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Kaźmierczak A, Tarkowská D, Plačková L, Doniak M, Doležal K. Hormonal crosstalk controls cell death induced by kinetin in roots of Vicia faba ssp. minor seedlings. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11661. [PMID: 37468550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of vitality/mortality of cortex cells, as well as of the concentrations of ethylene (ETH), gibberellins (GAs), indolic compounds/auxins (ICs/AUXs) and cytokinins (CKs), were undertaken to explain the hormonal background of kinetin (Kin)-regulated cell death (RCD), which is induced in the cortex of the apical parts of roots of faba bean (Vicia faba ssp. minor) seedlings. Quantification was carried out with fluorescence microscopy, ETH sensors, spectrophotometry and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‒MS/MS). The results indicated that Kin was metabolized to the transport form, i.e., kinetin-9-glucoside (Kin9G) and kinetin riboside (KinR). KinR was then converted to cis-zeatin (cZ) in apical parts of roots with meristems, to cis-zeatin riboside (cZR) in apical parts of roots without meristems and finally to cis-zeatin riboside 5'-monophosphate (cZR5'MP), which is indicated to be a ligand of cytokinin-dependent receptors inducing CD. The process may be enhanced by an increase in the amount of dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR) as a byproduct of the pathway of zeatin metabolism. It seems that crosstalk of ETH, ICs/AUXs, GAs and CKs with the cZR5'MP, the cis-zeatin-dependent pathway, but not the trans-zeatin-dependent pathway, is responsible for Kin-RCD, indicating that the process is very specific and offers a useful model for studies of CD hallmarks in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Doniak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Center of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Kaźmierczak A, Siatkowska E, Li R, Bothe S, Nick P. Kinetin induces microtubular breakdown, cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death in tobacco BY-2 cells. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:787-806. [PMID: 36239807 PMCID: PMC10125952 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells can undergo regulated cell death in response to exogenous factors (often in a stress context), but also as regular element of development (often regulated by phytohormones). The cellular aspects of these death responses differ, which implies that the early signalling must be different. We use cytokinin-induced programmed cell death as paradigm to get insight into the role of the cytoskeleton for the regulation of developmentally induced cell death, using tobacco BY-2 cells as experimental model. We show that this PCD in response to kinetin correlates with an arrest of the cell cycle, a deregulation of DNA replication, a loss of plasma membrane integrity, a subsequent permeabilisation of the nuclear envelope, an increase of cytosolic calcium correlated with calcium depletion in the culture medium, an increase of callose deposition and the loss of microtubule and actin integrity. We discuss these findings in the context of a working model, where kinetin, mediated by calcium, causes the breakdown of the cytoskeleton, which, either by release of executing proteins or by mitotic catastrophe, will result in PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Cytophysiology, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ewa Siatkowska
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Cytophysiology, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ruoxi Li
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sophie Bothe
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Kaźmierczak A, Kunikowska A, Doniak M, Kornaś A. Mechanism of kinetin-induced death of Vicia faba ssp. minor root cortex cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23746. [PMID: 34887458 PMCID: PMC8660813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death (CD) may be induced by endogenous or exogenous factors and contributes to all the steps of plant development. This paper presents results related to the mechanism of CD regulation induced by kinetin (Kin) in the root cortex of Vicia faba ssp. minor. To explain the process, 6-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylamino)purine (PI-55), adenine (Ad), 5'-amine-5'-deoxyadenosine (Ado) and N-(2-chloro-4-piridylo)-N'-phenylurea (CPPU) were applied to (i) block cytokinin receptors (CKs) and inhibit the activities of enzymes of CK metabolism, i.e., (ii) phosphoribosyltransferase, (iii) kinases, and (iv) oxidases, respectively. Moreover, ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), lanthanum chloride (LaCl3), ruthenium red (RRed) and cyclosporine A (CS-A) were applied to (i) chelate extracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) as well as blocks of (ii) plasma-, (iii) endoplasmic reticulum- (ER) membrane Ca2+ ion channels and (iv) mitochondria- (MIT) Ca2+ ions release by permeability transition por (PTP), respectively. The measured physiological effectiveness of these factors was the number of living and dying cortex cells estimated with orange acridine (OA) and ethidium bromide (EB), the amounts of cytosolic Ca2+ ions with chlortetracycline (CTC) staining and the intensity of chromatin and Ca2+-CTC complex fluorescence, respectively. Moreover, the role of sorafenib, an inhibitor of RAF kinase, on the vitality of cortex cells and ethylene levels as well as the activities of RAF-like kinase and MEK2 with Syntide-2 and Mek2 as substrates were studied. The results clarified the previously presented suggestion that Kin is converted to appropriate ribotides (5'-monophosphate ribonucleotides), which cooperate with the ethylene and Ca2+ ion signalling pathways to transduce the signal of kinetin-programmed cell death (Kin-PCD). Based on the present and previously published results related to Kin-PCD, the crosstalk between ethylene and MAP kinase signalling, as well as inhibitors of CK receptors and enzymes of their metabolism, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anita Kunikowska
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Doniak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kornaś
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084, Kraków, Poland
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Gadzinowska J, Dziurka M, Ostrowska A, Hura K, Hura T. Phytohormone synthesis pathways in sweet briar rose (Rosa rubiginosa L.) seedlings with high adaptation potential to soil drought. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:745-750. [PMID: 32768989 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the phytohormone profile of sweet briar rose (Rosa rubiginosa L.) seedlings and privileged synthesis pathways of individual hormones including gibberellins, cytokinins and auxins in response to long-term soil drought. We detected eight gibberellins, nine auxins and fifteen cytokinins. Abscisic acid (ABA) was also detected as a sensitive indicator of water stress. Thirty days of soil drought induced significant increase of ABA content and species-specific quantitative changes of other phytohormones. We established preferred synthesis pathways for three gibberellins, six auxins and eight cytokinins. Both an increase and decrease in gibberellin and cytokinin levels may modulate sweet briar's response to soil water shortage. In the case of auxins, induction of effective adaptation mechanisms to extremely dry environments is mostly triggered by their rising levels. Under drought stress, sweet briar seedlings increased their gibberellin pool at the expense of reducing the pool of cytokinins and auxins. This may indicate a specific role of gibberellins in adaptation mechanisms to long-term soil water deficit developed by sweet briar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gadzinowska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ostrowska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hura
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hura
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland.
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