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Jankovic A, Kalezic A, Korac A, Buzadzic B, Storey KB, Korac B. Integrated Redox-Metabolic Orchestration Sustains Life in Hibernating Ground Squirrels. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:345-368. [PMID: 36802926 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The ultimate manifestations of life, birth, survival under various environmental pressures and death are based on bioenergetics. Hibernation is a unique survival strategy for many small mammals that is characterised by severe metabolic depression and transition from euthermia to hypothermia (torpor) at body temperatures close to 0°C. These manifestations of life were made possible by the remarkable "social" behavior of biomolecules during billions of years of evolution: the evolution of life with oxygen. Oxygen was necessary for energy production and the evolutionary explosion of aerobic organisms. Recent Advances: Nevertheless, reactive oxygen species, formed through oxidative metabolism, are dangerous-they can kill a cell and, on the other hand, play a plethora of fundamentally valuable roles. Therefore, the evolution of life depended on energy metabolism and redox-metabolic adaptations. The more extreme the conditions for survival are, the more sophisticated the adaptive responses of organisms become. Hibernation is a beautiful illustration of this principle. Hibernating animals use evolutionarily conserved molecular mechanisms to survive adverse environmental conditions, including reducing body temperature to ambient levels (often to ∼0°C) and severe metabolic depression. This long-built secret of life lies at the intersection of oxygen, metabolism, and bioenergetics, and hibernating organisms have learned to exploit all the underlying capacities of molecular pathways to survive. Critical Issues: Despite such drastic changes in phenotype, tissues and organs of hibernators sustain no metabolic or histological damage during hibernation or upon awakening from hibernation. This was made possible by the fascinating integration of redox-metabolic regulatory networks whose molecular mechanisms remain undisclosed to this day. Future Directions: Discovering these molecular mechanisms is not warranted only to understand hibernation in itself but to help explain complex medical conditions (hypoxia/reoxygenation, organ transplantation, diabetes, and cancer) and to even help overcome limitations associated with space travel. This is a review of integrated redox-metabolic orchestration in hibernation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 345-368.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jankovic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andjelika Kalezic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Biljana Buzadzic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Bato Korac
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Li JY, Sun XA, Wang X, Yang NH, Xie HY, Guo HJ, Lu L, Xie X, Zhou L, Liu J, Zhang W, Lu LM. PGAM5 exacerbates acute renal injury by initiating mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by facilitating mitochondrial cytochrome c release. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:125-136. [PMID: 37684381 PMCID: PMC10770374 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a worldwide public health problem characterized by the massive loss of tubular cells. However, the precise mechanism for initiating tubular cell death has not been fully elucidated. Here, we reported that phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) was upregulated in renal tubular epithelial cells during ischaemia/reperfusion or cisplatin-induced AKI in mice. PGAM5 knockout significantly alleviated the activation of the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway and tubular apoptosis. Apoptosis inhibitors alleviated the activation of the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway. Mechanistically, as a protein phosphatase, PGAM5 could dephosphorylate Bax and facilitate Bax translocation to the mitochondrial membrane. The translocation of Bax to mitochondria increased membrane permeability, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and facilitated the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c (Cyt c) into the cytoplasm. Knockdown of Bax attenuated PGAM5 overexpression-induced Cyt c release and tubular cell apoptosis. Our results demonstrated that the increase in PGAM5-mediated Bax dephosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation was implicated in the development of AKI by initiating mitochondrial Cyt c release and activating the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway. Targeting this axis might be beneficial for alleviating AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xi-Ang Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ning-Hao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong-Yan Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Heng-Jiang Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671013, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Li-Min Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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Sun P, Chen HC, Lu S, Hai J, Guo W, Jing YH, Wang B. Simultaneous Sensing of H 2S and ATP with a Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe in Alzheimer's Disease: toward Understanding Why H 2S Regulates Glutamate-Induced ATP Dysregulation. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11573-11581. [PMID: 35943780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Energy deprivation and reduced levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the brain is closely associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is currently no fluorescent probe for precise exploration of both H2S and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to directly demonstrate their relationship and their dynamic pattern changes. Herein, we developed a two-photon fluorescent probe, named AD-3, to simultaneously image endogenous H2S and ATP from two emission channels of fluorescent signals in live rat brains with AD. The probe achieved excellent selectivity and good detection linearity for H2S in the 0-100 μM concentration range and ATP in the 2-5 mM concentration range, respectively, with a detection limit of 0.19 μM for H2S and 0.01 mM for ATP. Fluorescence imaging in live cells reveals that such probe could successfully apply for simultaneous imaging and accurate quantification of H2S and ATP in neuronal cells. Further using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blots, we confirmed that H2S regulates ATP synthesis by acting on cytochrome C, cytochrome oxidase subunit 3 of complex IV, and protein 6 of complex I in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Subsequently, we constructed a high-throughput screening platform based on AD-3 probe to rapidly screen the potential anti-AD drugs to control glutamate-stimulated oxidative stress associated with abnormal H2S and ATP levels. Significantly, AD-3 probe was found capable of imaging of H2S and ATP in APP/PS1 mice, and the concentration of H2S and ATP in the AD mouse brain was found to be lower than that in wild-type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Chao Chen
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Hong Jing
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Baodui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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Ranjana M, Sunil D. Naphthalimide derivatives as fluorescent probes for imaging endogenous gasotransmitters. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 363:110022. [PMID: 35753358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Gasotransmitters have gained significant recognition attributed to their evident biological impacts, and is accepted as a promising and less-explored area with immense research scope. The three-member family comprising of nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulphide as endogenous gaseous signaling molecules have been found to elicit a plethora of crucial biological functions, spawning a new research area. The sensing of these small molecules is vital to gain deeper insights into their functions, as they can act both as a friend or a foe in mammalian systems. The initial sections of the review present the physiological and pathophysiological roles of these endogenous gas transmitters and their synergistic interactions. Further, various detection approaches, especially the usage of fascinating features of 1,8-naphthalimide as fluorescent probe in the detection and monitoring of these small signaling molecules are highlighted. The current limitations and the future scope of improving the sensing of the three gasotransmitters are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ranjana
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhanya Sunil
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India.
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Hydrogen sulfide supplement preserves mitochondrial function of retinal ganglion cell in a rat glaucoma model. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:171-185. [PMID: 35593936 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of visual system characterized by gradual loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). Since mitochondrial dysfunction of RGC is significantly involved in the pathological mechanisms of glaucoma, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) takes part in the pathogeny of glaucoma and shows promising potential in restoring mitochondrial function in other neurons, the authors aimed to investigate the impact of H2S on mitochondrial function of RGC with a rat glaucoma model. An established chronic ocular hypertension (COH) rat model induced by injection of cross-linking hydrogel into anterior chamber was adopted, and a H2S donor, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), was selected to treat rats through intraperitoneal injection. After a period of 4 weeks, RGCs were isolated from the subjected rats with an immunopanning method and went through evaluations of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, intracellular Ca2 + level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and cytosolic Cytochrome C distribution. The results showed that the mitochondrial function of RGC in experimental glaucoma was markedly improved by H2S supplement, being presented as stabilization of MMP, alleviation of MPTP opening, improvement of intracellular Ca2+ hemostasis, reduction of ROS accumulation, and inhibition of Cytochrome C release. Our study implicated that preservation of mitochondrial function by H2S probably plays a key role in protecting RGC in the context of glaucomatous neuropathy, and it is worth further deepgoing research to benefit the development of glaucoma treatment.
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Wernimont SM, Radosevich J, Jackson MI, Ephraim E, Badri DV, MacLeay JM, Jewell DE, Suchodolski JS. The Effects of Nutrition on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Cats and Dogs: Impact on Health and Disease. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1266. [PMID: 32670224 PMCID: PMC7329990 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome of cats and dogs is increasingly recognized as a metabolically active organ inextricably linked to pet health. Food serves as a substrate for the GI microbiome of cats and dogs and plays a significant role in defining the composition and metabolism of the GI microbiome. The microbiome, in turn, facilitates the host's nutrient digestion and the production of postbiotics, which are bacterially derived compounds that can influence pet health. Consequently, pet owners have a role in shaping the microbiome of cats and dogs through the food they choose to provide. Yet, a clear understanding of the impact these food choices have on the microbiome, and thus on the overall health of the pet, is lacking. Pet foods are formulated to contain the typical nutritional building blocks of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, but increasingly include microbiome-targeted ingredients, such as prebiotics and probiotics. Each of these categories, as well as their relative proportions in food, can affect the composition and/or function of the microbiome. Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary components may impact not only GI disease, but also allergies, oral health, weight management, diabetes, and kidney disease through changes in the GI microbiome. Until recently, the focus of microbiome research was to characterize alterations in microbiome composition in disease states, while less research effort has been devoted to understanding how changes in nutrition can influence pet health by modifying the microbiome function. This review summarizes the impact of pet food nutritional components on the composition and function of the microbiome and examines evidence for the role of nutrition in impacting host health through the microbiome in a variety of disease states. Understanding how nutrition can modulate GI microbiome composition and function may reveal new avenues for enhancing the health and resilience of cats and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eden Ephraim
- Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, KS, United States
| | | | | | - Dennis E. Jewell
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, United States
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7
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Szabo C. The re-emerging pathophysiological role of the cystathionine-β-synthase - hydrogen sulfide system in Down syndrome. FEBS J 2020; 287:3150-3160. [PMID: 31955501 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is associated with significant perturbances in many morphological and biochemical features. Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) is one of the key mammalian enzymes that is responsible for the biological production of the gaseous transmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2 S). When H2 S is overproduced, it can exert detrimental cellular effects, in part due to inhibition of mitochondrial Complex IV activity. An increased expression of CBS and the consequent overproduction of H2 S are well documented in individuals with DS. Two decades ago, it has been proposed that a toxic overproduction of H2 S importantly contributes to the metabolic and neurological deficits associated with DS. However, until recently, this hypothesis has not yet been tested experimentally. Recent data generated in human dermal fibroblasts show that DS cells overproduce H2 S, which, in turn, suppresses mitochondrial Complex IV activity and impairs mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP generation. Therapeutic CBS inhibition lifts the tonic (and reversible) suppression of Complex IV: This results in the normalization of mitochondrial function in DS cells. H2 S may also contribute to the cellular dysfunction via several other molecular mechanisms through interactions with various mitochondrial and extramitochondrial molecular targets. The current article provides a historical background of the field, summarizes the recently published data and their potential implications, and outlines potential translational approaches (such as CBS inhibition and H2 S neutralization) and future experimental studies in this re-emerging field of pathobiochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
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Murphy B, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Hydrogen sulfide signaling in mitochondria and disease. FASEB J 2019; 33:13098-13125. [PMID: 31648556 PMCID: PMC6894098 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901304r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide can signal through 3 distinct mechanisms: 1) reduction and/or direct binding of metalloprotein heme centers, 2) serving as a potent antioxidant through reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species scavenging, or 3) post-translational modification of proteins by addition of a thiol (-SH) group onto reactive cysteine residues: a process known as persulfidation. Below toxic levels, hydrogen sulfide promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and function, thereby conferring protection against cellular stress. For these reasons, increases in hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen sulfide-producing enzymes have been implicated in several human disease states. This review will first summarize our current understanding of hydrogen sulfide production and metabolism, as well as its signaling mechanisms; second, this work will detail the known mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide in the mitochondria and the implications of its mitochondrial-specific impacts in several pathologic conditions.-Murphy, B., Bhattacharya, R., Mukherjee, P. Hydrogen sulfide signaling in mitochondria and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennah Murphy
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Li SJ, Li YF, Liu HW, Zhou DY, Jiang WL, Ou-Yang J, Li CY. A Dual-Response Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Viscosity and H2S and Its Application in Studying Their Cross-Talk Influence in Mitochondria. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9418-9425. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Jiao Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
| | - Yong-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
| | - Hong-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
| | - Dong-Ye Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
| | - Wen-Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
| | - Juan Ou-Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
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Cystathionine β-Synthase in Physiology and Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3205125. [PMID: 30050925 PMCID: PMC6046153 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3205125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) regulates homocysteine metabolism and contributes to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) biosynthesis through which it plays multifunctional roles in the regulation of cellular energetics, redox status, DNA methylation, and protein modification. Inactivating mutations in CBS contribute to the pathogenesis of the autosomal recessive disease CBS-deficient homocystinuria. Recent studies demonstrating that CBS promotes colon and ovarian cancer growth in preclinical models highlight a newly identified oncogenic role for CBS. On the contrary, tumor-suppressive effects of CBS have been reported in other cancer types, suggesting context-dependent roles of CBS in tumor growth and progression. Here, we review the physiological functions of CBS, summarize the complexities regarding CBS research in oncology, and discuss the potential of CBS and its key metabolites, including homocysteine and H2S, as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis or therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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de Oliveira MR. Carnosic Acid as a Promising Agent in Protecting Mitochondria of Brain Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6687-6699. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lee SR, Nilius B, Han J. Gaseous Signaling Molecules in Cardiovascular Function: From Mechanisms to Clinical Translation. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 174:81-156. [PMID: 29372329 DOI: 10.1007/112_2017_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and nitric oxide (NO) constitute endogenous gaseous molecules produced by specific enzymes. These gases are chemically simple, but exert multiple effects and act through shared molecular targets to control both physiology and pathophysiology in the cardiovascular system (CVS). The gases act via direct and/or indirect interactions with each other in proteins such as heme-containing enzymes, the mitochondrial respiratory complex, and ion channels, among others. Studies of the major impacts of CO, H2S, and NO on the CVS have revealed their involvement in controlling blood pressure and in reducing cardiac reperfusion injuries, although their functional roles are not limited to these conditions. In this review, the basic aspects of CO, H2S, and NO, including their production and effects on enzymes, mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis, and ion channels are briefly addressed to provide insight into their biology with respect to the CVS. Finally, potential therapeutic applications of CO, H2S, and NO with the CVS are addressed, based on the use of exogenous donors and different types of delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ryul Lee
- Department of Convergence Biomedical Science, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bernd Nilius
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Szabo C, Papapetropoulos A. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CII: Pharmacological Modulation of H 2S Levels: H 2S Donors and H 2S Biosynthesis Inhibitors. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:497-564. [PMID: 28978633 PMCID: PMC5629631 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an important endogenous gasotransmitter in mammalian cells and tissues. Similar to the previously characterized gasotransmitters nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, H2S is produced by various enzymatic reactions and regulates a host of physiologic and pathophysiological processes in various cells and tissues. H2S levels are decreased in a number of conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus, ischemia, and aging) and are increased in other states (e.g., inflammation, critical illness, and cancer). Over the last decades, multiple approaches have been identified for the therapeutic exploitation of H2S, either based on H2S donation or inhibition of H2S biosynthesis. H2S donation can be achieved through the inhalation of H2S gas and/or the parenteral or enteral administration of so-called fast-releasing H2S donors (salts of H2S such as NaHS and Na2S) or slow-releasing H2S donors (GYY4137 being the prototypical compound used in hundreds of studies in vitro and in vivo). Recent work also identifies various donors with regulated H2S release profiles, including oxidant-triggered donors, pH-dependent donors, esterase-activated donors, and organelle-targeted (e.g., mitochondrial) compounds. There are also approaches where existing, clinically approved drugs of various classes (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories) are coupled with H2S-donating groups (the most advanced compound in clinical trials is ATB-346, an H2S-donating derivative of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound naproxen). For pharmacological inhibition of H2S synthesis, there are now several small molecule compounds targeting each of the three H2S-producing enzymes cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-γ-lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. Although many of these compounds have their limitations (potency, selectivity), these molecules, especially in combination with genetic approaches, can be instrumental for the delineation of the biologic processes involving endogenous H2S production. Moreover, some of these compounds (e.g., cell-permeable prodrugs of the CBS inhibitor aminooxyacetate, or benserazide, a potentially repurposable CBS inhibitor) may serve as starting points for future clinical translation. The present article overviews the currently known H2S donors and H2S biosynthesis inhibitors, delineates their mode of action, and offers examples for their biologic effects and potential therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (C.S.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece (A.P.); and Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.P.)
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (C.S.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece (A.P.); and Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.P.)
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Untereiner AA, Oláh G, Módis K, Hellmich MR, Szabo C. H 2S-induced S-sulfhydration of lactate dehydrogenase a (LDHA) stimulates cellular bioenergetics in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 136:86-98. [PMID: 28404377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) is upregulated and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production is increased in colon cancer cells. The functional consequence of this response is stimulation of cellular bioenergetics and tumor growth and proliferation. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is also upregulated in various colon cancer cells and has been previously implicated in tumor cell bioenergetics and proliferation. In the present study, we sought to determine the potential interaction between the H2S pathway and LDH activity in the control of bioenergetics and proliferation of colon cancer, using the colon cancer line HCT116. Low concentrations of GYY4137 (a slow-releasing H2S donor) enhanced mitochondrial function (oxygen consumption, ATP production, and spare respiratory capacity) and glycolysis in HCT116 cells. SiRNA-mediated transient silencing of LDHA attenuated the GYY4137-induced stimulation of mitochondrial respiration, but not of glycolysis. H2S induced the S-sulfhydration of Cys163 in recombinant LDHA, and stimulated LDHA activity. The H2S-induced stimulation of LDHA activity was absent in C163A LDHA. As shown in HCT116 cell whole extracts, in addition to LDHA activation, GYY4137 also stimulated LDHB activity, although to a smaller extent. Total cellular lactate and pyruvate measurements showed that in HCT116 cells LDHA catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate. Total cellular lactate levels were increased by GYY4137 in wild-type cells (but not in cells with LDHA silencing). LDHA silencing sensitized HCT116 cells to glucose oxidase (GOx)-induced oxidative stress; this was further exacerbated with GYY4137 treatment. Treatment with low concentrations of GYY4137 (0.3mM) or GOx (0.01U/ml) significantly increased the proliferation rate of HCT116 cells; the effect of GOx, but not the effect of GYY4137 was attenuated by LDHA silencing. The current report points to the involvement of LDHA in the stimulatory effect of H2S on mitochondrial respiration in colon cancer cells and characterizes some of the functional interactions between LDHA and H2S-stimulated bioenergetics under resting conditions, as well as during oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Untereiner
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gabor Oláh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Katalin Módis
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mark R Hellmich
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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The Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide on Adipocyte Viability in Human Adipocyte and Adipocyte-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Cultures Under Ischemic Conditions. Ann Plast Surg 2016. [PMID: 26207556 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000000595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the in vitro effects of hydrogen sulfide on adipocyte survival under ischemic conditions and explored possible mechanisms of its apoptotic process. METHODS The mesenchymal stem cell culture was prepared from a human subcutaneous adipose tissue sample. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were differentiated into the adipogenic direction, and a mature adipocyte culture was obtained. The adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell and mature adipocyte cultures were both divided into 6 groups. Sodium hydrogen sulfide was used as a hydrogen sulfide donor. After treating the groups with sodium hydrogen sulfide (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 μM), the cell cultures were incubated in 1% oxygen at 37°C for 24 hours. After the ischemia period, the cell culture groups were evaluated with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test for the proliferation/cytotoxicity rates, flow cytometry for apoptosis and necrosis rates, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for apoptotic (Bax, Caspase-3) and antiapoptotic (Bcl-2) gene expression levels. RESULTS Statistically significant increases in proliferation rates were found in mesenchymal stem cell groups treated with low dose (0, 1, and 1 μM) sodium hydrogen sulfide (P<0.05). For each dose, a statistically significant decrease was found in late apoptosis levels on the mature adipocyte cultures (P<0.05). In both cell culture groups, Bcl-2 gene expression was increased and Caspase-3 gene expression was decreased. CONCLUSIONS Under ischemic conditions, hydrogen sulfide has a protective effect on mesenchymal stem cells and mature adipocytes, and this effect is mediated by the elevation of antiapoptotic gene expression.
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Jing G, Zhou J, Zhu S. Effects of nitric oxide on mitochondrial oxidative defence in postharvest peach fruits. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1997-2003. [PMID: 26084831 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been confirmed that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fruit can cause oxidative damage and nitric oxide (NO) can regulate the accumulation of ROS and the antioxidative defence of fruit. However, little is known about the roles of NO on the antioxidant system in mitochondria of fruit. In this study, Feicheng peach fruits were dipped with 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO) and NO solutions to explore the effects of NO on the membrane permeability transition and antioxidant system in mitochondria of peach fruit. RESULTS Treatment with 15 µmol L(-1) NO solution could delay the decrease of mitochondrial permeability transition and decrease the content of ROS in mitochondria. Besides, when the endogenous NO was scavenged by c-PTIO, the ROS in mitochondria increased greatly and superoxide dismutase activity decreased, while the content and activities of peroxidase and catalase changed slightly. CONCLUSION By delaying the decrease of mitochondrial permeability transition, 15 µmol L(-1) NO treatment could promote a more stable internal medium in mitochondria of Feicheng peach fruit. The increases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes in mitochondria caused by the remove of endogenous NO suggested that NO also plays an important role in the mitochondrial antioxidant system of Feicheng peach fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqin Jing
- Research Center for Food Safety and Assessment Engineering of Shandong Province, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Research Center for Food Safety and Assessment Engineering of Shandong Province, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Shuhua Zhu
- Research Center for Food Safety and Assessment Engineering of Shandong Province, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
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17
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Qin G, Wu M, Wang J, Xu Z, Xia J, Sang N. Sulfur Dioxide Contributes to the Cardiac and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rats. Toxicol Sci 2016; 151:334-46. [PMID: 26980303 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between sulfur dioxide (SO2) and an increase of morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and arrhythmia. Mitochondrion is the most sensitive organelle in myocardium of animals exposed to SO2 Here we study the molecular characterization of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac muscles of rat after SO2 exposure. We found that the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), ATP contents, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contents, and mRNA expression of complexes IV and V subunits encoded by mtDNA were decreased after NaHSO3 treatment in vitro or SO2 inhalation in vivo The mitochondrial dysfunctions were accompanied by depressions of co-activator of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) mRNA and protein. We observed swollen mitochondria and lower amounts of cristae in hearts of rats after 3.5 mg/m(3) SO2 inhalation for 30 days. Interestingly, NaHSO3 induced mitochondrial dysfunctions marked by ΔΨm and ATP reduction could be inhibited by an antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NALC), accompanied by the restoration of transcriptional factors expressions. The cardiac mitochondrial dysfunctions could also be alleviated by overexpression of TFAM. SO2 induced abnormal left ventricular function was restored by NALC in vivo Our findings demonstrate that SO2 induces cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction. And inhibition of reactive oxygen species and enhancing the transcriptional network controlling mitochondrial biogenesis can mitigate the SO2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Qin
- The College of Environmental Science and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Meiqiong Wu
- The College of Environmental Science and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Jiaoxia Wang
- The College of Environmental Science and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- The College of Environmental Science and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Jin Xia
- The College of Environmental Science and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Nan Sang
- The College of Environmental Science and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
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18
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Ascenzi P, Sbardella D, Fiocchetti M, Santucci R, Coletta M. NO2−-mediated nitrosylation of ferrous microperoxidase-11. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 153:121-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Ascenzi P, Coletta M, Wilson MT, Fiorucci L, Marino M, Polticelli F, Sinibaldi F, Santucci R. Cardiolipin-cytochrome c complex: Switching cytochrome c from an electron-transfer shuttle to a myoglobin- and a peroxidase-like heme-protein. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:98-109. [PMID: 25857294 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (cytc) is a small heme-protein located in the space between the inner and the outer membrane of the mitochondrion that transfers electrons from cytc-reductase to cytc-oxidase. The hexa-coordinated heme-Fe atom of cytc displays a very low reactivity toward ligands and does not exhibit significant catalytic properties. However, upon cardiolipin (CL) binding, cytc achieves ligand binding and catalytic properties reminiscent of those of myoglobin and peroxidase. In particular, the peroxidase activity of the cardiolipin-cytochrome c complex (CL-cytc) is critical for the redistribution of CL from the inner to the outer mitochondrial membranes and is essential for the execution and completion of the apoptotic program. On the other hand, the capability of CL-cytc to bind NO and CO and the heme-Fe-based scavenging of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species may affect apoptosis. Here, the ligand binding and catalytic properties of CL-cytc are analyzed in parallel with those of CL-free cytc, myoglobin, and peroxidase to dissect the potential mechanisms of CL in modulating the pro- and anti-apoptotic actions of cytc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy
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20
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Hellmich MR, Coletta C, Chao C, Szabo C. The therapeutic potential of cystathionine β-synthetase/hydrogen sulfide inhibition in cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:424-48. [PMID: 24730679 PMCID: PMC4307161 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cancer represents a major socioeconomic problem; there is a significant need for novel therapeutic approaches targeting tumor-specific pathways. RECENT ADVANCES In colorectal and ovarian cancers, an increase in the intratumor production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) plays an important role in promoting the cellular bioenergetics, proliferation, and migration of cancer cells. It also stimulates peritumor angiogenesis inhibition or genetic silencing of CBS exerts antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo, and potentiates the antitumor efficacy of anticancer therapeutics. CRITICAL ISSUES Recently published studies are reviewed, implicating CBS overexpression and H2S overproduction in tumor cells as a tumor-growth promoting "bioenergetic fuel" and "survival factor," followed by an overview of the experimental evidence demonstrating the anticancer effect of CBS inhibition. Next, the current state of the art of pharmacological CBS inhibitors is reviewed, with special reference to the complex pharmacological actions of aminooxyacetic acid. Finally, new experimental evidence is presented to reconcile a controversy in the literature regarding the effects of H2S donor on cancer cell proliferation and survival. FUTURE DIRECTIONS From a basic science standpoint, future directions in the field include the delineation of the molecular mechanism of CBS up-regulation of cancer cells and the delineation of the interactions of H2S with other intracellular pathways of cancer cell metabolism and proliferation. From the translational science standpoint, future directions include the translation of the recently emerging roles of H2S in cancer into human diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Hellmich
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Ciro Coletta
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Celia Chao
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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21
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Módis K, Bos EM, Calzia E, van Goor H, Coletta C, Papapetropoulos A, Hellmich MR, Radermacher P, Bouillaud F, Szabo C. Regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetic function by hydrogen sulfide. Part II. Pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2123-46. [PMID: 23991749 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging work demonstrates the dual regulation of mitochondrial function by hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), including, at lower concentrations, a stimulatory effect as an electron donor, and, at higher concentrations, an inhibitory effect on cytochrome C oxidase. In the current article, we overview the pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects of these processes. During cellular hypoxia/acidosis, the inhibitory effect of H2 S on complex IV is enhanced, which may shift the balance of H2 S from protective to deleterious. Several pathophysiological conditions are associated with an overproduction of H2 S (e.g. sepsis), while in other disease states H2 S levels and H2 S bioavailability are reduced and its therapeutic replacement is warranted (e.g. diabetic vascular complications). Moreover, recent studies demonstrate that colorectal cancer cells up-regulate the H2 S-producing enzyme cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), and utilize its product, H2 S, as a metabolic fuel and tumour-cell survival factor; pharmacological CBS inhibition or genetic CBS silencing suppresses cancer cell bioenergetics and suppresses cell proliferation and cell chemotaxis. In the last chapter of the current article, we overview the field of H2 S-induced therapeutic 'suspended animation', a concept in which a temporary pharmacological reduction in cell metabolism is achieved, producing a decreased oxygen demand for the experimental therapy of critical illness and/or organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Módis
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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22
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Liu XL, Du XJ, Dai CG, Song QH. Ratiometric Two-Photon Fluorescent Probes for Mitochondrial Hydrogen Sulfide in Living Cells. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9481-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5014838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ling Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Du
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Guang Dai
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qin-Hua Song
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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23
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Pan H, Xie X, Chen D, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Yang G. Protective and biogenesis effects of sodium hydrosulfide on brain mitochondria after cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 741:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Ascenzi P, Marino M, Ciaccio C, Santucci R, Coletta M. Reductive nitrosylation of the cardiolipin-ferric cytochromeccomplex. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:438-47. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Electron Microscopy; Roma Tre University; Roma Italy
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science; Roma Tre University; Roma Italy
| | - Chiara Ciaccio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine; University of Roma “Tor Vergata”; Roma Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium for the Research on the Chemistry of Metals in Biological Systems; Bari Italy
| | - Roberto Santucci
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine; University of Roma “Tor Vergata”; Roma Italy
| | - Massimo Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine; University of Roma “Tor Vergata”; Roma Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium for the Research on the Chemistry of Metals in Biological Systems; Bari Italy
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25
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Cardiolipin modulates allosterically the nitrite reductase activity of horse heart cytochrome c. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:1195-201. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Feger M, Fajol A, Lebedeva A, Meissner A, Michael D, Voelkl J, Alesutan I, Schleicher E, Reichetzeder C, Hocher B, Qadri SM, Lang F. Effect of carbon monoxide donor CORM-2 on vitamin D3 metabolism. Kidney Blood Press Res 2013; 37:496-505. [PMID: 24247848 DOI: 10.1159/000355730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Carbon monoxide (CO) interferes with cytochrome-dependent cellular functions and acts as gaseous transmitter. CO is released from CO-releasing molecules (CORM) including tricarbonyl-dichlororuthenium (II) dimer (CORM-2), molecules considered for the treatment of several disorders including vascular dysfunction, inflammation, tissue ischemia and organ rejection. Cytochrome P450-sensitive function include formation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) by renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp27b1). The enzyme is regulated by PTH, FGF23 and klotho. 1,25(OH)2D3 regulates Ca(2+) and phosphate transport as well as klotho expression. The present study explored, whether CORM-2 influences 1,25(OH)2D3 formation and klotho expression. METHODS Mice were treated with intravenous CORM-2 (20 mg/kg body weight). Plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 and FGF23 concentrations were determined by ELISA, phosphate, calcium and creatinine concentrations by colorimetric methods, transcript levels by quantitative RT-PCR and protein expression by western blotting. Fgf23 mRNA transcript levels were further determined in rat osteosarcoma UMR106 cells without or with prior treatment for 24 hours with 20 µM CORM-2. RESULTS CORM-2 injection within 24 hours significantly increased FGF23 plasma levels and decreased 1,25(OH)2D3 plasma levels, renal Cyp27b1 gene expression as well as renal klotho protein abundance and transcript levels. Moreover, treatment of UMR106 cells with CORM-2 significantly increased Fgf23 transcript levels. CONCLUSION CO-releasing molecule CORM-2 enhances FGF23 expression and release and decreases klotho expression and 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis. © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Feger
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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27
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Effect of carbon monoxide on browning of fresh-cut lotus root slice in relation to phenolic metabolism. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Bae SK, Heo CH, Choi DJ, Sen D, Joe EH, Cho BR, Kim HM. A Ratiometric Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe Reveals Reduction in Mitochondrial H2S Production in Parkinson’s Disease Gene Knockout Astrocytes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:9915-23. [DOI: 10.1021/ja404004v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Keun Bae
- Division of Energy Systems Research,
Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Heo
- Division of Energy Systems Research,
Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Dong Joo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology/Neuroscience
Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-721,
Korea
| | - Debabrata Sen
- Division of Energy Systems Research,
Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Joe
- Department of Pharmacology/Neuroscience
Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-721,
Korea
| | - Bong Rae Cho
- Department of Chemistry,
Korea
University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Hwan Myung Kim
- Division of Energy Systems Research,
Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea
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29
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Módis K, Asimakopoulou A, Coletta C, Papapetropoulos A, Szabo C. Oxidative stress suppresses the cellular bioenergetic effect of the 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase/hydrogen sulfide pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 433:401-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.02.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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30
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Osborne NN, del Olmo-Aguado S. Maintenance of retinal ganglion cell mitochondrial functions as a neuroprotective strategy in glaucoma. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2012; 13:16-22. [PMID: 22999653 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Loss of vision in glaucoma occurs because retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) die. RGCs have probably more mitochondria than any other neurone in the CNS. It is proposed that stress to mitochondria of individual RGCs is a major trigger of the disease and also provides an explanation why different RGCs die at different times. Pharmacological agents that can maintain mitochondrial functions, in particular to attenuate oxidative stress and to sustain energy production, might therefore provide a novel way of slowing down RGC death and help in the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville N Osborne
- Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Avda. Doctores Fernández-Vega 34, E-33012 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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31
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George TJ, Arnaoutakis GJ, Beaty CA, Jandu SK, Santhanam L, Berkowitz DE, Shah AS. Inhaled hydrogen sulfide improves graft function in an experimental model of lung transplantation. J Surg Res 2012; 178:593-600. [PMID: 22771242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common complication of lung transplantation (LTx). Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is a novel agent previously shown to slow metabolism and scavenge reactive oxygen species, potentially mitigating IRI. We hypothesized that pretreatment with inhaled H(2)S would improve graft function in an ex vivo model of LTx. METHODS Rabbits (n = 10) were ventilated for 2 h prior to heart-lung bloc procurement. The treatment group (n = 5) inhaled room air (21% O(2)) supplemented with 150 ppm H(2)S while the control group (n = 5) inhaled room air alone. Both groups were gradually cooled to 34°C. All heart-lung blocs were then recovered and cold-stored in low-potassium dextran solution for 18 h. Following storage, the blocs were reperfused with donor rabbit blood in an ex vivo apparatus. Serial clinical parameters were assessed and serial tissue biochemistry was examined. RESULTS Prior to heart-lung bloc procurement, rabbits pretreated with H(2)S exhibited similar oxygenation (P = 0.1), ventilation (P = 0.7), and heart rate (P = 0.5); however, treated rabbits exhibited consistently higher mean arterial blood pressures (P = 0.01). During reperfusion, lungs pretreated with H(2)S had better oxygenation (P < 0.01) and ventilation (P = 0.02), as well as lower pulmonary artery pressures (P < 0.01). Reactive oxygen species levels were lower in treated lungs during reperfusion (P = 0.01). Additionally, prior to reperfusion, treated lungs demonstrated more preserved mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this study represents the first reported therapeutic use of inhaled H(2)S in an experimental model of LTx. After prolonged ischemia, lungs pretreated with inhaled H(2)S exhibited improved graft function during reperfusion. Donor pretreatment with inhaled H(2)S represents a potentially novel adjunct to conventional preservation techniques and merits further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J George
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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George TJ, Arnaoutakis GJ, Beaty CA, Jandu SK, Santhanam L, Berkowitz DE, Shah AS. Hydrogen sulfide decreases reactive oxygen in a model of lung transplantation. J Surg Res 2012; 178:494-501. [PMID: 22464394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a common complication after lung transplantation. Ischemia-reperfusion injury is thought to be mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is a novel agent that has been previously shown to scavenge ROS and slow metabolism. We evaluated the effect of infused H(2)S on the presence of ROS after reperfusion in an ex vivo model of lung transplantation. METHODS Heart-Lung blocks were recovered from New Zealand white rabbits (n = 12) and cold stored in Perfadex solution for 18 h. After storage, the heart-lung blocks were reperfused ex vivo with donor rabbit blood. In the treatment group (n = 7), a bolus of sodium H(2)S was added at the beginning of reperfusion (100 μg/kg) and continuously infused throughout the 2-h experiment (1 mg/kg/h). The vehicle group (n = 5) received an equivalent volume of saline. Serial airway and pulmonary artery pressures and arterial and venous blood gases were measured. RESULTS Oxygenation and pulmonary artery pressures were similar between the 2 groups. However, treatment with H(2)S resulted in a dramatic reduction in the presence of ROS after 2 h of reperfusion (4,851 ± 2,139 versus 235 ± 462 related fluorescence units/mg protein; P = 0.003). A trend was seen toward increased levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate in the H(2)S-treated group (3.08 ± 1.69 versus 1.73 ± 1.41 fmol/mg tissue; P = .23). CONCLUSIONS After prolonged ischemia, infusion of H(2)S during reperfusion was associated with a significant decrease in the presence of ROS, a suspected mediator of ischemia-reperfusion injury. To our knowledge, the present study represents the first reported therapeutic use of H(2)S in an experimental model of lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J George
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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Kassab A, Piwowar A. Cell oxidant stress delivery and cell dysfunction onset in type 2 diabetes. Biochimie 2012; 94:1837-48. [PMID: 22333037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Most known pathways of diabetic complications involve oxidative stress. The mitochondria electron transport chain is a significant source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in insulin secretory cells, insulin peripheral sensitive cells and endothelial cells. Elevated intracellular glucose level induces tricarboxylic acid cycle electron donor overproduction and mitochondrial proton gradient increase leading to an increase in electron transporter lifetime. Subsequently, the electrons leaked combine with respiratory oxygen (O(2)) resulting in superoxide anion ((•)O(2)(-)) production. Advanced glycation end products derive ROS via interaction with their receptors. Elevated diacylglycerol and ROS activate the protein kinase C pathway which, in turn, activates NADPH oxidases. A vicious circle of pathway derived ROS installs. Pathologic pathways induced ROS are activated and persistent though glycemia returns to normal due to hyperglycemia memory. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase may produce both superoxide anion ((•)O(2)(-)) and nitric oxide (NO) leading to peroxynitrite ((•)ONOO(-)) generation. Homocysteine is also implicated in oxidative stress pathogenesis. In this paper we have highlighted the pathologic mechanisms of ROS on atherosclerosis, renal dysfunction, retina dysfunction and nerve dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Cell oxidant stress delivery have pivotal role in cell dysfunction onset and progression of angiopathies but an early introduction of good glycemic control may protect cells more efficiently than antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Kassab
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia.
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Kan EM, Ling EA, Lu J. Microenvironment changes in mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Res Bull 2012; 87:359-72. [PMID: 22289840 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public-health problem for which mild TBI (MTBI) makes up majority of the cases. MTBI is a poorly-understood health problem and can persist for years manifesting into neurological and non-neurological problems that can affect functional outcome. Presently, diagnosis of MTBI is based on symptoms reporting with poor understanding of ongoing pathophysiology, hence precluding prognosis and intervention. Other than rehabilitation, there is still no pharmacological treatment for the treatment of secondary injury and prevention of the development of cognitive and behavioural problems. The lack of external injuries and absence of detectable brain abnormalities lend support to MTBI developing at the cellular and biochemical level. However, the paucity of suitable and validated non-invasive methods for accurate diagnosis of MTBI poses as a substantial challenge. Hence, it is crucial that a clinically useful evaluation and management procedure be instituted for MTBI that encompasses both molecular pathophysiology and functional outcome. The acute microenvironment changes post-MTBI presents an attractive target for modulation of MTBI symptoms and the development of cognitive changes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enci Mary Kan
- Combat Care Laboratory, Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore
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Gullotta F, di Masi A, Coletta M, Ascenzi P. CO metabolism, sensing, and signaling. Biofactors 2012; 38:1-13. [PMID: 22213392 DOI: 10.1002/biof.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CO is a colorless and odorless gas produced by the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons, both of natural and anthropogenic origin. Several microorganisms, including aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and anaerobic archaea, use exogenous CO as a source of carbon and energy for growth. On the other hand, eukaryotic organisms use endogenous CO, produced during heme degradation, as a neurotransmitter and as a signal molecule. CO sensors act as signal transducers by coupling a "regulatory" heme-binding domain to a "functional" signal transmitter. Although high CO concentrations inhibit generally heme-protein actions, low CO levels can influence several signaling pathways, including those regulated by soluble guanylate cyclase and/or mitogen-activated protein kinases. This review summarizes recent insights into CO metabolism, sensing, and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gullotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy
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Auger C, Lemire J, Cecchini D, Bignucolo A, Appanna VD. The metabolic reprogramming evoked by nitrosative stress triggers the anaerobic utilization of citrate in Pseudomonas fluorescens. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28469. [PMID: 22145048 PMCID: PMC3228765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrosative stress is an ongoing challenge that most organisms have to contend with. When nitric oxide (NO) that may be generated either exogenously or endogenously encounters reactive oxygen species (ROS), it produces a set of toxic moieties referred to as reactive nitrogen species (RNS). As these RNS can severely damage essential biomolecules, numerous organisms have evolved elaborate detoxification strategies to nullify RNS. However, the contribution of cellular metabolism in fending off nitrosative stress is poorly understood. Using a variety of functional proteomic and metabolomic analyses, we have identified how the soil microbe Pseudomonas fluorescens reprogrammed its metabolic networks to survive in an environment enriched by sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a generator of nitrosative stress. To combat the RNS-induced ineffective aconitase (ACN) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the microbe invoked the participation of citrate lyase (CL), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK) to convert citrate, the sole source of carbon into pyruvate and ATP. These enzymes were not evident in the control conditions. This metabolic shift was coupled to the concomitant increase in the activities of such classical RNS detoxifiers as nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NIR) and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR). Hence, metabolism may hold the clues to the survival of organisms subjected to nitrosative stress and may provide therapeutic cues against RNS-resistant microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Auger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Lemire
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dominic Cecchini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Bignucolo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vasu D. Appanna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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The biological effect of endogenous sulfur dioxide in the cardiovascular system. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 670:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hopmann KH, Cardey B, Gladwin MT, Kim-Shapiro DB, Ghosh A. Hemoglobin as a nitrite anhydrase: modeling methemoglobin-mediated N2O3 formation. Chemistry 2011; 17:6348-58. [PMID: 21590821 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nitrite has recently been recognized as a storage form of NO in blood and as playing a key role in hypoxic vasodilation. The nitrite ion is readily reduced to NO by hemoglobin in red blood cells, which, as it happens, also presents a conundrum. Given NO's enormous affinity for ferrous heme, a key question concerns how it escapes capture by hemoglobin as it diffuses out of the red cells and to the endothelium, where vasodilation takes place. Dinitrogen trioxide (N(2)O(3)) has been proposed as a vehicle that transports NO to the endothelium, where it dissociates to NO and NO(2). Although N(2)O(3) formation might be readily explained by the reaction Hb-Fe(3+)+NO(2)(-)+NO⇌Hb-Fe(2+)+N(2)O(3), the exact manner in which methemoglobin (Hb-Fe(3+)), nitrite and NO interact with one another is unclear. Both an "Hb-Fe(3+)-NO(2)(-)+NO" pathway and an "Hb-Fe(3+)-NO+NO(2)(-) " pathway have been proposed. Neither pathway has been established experimentally. Nor has there been any attempt until now to theoretically model N(2)O(3) formation, the so-called nitrite anhydrase reaction. Both pathways have been examined here in a detailed density functional theory (DFT, B3LYP/TZP) study and both have been found to be feasible based on energetics criteria. Modeling the "Hb-Fe(3+)-NO(2)(-)+NO" pathway proved complex. Not only are multiple linkage-isomeric (N- and O-coordinated) structures conceivable for methemoglobin-nitrite, multiple isomeric forms are also possible for N(2)O(3) (the lowest-energy state has an N-N-bonded nitronitrosyl structure, O(2)N-NO). We considered multiple spin states of methemoglobin-nitrite as well as ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupling of the Fe(3+) and NO spins. Together, the isomerism and spin variables result in a diabolically complex combinatorial space of reaction pathways. Fortunately, transition states could be successfully calculated for the vast majority of these reaction channels, both M(S)=0 and M(S)=1. For a six-coordinate Fe(3+)-O-nitrito starting geometry, which is plausible for methemoglobin-nitrite, we found that N(2)O(3) formation entails barriers of about 17-20 kcal mol(-1) , which is reasonable for a physiologically relevant reaction. For the "Hb-Fe(3+) -NO+NO(2) (-) " pathway, which was also found to be energetically reasonable, our calculations indicate a two-step mechanism. The first step involves transfer of an electron from NO(2)(-) to the Fe(3+)-heme-NO center ({FeNO}(6)) , resulting in formation of nitrogen dioxide and an Fe(2+)-heme-NO center ({FeNO}(7)). Subsequent formation of N(2)O(3) entails a barrier of only 8.1 kcal mol(-1) . From an energetics point of view, the nitrite anhydrase reaction thus is a reasonable proposition. Although it is tempting to interpret our results as favoring the "{FeNO}(6)+NO(2)(-) " pathway over the "Fe(3+)-nitrite+NO" pathway, both pathways should be considered energetically reasonable for a biological reaction and it seems inadvisable to favor a unique reaction channel based solely on quantum chemical modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin H Hopmann
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Abstract
Carbon monoxide is rapidly emerging as an important cellular messenger, regulating a wide range of physiological processes. Crucial to its role in both physiology and disease is its ability differentially to regulate several classes of ion channels, including examples from calcium-activated K(+) (BK(Ca)), voltage-activated K(+) (K(v)) and Ca(2+) channel (L-type) families, ligand-gated P2X receptors (P2X2 and P2X4), tandem P domain K(+) channels (TREK1) and the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC). The mechanisms by which CO regulates these ion channels are still unclear and remain somewhat controversial. However, available structure-function studies suggest that a limited range of amino acid residues confer CO sensitivity, either directly or indirectly, to particular ion channels and that cellular redox state appears to be important to the final integrated response. Whatever the molecular mechanism by which CO regulates ion channels, endogenous production of this gasotransmitter has physiologically important roles and is currently being explored as a potential therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Wilkinson
- Division of Pathophysiology and Repair, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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40
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Vödisch M, Scherlach K, Winkler R, Hertweck C, Braun HP, Roth M, Haas H, Werner ER, Brakhage AA, Kniemeyer O. Analysis of the Aspergillus fumigatus proteome reveals metabolic changes and the activation of the pseurotin A biosynthesis gene cluster in response to hypoxia. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:2508-24. [PMID: 21388144 PMCID: PMC3091480 DOI: 10.1021/pr1012812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
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The mold Aspergillus fumigatus is the most important airborne fungal pathogen. Adaptation to hypoxia represents an important virulence attribute for A. fumigatus. Therefore, we aimed at obtaining a comprehensive overview about this process on the proteome level. To ensure highly reproducible growth conditions, an oxygen-controlled, glucose-limited chemostat cultivation was established. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of mycelial and mitochondrial proteins as well as two-dimensional Blue Native/SDS-gel separation of mitochondrial membrane proteins led to the identification of 117 proteins with an altered abundance under hypoxic in comparison to normoxic conditions. Hypoxia induced an increased activity of glycolysis, the TCA-cycle, respiration, and amino acid metabolism. Consistently, the cellular contents in heme, iron, copper, and zinc increased. Furthermore, hypoxia induced biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite pseurotin A as demonstrated at proteomic, transcriptional, and metabolite levels. The observed and so far not reported stimulation of the biosynthesis of a secondary metabolite by oxygen depletion may also affect the survival of A. fumigatus in hypoxic niches of the human host. Among the proteins so far not implicated in hypoxia adaptation, an NO-detoxifying flavohemoprotein was one of the most highly up-regulated proteins which indicates a link between hypoxia and the generation of nitrosative stress in A. fumigatus. Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitously distributed filamentous fungus and an important human pathogen. To colonize the human lung, A. fumigatus has to adapt to low oxygen concentrations. We analyzed the cytosolic and mitochondrial proteome of A. fumigatus under normoxic in comparison to hypoxic conditions using an oxygen-controlled chemostat. Hypoxia led to an increased respiratory capacity, induction of the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite pseurotin A and presumably nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vödisch
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll-Institute and Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Ascenzi P, Polticelli F, Marino M, Santucci R, Coletta M. Cardiolipin drives cytochrome c proapoptotic and antiapoptotic actions. IUBMB Life 2011; 63:160-5. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Shin JW, Ohnishi K, Murakami A, Lee JS, Kundu JK, Na HK, Ohigashi H, Surh YJ. Zerumbone induces heme oxygenase-1 expression in mouse skin and cultured murine epidermal cells through activation of Nrf2. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:860-70. [PMID: 21367956 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zerumbone, a sesquiterpene derived from tropical ginger, contains an electrophilic α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety and was found to suppress chemically induced papilloma formation in mouse skin. Here, we report that topical application of zerumbone onto dorsal skin of hairless mice induces activation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). We compared the levels of HO-1 protein in the skin of zerumbone-treated Nrf2 wild-type and Nrf2 knockout mice, and nrf2-deficient mice expressed HO-1 protein to a much lesser extent than the wild-type animals following topical application of zerumbone. Treatment of mouse epidermal JB6 cells with zerumbone caused a marked increase of Nrf2 nuclear translocation followed by the promoter activity of HO-1, and also enhanced direct binding of Nrf2 to the antioxidant response element. Moreover, knockdown of Nrf2 in JB6 cells diminished the zerumbone-induced upregulation of HO-1. Notably, α-humulene and 8-hydroxy-α-humulene, the structural analogues of zerumbone that lack the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group, failed to activate Nrf2 and were unable to increase HO-1 expression. Unlike zerumbone, these nonelectrophilic analogues could not suppress the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced JB6 cell transformation and the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, when JB6 cells were treated with carbon monoxide-releasing molecule that mimics the HO-1 activity, the TPA-induced ROS production was markedly reduced. Taken together, these findings suggest that upregulation of HO-1 expression by zerumbone is mediated through activation of Nrf2 signaling, which provides a mechanistic basis for the chemopreventive effects of this sesquiterpene on mouse skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wan Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, South Korea
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Garrabou G, Inoriza JM, Morén C, Oliu G, Miró Ò, Martí MJ, Cardellach F. Mitochondrial injury in human acute carbon monoxide poisoning: the effect of oxygen treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2011; 29:32-51. [PMID: 21424975 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2011.551316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The best oxygen therapy for acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP) remains unestablished. Reported mitochondrial complex IV (mtCIV) inhibition, together with carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb)-induced hypoxia, may influence acute clinical symptoms and outcome. To "mitochondrially" evaluate treatment efficacy, we correlated intoxication severity and symptoms with mitochondrial function (mtCIV activity) and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) in 60 poisoned patients and determined ACOP recovery depending on either normobaric or hyperbaric oxygen therapy along a 3-month follow-up. In the present article we positively evaluate mtCIV as a good marker of ACOP recovery, treatment effectiveness, and late neurological syndrome development, which advocates for hyperbaric oxygen therapy as the treatment of choice. However, we discourage its usefulness as a severity marker because of its excessive sensitivity. We additionally evaluate oxidative stress role and prognostic factors for neurological sequelae development.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Garrabou
- Mitochondrial Research Laboratory, Muscle Research Unit, IDIBAPS-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Ascenzi P, Ciaccio C, Sinibaldi F, Santucci R, Coletta M. Cardiolipin modulates allosterically peroxynitrite detoxification by horse heart cytochrome c. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 404:190-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Martelli A, Testai L, Breschi MC, Blandizzi C, Virdis A, Taddei S, Calderone V. Hydrogen sulphide: novel opportunity for drug discovery. Med Res Rev 2010; 32:1093-130. [PMID: 23059761 DOI: 10.1002/med.20234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide (H(2)S) is emerging as an important endogenous modulator, which exhibits the beneficial effects of nitric oxide (NO) on the cardiovascular (CV) system, without producing toxic metabolites. H(2)S is biosynthesized in mammalian tissues by cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine-γ-lyase. H(2)S exhibits the antioxidant properties of inorganic and organic sulphites, behaving as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species. There is also clear evidence that H(2)S triggers other important effects, mainly mediated by the activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP)). This mechanism accounts for the vasorelaxing and cardioprotective effects of H(2)S. Furthermore, H(2)S inhibits smooth muscle proliferation and platelet aggregation. In non-CV systems, H(2)S regulates the functions of the central nervous system, as well as respiratory, gastroenteric, and endocrine systems. Conversely, H(2)S deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Likewise, impairment of H(2)S biosynthesis is involved in CV complications associated with diabetes mellitus. There is also evidence of a cross-talk between the H(2)S and the endothelial NO pathways. In particular, recent observations indicate a possible pathogenic link between deficiencies of H(2 S activity and the progress of endothelial dysfunction. These biological aspects of endogenous H(2)S have led several authors to look at this mediator as "the new NO" that has given attractive opportunities to develop innovative classes of drugs. In this review, the main biological actions of H(2)S are discussed. Moreover, some examples of H(2)S-donors are shown, as well as some hybrids, in which H(2)S-releasing moieties are added to well-known drugs, for improving their pharmacodynamic profile or reducing the potential for adverse effects, are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Martelli
- Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Cytochromes: Reactivity of the “dark side” of the heme. Biophys Chem 2010; 152:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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