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Martel-Pelletier J, Pelletier JP. Is there a mitochondrial DNA haplogroup connection between osteoarthritis and elite athletes? A narrative review. RMD Open 2022; 8:rmdopen-2022-002602. [PMID: 36113964 PMCID: PMC9486370 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Elite athletes are at greater risk of joint injuries linked to the subsequent risk of developing osteoarthritis (OA). Genetic factors such as mitochondrial (mt) DNA haplogroups have been associated with the incidence/progression of OA and athletic performance. This review highlights an area not yet addressed: is there a common pattern in the mtDNA haplogroups for OA occurrence in individuals and elite athletes of populations of the same descent? Haplotypes J and T confer a decreased risk of OA in Caucasian/European descent, while H and U increase this risk. Both J and T haplogroups are under-represented in Caucasian/European individuals and endurance athletes with OA, but power athletes showed a greater percentage of the J haplogroup. Caucasian/European endurance athletes had a higher percentage of haplogroup H, which is associated with increased athletic performance. In a Chinese population, haplogroup G appears to increase OA susceptibility and is over-represented in Japanese endurance athletes. In contrast, in Koreans, haplogroup B had a higher frequency of individuals with OA but was under-represented in the endurance athlete population. For Caucasian endurance athletes, it would be interesting to evaluate if those carrying haplotype H would be at an increased risk of accelerated OA, as well as the haplogroup G in Chinese and Japanese endurance athletes. The reverse might be studied for the Korean descent for haplogroup B. Knowledge of such genetic data could be used as a preliminary diagnosis to identify individuals at high risk of OA, adding prognostic information and assisting in personalising the early management of both populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Mitochondrial mutations alter endurance exercise response and determinants in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200549119. [PMID: 35482926 PMCID: PMC9170171 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200549119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMDs) are the most prevalent inborn metabolic disorders, affecting an estimated 1 in 4,200 individuals. Endurance exercise is generally known to improve mitochondrial function, but its indication in the heterogeneous group of PMDs is unclear. We determined the relationship between mitochondrial mutations, endurance exercise response, and the underlying molecular pathways in mice with distinct mitochondrial mutations. This revealed that mitochondria are crucial regulators of exercise capacity and exercise response. Endurance exercise proved to be mostly beneficial across the different mitochondrial mutant mice with the exception of a worsened dilated cardiomyopathy in ANT1-deficient mice. Thus, therapeutic exercises, especially in patients with PMDs, should take into account the physical and mitochondrial genetic status of the patient. Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMDs) are a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders that can be caused by hundreds of mutations in both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) genes. Current therapeutic approaches are limited, although one approach has been exercise training. Endurance exercise is known to improve mitochondrial function in heathy subjects and reduce risk for secondary metabolic disorders such as diabetes or neurodegenerative disorders. However, in PMDs the benefit of endurance exercise is unclear, and exercise might be beneficial for some mitochondrial disorders but contraindicated in others. Here we investigate the effect of an endurance exercise regimen in mouse models for PMDs harboring distinct mitochondrial mutations. We show that while an mtDNA ND6 mutation in complex I demonstrated improvement in response to exercise, mice with a CO1 mutation affecting complex IV showed significantly fewer positive effects, and mice with an ND5 complex I mutation did not respond to exercise at all. For mice deficient in the nDNA adenine nucleotide translocase 1 (Ant1), endurance exercise actually worsened the dilated cardiomyopathy. Correlating the gene expression profile of skeletal muscle and heart with the physiologic exercise response identified oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid metabolism, matrisome (extracellular matrix [ECM]) structure, and cell cycle regulation as key pathways in the exercise response. This emphasizes the crucial role of mitochondria in determining the exercise capacity and exercise response. Consequently, the benefit of endurance exercise in PMDs strongly depends on the underlying mutation, although our results suggest a general beneficial effect.
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Engel L, Becker D, Nissen T, Russ I, Thaller G, Krattenmacher N. Mitochondrial DNA Variation Contributes to the Aptitude for Dressage and Show Jumping Ability in the Holstein Horse Breed. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060704. [PMID: 35327102 PMCID: PMC8944467 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal lineages are considered an important factor in breeding. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is maternally inherited and plays an important role in energy metabolism. It has already been associated with energy consumption and performances, e.g., stamina in humans and racehorses. For now, corresponding studies are lacking for sport performance of warmblood breeds. MtDNA sequences were available for 271 Holstein mares from 75 maternal lineages. As all mares within a lineage showed identical haplotypes regarding the non-synonymous variants, we expanded our data set by also including non-sequenced mares and assigning them to the lineage-specific haplotype. This sample consisting of 6334 to 16,447 mares was used to perform mitochondrial association analyses using breeding values (EBVs) estimated on behalf of the Fédération Équestre Nationale (FN) and on behalf of the Holstein Breeding Association (HOL). The association analyses revealed 20 mitochondrial SNPs (mtSNPs) significantly associated with FN-EBVs and partly overlapping 20 mtSNPs associated with HOL-EBVs. The results indicated that mtDNA contributes to performance differences between maternal lineages. Certain mitochondrial haplogroups were associated with special talents for dressage or show jumping. The findings encourage to set up innovative genetic evaluation models that also consider information on maternal lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Engel
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24098 Kiel, Germany; (G.T.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Doreen Becker
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany;
| | - Thomas Nissen
- Verband der Züchter des Holsteiner Pferdes e.V., 24106 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Ingolf Russ
- Tierzuchtforschung e.V. München, 85586 Grub, Germany;
| | - Georg Thaller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24098 Kiel, Germany; (G.T.); (N.K.)
| | - Nina Krattenmacher
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24098 Kiel, Germany; (G.T.); (N.K.)
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Mitochondrial DNA sequencing reveals association of variants and haplogroup M33a2'3 with High altitude pulmonary edema susceptibility in Indian male lowlanders. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10975. [PMID: 31358833 PMCID: PMC6662842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) is a threatening disorder caused due to acute exposure to high altitude above 3000 m. Apart from multiple factors involved, the genetic factors also play an important function in the pathogenesis of HAPE. This study aims to evaluate the role of mtDNA polymorphism and their association with haplogroup in understanding the etiology of HAPE. In this study, all the HAPE susceptible and acclimatized control subjects could be classified into nine haplogroups pertaining mostly to Macrohaplogroup M and U. The frequency of haplogroup M was significantly higher in HAPE susceptibles whereas the haplogroup M33a2'3 was found only in HAPE susceptibles. The variant G4491A and A4944G of MT-ND2, A14002G of MT-ND5, and C8562T of MT-ATP8, were definition site of haplogroup M33a2'3. The frequency of A10398G of MT-ND3, A8701G of MT-ATP6 and C14766T of MT-CYB genes were significantly higher in HAPE susceptibles. mtDNA copy number also plays a significant synergistic role in HAPE susceptibility. Our findings suggests that variants in MT-ND2 and MT-ND5 were predicted to confer decreased protein stability in HAPE susceptibles and in particular, highly conserved variants G4491A, A4944G and A14002G associated with haplogroup M33a2'3 may be the primary cause of susceptibility to HAPE in Indian male lowlanders.
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5
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Is mitochondrial DNA profiling predictive for athletic performance? Mitochondrion 2019; 47:125-138. [PMID: 31228565 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA encodes some proteins of the oxidative phosphorylation enzymatic complex, playing an important role in aerobic ATP production; therefore, it can contribute to the ability to respond to endurance exercise training. The accumulation of mitochondrial mutations and the migratory processes of populations have given a great contribution to the development of haplogroups with a different distribution in the world. Several studies have shown the important role of gene polymorphisms in aerobic performance. In this review, some mitochondrial haplogroups and multiple rare alleles were taken into consideration and could be linked to the athlete's physical performance of different ethnic groups.
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Hwang IW, Kim K, Choi EJ, Jin HJ. Association of mitochondrial haplogroup F with physical performance in Korean population. Genomics Inform 2019; 17:e11. [PMID: 30929412 PMCID: PMC6459174 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2019.17.1.e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Athletic performance is a complex multifactorial trait involving genetic and
environmental factors. The heritability of an athlete status was reported to be
about 70% in a twin study, and at least 155 genetic markers are known to be
related with athlete status. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes essential
proteins for oxidative phosphorylation, which is related to aerobic capacity.
Thus, mtDNA is a candidate marker for determining physical performance. Recent
studies have suggested that polymorphisms of mtDNA are associated with athlete
status and/or physical performance in various populations. Therefore, we
analyzed mtDNA haplogroups to assess their association with the physical
performance of Korean population. The 20 mtDNA haplogroups were determined using
the SNaPshot assay. Our result showed a significant association of the
haplogroup F with athlete status (odds ratio, 3.04; 95% confidence interval,
1.094 to 8.464; p = 0.012). Athletes with haplogroup F (60.64 ±
3.04) also demonstrated a higher Sargent jump than athletes with other
haplogroups (54.28 ± 1.23) (p = 0.041). Thus, our data imply
that haplogroup F may play a crucial role in the physical performance of Korean
athletes. Functional studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to further
substantiate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Wook Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Kicheol Kim
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eun Ji Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Han Jun Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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7
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Esteban O, Ascaso FJ, Mateo J, Calvo T, Montoya J, Ruiz-Pesini E. Effect of mitochondrial haplogroups on ranibizumab response in neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients: a pilot study. Acta Ophthalmol 2019; 97:e133-e134. [PMID: 30203451 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Esteban
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Clinic Hospital “Lozano Blesa”; Zaragoza Spain
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón); Zaragoza Spain
| | - Francisco J. Ascaso
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Clinic Hospital “Lozano Blesa”; Zaragoza Spain
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón); Zaragoza Spain
| | - Javier Mateo
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Clinic Hospital “Lozano Blesa”; Zaragoza Spain
| | - Tania Calvo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology; University of Zaragoza; Zaragoza Spain
| | - Julio Montoya
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón); Zaragoza Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology; University of Zaragoza; Zaragoza Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Zaragoza Spain
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón); Zaragoza Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology; University of Zaragoza; Zaragoza Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER); Zaragoza Spain
- ARAID Foundation; Zaragoza Spain
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8
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Diaz-Morales N, Lopez-Domenech S, Iannantuoni F, Lopez-Gallardo E, Sola E, Morillas C, Rocha M, Ruiz-Pesini E, Victor VM. Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroup JT is Related to Impaired Glycaemic Control and Renal Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7080220. [PMID: 30115863 PMCID: PMC6111716 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7080220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is undetermined and controversial. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the main mtDNA haplogroups on glycaemic control and renal function in a Spanish population of 303 T2D patients and 153 healthy controls. Anthropometrical and metabolic parameters were assessed and mtDNA haplogroup was determined in each individual. Distribution of the different haplogroups was similar in diabetic and healthy populations and, as expected, T2D patients showed poorer glycaemic control and renal function than controls. T2D patients belonging to the JT haplogroup (polymorphism m.4216T>C) displayed statistically significant higher levels of fasting glucose and HbA1c than those of the other haplogroups, suggesting a poorer glycaemic control. Furthermore, diabetic patients with the JT haplogroup showed a worse kidney function than those with other haplogroups, evident by higher levels of serum creatinine, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and slightly higher (although not statistically significant) urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Our results suggest that JT haplogroup (in particular, change at position 4216 of the mtDNA) is associated with poorer glycaemic control in T2D, which can trigger the development of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Diaz-Morales
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Sandra Lopez-Domenech
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Francesca Iannantuoni
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ester Lopez-Gallardo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas En Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Eva Sola
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas En Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Fundación ARAID, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Victor M Victor
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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9
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Wone BWM, Yim WC, Schutz H, Meek TH, Garland T. Mitochondrial haplotypes are not associated with mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running. Mitochondrion 2018; 46:134-139. [PMID: 29626644 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial haplotypes have been associated with human and rodent phenotypes, including nonshivering thermogenesis capacity, learning capability, and disease risk. Although the mammalian mitochondrial D-loop is highly polymorphic, D-loops in laboratory mice are identical, and variation occurs elsewhere mainly between nucleotides 9820 and 9830. Part of this region codes for the tRNAArg gene and is associated with mitochondrial densities and number of mtDNA copies. We hypothesized that the capacity for high levels of voluntary wheel-running behavior would be associated with mitochondrial haplotype. Here, we analyzed the mtDNA polymorphic region in mice from each of four replicate lines selectively bred for 54 generations for high voluntary wheel running (HR) and from four control lines (Control) randomly bred for 54 generations. Sequencing the polymorphic region revealed a variable number of adenine repeats. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) varied from 2 to 3 adenine insertions, resulting in three haplotypes. We found significant genetic differentiations between the HR and Control groups (Fst = 0.779, p ≤ 0.0001), as well as among the replicate lines of mice within groups (Fsc = 0.757, p ≤ 0.0001). Haplotypes, however, were not strongly associated with voluntary wheel running (revolutions run per day), nor with either body mass or litter size. This system provides a useful experimental model to dissect the physiological processes linking mitochondrial, genomic SNPs, epigenetics, or nuclear-mitochondrial cross-talk to exercise activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard W M Wone
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
| | - Won C Yim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Heidi Schutz
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Biology Department, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, WA 98447, USA
| | - Thomas H Meek
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; In Vivo Pharmacology Research Unit, Novo Nordisk, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Theodore Garland
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Nwanaji-Enwerem JC, Colicino E, Dai L, Cayir A, Sanchez-Guerra M, Laue HE, Nguyen VT, Di Q, Just AC, Hou L, Vokonas P, Coull BA, Weisskopf MG, Baccarelli AA, Schwartz JD. Impacts of the Mitochondrial Genome on the Relationship of Long-Term Ambient Fine Particle Exposure with Blood DNA Methylation Age. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:8185-8195. [PMID: 28636816 PMCID: PMC5555236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome has long been implicated in age-related disease, but no studies have examined its role in the relationship of long-term fine particle (PM2.5) exposure and DNA methylation age (DNAm-age)-a novel measure of biological age. In this analysis based on 940 observations between 2000 and 2011 from 552 Normative Aging Study participants, we determined the roles of mitochondrial DNA haplogroup variation and mitochondrial genome abundance in the relationship of PM2.5 with DNAm-age. We used the GEOS-chem transport model to estimate address-specific, one-year PM2.5 levels for each participant. DNAm-age and mitochondrial DNA markers were measured from participant blood samples. Nine haplogroups (H, I, J, K, T, U, V, W, and X) were present in the population. In fully adjusted linear mixed-effects models, the association of PM2.5 with DNAm-age (in years) was significantly diminished in carriers of haplogroup V (Pinteraction = 0.01; β = 0.18, 95%CI: -0.41, 0.78) compared to noncarriers (β = 1.25, 95%CI: 0.58, 1.93). Mediation analysis estimated that decreases in mitochondrial DNA copy number, a measure of mitochondrial genome abundance, mediated 12% of the association of PM2.5 with DNAm-age. Our data suggests that the mitochondrial genome plays a role in DNAm-age relationships particularly in the context of long-term PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamaji C. Nwanaji-Enwerem
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA, 10032
| | - Lingzhen Dai
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Akin Cayir
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
- Vocational Health College, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey, 17100
| | - Marco Sanchez-Guerra
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico, 11000
| | - Hannah E. Laue
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA, 10032
| | - Vy T. Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Qian Di
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Allan C. Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Lifang Hou
- Center for Population Epigenetics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA, 02118
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Marc G. Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA, 10032
| | - Joel D. Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
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11
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San-Millán I, Brooks GA. Assessment of Metabolic Flexibility by Means of Measuring Blood Lactate, Fat, and Carbohydrate Oxidation Responses to Exercise in Professional Endurance Athletes and Less-Fit Individuals. Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Moran CN, Pitsiladis YP. Tour de France Champions born or made: where do we take the genetics of performance? J Sports Sci 2016; 35:1411-1419. [PMID: 27498724 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1215494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyclists in the Tour de France are endurance specialists. Twin and family studies have shown that approximately 50% of the variance in a number of performance-related phenotypes (whether measured at baseline, i.e., natural talent, or in response to training) including those important to cycling can be explained by genetic variation. Research into the specific genetic variants that are responsible has identified over 200 genes containing common genetic variants involved in the genetic predisposition to physical performance. However, typically these explain only a small portion of the variance, perhaps 1-2% and collectively they rarely explain anything approaching the 50% of the variance identified in the twin and family studies. Thus, there is a gap in our understanding of the relationship between heritability and performance. This gap may be bridged by investigation of rare variants or epigenetic variation or by altering study designs through increased collaborations to pool existing cohorts together. Initial findings from such efforts show promising results. This mini-review will touch on the genetics and epigenetics of sporting performance, how they relate to cyclists in the Tour de France and where best future efforts may be directed as well as discuss some preliminary research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin N Moran
- a Physiology, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group , University of Stirling , Stirling , Scotland
| | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- b FIMS Reference Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research , University of Brighton , Eastbourne , England
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13
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Santos CGM, Pimentel-Coelho PM, Budowle B, de Moura-Neto RS, Dornelas-Ribeiro M, Pompeu FAMS, Silva R. The heritable path of human physical performance: from single polymorphisms to the "next generation". Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:600-12. [PMID: 26147924 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human physical performance is a complex multifactorial trait. Historically, environmental factors (e.g., diet, training) alone have been unable to explain the basis of all prominent phenotypes for physical performance. Therefore, there has been an interest in the study of the contribution of genetic factors to the development of these phenotypes. Support for a genetic component is found with studies that shown that monozygotic twins were more similar than were dizygotic twins for many physiological traits. The evolution of molecular techniques and the ability to scan the entire human genome enabled association of several genetic polymorphisms with performance. However, some biases related to the selection of cohorts and inadequate definition of the study variables have complicated the already difficult task of studying such a large and polymorphic genome, often resulting in inconsistent results about the influence of candidate genes. This review aims to provide a critical overview of heritable genetic aspects. Novel molecular technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, are discussed and how they can contribute to improving understanding of the molecular basis for athletic performance. It is important to ensure that the large amount of data that can be generated using these tools will be used effectively by ensuring well-designed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G M Santos
- Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Brazillian Army Biologic Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P M Pimentel-Coelho
- Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Brazillian Army Biologic Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B Budowle
- Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas - Health and Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - R S de Moura-Neto
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Dornelas-Ribeiro
- Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Brazillian Army Biologic Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F A M S Pompeu
- Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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14
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Lin X, Zhou S, Wen L, Davie A, Yao X, Liu W, Zhang Y. Potential role of maternal lineage in the thoroughbred breeding strategy. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 28:RD15063. [PMID: 25940872 DOI: 10.1071/rd15063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Many studies have focused on identifying the genes or single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the athletic ability of thoroughbreds, but few have considered differences in maternal and paternal heritability of athletic ability. Herein, we report on our association study of career race performances of 675 Australian thoroughbreds with their pedigrees. Racing performance data (prize money per start) were collected from the Bloodhound database. The performance of all horses was categorised as either poor or elite athletic achievement. Then, 675 foals were divided by their parents' performance (elite or poor) into four groups: (1) elite dams and elite sires; (2) elite dams and poor sires; (3) poor dams and elite sires; and (4) poor dams and poor sires. The performance of foals was then compared between the four groups. The results show that the heritability of race performance between dams and foals (r = 0.141, P < 0.001) is much higher than that between sires and foals (r = 0.035, P = 0.366), and that this difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05). We also examined the effect of the child-bearing age of dams and sires on the ratio of elite foals. We found a strong correlation between the number of elite foals and dams' child-bearing age (r = -0.105, P < 0.001), with the ratio of elite offspring reaching a high level between a child-bearing age of 8 and 11 years (χ2 = 14.31, d.f. = 1, P < 0.001). These findings suggest that the maternal line may play an important role in the selective breeding of athletic performance in thoroughbreds.
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15
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Abstract
Understanding the genetic architecture of athletic performance is an important step in the development of methods for talent identification in sport. Research concerned with molecular predictors has highlighted a number of potentially important DNA polymorphisms contributing to predisposition to success in certain types of sport. This review summarizes the evidence and mechanistic insights on the associations between DNA polymorphisms and athletic performance. A literature search (period: 1997-2014) revealed that at least 120 genetic markers are linked to elite athlete status (77 endurance-related genetic markers and 43 power/strength-related genetic markers). Notably, 11 (9%) of these genetic markers (endurance markers: ACE I, ACTN3 577X, PPARA rs4253778 G, PPARGC1A Gly482; power/strength markers: ACE D, ACTN3 Arg577, AMPD1 Gln12, HIF1A 582Ser, MTHFR rs1801131 C, NOS3 rs2070744 T, PPARG 12Ala) have shown positive associations with athlete status in three or more studies, and six markers (CREM rs1531550 A, DMD rs939787 T, GALNT13 rs10196189 G, NFIA-AS1 rs1572312 C, RBFOX1 rs7191721 G, TSHR rs7144481 C) were identified after performing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of African-American, Jamaican, Japanese, and Russian athletes. On the other hand, the significance of 29 (24%) markers was not replicated in at least one study. Future research including multicenter GWAS, whole-genome sequencing, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiling and performing meta-analyses in large cohorts of athletes is needed before these findings can be extended to practice in sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildus I Ahmetov
- Sport Technology Research Center, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.
| | - Olga N Fedotovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- J. William O. Ballard
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative; Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie; Université du Québec à Rimouski; Rimouski Quebec Canada
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17
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Mikami E, Fuku N, Kong QP, Takahashi H, Ohiwa N, Murakami H, Miyachi M, Higuchi M, Tanaka M, Pitsiladis YP, Kawahara T. Comprehensive analysis of common and rare mitochondrial DNA variants in elite Japanese athletes: a case–control study. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:780-7. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Maruszak A, Adamczyk JG, Siewierski M, Sozański H, Gajewski A, Żekanowski C. Mitochondrial DNA variation is associated with elite athletic status in the Polish population. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2012; 24:311-8. [PMID: 23163620 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that genetic factors located in mitochondrial and nuclear genomes influence sport performance. Certain mitochondrial haplogroups and polymorphisms were associated with the status of elite athlete, especially in endurance performance. The aim of our study was to assess whether selected mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA variants are associated with elite athlete performance in a group of 395 elite Polish athletes (213 endurance athletes and 182 power athletes) and 413 sedentary controls. Our major finding was that the mtDNA haplogroup H and HV cluster influence endurance performance at the Olympic/World Class level of performance (P = 0.018 and P = 0.0185, respectively). We showed that two polymorphisms located in the mtDNA control region were associated with achieving the elite performance level either in the total athlete's group as compared with controls (m.16362C, 3.8% vs 9.2%, respectively, P = 0.0025, odds ratio = 0.39, 95% confidence interval: 0.21-0.72), or in the endurance athletes as compared with controls (m.16080G, 2.35% vs 0%, respectively, P = 0.004). Our results indicate that mtDNA variability affects the endurance capacity rather than the power one. We also propose that mtDNA haplogroups and subhaplogroups, as well as individual mtDNA polymorphisms favoring endurance performance, could be population-specific, reflecting complex cross-talk between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maruszak
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
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