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Kashif M, Acharya S, Khalil A. Molecular Interactions Leading to Advancements in the Techniques for COVID-19 Detection: A Review. J AOAC Int 2024; 107:519-528. [PMID: 38310327 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Since 2019 the world has been in a combat with the highly contagious disease COVID-19 which is caused by the rapid transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Detection of this disease in an early stage helps to control its spread and management. To combat this epidemic with one-time effective medication, improved quick analytical procedures must be developed and validated. The requirement for accurate and precise analytical methods for the diagnosis of the virus and antibodies in infected patients has been a matter of concern. The global impact of this virus has motivated scientists and researchers to investigate and develop various analytical diagnostic techniques. This review includes the study of standard methods which are reliable and accredited for the analytical recognition of the said virus. For early detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, RT-PCR (Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) is an accurate method among other methods and, thus, considered as the "gold standard" technique. Here, we outline the most extensively used analytical methods for diagnosing COVID-19, along with a brief description of each technique and its analytical aspects/perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kashif
- Aligarh Muslim University, Analytical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Swati Acharya
- Aligarh Muslim University, Analytical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Adila Khalil
- Aligarh Muslim University, Analytical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
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Koeffer J, Kolb M, Sorel O, Ulekleiv C, Feenstra JDM, Eigner U. Clinical performance evaluation of TAQPATH Enteric Bacterial Select Panel for the detection of common enteric bacterial pathogens in comparison to routine stool culture and other qPCR-based diagnostic tests. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0317223. [PMID: 38054723 PMCID: PMC10783074 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03172-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Enteric bacterial infections caused by Salmonella, Shigella, pathogenic Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter represent one of the most common causes of infectious enteritis worldwide. The timely and accurate diagnosis of pathogens causing gastroenteritis is crucial for patient care, public health, and disease surveillance. While stool culture has long been the standard and highly specific method for detecting enteric pathogens, it is labor-intensive and time-consuming with limited sensitivity. To improve patient outcomes, there is a need to implement new cost-effective approaches for the detection of bacterial enteric pathogens with higher sensitivity and faster time to result. This study shows that multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction-based tests, such as the TAQPATH Enteric Bacterial Select Panel, are accurate and cost-effective diagnostic alternatives for the detection and differentiation of the most common enteric bacterial pathogens, offering quicker time to result and higher sensitivity compared to routine stool culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Koeffer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, MVZ Labor Dr. Limbach & Kollegen GbR, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melissa Kolb
- Department of Infectious Diseases, MVZ Labor Dr. Limbach & Kollegen GbR, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oceane Sorel
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Ulrich Eigner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, MVZ Labor Dr. Limbach & Kollegen GbR, Heidelberg, Germany
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Shoute LCT, Charlton CL, Kanji JN, Babiuk S, Babiuk L, Chen J. Faradaic Impedimetric Immunosensor for Label-Free Point-of-Care Detection of COVID-19 Antibodies Using Gold-Interdigitated Electrode Array. BIOSENSORS 2023; 14:6. [PMID: 38248383 PMCID: PMC10812953 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Label-free electrochemical biosensors have many desirable characteristics in terms of miniaturization, scalability, digitization, and other attributes associated with point-of-care (POC) applications. In the era of COVID-19 and pandemic preparedness, further development of such biosensors will be immensely beneficial for rapid testing and disease management. Label-free electrochemical biosensors often employ [Fe(CN)6]-3/4 redox probes to detect low-concentration target analytes as they dramatically enhance sensitivity. However, such Faradaic-based sensors are reported to experience baseline signal drift, which compromises the performance of these devices. Here, we describe the use of a mecaptohexanoic (MHA) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) modified Au-interdigitated electrode arrays (IDA) to investigate the origin of the baseline signal drift, developed a protocol to resolve the issue, and presented insights into the underlying mechanism on the working of label-free electrochemical biosensors. Using this protocol, we demonstrate the application of MHA SAM-modified Au-IDA for POC analysis of human serum samples. We describe the use of a label-free electrochemical biosensor based on covalently conjugated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for POC detection of COVID-19 antibodies. The test requires a short incubation time (10 min), and has a sensitivity of 35.4/decade (35.4%/10 ng mL-1) and LOD of 21 ng/mL. Negligible cross reactivity to seasonal human coronavirus or other endogenous antibodies was observed. Our studies also show that Faradaic biosensors are ~17 times more sensitive than non-Faradaic biosensors. We believe the work presented here contributes to the fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanisms of baseline signal drift and will be applicable to future development of electrochemical biosensors for POC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian C. T. Shoute
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada;
| | - Carmen L. Charlton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (C.L.C.); (J.N.K.)
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, AB T2N 1M7, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute for Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jamil N. Kanji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (C.L.C.); (J.N.K.)
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, AB T2N 1M7, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada;
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Lorne Babiuk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada;
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
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Chang YJ, Nichols A. A Screening Program for SARS-CoV-2 among University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Residence Hall Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. HAWAI'I JOURNAL OF HEALTH & SOCIAL WELFARE 2023; 82:273-278. [PMID: 37969235 PMCID: PMC10630538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The University of Hawai'i at Mānoa (UHM) created a COVID-19 pandemic team to collaborate, plan, and mitigate the spread of COVID-19 across the campus. The purpose of this study was to identify asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 among unvaccinated UHM residence hall students during 3 distinct intervals (semesters) within the COVID-19 pandemic. Supervised self-administered nasal swab testing samples were collected from unvaccinated UHM residence hall students and sent to a clinical laboratory for COVID-19 RT-PCR testing to detect SARS-CoV-2. Positive cases were contacted and placed in isolation while contact tracing was initiated. The screening program performed 2219 tests on 725 unique persons with the identification of COVID-19 infections in 38 asymptomatic unvaccinated students and an additional 10 cases through contact tracing. A positive correlation existed between the screening program case numbers and the state of Hawai'i 7-day average positive cases as demonstrated with a Pearson coefficient of 0.79 and P<.001. The COVID-19 positivity rate was greater during Spring Semester 2022 compared to both Spring Semester 2021 (P<.001) and Fall Semester 2021 (P <.001). This program served as a component ofa larger strategy to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the UHM campus. Additional benefits of the program included opportunities to increase COVID-19 awareness, enact health policy measures, evolve to meet changing pandemic demands, and maintain a safe UHM campus.
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Sharma S, Upparakadiyala R, Chenchula S, Chavan M, Rangari G, Misra AK. Epidemiology, clinical presentation and treatment outcomes in patients with COVID-19 in an ambulatory setting: a cross sectional study during the massive SARS-CoV-2 wave in India. Bioinformation 2023; 19:939-945. [PMID: 37928498 PMCID: PMC10625366 DOI: 10.6026/97320630019939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has profoundly affected developing countries like India. This retrospective cross-sectional analysis investigated epidemiological, clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and outcomes for hospitalized COVID-19 patients during the Massive SARS-CoV-2 Wave in India. Among 233 patients, the median age was 47.33 years, mostly male. Hospital stays averaged 8.4 days. Common symptoms include fever (88.41%), dry cough (56.2%), myalgia (44.20%), and shortness of breath (22.8%). The most common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (52%) and hypertension (47.2%). Elevated biomarkers include D-dimer (24.4%), CRP (32.1%), ferritin (26.60%), and others. Prescription analysis revealed that antibiotics (42.6%), Antivirals (37%), anthelmintics (20.30%), vitamins and nutritional supplements (20.71%) and glucocorticoids (12.8%) were the most commonly prescribed. Oxygen therapy was needed by 19.31% of patients in the moderate and severe categories within 24 hours of admission. The mortality rate was 8.58%. The surge led to increased hospitalizations and mortality, particularly among young adults. Diabetes and hypertension were correlated with mortality. Irregular use of drugs lacking evidence, like antibiotics and anthelmintics, vitamins and nutritional supplements, was observed in COVID-19 management. This study underscores the impact of the pandemic in India and highlights the need for evidence-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India
| | - Rakesh Upparakadiyala
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, 522503, India
| | - Santenna Chenchula
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India
| | - Madhavrao Chavan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India
| | - Gaurav Rangari
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India
| | - Arup Kumar Misra
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India
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Sharmin M, Manivannan M, Woo D, Sorel O, Auclair JR, Gandhi M, Mujawar I. Cross-sectional Ct distributions from qPCR tests can provide an early warning signal for the spread of COVID-19 in communities. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1185720. [PMID: 37841738 PMCID: PMC10570742 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1185720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing data has been widely used for COVID-19 surveillance. Existing COVID-19 forecasting models mainly rely on case counts obtained from qPCR results, even though the binary PCR results provide a limited picture of the pandemic trajectory. Most forecasting models have failed to accurately predict the COVID-19 waves before they occur. Recently a model utilizing cross-sectional population cycle threshold (Ct-the number of cycles required for the fluorescent signal to cross the background threshold) values obtained from PCR tests (Ct-based model) was developed to overcome the limitations of using only binary PCR results. In this study, we aimed to improve on COVID-19 forecasting models using features derived from the Ct-based model, to detect epidemic waves earlier than case-based trajectories. Methods PCR data was collected weekly at Northeastern University (NU) between August 2020 and January 2022. Campus and county epidemic trajectories were generated from case counts. A novel forecasting approach was developed by enhancing a recent deep learning model with Ct-based features and applied in Suffolk County and NU campus. For this, cross-sectional Ct values from PCR data were used to generate Ct-based epidemic trajectories, including effective reproductive rate (Rt) and incidence. The improvement in forecasting performance was compared using absolute errors and residual squared errors with respect to actual observed cases at the 7-day and 14-day forecasting horizons. The model was also tested prospectively over the period January 2022 to April 2022. Results Rt curves estimated from the Ct-based model indicated epidemic waves 12 to 14 days earlier than Rt curves from NU campus and Suffolk County cases, with a correlation of 0.57. Enhancing the forecasting models with Ct-based information significantly decreased absolute error (decrease of 49.4 and 221.5 for the 7 and 14-day forecasting horizons) and residual squared error (40.6 and 217.1 for the 7 and 14-day forecasting horizons) compared to the original model without Ct features. Conclusion Ct-based epidemic trajectories can herald an earlier signal for impending epidemic waves in the community and forecast transmission peaks. Moreover, COVID-19 forecasting models can be enhanced using these Ct features to improve their forecasting accuracy. In this study, we make the case that public health agencies should publish Ct values along with the binary positive/negative PCR results. Early and accurate forecasting of epidemic waves can inform public health policies and countermeasures which can mitigate spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfuza Sharmin
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mani Manivannan
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - David Woo
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Océane Sorel
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jared R. Auclair
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Burlington, MA, United States
| | - Manoj Gandhi
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Imran Mujawar
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, CA, United States
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Mishra S, Aamna B, Parida S, Dan AK. Carbon-based biosensors: Next-generation diagnostic tool for target-specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). TALANTA OPEN 2023; 7:100218. [PMID: 37131405 PMCID: PMC10125215 DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2023.100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a global pandemic in 2020. Having rapidly spread around the globe, with the emergence of new variants, there is a crucial need to develop diagnostic kits for its rapid detection. Since it validated accuracy and reliability, the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test has been declared the gold standard for disease detection. However, despite its reliability, the requirement of specialized facilities, reagents, and duration of a PCR run limits its usage for rapid detection. There is thus a continuous increase in the design and development of rapid, point-of-care (PoC), and cost-effective diagnostic kits. In this review, we discuss the potential of carbon-based biosensors for target-specific detection of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and present an overview of investigation within the timeframe of the last four years (2019-2022), which have developed novel platforms using carbon nanomaterial-based approaches for viral detection. The approaches discussed offer rapid, accurate, and cost-effective strategies for COVID-19 detection for healthcare personnel and research workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Bari Aamna
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Sagarika Parida
- Department of Botany, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Aritra Kumar Dan
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
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Schuierer L, Kahn M, Messmann H, Kling E, Römmele C, Hoffmann R. Performance of the VitaPCR rapid molecular test for SARS-CoV-2 screening at hospital admission. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 106:115974. [PMID: 37224607 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.115974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of rapid VitaPCR™ (Credo) assay as screening test in emergency department (ED) patients prior to transfer or medical interventions. METHODS In this prospective study 6642 oropharyngeal swabs from nonpreselected ED patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 with (1) extraction-free VitaPCR and (2) extraction-based reference assays (Aptima®, cobas®, Xpert®Xpress). RESULTS The median TAT of VitaPCR was 47 minutes (IQR: 38-59), while reference assays required 6.2 hours (IQR: 4.4-13.3). VitaPCR's sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV was 77.9%, 99.9%, 97.9%, and 98.9% in relation to Hologic Panther TMA; 78.3%, 99.8%, 96.4%, and 98.5% compared to Roche cobas6800 PCR; 71.2%, 99.2%, 94.9%, and 94.3% using Cepheid GeneXpert PCR as reference. CONCLUSION High-sensitivity testing is needed to limit nosocomial spread and identify asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. However, time advantage of the VitaPCR must be weighed against its significantly lower sensitivity, especially when used in high-risk environments such as hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schuierer
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Maria Kahn
- III. Medical Clinic - Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Messmann
- III. Medical Clinic - Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kling
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Römmele
- III. Medical Clinic - Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hoffmann
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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Spicuzza L, Campagna D, Di Maria C, Sciacca E, Mancuso S, Vancheri C, Sambataro G. An update on lateral flow immunoassay for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:375-401. [PMID: 37091823 PMCID: PMC10113162 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last three years, after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented number of novel diagnostic tests have been developed. Assays to evaluate the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 have been widely considered as part of the control strategy. The lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), to detect both IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2, has been widely studied as a point-of-care (POC) test. Compared to laboratory tests, LFIAs are faster, cheaper and user-friendly, thus available also in areas with low economic resources. Soon after the onset of the pandemic, numerous kits for rapid antibody detection were put on the market with an emergency use authorization. However, since then, scientists have tried to better define the accuracy of these tests and their usefulness in different contexts. In fact, while during the first phase of the pandemic LFIAs for antibody detection were auxiliary to molecular tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19, successively these tests became a tool of seroprevalence surveillance to address infection control policies. When in 2021 a massive vaccination campaign was implemented worldwide, the interest in LFIA reemerged due to the need to establish the extent and the longevity of immunization in the vaccinated population and to establish priorities to guide health policies in low-income countries with limited access to vaccines. Here, we summarize the accuracy, the advantages and limits of LFIAs as POC tests for antibody detection, highlighting the efforts that have been made to improve this technology over the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Spicuzza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Leventopoulos M, Michou V, Kyprianidou C, Meristoudis C, Manias NG, Kavvadas HP, Nikolopoulos D, Tsilivakos V, Georgoulias G. Performance characteristics of the boson rapid SARS-cov-2 antigen test card vs RT-PCR: Cross-reactivity and emerging variants. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13642. [PMID: 36789386 PMCID: PMC9911158 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 virus has undergone several mutations on its genome, since the onset of the pandemic. Multiple variants of concern (VOC) have emerged including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta with the more recent one being the Omicron (B.1.1.529). Specific rapid antigen tests (RADs) have been used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. However, since the emergence of new VOCs, the performance characteristics of these RADs needs to be re-evaluated. Objectives The main purposes of this clinical study were to determine the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the BOSON Rapid Antigen Test compared to the gold standard real time RT-PCR and to determine the ability of the RAD to accurately depict different VOC. Additionally, the cross reactivity to other viruses and pathogen, as well as, the possible interference of non Covid-19 hospitalized patients for various causes, were investigated. Results A total of 623 individuals (symptomatic) were tested. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the BOSON RAD was 95.27%, 100% and 98.45% (n = 448), meeting the WHO recommended standards. Additionally, the Delta (83.33%, Ct < 34) and Omicron (100%, Ct < 26) VOC were determined with high sensitivity. Also, there was no interference from hospitalized, non-Covid 19 patients, and no cross-reactivity was detected. Conclusions The study showed that this RAD could rapidly identify individuals with SARS-CoV-2, including those with the new dominant Omicron VOC, with no cross reactivity from other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Leventopoulos
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Locus Medicus S.A., Athens, Greece,Corresponding author. Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Locus Medicus S.A., 246 Mesogeion Av., Cholargos, 155 61, Athens, Greece.
| | - Vassiliki Michou
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Genetics, Locus Medicus S.A., Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christos Meristoudis
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Genetics, Locus Medicus S.A., Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Vassilis Tsilivakos
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Locus Medicus S.A., Athens, Greece
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Yang DM, Chang TJ, Hung KF, Wang ML, Cheng YF, Chiang SH, Chen MF, Liao YT, Lai WQ, Liang KH. Smart healthcare: A prospective future medical approach for COVID-19. J Chin Med Assoc 2023; 86:138-146. [PMID: 36227021 PMCID: PMC9847685 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has greatly affected human life for over 3 years. In this review, we focus on smart healthcare solutions that address major requirements for coping with the COVID-19 pandemic, including (1) the continuous monitoring of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, (2) patient stratification with distinct short-term outcomes (eg, mild or severe diseases) and long-term outcomes (eg, long COVID), and (3) adherence to medication and treatments for patients with COVID-19. Smart healthcare often utilizes medical artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud computing and integrates cutting-edge biological and optoelectronic techniques. These are valuable technologies for addressing the unmet needs in the management of COVID. By leveraging deep learning/machine learning capabilities and big data, medical AI can perform precise prognosis predictions and provide reliable suggestions for physicians' decision-making. Through the assistance of the Internet of Medical Things, which encompasses wearable devices, smartphone apps, internet-based drug delivery systems, and telemedicine technologies, the status of mild cases can be continuously monitored and medications provided at home without the need for hospital care. In cases that develop into severe cases, emergency feedback can be provided through the hospital for rapid treatment. Smart healthcare can possibly prevent the development of severe COVID-19 cases and therefore lower the burden on intensive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Ming Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Microscopy Service Laboratory, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biophotonics, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Address correspondence. Dr. De-Ming Yang, Microscopy Service Laboratory, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail address: (D.-M. Yang). and Dr. Kung-Hao Liang, Laboratory of Systems Biomedical Science, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail: (K.-H. Liang)
| | - Tai-Jay Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Laboratory of Genome Research, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Biomedical science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai-Feng Hung
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Fu Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Su-Hua Chiang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Fang Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ting Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Laboratory of Systems Biomedical Science, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Qun Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Microscopy Service Laboratory, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biophotonics, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kung-Hao Liang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Laboratory of Systems Biomedical Science, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Address correspondence. Dr. De-Ming Yang, Microscopy Service Laboratory, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail address: (D.-M. Yang). and Dr. Kung-Hao Liang, Laboratory of Systems Biomedical Science, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail: (K.-H. Liang)
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12
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Styrzynski F, Zhakparov D, Schmid M, Roqueiro D, Lukasik Z, Solek J, Nowicki J, Dobrogowski M, Makowska J, Sokolowska M, Baerenfaller K. Machine Learning Successfully Detects Patients with COVID-19 Prior to PCR Results and Predicts Their Survival Based on Standard Laboratory Parameters in an Observational Study. Infect Dis Ther 2023; 12:111-129. [PMID: 36333475 PMCID: PMC9638383 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-022-00707-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the current COVID-19 pandemic, clinicians require a manageable set of decisive parameters that can be used to (i) rapidly identify SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, (ii) identify patients with a high risk of a fatal outcome on hospital admission, and (iii) recognize longitudinal warning signs of a possible fatal outcome. METHODS This comparative study was performed in 515 patients in the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Specialty Voivodeship Hospital in Zgierz, Poland. The study groups comprised 314 patients with COVID-like symptoms who tested negative and 201 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection; of the latter, 72 patients with COVID-19 died and 129 were released from hospital. Data on which we trained several machine learning (ML) models included clinical findings on admission and during hospitalization, symptoms, epidemiological risk, and reported comorbidities and medications. RESULTS We identified a set of eight on-admission parameters: white blood cells, antibody-synthesizing lymphocytes, ratios of basophils/lymphocytes, platelets/neutrophils, and monocytes/lymphocytes, procalcitonin, creatinine, and C-reactive protein. The medical decision tree built using these parameters differentiated between SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative patients with up to 90-100% accuracy. Patients with COVID-19 who on hospital admission were older, had higher procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and troponin I levels together with lower hemoglobin and platelets/neutrophils ratio were found to be at highest risk of death from COVID-19. Furthermore, we identified longitudinal patterns in C-reactive protein, white blood cells, and D dimer that predicted the disease outcome. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides sets of easily obtainable parameters that allow one to assess the status of a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the risk of a fatal disease outcome on hospital admission and during the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Styrzynski
- Department of Rheumatology with Subdepartment of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419, Lodz, Poland
| | - Damir Zhakparov
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Schmid
- University of Applied Sciences of the Grisons, 7000, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Damian Roqueiro
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zuzanna Lukasik
- Department of Rheumatology with Subdepartment of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419, Lodz, Poland
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Julia Solek
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Nowicki
- Department of Paediatrics, Newborn Pathology and Bone Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419, Lodz, Poland
| | - Milosz Dobrogowski
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Specialty Voivodeship Hospital, 95-100, Zgierz, Poland
| | - Joanna Makowska
- Department of Rheumatology with Subdepartment of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos, Switzerland.
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), 7265, Davos, Switzerland.
| | - Katja Baerenfaller
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard-Strasse 9, 7265, Davos, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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13
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Shoute LCT, Abdelrasoul GN, Ma Y, Duarte PA, Edwards C, Zhuo R, Zeng J, Feng Y, Charlton CL, Kanji JN, Babiuk S, Chen J. Label-free impedimetric immunosensor for point-of-care detection of COVID-19 antibodies. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:3. [PMID: 36597510 PMCID: PMC9805445 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed enormous challenges for existing diagnostic tools to detect and monitor pathogens. Therefore, there is a need to develop point-of-care (POC) devices to perform fast, accurate, and accessible diagnostic methods to detect infections and monitor immune responses. Devices most amenable to miniaturization and suitable for POC applications are biosensors based on electrochemical detection. We have developed an impedimetric immunosensor based on an interdigitated microelectrode array (IMA) to detect and monitor SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human serum. Conjugation chemistry was applied to functionalize and covalently immobilize the spike protein (S-protein) of SARS-CoV-2 on the surface of the IMA to serve as the recognition layer and specifically bind anti-spike antibodies. Antibodies bound to the S-proteins in the recognition layer result in an increase in capacitance and a consequent change in the impedance of the system. The impedimetric immunosensor is label-free and uses non-Faradaic impedance with low nonperturbing AC voltage for detection. The sensitivity of a capacitive immunosensor can be enhanced by simply tuning the ionic strength of the sample solution. The device exhibits an LOD of 0.4 BAU/ml, as determined from the standard curve using WHO IS for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins; this LOD is similar to the corresponding LODs reported for all validated and established commercial assays, which range from 0.41 to 4.81 BAU/ml. The proof-of-concept biosensor has been demonstrated to detect anti-spike antibodies in sera from patients infected with COVID-19 within 1 h. Photolithographically microfabricated interdigitated microelectrode array sensor chips & label-free impedimetric detection of COVID-19 antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian C. T. Shoute
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 Canada
| | - Gaser N. Abdelrasoul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 Canada
| | - Yuhao Ma
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 Canada
| | - Pedro A. Duarte
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 Canada
| | - Cole Edwards
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Ran Zhuo
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 Canada
| | - Yiwei Feng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 Canada
| | - Carmen L. Charlton
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7 Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute for Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Jamil N. Kanji
- Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7 Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4 Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
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Chaudhary KR, Kujur S, Singh K. Recent advances of nanotechnology in COVID 19: A critical review and future perspective. OPENNANO 2023; 9. [PMCID: PMC9749399 DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The global anxiety and economic crisis causes the deadly pandemic coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID 19) affect millions of people right now. Subsequently, this life threatened viral disease is caused due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, morbidity and mortality of infected patients are due to cytokines storm syndrome associated with lung injury and multiorgan failure caused by COVID 19. Thereafter, several methodological advances have been approved by WHO and US-FDA for the detection, diagnosis and control of this wide spreadable communicable disease but still facing multi-challenges to control. Herein, we majorly emphasize the current trends and future perspectives of nano-medicinal based approaches for the delivery of anti-COVID 19 therapeutic moieties. Interestingly, Nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with drug molecules or vaccines resemble morphological features of SARS-CoV-2 in their size (60–140 nm) and shape (circular or spherical) that particularly mimics the virus facilitating strong interaction between them. Indeed, the delivery of anti-COVID 19 cargos via a nanoparticle such as Lipidic nanoparticles, Polymeric nanoparticles, Metallic nanoparticles, and Multi-functionalized nanoparticles to overcome the drawbacks of conventional approaches, specifying the site-specific targeting with reduced drug loading and toxicities, exhibit their immense potential. Additionally, nano-technological based drug delivery with their peculiar characteristics of having low immunogenicity, tunable drug release, multidrug delivery, higher selectivity and specificity, higher efficacy and tolerability switch on the novel pathway for the prevention and treatment of COVID 19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabi Raj Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India,Department of Research and Development, United Biotech (P) Ltd. Bagbania, Nalagarh, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India,Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T Road, MOGA, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Sima Kujur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Karanvir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India,Department of Research and Development, United Biotech (P) Ltd. Bagbania, Nalagarh, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
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15
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Barrera Saldaña HA, Rivera Santiago C, Rodríguez Palacios R. SARS-CoV-2: Challenges in Reconverting Diagnostic Laboratories to Combat the Pandemic. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0147722. [PMID: 36314981 PMCID: PMC9769709 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01477-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first detected in Mexico in February 2020. Even though health authorities did not perceive then the value of viral detection tests, we anticipated the demand for them. We set up to develop an expeditious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) molecular diagnostic service through the implementation of standardized protocols for biospecimen sampling, transportation, biobanking, preanalytical validation, and nucleic acids (NA) testing (NAT). Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs collected in a special transportation medium were the biospecimens from which NAs were purified either manually or automatically. Viral RNA genome presence was determined using commercial SARS-CoV-2 detection kits (based on reverse transcription coupled with real-time PCR [RT-PCR]). Improvements in laboratory processing speed and reliability resulted from semi-automatizing laboratory processes and adopting a quality control/quality assurance system (QC/QA), respectively. NAs that were purified, either manually or automatically, were validated by preanalytical spectrophotometric characterization. Automated purification was less prone to contamination and reduced the processing time. The following six RT-PCR kits were evaluated for their convenience, specificity, sensitivity, time consumption, and required materials (in order, starting with the kit with the best results): RIDA gene and Viasure (tied), Vircell, LightMix, 1copy, and Logix Smart. Redesigning the laboratories' working areas, equipment, fluxes of personnel and material, and personnel skills, and overemphasizing biosafety safeguards were major challenges encountered in the middle of the sanitary crisis. Adopting a QC/QA system, utilizing automatization processes, and working closely with health authorities were key factors in our success. IMPORTANCE Rearranging our diagnostic laboratories to improve the fight against a new unexpected, unpredictable, and sudden public health threat demanded that we move quickly to redesign not only the laboratory processes but also the distribution of space, personnel activities, and fluxes of material coming in and out. We also had to work closely with governmental health authorities to gain their trust in our technical competence. Gaining the confidence of the clients, i.e., mainly individuals, the human resource departments of factories and corporations sending employees for testing, and medical institutions, and implementing as much automatization as possible of processes, in which only officially approved reagents (for extraction and analysis of NA) were used to generate opportune trustable testing results, were key factors. Our laboratories have gathered a considerable amount of experience and significant number of solutions, considering our geographic contexts alongside this continuously morphing pandemic, validating many techniques that might help other laboratories find a better and more precise workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Alberto Barrera Saldaña
- Columbia Comercial, SA de CV, División Columbia Biotec, Tlalpan, Mexico City, México
- Vitagénesis, SA de CV, and Innbiogem SC at LANSEIDI-CONACyT, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, School of Medicine, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, School of Biological Sciences, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
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16
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Zhang YF, Zhao Q. Comparison of Chest CT and RT-PCR Assay for Indication of Disease Course of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia. Curr Med Imaging 2022; 18:1462-1469. [PMID: 35579141 DOI: 10.2174/1573405618666220509115914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 patients' courses vary in length, indicating a variable prognosis. The disease duration revealed by different examination methods may differ. OBJECTIVE The study aims to compare the differences in the disease course of patients with COVID-19 by chest computed tomography (CT) and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay and explore the factors that affect the course of the illness. METHODS 106 patients confirmed with COVID-19 were enrolled and divided into two groups (age <60 years and age ≥60 years). The clinical characteristics of the two groups were analyzed. The intervals from symptoms onset to initial positive time point (ISIP), symptoms onset to the initial negative time point (ISIN), and initial positive to initial negative time point (IIPN) indicated by chest CT and RTPCR assay were analyzed. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the correlations between independent factors and the intervals. RESULTS Chest CT showed an earlier positive time point, a later negative time point, and a longer disease duration than the RT-PCR assay (P<.001, respectively). Older patients over 60 years old showed a later negative time point and a longer disease duration by chest CT than younger patients (P<.01 vs. P<.05, respectively). The CT score and clinical grades of older patients were greater than those of younger patients (P<.001, respectively). Age and clinical grades were significantly correlated with the disease course shown by chest CT (P<.05, respectively), and CT score was positively correlated with the illness course shown by chest CT and RT-PCR assay (P<.01, respectively). CONCLUSION The disease course revealed by chest CT and RT-PCR assay was asynchronous. Chest CT showed a 17-day longer period compared to the RT-PCR assay. Older patients had a longer duration than younger ones. A prolonged course is predicted by increasing age, CT score, and clinical grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P.R. China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Department of Ultrasonography, the Fifth Hospital in Wuhan, 430050, P.R. China
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17
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Castro ACH, Bezerra ÍRS, Pascon AM, da Silva GH, Philot EA, de Oliveira VL, Mancini RSN, Schleder GR, Castro CE, de Carvalho LRS, Fernandes BHV, Cilli EM, Sanches PRS, Santhiago M, Charlie-Silva I, Martinez DST, Scott AL, Alves WA, Lima RS. Modular Label-Free Electrochemical Biosensor Loading Nature-Inspired Peptide toward the Widespread Use of COVID-19 Antibody Tests. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14239-14253. [PMID: 35969505 PMCID: PMC9397565 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Limitations of the recognition elements in terms of synthesis, cost, availability, and stability have impaired the translation of biosensors into practical use. Inspired by nature to mimic the molecular recognition of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 S protein antibody (AbS) by the S protein binding site, we synthesized the peptide sequence of Asn-Asn-Ala-Thr-Asn-COOH (abbreviated as PEP2003) to create COVID-19 screening label-free (LF) biosensors based on a carbon electrode, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The PEP2003 is easily obtained by chemical synthesis, and it can be adsorbed on electrodes while maintaining its ability for AbS recognition, further leading to a sensitivity 3.4-fold higher than the full-length S protein, which is in agreement with the increase in the target-to-receptor size ratio. Peptide-loaded LF devices based on noncovalent immobilization were developed by affording fast and simple analyses, along with a modular functionalization. From studies by molecular docking, the peptide-AbS binding was found to be driven by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Moreover, the peptide is not amenable to denaturation, thus addressing the trade-off between scalability, cost, and robustness. The biosensor preserves 95.1% of the initial signal for 20 days when stored dry at 4 °C. With the aid of two simple equations fitted by machine learning (ML), the method was able to make the COVID-19 screening of 39 biological samples into healthy and infected groups with 100.0% accuracy. By taking advantage of peptide-related merits combined with advances in surface chemistry and ML-aided accuracy, this platform is promising to bring COVID-19 biosensors into mainstream use toward straightforward, fast, and accurate analyses at the point of care, with social and economic impacts being achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. H. Castro
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Ítalo R. S. Bezerra
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory,
Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials,
Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Aline M. Pascon
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory,
Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials,
Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Gabriela H. da Silva
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory,
Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials,
Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Eric A. Philot
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Vivian L. de Oliveira
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute,
University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São
Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. N. Mancini
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Gabriel R. Schleder
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied
Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138,
United States
| | - Carlos E. Castro
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo M. Cilli
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo
State University, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-900,
Brazil
| | - Paulo R. S. Sanches
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo
State University, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-900,
Brazil
| | - Murilo Santhiago
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory,
Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials,
Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Ives Charlie-Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences,
University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São
Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Diego S. T. Martinez
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory,
Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials,
Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ana L. Scott
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Wendel A. Alves
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Renato S. Lima
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory,
Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials,
Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of
Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970,
Brazil
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry,
University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
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18
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Fortunati S, Giliberti C, Giannetto M, Bolchi A, Ferrari D, Donofrio G, Bianchi V, Boni A, De Munari I, Careri M. Rapid Quantification of SARS-Cov-2 Spike Protein Enhanced with a Machine Learning Technique Integrated in a Smart and Portable Immunosensor. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:426. [PMID: 35735573 PMCID: PMC9220900 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
An IoT-WiFi smart and portable electrochemical immunosensor for the quantification of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was developed with integrated machine learning features. The immunoenzymatic sensor is based on the immobilization of monoclonal antibodies directed at the SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit on Screen-Printed Electrodes functionalized with gold nanoparticles. The analytical protocol involves a single-step sample incubation. Immunosensor performance was validated in a viral transfer medium which is commonly used for the desorption of nasopharyngeal swabs. Remarkable specificity of the response was demonstrated by testing H1N1 Hemagglutinin from swine-origin influenza A virus and Spike Protein S1 from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Machine learning was successfully used for data processing and analysis. Different support vector machine classifiers were evaluated, proving that algorithms affect the classifier accuracy. The test accuracy of the best classification model in terms of true positive/true negative sample classification was 97.3%. In addition, the ML algorithm can be easily integrated into cloud-based portable Wi-Fi devices. Finally, the immunosensor was successfully tested using a third generation replicating incompetent lentiviral vector pseudotyped with SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, thus proving the applicability of the immunosensor to whole virus detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fortunati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.F.); (C.G.); (A.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Chiara Giliberti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.F.); (C.G.); (A.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Marco Giannetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.F.); (C.G.); (A.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Angelo Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.F.); (C.G.); (A.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Davide Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.F.); (C.G.); (A.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Valentina Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.B.); (I.D.M.)
| | - Andrea Boni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.B.); (I.D.M.)
| | - Ilaria De Munari
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (V.B.); (A.B.); (I.D.M.)
| | - Maria Careri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (S.F.); (C.G.); (A.B.); (D.F.)
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19
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Liang P, Guo Q, Zhao T, Wen CY, Tian Z, Shang Y, Xing J, Jiang Y, Zeng J. Ag Nanoparticles with Ultrathin Au Shell-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Colorimetric and SERS Dual-Mode Detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8466-8473. [PMID: 35657150 PMCID: PMC9211040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin detection is essential for diagnosing progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection, for which SARS-CoV-2 IgG is one of the most important indexes. In this paper, Ag nanoparticles with ultrathin Au shells (∼2 nm) embedded with 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA) (AgMBA@Au) were manufactured via a ligand-assisted epitaxial growth method and integrated into lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for colorimetric and SERS dual-mode detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG. AgMBA@Au possessed not only the surface chemistry advantages of Au but also the superior optical characteristics of Ag. Moreover, the nanogap between the Ag core and the Au shell also greatly enhanced the Raman signal. After being modified with anti-human antibodies, AgMBA@Au recognized and combined with SARS-CoV-2 IgG, which was captured by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on the T line. Qualitative analysis was achieved by visually observing the color of the T line, and quantitative analysis was conducted by measuring the SERS signal with a sensitivity four orders of magnitude higher (detection limit: 0.22 pg/mL). The intra-assay and inter-assay variation coefficients were 7.7 and 10.3%, respectively, and other proteins at concentrations of 10 to 20 times higher than those of SARS-CoV-2 IgG could hardly produce distinguishable signals, confirming good reproducibility and specificity. Finally, this method was used to detect 107 clinical serum samples. The results agreed well with those obtained from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and were significantly better than those of the colloidal gold test strips. Therefore, this dual-mode LFIA has great potential in clinical practical applications and can be used to screen and trace the early immune response of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Liang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China
University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R.
China
| | - Qi Guo
- The
Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China
University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R.
China
| | - Cong-Ying Wen
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China
University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R.
China
| | - Zhangyu Tian
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China
University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R.
China
| | - Yanxue Shang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China
University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R.
China
| | - Jinyan Xing
- The
Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yongzhong Jiang
- Hubei
Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jingbin Zeng
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China
University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R.
China
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20
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Li X, Xiong M, Deng Q, Guo X, Li Y. The utility of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in laboratory diagnosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24534. [PMID: 35657146 PMCID: PMC9279953 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which has now become a global pandemic owing to its high transmissibility. The SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein tests are playing an important role in screening and diagnosing patients with COVID‐19, and studies about the utility of SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein tests are increasing now. Methods In this review, all the relevant original studies were assessed by searching in electronic databases including Scopus, Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science. “SARS‐CoV‐2”, “COVID‐19”, “nucleocapsid protein”, and “antigen detection” were used as keywords. Results In this review, we summarized the utility of SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein in laboratory diagnosis. Among the representative researches, this review analyzed, the sensitivity of SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein detection varies from 13% to 87.9%, while the specificity could almost reach 100% in most studies. As a matter of fact, the sensitivity is around 50% and could be higher or lower due to the influential factors. Conclusion It is well suggested that SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein is a convenient method with a short turnaround time of about half an hour, and the presence of N antigen is positively related to viral transmissibility, indicating that SARS‐CoV‐2 N protein immunoassays contribute to finding out those infected people rapidly and segregating them from the uninfected people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Li
- Class 11, Grade 2018, Medical School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiaoling Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobing Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Guest PC, Rahmoune H. COVID-19 Detection Using the NHS Lateral Flow Test Kit. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2511:297-305. [PMID: 35838969 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2395-4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Approximately one in three people infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus have mild symptoms or are asymptomatic. However, these individuals can still spread the virus. Regular self-testing can help to detect these individuals and thereby slow the spread and protect the more vulnerable members of society. Here, we present a protocol for use of the COVID-19 rapid antigen test which was made freely available to residents of the United Kingdom in April of this year. This using the lateral flow technique for detection of antigens and is amenable to multiplexing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Hassan Rahmoune
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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22
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Ahoto AT, Wang W. Effects of COVID-19 Outbreak on Persons with Chronic Health Conditions in Anglophone West Africa: A Qualitative Study Involving Key Stakeholders. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221092830. [PMID: 35522190 PMCID: PMC9083033 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221092830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the suffering of persons with chronic health conditions due to the increased demand for healthcare services in the pandemic. Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has become a key determinant of how health systems function, with most existing health conditions being given less attention. This study focused on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on persons with chronic diseases in four Anglophone West African countries (Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone) using in-depth interviews of a qualitative method to collect data from key stakeholders in chronic disease issues. The finding shows that COVID-19 caused fear, anxiety, and affected planned health delivery and resource location to interventions designed for chronic disease patients. The study also suggested training, improved technology in health delivery, increased resource location, and factoring persons with chronic health conditions into emergency health decision-making to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 and other future pandemics on persons with chronic health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - WenXin Wang
- Department of Public Administration, Law School/ Institute of Local Government Development, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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23
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Lv H, Wang J, Zhang J, Chen Y, Yin L, Jin D, Gu D, Zhao H, Xu Y, Wang J. Definition of CRISPR Cas12a T rans-Cleavage Units to Facilitate CRISPR Diagnostics. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:766464. [PMID: 34912315 PMCID: PMC8667580 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.766464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR diagnostic (CRISPR-Dx) technology that employs the trans-cleavage activities has shown great potential in diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, convenience, and portability, and has been recognized as the next-generation diagnostic methods. However, due to the lack of standardized definition of Cas trans-cleavage enzymatic units, it is difficult to standardize the present CRISPR-Dx systems, which have undoubtedly impeded the development of the CRISPR-Dx industry. To solve the problem, we here first systematically optimized the reaction systems for Cas12a, and then defined its trans-cleavage units (transU), which we believe will be of great importance and interest to researchers in both molecular diagnostic industry and basic research. Moreover, a simple protocol was provided to facilitate a step-by-step measurement of the Cas12a transU, which can also act as a reference for the definition of the transU for other Cas proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yijian Chen
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, National Health Commission, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Tolo Biotechnology Company Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Dian Jin
- TEDA Campus of Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Binhai New Area Development Zone, Tianjin, China
| | - Dayong Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huailong Zhao
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, China
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24
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Huang G, Zhao H, Li P, Liu J, Chen S, Ge M, Qin M, Zhou G, Wang Y, Li S, Cheng Y, Huang Q, Wang J, Wang H, Yang L. Construction of Optimal SERS Hotspots Based on Capturing the Spike Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 for Highly Sensitive and Specific Detection by a Fish Model. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16086-16095. [PMID: 34730332 PMCID: PMC8577364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
It is highly challenging to construct the best SERS hotspots for the detection of proteins by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Using its own characteristics to construct hotspots can achieve the effect of sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we built a fishing mode device to detect the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at low concentrations in different detection environments and obtained a sensitive SERS signal response. Based on the spatial resolution of proteins and their protein-specific recognition functions, SERS hotspots were constructed using aptamers and small molecules that can specifically bind to RBD and cooperate with Au nanoparticles (NPs) to detect RBD in the environment using SERS signals of beacon molecules. Therefore, two kinds of AuNPs modified with aptamers and small molecules were used in the fishing mode device, which can specifically recognize and bind RBD to form a stable hotspot to achieve high sensitivity and specificity for RBD detection. The fishing mode device can detect the presence of RBD at concentrations as low as 0.625 ng/mL and can produce a good SERS signal response within 15 min. Meanwhile, we can detect an RBD of 0.625 ng/mL in the mixed solution with various proteins, and the concentration of RBD in the complex environment of urine and blood can be as low as 1.25 ng/mL. This provides a research basis for SERS in practical applications for protein detection work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Huang
- Institute of Health and Medicine Technology, and Hefei
Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of
China, Hefei 230026, China
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- High Magnetic Field Science Center, Hefei Institutes
of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031,
China
| | - Pan Li
- Institute of Health and Medicine Technology, and Hefei
Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Hefei 230031, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- High Magnetic Field Science Center, Hefei Institutes
of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031,
China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Institute of Health and Medicine Technology, and Hefei
Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of
China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Meihong Ge
- Institute of Health and Medicine Technology, and Hefei
Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of
China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Miao Qin
- Institute of Health and Medicine Technology, and Hefei
Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of
China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guoliang Zhou
- Institute of Health and Medicine Technology, and Hefei
Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of
China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- Institute of Health and Medicine Technology, and Hefei
Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of
China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shaofei Li
- Institute of Health and Medicine Technology, and Hefei
Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of
China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yizhuang Cheng
- Institute of Health and Medicine Technology, and Hefei
Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of
China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems,
Fudan University, Shanghai 201203,
China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- High Magnetic Field Science Center, Hefei Institutes
of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031,
China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Institute of Health and Medicine Technology, and Hefei
Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of
China, Hefei 230026, China
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Liangbao Yang
- Institute of Health and Medicine Technology, and Hefei
Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of
China, Hefei 230026, China
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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25
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Mizrahi B, Bivas-Benita M, Kalkstein N, Akiva P, Yanover C, Yehezkelli Y, Kessler Y, Alon SH, Rubin E, Chodick G. Results of an early second PCR test performed on SARS-CoV-2 positive patients may support risk assessment for severe COVID-19. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20463. [PMID: 34650138 PMCID: PMC8516879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying patients at increased risk for severe COVID-19 is of high priority during the pandemic as it could affect clinical management and shape public health guidelines. In this study we assessed whether a second PCR test conducted 2–7 days after a SARS-CoV-2 positive test could identify patients at risk for severe illness. Analysis of a nationwide electronic health records data of 1683 SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals indicated that a second negative PCR test result was associated with lower risk for severe illness compared to a positive result. This association was seen across different age groups and clinical settings. More importantly, it was not limited to recovering patients but also observed in patients who still had evidence of COVID-19 as determined by a subsequent positive PCR test. Our study suggests that an early second PCR test may be used as a supportive risk-assessment tool to improve disease management and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barak Mizrahi
- KI Research Institute, 11 Hazayit st, Kfar Malal, Israel.
| | | | - Nir Kalkstein
- KI Research Institute, 11 Hazayit st, Kfar Malal, Israel
| | - Pinchas Akiva
- KI Research Institute, 11 Hazayit st, Kfar Malal, Israel
| | - Chen Yanover
- KI Research Institute, 11 Hazayit st, Kfar Malal, Israel
| | - Yoav Yehezkelli
- KI Research Institute, 11 Hazayit st, Kfar Malal, Israel.,School of Public Health, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoav Kessler
- Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Eitan Rubin
- Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Gabriel Chodick
- Maccabi Institute for Research and Innovation, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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26
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Alrashoudi AA, Albalawi HI, Aldoukhi AH, Moretti M, Bilalis P, Abedalthagafi M, Hauser CAE. Fabrication of a Lateral Flow Assay for Rapid In-Field Detection of COVID-19 Antibodies Using Additive Manufacturing Printing Technologies. Int J Bioprint 2021; 7:399. [PMID: 34805593 PMCID: PMC8600310 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v7i4.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) using three-dimensional (3D) printing and bioprinting technologies can enhance and accelerate the optimization process of the fabrication. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to investigate methods to speed up the developing process of a LFIA as a tool for community screening. To achieve this goal, an in-house developed robotic arm and microfluidic pumps were used to print the proteins during the development of the test. 3D printing technologies were used to design and print the housing unit for the testing strip. The proposed design was made by taking into consideration the environmental impact of this disposable medical device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulelah A. Alrashoudi
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed I. Albalawi
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H. Aldoukhi
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manola Moretti
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Panayiotis Bilalis
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak Abedalthagafi
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genomics Research, King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Charlotte A. E. Hauser
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Biochemical composition, transmission and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229295. [PMID: 34291285 PMCID: PMC8350435 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV-2), a novel human coronavirus. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by World Health Organization in March 2020 for its continuous and rapid spread worldwide. Rapidly emerging COVID-19 epicenters and mutants of concerns have created mammoth chaos in healthcare sectors across the globe. With over 185 million infections and approximately 4 million deaths globally, COVID-19 continues its unchecked spread despite all mitigation measures. Until effective and affordable antiretroviral drugs are made available and the population at large is vaccinated, timely diagnosis of the infection and adoption of COVID-appropriate behavior remains major tool available to curtail the still escalating COVID-19 pandemic. This review provides an updated overview of various techniques of COVID-19 testing in human samples and also discusses, in brief, the biochemical composition and mode of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2. Technological advancement in various molecular, serological and immunological techniques including mainly the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), CRISPR, lateral flow assays (LFAs), and immunosensors are reviewed.
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28
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Shen W. Dynamically adjusted strategy in response to developments in the COVID-19 pandemic as a new normal. Global Health 2021; 17:89. [PMID: 34372862 PMCID: PMC8352147 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-021-00746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, the developments of COVID-19 situation in different countries and regions have clearly differentiated. Due to differences in resources, infrastructure, and awareness of epidemic prevention and control, capabilities for COVID-19 prevention and control in various regions have also shown a significant imbalance as the COVID-19 epidemic is entering a new normal. The objectives of this study are to provide dynamically adjusted strategies in response to developments in the COVID-19 pandemic as a new normal. In the face of the new normal, one key is normalizing epidemic prevention and control. As part of this, we should implement precise policies based on the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic and particular response needs. In ongoing COVID-19 prevention and control, we must pay attention to new vulnerabilities and new features in the dynamics of the epidemic. In this study, health and government officials can benefit from insights of preparing ourselves for long-term challenges and both certainties and uncertainties in a future facing COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Shen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang University, China. 88# Jiefang road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, China.
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