases has proven to be fundamental in containing the spread of the infection. Even though the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods remain the gold standard for SARS-CoV-2 detection, the urgent demand for rapid and wide-scale diagnosis precipitated the development of alternative diagnostic approaches. The millions of tests performed every day worldwide are still insufficient to achieve the desired goal, that of screening the population during daily life. Probably the most appealing approach to consistently monitor COVID-19 spread is the direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 from exhaled breath. For instance, the challenging incorporation of reliable, highly sensitive, and cost-efficient detection methods in masks could represent a breakthrough in the development of portable and noninvasive point-of-care diagnosis for COVID-19. In this perspective paper, we discuss the critical technical aspects related to the application of breath analysis in the diagnosis of viral infection. We believe that, if achieved, it could represent a game-changer in containing the pandemic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Giovannini
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering
& The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI) Technion
− Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000003, Israel
| | - Denis Garoli
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163, Genova, Italy
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Free University
of Bozen, Piazza Università
5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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22
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Abdelhamid HN, Badr G. Nanobiotechnology as a platform for the diagnosis of COVID-19: a review. NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021. [PMCID: PMC7988262 DOI: 10.1007/s41204-021-00109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive method for diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly required to fight the current and future global health threats due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV 2). However, most of the current methods exhibited high false‐negative rates, resulting in patient misdiagnosis and impeding early treatment. Nanoparticles show promising performance and great potential to serve as a platform for diagnosing viral infection in a short time and with high sensitivity. This review highlighted the potential of nanoparticles as platforms for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Nanoparticles such as gold nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, and graphene (G) were applied to detect SARS-CoV 2. They have been used for molecular-based diagnosis methods and serological methods. Nanoparticles improved specificity and shorten the time required for the diagnosis. They may be implemented into small devices that facilitate the self-diagnosis at home or in places such as airports and shops. Nanoparticles-based methods can be used for the analysis of virus-contaminated samples from a patient, surface, and air. The advantages and challenges were discussed to introduce useful information for designing a sensitive, fast, and low-cost diagnostic method. This review aims to present a helpful survey for the lesson learned from handling this outbreak to prepare ourself for future pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Nasser Abdelhamid
- Advanced Multifunctional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Gamal Badr
- Laboratory of Immunology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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