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Zhang G, Li Z, Chen G, Zhang L, Cai W, Deng S, Zhang H, Wu L, Li H, Liu H. Purification and characterization of the low molecular weight xylanase from Bacillus cereus L-1. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2951-2959. [PMID: 37843795 PMCID: PMC10689628 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylanase is widely used in various industries such as food processing, paper, textiles, and leather tanning. In this study, Bacillus cereus L-1 strain was isolated and identified as capable of producing low molecular weight xylanase through 16 s rRNA sequencing. Maximum xylanase yield of 15.51 ± 2.08 U/mL was achieved under optimal fermentation conditions (5% inoculum, 20 g/L xylan, pH 6.0, for 24 h). After purification via ammonium sulfate precipitation and High-S ion exchange chromatography, electrophoretic purity xylanase was obtained with a 28-fold purification and specific activity of 244.97 U/mg. Xylanase had an optimal pH of 6.5 and temperature of 60 °C and displayed thermostability at 30 °C and 40 °C with 48.56% and 45.97% remaining activity after 180 min, respectively. The xylanase retained more than 82.97% of its activity after incubation for 24 h at pH 5.0 and was sensitive to metal ions, especially Mg2+ and Li+. Purified xylanase showed a molecular weight of 23 kDa on SDS-PAGE, and partial peptide sequencing revealed homology to the endo-1,4-beta-xylanase with a molecular weight of 23.3 kDa through LC/MS-MS (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). This study suggests that the purified xylanase is easier to purify and enriches low molecular weight xylanases from bacteria source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Yichang Tobacco Company of Hubei Province, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Wen Cai
- China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Shuaijun Deng
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Hongtao Li
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Shandong Industrial Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Haobao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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2
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Kaur D, Joshi A, Sharma V, Batra N, Sharma AK. An insight into microbial sources, classification, and industrial applications of xylanases: A rapid review. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:1489-1503. [PMID: 37186103 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Endo 1,4-β-d-xylanases (EC3.2.1.8) are one of the key lignocellulose hydrolyzing enzymes. Xylan, which is present in copious amounts on earth, forms the primary substrate of endo-xylanases, which can unchain the constituent monosaccharides linked via β-1,4-glycosidic bonds from the xylan backbone. Researchers have shown keen interest in the xylanases belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 10 and 11, whereas those placed in other glycoside hydrolase families are yet to be investigated. Various microbes such as bacteria and fungi harbor these enzymes for the metabolism of their lignocellulose fibers. These microbes can be used as miniature biofactories of xylanase enzymes for a plethora of environmentally benign applications in pulp and paper industry, biofuel production, and for improving the quality of food in bread baking and fruit juice industry. This review highlights the potential of microbes in production of xylanase for industrial biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damanjeet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Varruchi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navneet Batra
- Department of Biotechnology, GGDSD College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil K Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
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3
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Tripathy D, Gadtya AS, Moharana S. Supramolecular Gel, Its classification, preparation, properties, and applications: A review. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2113892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debajani Tripathy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - Ankita Subhrasmita Gadtya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Moharana
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
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Shrestha S, Khatiwada JR, Kognou ALM, Chio C, Qin W. Biomass-Degrading Enzyme(s) Production and Biomass Degradation by a Novel Streptomyces thermocarboxydus. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:71. [PMID: 36622468 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Modern society has a great challenge to decrease waste and minimize the adverse effects of wastes on the economy, environment, and individual health. Thus, this study focuses on the use of eight agro-wastes (banana peel, barley straw, canola straw, pomegranate peel, orange peel, pumpkin pulp+seeds, maple leaf, and brewer's spent grains) by a novel bacterium (Streptomyces thermocarboxydus) for enzymes production. Further, the study explored the subsequent degradation of those wastes by the bacterium. This bacterium was isolated from forest soil and identified as Streptomyces thermocarboxydus by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The biodegrading capability of S. thermocarboxydus was determined by observing the clear zone around the colony cultured on the agar plate containing the different biomasses as sole carbon sources and calculating the substrate degradation ratios. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy images of eight agro-wastes before and after bacterial treatment and weight loss of agro-wastes revealed the bacterium degraded the biomasses. The different trends of enzyme activities were observed for various wastes, and the maximum activity depended on the type of agro-wastes. Overall, S. thermocarboxydus was found to be a potential candidate for pectinase and xylanase production. The enzyme production varies with the concentration of the biomasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Shrestha
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Janak R Khatiwada
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Aristide L M Kognou
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Chonlong Chio
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Wensheng Qin
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada.
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Kaushal J, Khatri M, Singh G, Arya SK. A multifaceted enzyme conspicuous in fruit juice clarification: An elaborate review on xylanase. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1350-1361. [PMID: 34740694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Xylanase enzyme has been classified as an enzyme belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family. The catalytic action of xylanase is focused on the degradation of xylan, a substrate for this enzyme comprising of a complex arrangement of monosaccharides interlinked with the help of ester and glycosidic bonds. Xylan represents the second most profuse renewable polysaccharide present on earth. Breakage of the β- 1, 4-glycoside linkage in the xylan polymer is what makes xylanase enzyme an important biocatalyst favoring various applications including treatment of pulp for improving paper quality, improvement of bread quality, treatment of lignocelluloses waste, production of xylose sugar and production of biological fuels. Most recently, xylanase has been exploited in the food industry for the purpose of fruit juice clarification. Turbidity caused by the colloidal polysaccharides present in the freshly squeezed fruit juice poses a setback to the fruit juice industry since the commercial product must be clear and free of excess polysaccharides to improve juice quality and storage life. This review gives an overview of the recent advancements made in regards to xylanase enzyme being used commercially with main focus on its role in fruit juice clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kaushal
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhu Khatri
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gursharan Singh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Liang C, Xu Z, Wang Q, Wang W, Xu H, Guo Y, Qi W, Wang Z. Improving β-glucosidase and xylanase production in a combination of waste substrate from domestic wastewater treatment system and agriculture residues. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124019. [PMID: 32916465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellulase and hemicellulase activities are considered to the major bottlenecks in the lignocellulosic biorefinery process, especially in an enzyme cocktail lacking β-glucosidase (BGL) and xylanase (XYL). In view of this issue, higher levels of BGL and XYL activities were obtained in the presence of wastewater and activated sludge as an induction medium mixed with 5% of rice straw by Hypocrea sp. W63. The analysis of the ionic content showed that a relatively low sludge dose could enhance the production of BGL and XYL. Most importantly, compared to a medium using freshwater, the proportion of 1:10 sludge to wastewater, which contained nutrient elements, led to 3.4-fold BGL and 3.7-fold XYL production improvements. This research describes the reuse of substrates that are largely and continuously generated from domestic wastewater treatment systems and agriculture residues, which consequently leads to the development of a simultaneous enzyme production process for sustainable biorefinery practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyi Liang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zihan Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Wen Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Huijuan Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Ying Guo
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Wei Qi
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Zhongming Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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7
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Monica P, Kapoor M. Alkali-stable GH11 endo-β-1,4 xylanase (XynB) from Bacillus subtilis strain CAM 21: application in hydrolysis of agro-industrial wastes, fruit/vegetable peels and weeds. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:475-487. [PMID: 33043796 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1830416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
GH11 endo-xylanases, due to their inherent structural and biochemical properties, are the key to efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added products. A GH11 endo-xylanase (XynB) from Bacillus subtilis strain CAM 21 was cloned, over-expressed and purified (Mw∼24 kDa) using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. XynB showed optimum activity at pH 7.0 and 50°C and was stable (>88%) in a broad range of pH (4-11). The apparent Km, Kcat and Kcat/Km of XynB were 2.9 mg/ml, 1961.2/sec, and 675.62 ml/mg/sec, respectively using birchwood xylan as substrate. XynB was a classical endo-xylanase as it hydrolyzed birchwood xylan to xylo-oligosaccharides and not xylose. Kinetic stability of XynB at 45-53°C was between 43-182 min. Secondary structure analysis of XynB using far-UV CD spectroscopy revealed presence of 51.85% β strands and 2.64% α helix and was consistent with the homology modeling studies. XynB hydrolyzed the xylan extracted from agro-industrial wastes and fruit/vegetable peels by releasing up to 670 mg/g of reducing sugars. The xylan extracted from weeds (Ageratum conyzoides, Achyranthes aspera and Tridax procumbens) had characteristic signatures of hemicelluloses and after XynB hydrolysis showed cracks, peeling and release of up to 135.2 mg/g reducing sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Monica
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mukesh Kapoor
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, India
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8
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Taddia A, Brandaleze GN, Boggione MJ, Bortolato SA, Tubio G. An integrated approach to the sustainable production of xylanolytic enzymes from Aspergillus niger using agro-industrial by-products. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 50:979-991. [PMID: 32552262 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1777425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Xylanolytic enzymes were produced by Aspergillus niger NRRL3 grown on agro-industrial by-products obtained from the processing of wheat flour without pretreatment. Significant parameters for xylanase production were screened and optimized. The xylanolytic activity obtained in the optimized extract was 138.3 ± 2.6 U/mL, higher than the activity obtained in an unoptimized medium (14.5 ± 0.3 U/mL) in previous work. The optimized fermentation process was performed in a successful 40-fold scale-up. The optimized enzymatic extract obtained was characterized by LC-MS. Nine enzymes were identified as constituents of the xylanolytic complex. Moreover, the xylanolytic enzymes were stable until 60 °C and over a broad range of pH. Sodium, calcium, cobalt and manganese had no inhibitory effect, meanwhile 1% w/v polyvinylpyrrolidone and 1% w/v dextran increased the xylanolytic activity. The saccharification efficiency was evaluated and the surface morphology of the lignocellulosic substrate was monitored by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The synergistic combination of the extracted (o purified) xylanolytic enzymes permitted a higher xylan conversion beneficial for diverse applications, such as bioethanol production. Thus, these agroindustrial by-products can be used within the framework of a circular economy, rendering an added value bioproduct, which is reused in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Taddia
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROByQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Tecnología, Rosario, Argentina.,Instituto de Química de Rosario (IQUIR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Química Analítica, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gerónimo Nicolás Brandaleze
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROByQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Tecnología, Rosario, Argentina.,Instituto de Química de Rosario (IQUIR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Química Analítica, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Julia Boggione
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROByQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Tecnología, Rosario, Argentina.,Instituto de Química de Rosario (IQUIR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Química Analítica, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Santiago Andrés Bortolato
- Instituto de Química de Rosario (IQUIR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Química Analítica, Rosario, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (FCByF), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gisela Tubio
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROByQ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Tecnología, Rosario, Argentina.,Instituto de Química de Rosario (IQUIR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Química Analítica, Rosario, Argentina
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Sun T, Yan P, Zhan N, Zhang L, Chen Z, Zhang A, Shan A. The optimization of fermentation conditions for Pichia pastoris GS115 producing recombinant xylanase. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:216-228. [PMID: 32874185 PMCID: PMC7447871 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylanase is a member of an important family of enzymes that has been used in many biotechnological processes. However, the overall cost of enzyme production has been the main problem in the industrial application of enzymes. To obtain maximum xylanase production, statistical approaches based on the Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology were employed. The results of the statistical analyses demonstrated that the optimal conditions for increased xylanase production were the following: inoculum size, 3.8%; maize meal, 4.5%; histidine, 0.6%; methanol, 1%; culture volume, 20%; bean pulp, 30 g L-1; and Tween-80, 0.8%; and pH 5.0. Verification of the optimization demonstrated that 3273 U mL-1 xylanase was observed under the optimal conditions in shake flask experiments. SDS-PAGE results showed that the size of xylanase protein was about 23 kDa. The results showed that the xylanase produced by fermentation came from Aspergillus Niger by MALDI-TOF-MS. The optimized medium resulted in 2.1- and 1.4-fold higher the activity of xylanase compared with the unoptimized medium (the main nutrients are maize meal and bean pulp) and laboratory medium (the main nutrients are yeast extract and peptone), respectively. The optimization of fermentation conditions is an effective means to reduce production cost and improve xylanase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, The Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinP. R. China
| | - Ping Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, The Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinP. R. China
| | - Na Zhan
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, The Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinP. R. China
| | - Licong Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, The Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinP. R. China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, The Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinP. R. China
| | - Aizhong Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary MedicineHeilongjiang Bayi Agricultural UniversityDaqingP. R. China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, The Institute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinP. R. China
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Bhardwaj N, Kumar B, Verma P. A detailed overview of xylanases: an emerging biomolecule for current and future prospective. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-019-0276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Xylan is the second most abundant naturally occurring renewable polysaccharide available on earth. It is a complex heteropolysaccharide consisting of different monosaccharides such as l-arabinose, d-galactose, d-mannoses and organic acids such as acetic acid, ferulic acid, glucuronic acid interwoven together with help of glycosidic and ester bonds. The breakdown of xylan is restricted due to its heterogeneous nature and it can be overcome by xylanases which are capable of cleaving the heterogeneous β-1,4-glycoside linkage. Xylanases are abundantly present in nature (e.g., molluscs, insects and microorganisms) and several microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae are used extensively for its production. Microbial xylanases show varying substrate specificities and biochemical properties which makes it suitable for various applications in industrial and biotechnological sectors. The suitability of xylanases for its application in food and feed, paper and pulp, textile, pharmaceuticals, and lignocellulosic biorefinery has led to an increase in demand of xylanases globally. The present review gives an insight of using microbial xylanases as an “Emerging Green Tool” along with its current status and future prospective.
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Abdella A, Segato F, Wilkins MR. Optimization of nutrient medium components for production of a client endo-β-1,4-xylanase from Aspergillus fumigatus var. niveus using a recombinant Aspergillus nidulans strain. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Bhardwaj N, Kumar B, Agarwal K, Chaturvedi V, Verma P. Purification and characterization of a thermo-acid/alkali stable xylanases from Aspergillus oryzae LC1 and its application in Xylo-oligosaccharides production from lignocellulosic agricultural wastes. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 122:1191-1202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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13
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Kumar B, Bhardwaj N, Alam A, Agrawal K, Prasad H, Verma P. Production, purification and characterization of an acid/alkali and thermo tolerant cellulase from Schizophyllum commune NAIMCC-F-03379 and its application in hydrolysis of lignocellulosic wastes. AMB Express 2018; 8:173. [PMID: 30334113 PMCID: PMC6192944 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A cellulase producing fungus Schizophyllum commune NAIMCC-F-03379 was isolated from decomposed leaf sample of Lantana camera. The nutritional components (wheat bran, magnesium sulphate and calcium chloride concentrations) and physical parameters (temperature and pH) were optimised by response surface methodology for enhanced cellulase production by S. commune NAIMCC-F-03379. The optimized medium contained: 1% (w/v) wheat bran, 0.3 g/L MgSO4, 0.8–1.0 g/L CaCl2, optimum temperature and pH were 25 °C and 5 respectively. Under optimum condition, 5.35-fold increase in CMCase and 6.62-fold increase in FPase activity was obtained as compared to un-optimized condition. Crude cellulase enzyme was subjected to different purification techniques and comparative evaluation of their efficiency was performed. The aqueous two-phase system using polyethylene glycol 8000/MnSO4 system showed maximum purification with 10.4-fold increase in activity, 79.5% yield and 0.5 partition coefficient. The cellulase enzyme obtained from S. commune NAIMCC-F-03379 has shown high stability i.e. more than 55% relative activity after 12 h of incubation over wide range of temperature (25–65 °C) and pH (3–10). The molecular weight of the cellulase enzyme was estimated as ~ 60 kDa by using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and zymography. Km and Vmax value of cellulase on carboxy-methyl cellulose were obtained as 0.0909 mg/mL and 45.45 μmol/min mg respectively. Rice straw and wheat bran were subjected to hydrolysis using cellulase and cellulase–xylanase cocktail and analysed by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC analysis showed glucose concentration of 1.162 mg/mL after enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw.
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14
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Production and characterization of a novel acidophilic and thermostable xylanase from Thermoascus aurantiacu. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 109:1270-1279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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15
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Kumar V, Dangi AK, Shukla P. Engineering Thermostable Microbial Xylanases Toward its Industrial Applications. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:226-235. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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16
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de Almeida Antunes Ferraz JL, Souza LO, Soares GA, Coutinho JP, de Oliveira JR, Aguiar-Oliveira E, Franco M. Enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic residues using cellulolytic enzyme extract produced by Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 10110 cultivated on residue of yellow mombin fruit. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 248:214-220. [PMID: 28669572 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to enzymatic saccharification of food waste was performed by crude enzymatic cellulolytic extract produced by P. roqueforti cultivated in yellow mombin residue. The best yield of reducing sugars (259.45mgg-1) was achieved with sugarcane bagasse after 4h; the hydrolysis of corn cob, rice husk and peanut hull resulted in yields around 128-180mgg-1. The addition of 10mmolL-1 of Mn2+ potentiated the saccharification of sugarcane bagasse, in about 86%. The temperature and substrate (sugarcane bagasse) concentration parameters were optimized using a Doehlert Design and, a maximum sugar yield of 662.34±26.72mgg-1 was achieved at 62.40°C, 0.22% (w/v) of substrate, with the addition of Mn2+. Sugar yield was significantly high when compared to previous studies available in scientific literature, suggesting the use of crude cellulolytic supplemented with Mn2+ an alternative and promising process for saccharification of sugarcane bagasse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Oliveira Souza
- Department of Exact Sciences and Natural, State University of Southwest Bahia (UESB), Postal Code: 45700-000 Itapetinga, Brazil
| | - Glêydison Amarante Soares
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Postal Code: 45654-370 Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Janclei Pereira Coutinho
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Postal Code: 45654-370 Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Julieta Rangel de Oliveira
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Postal Code: 45654-370 Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Elizama Aguiar-Oliveira
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Postal Code: 45654-370 Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Postal Code: 45654-370 Ilhéus, Brazil.
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17
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Heinen PR, Bauermeister A, Ribeiro LF, Messias JM, Almeida PZ, Moraes LAB, Vargas-Rechia CG, de Oliveira AHC, Ward RJ, Filho EXF, Kadowaki MK, Jorge JA, Polizeli MLTM. GH11 xylanase from Aspergillus tamarii Kita: Purification by one-step chromatography and xylooligosaccharides hydrolysis monitored in real-time by mass spectrometry. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 108:291-299. [PMID: 29191425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the one-step purification and biochemical characterization of an endo-1,4-β-xylanase from Aspergillus tamarii Kita. Extracellular xylanase was purified to homogeneity 7.43-fold through CM-cellulose. Enzyme molecular weight and pI were estimated to be 19.5kDa and 8.5, respectively. The highest activity of the xylanase was obtained at 60°C and it was active over a broad pH range (4.0-9.0), with maximal activity at pH 5.5. The enzyme was thermostable at 50°C, retaining more than 70% of its initial activity for 480min. The K0.5 and Vmax values on beechwood xylan were 8.13mg/mL and 1,330.20μmol/min/mg of protein, respectively. The ions Ba2+ and Ni2+, and the compounds β-mercaptoethanol and DTT enhanced xylanase activity, while the heavy metals (Co2+, Cu2+, Hg+, Pb2+ and Zn2+) strongly inhibited the enzyme, at 5mM. Enzymatic hydrolysis of xylooligosaccharides monitored in real-time by mass spectrometer showed that the shortest xylooligosaccharide more efficiently hydrolyzed by A. tamarii Kita xylanase corresponded to xylopentaose. In agreement, HPLC analyzes did not detect xylopentaose among the hydrolysis products of xylan. Therefore, this novel GH11 endo-xylanase displays a series of physicochemical properties favorable to its application in the food, feed, pharmaceutical and paper industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Heinen
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia - Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Bauermeister
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L F Ribeiro
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering - Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - J M Messias
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Z Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia - Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L A B Moraes
- Departamento de Química - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C G Vargas-Rechia
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A H C de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R J Ward
- Departamento de Química - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E X F Filho
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - M K Kadowaki
- Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas - UNIOESTE - Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - J A Jorge
- Departamento de Biologia - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M L T M Polizeli
- Departamento de Biologia - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
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18
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Yegin S. Xylanase production by Aureobasidium pullulans on globe artichoke stem: Bioprocess optimization, enzyme characterization and application in saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 47:441-449. [PMID: 27537074 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2016.1224245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Statistical optimization of the factors affecting xylanase production by Aureobasidium pullulans NRRL Y-2311-1 on globe artichoke stem was performed for the first time. The optimization strategies used resulted in almost six-fold enhancement of xylanase production (66.48 U/ml). Biochemical and thermal characterization of the crude xylanase preparation was performed to elucidate its feasibility for different industrial applications. The optimum conditions for xylanase activity were pH 4.0 and 30-50°C. The enzyme was very stable over a wide pH range of 3.0-8.0. The thermal stability studies revealed an inactivation energy of 183 kJ/mol. Thermodynamic parameters (enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy) for thermal inactivation were also determined. Primary application of the crude xylanase preparation in saccharification of corn cob subjected to different pretreatment techniques has been evaluated. The crude xylanase preparation was very promising for saccharification of corn cob pretreated with aqueous ammonia. The maximum yield of reducing sugar was 357 mg/g dry substrate, which revealed that the crude xylanase from A. pullulans could be a very good alternative in saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass for biological fuel generation. This study also provides a basis for further exploitation of globe artichoke by-products in microbial production of several other industrially significant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirma Yegin
- a Department of Food Engineering , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey
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19
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Kumar S, Arumugam N, Permaul K, Singh S. Chapter 5 Thermostable Enzymes and Their Industrial Applications. Microb Biotechnol 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315367880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
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20
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Gene cloning, expression, immobilization and characterization of endo-xylanase from Geobacillus sp. TF16 and investigation of its industrial applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Anthony P, Harish B, Jampala P, Ramanujam S, Uppuluri KB. Statistical optimization, purification and applications of xylanase produced from mixed bacteria in a solid liquid fermentation using Prosopis juliflora. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Purification, characterization, and molecular cloning of the xylanase from Streptomyces thermovulgaris TISTR1948 and its application to xylooligosaccharide production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Production and Partial Characterization of an Alkaline Xylanase from a Novel Fungus Cladosporium oxysporum. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4575024. [PMID: 27213150 PMCID: PMC4861788 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4575024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new fungus Cladosporium oxysporum GQ-3 producing extracellular xylanase was isolated from decaying agricultural waste and identified based on the morphology and comparison of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA gene sequence. C. oxysporum produced maximum xylanase activity of 55.92 U/mL with wheat bran as a substrate and NH4Cl as a nitrogen source. Mg2+ improved C. oxysporum xylanase production. Partially purified xylanase exhibited maximum activity at 50°C and pH 8.0, respectively, and showed the stable activity after 2-h treatment in pH 7.0–8.5 or below 55°C. Mg2+ enhanced the xylanase activity by 2% while Cu2+ had the highest inhibition ratio of 57.9%. Furthermore, C. oxysporum xylanase was resistant to most of tested neutral and alkaline proteases. Our findings indicated that Cladosporium oxysporum GQ-3 was a novel xylanase producer, which could be used in the textile processes or paper/feed industries.
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Studies on properties of the xylan-binding domain and linker sequence of xylanase XynG1-1 from Paenibacillus campinasensis G1-1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 42:1591-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Xylanase XynG1-1 from Paenibacillus campinasensis G1-1 consists of a catalytic domain (CD), a family 6_36 carbohydrate-binding module which is a xylan-binding domain (XBD), and a linker sequence (LS) between them. The structure of XynG1-3 from Bacillus pumilus G1-3 consists only of a CD. To investigate the functions and properties of the XBD and LS of XynG1-1, two truncated forms (XynG1-1CDL, XynG1-1CD) and three fusion derivatives (XynG1-3CDL, XynG1-3CDX and XynG1-3CDLX) were constructed and biochemically characterized. The optimum conditions for the catalytic activity of mutants of XynG1-1 and XynG1-3 were 60 °C and pH 7.0, and 55 °C and pH 8.0, respectively, the same as for the corresponding wild-type enzymes. XynGs with an XBD were stable over a broad temperature (30–80 °C) and pH range (4.0–11.0), respectively, on incubation for 3 h. Kinetic parameters (K m, k cat, k cat/K m) of XynGs were determined with soluble birchwood xylan and insoluble oat spelt xylan as substrates. XynGs with the XBD showed better affinities toward, and more efficient catalysis of hydrolysis of the insoluble substrate. The XBD had positive effects on thermostability and pH stability and a crucial function in the ability of the enzyme to bind and hydrolyze insoluble substrate. The LS had little effect on the overall stability of the xylanase and no relationship with affinities for soluble and insoluble substrates or catalytic efficiency.
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Amel BD, Nawel B, Khelifa B, Mohammed G, Manon J, Salima KG, Farida N, Hocine H, Bernard O, Jean-Luc C, Marie-Laure F. Characterization of a purified thermostable xylanase from Caldicoprobacter algeriensis sp. nov. strain TH7C1(T). Carbohydr Res 2015; 419:60-8. [PMID: 26687892 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the purification and biochemical characterization of an extracellular thermostable xylanase (called XYN35) from Caldicoprobacter algeriensis sp. nov., strain TH7C1(T), a thermophilic, anaerobic strain isolated from the hydrothermal hot spring of Guelma (Algeria). The maximum xylanase activity recorded after 24 h of incubation at 70 °C and in an optimized medium containing 10 g/L mix birchwood- and oats spelt-xylan was 250 U/mL. The pure protein was obtained after heat treatment (1 h at 70 °C), followed by sequential column chromatographies on Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration and Mono-S Sepharose anion-exchange. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis indicated that the purified enzyme is a monomer with a molecular mass of 35,075.10 Da. The results from amino-acid sequence analysis revealed high homology between the 21 NH2-terminal residues of XYN35 and those of bacterial xylanases. The enzyme showed optimum activity at pH 11 and 70 °C. While XYN35 was activated by Ca(2+), Mn(2+), and Mg(2+), it was completely inhibited by Hg(2+) and Cd(2+). The xylanase showed higher specific activity on soluble oat-spelt xylan, followed by beechwood xylan. This enzyme was also noted to obey the Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with Km and kcat values on oat-spelt xylan being 1.33 mg/mL and 400 min(-1), respectively. Thin-layer chromatography soluble oat-spelt xylan (TLC) analysis showed that the final hydrolyzed products of the enzyme from birchwood xylan were xylose, xylobiose, and xylotriose. Taken together, the results indicated that the XYN35 enzyme has a number of attractive biochemical properties that make it a potential promising candidate for future application in the pulp bleaching industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouanane-Darenfed Amel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), PO Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria; Aix Marseille University-IRD-University of Toulon-CNRS-Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Boucherba Nawel
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Nature Science and Life, University of Bejaia, Targa Ouzemmour, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Bouacem Khelifa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), PO Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria
| | - Gagaoua Mohammed
- Maquav Team, Bioqual Laboratory, INATAA, Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 University, Ain El-Bey Street, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Joseph Manon
- Aix Marseille University-IRD-University of Toulon-CNRS-Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Kebbouche-Gana Salima
- Laboratory of Biological Resources Conservation and Valuation, Faculty of Sciences, M'Hamed Bougara-Boumerdes University, 06000 Boumerdes, Algeria
| | - Nateche Farida
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), PO Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hacene Hocine
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), PO Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria
| | - Ollivier Bernard
- Aix Marseille University-IRD-University of Toulon-CNRS-Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Cayol Jean-Luc
- Aix Marseille University-IRD-University of Toulon-CNRS-Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Fardeau Marie-Laure
- Aix Marseille University-IRD-University of Toulon-CNRS-Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
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Liu MQ, Huo WK, Xu X, Jin DF. An immobilized bifunctional xylanase on carbon-coated chitosan nanoparticles with a potential application in xylan-rich biomass bioconversion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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