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Yadav S, El Hamra R, Alturki NA, Ariana A, Bhan A, Hurley K, Gaestel M, Blackshear PJ, Blais A, Sad S. Regulation of Zfp36 by ISGF3 and MK2 restricts the expression of inflammatory cytokines during necroptosis stimulation. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:574. [PMID: 39117638 PMCID: PMC11310327 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Necrosome activation following TLR- or cytokine receptor-signaling results in cell death by necroptosis which is characterized by the rupture of cell membranes and the consequent release of intracellular contents to the extracellular milieu. While necroptosis exacerbates various inflammatory diseases, the mechanisms through which the inflammatory responses are regulated are not clear. We show that the necrosome activation of macrophages results in an upregulation of various pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, which results in an elevation of the inflammatory response and consequent expression of several cytokines and chemokines. Programming for this upregulation of inflammatory response occurs during the early phase of necrosome activation and proceeds independently of cell death but depends on the activation of the receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RipK1). Interestingly, necrosome activation also results in an upregulation of IFNβ, which in turn exerts an inhibitory effect on the maintenance of inflammatory response through the repression of MAPK-signaling and an upregulation of Zfp36. Activation of the interferon-induced gene factor-3 (ISGF3) results in the expression of ZFP36 (TTP), which induces the post-transcriptional degradation of mRNAs of various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines through the recognition of AU-rich elements in their 3'UTR. Furthermore, ZFP-36 inhibits IFNβ-, but not TNFα- induced necroptosis. Overall, these results reveal the molecular mechanism through which IFNβ, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, induces the expression of ZFP-36, which in turn inhibits necroptosis and halts the maintenance of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rayan El Hamra
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Norah A Alturki
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ardeshir Ariana
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Avni Bhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kate Hurley
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alexandre Blais
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Centre for Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Subash Sad
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- University of Ottawa, Centre for Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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2
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Shrestha P, Kandel J, Tayara H, Chong KT. Post-translational modification prediction via prompt-based fine-tuning of a GPT-2 model. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6699. [PMID: 39107330 PMCID: PMC11303401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are pivotal in modulating protein functions and influencing cellular processes like signaling, localization, and degradation. The complexity of these biological interactions necessitates efficient predictive methodologies. In this work, we introduce PTMGPT2, an interpretable protein language model that utilizes prompt-based fine-tuning to improve its accuracy in precisely predicting PTMs. Drawing inspiration from recent advancements in GPT-based architectures, PTMGPT2 adopts unsupervised learning to identify PTMs. It utilizes a custom prompt to guide the model through the subtle linguistic patterns encoded in amino acid sequences, generating tokens indicative of PTM sites. To provide interpretability, we visualize attention profiles from the model's final decoder layer to elucidate sequence motifs essential for molecular recognition and analyze the effects of mutations at or near PTM sites to offer deeper insights into protein functionality. Comparative assessments reveal that PTMGPT2 outperforms existing methods across 19 PTM types, underscoring its potential in identifying disease associations and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palistha Shrestha
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeevan Kandel
- Graduate School of Integrated Energy-AI, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hilal Tayara
- School of International Engineering and Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kil To Chong
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
- Advances Electronics and Information Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Forbes M, Kempa R, Mastrobuoni G, Rayman L, Pietzke M, Bayram S, Arlt B, Spruessel A, Deubzer HE, Kempa S. L-Glyceraldehyde Inhibits Neuroblastoma Cell Growth via a Multi-Modal Mechanism on Metabolism and Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1664. [PMID: 38730615 PMCID: PMC11083149 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde (GA) is a three-carbon monosaccharide that can be present in cells as a by-product of fructose metabolism. Bruno Mendel and Otto Warburg showed that the application of GA to cancer cells inhibits glycolysis and their growth. However, the molecular mechanism by which this occurred was not clarified. We describe a novel multi-modal mechanism by which the L-isomer of GA (L-GA) inhibits neuroblastoma cell growth. L-GA induces significant changes in the metabolic profile, promotes oxidative stress and hinders nucleotide biosynthesis. GC-MS and 13C-labeling was employed to measure the flow of carbon through glycolytic intermediates under L-GA treatment. It was found that L-GA is a potent inhibitor of glycolysis due to its proposed targeting of NAD(H)-dependent reactions. This results in growth inhibition, apoptosis and a redox crisis in neuroblastoma cells. It was confirmed that the redox mechanisms were modulated via L-GA by proteomic analysis. Analysis of nucleotide pools in L-GA-treated cells depicted a previously unreported observation, in which nucleotide biosynthesis is significantly inhibited. The inhibitory action of L-GA was partially relieved with the co-application of the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine. We present novel evidence for a simple sugar that inhibits cancer cell proliferation via dysregulating its fragile homeostatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Forbes
- Integrative Proteomics and Metabolomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Kempa
- Integrative Proteomics and Metabolomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Mastrobuoni
- Integrative Proteomics and Metabolomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liam Rayman
- Integrative Proteomics and Metabolomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Pietzke
- Integrative Proteomics and Metabolomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, MaxPlanck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Safak Bayram
- Integrative Proteomics and Metabolomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Birte Arlt
- Integrative Proteomics and Metabolomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berliner Institut für Gesundheitsforschung (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Strase 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Spruessel
- Berliner Institut für Gesundheitsforschung (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Strase 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hedwig E. Deubzer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berliner Institut für Gesundheitsforschung (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Strase 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, Invalidenstr. 80, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Kempa
- Integrative Proteomics and Metabolomics, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str. 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Eguchi A, Olsen JV. Phosphoproteomic investigation of targets of protein phosphatases in EGFR signaling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7908. [PMID: 38575675 PMCID: PMC10995159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) initiate cellular signaling pathways, which are regulated through a delicate balance of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. While many studies of RTKs have focused on downstream-activated kinases catalyzing the site-specific phosphorylation, few studies have focused on the phosphatases carrying out the dephosphorylation. In this study, we analyzed six protein phosphatase networks using chemical inhibitors in context of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling by mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics. Specifically, we focused on protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C), involved in attenuating p38-dependent signaling pathways in various cellular responses, and confirmed its effect in regulating p38 activity in EGFR signaling. Furthermore, utilizing a p38 inhibitor, we classified phosphosites whose phosphorylation status depends on PP2C inhibition into p38-dependent and p38-independent sites. This study provides a large-scale dataset of phosphatase-regulation of EGF-responsive phosphorylation sites, which serves as a useful resource to deepen our understanding of EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Eguchi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jesper V Olsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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5
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Shrestha P, Kandel J, Tayara H, Chong KT. DL-SPhos: Prediction of serine phosphorylation sites using transformer language model. Comput Biol Med 2024; 169:107925. [PMID: 38183701 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.107925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Serine phosphorylation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various cellular processes and diseases. Roughly 81% of human diseases have links to phosphorylation, and an overwhelming 86.4% of protein phosphorylation takes place at serine residues. In eukaryotes, over a quarter of proteins undergo phosphorylation, with more than half implicated in numerous disorders, notably cancer and reproductive system diseases. This study primarily focuses on serine-phosphorylation-driven pathogenesis and the critical role of conserved motif identification. While numerous techniques exist for predicting serine phosphorylation sites, traditional wet lab experiments are resource-intensive. Our paper introduces a cutting-edge deep learning tool for predicting S phosphorylation sites, integrating explainable AI for motif identification, a transformer language model, and deep neural network components. We trained our model on protein sequences from UniProt, validated it against the dbPTM benchmark dataset, and employed the PTMD dataset to explore motifs related to mammalian disorders. Our results highlight that our model surpasses other deep learning predictors by a significant 3%. Furthermore, we utilized the local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) approach to shed light on the predictions, emphasizing the amino acid residues crucial for S phosphorylation. Notably, our model also outperformed competitors in kinase-specific serine phosphorylation prediction on benchmark datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palistha Shrestha
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeevan Kandel
- Graduate School of Integrated Energy-AI, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hilal Tayara
- School of International Engineering and Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kil To Chong
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; Advances Electronics and Information Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Alimbetov D, Umbayev B, Tsoy A, Begimbetova D, Davis T, Kipling D, Askarova S. Small molecule targeting of the p38/Mk2 stress signaling pathways to improve cancer treatment. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:895. [PMID: 37740222 PMCID: PMC10517462 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although a long-term goal of cancer therapy always has been the development of agents that selectively destroy cancer cells, more recent trends have been to seek secondary agents that sensitize cancer cells to existing treatment regimens. In this regard, the present study explored the possibility of using small molecule inhibitors of p38MAPK/MK2 stress signaling pathways as potential agents to enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells with abrogated G1 checkpoint to the DNA damaging agent etoposide by specifically targeting the DNA damage-induced G2 cell cycle checkpoint. METHODS We have applied CCK8 and FACS-based viability assays and cell cycle analysis to investigate the effect of small molecules SB203580 and MK2.III on the sensitivity of small cell lung cancer cells (SCLC) that lack the G1 checkpoint to the DNA damaging agent Etoposide when used in combination. We have also assessed the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy on tumor xenograft suppression with etoposide and MK2.III in immunosuppressed mice. In addition, additional CCK8 cell viability analysis of the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line, and SW620, and SW480 colorectal cancer cell lines was performed. RESULTS Results suggest that etoposide produces a profound effect on the cell cycle profile of cells in a manner that is consistent with the degree of cell viability that is seen using the viable cell assay. Results of the co-treatment experiments revealed that the p38/MK2 kinase inhibitors SB203580 and MK2.III both enhanced the DNA-damaging effects of etoposide on NCI-H69 cell viability in vitro. Results revealed that in vivo MK2.III was able to act as a chemosensitizer when used in combination with etoposide making NCI-H69 lung cancer cells sensitive to chemotherapeutic drug by 45% compared to single usage of the drug. We also report that MK2.III sensitizes metastatic cell lines SW-620 and MDA-MB-231 to etoposide but does not increase the sensitivity of non-metastasizing SW-480 colorectal cells to DNA damaging agent in vitro. CONCLUSION Findings reported in this study provide evidence that specific inhibitors of MK2 may indeed improve overall cancer therapy; however, their effectiveness depends on cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Alimbetov
- Creehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UT Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA.
| | - B Umbayev
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - A Tsoy
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - D Begimbetova
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - T Davis
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - D Kipling
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sh Askarova
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
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7
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Netterfield TS, Ostheimer GJ, Tentner AR, Joughin BA, Dakoyannis AM, Sharma CD, Sorger PK, Janes KA, Lauffenburger DA, Yaffe MB. Biphasic JNK-Erk signaling separates the induction and maintenance of cell senescence after DNA damage induced by topoisomerase II inhibition. Cell Syst 2023; 14:582-604.e10. [PMID: 37473730 PMCID: PMC10627503 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxic stress in mammalian cells, including those caused by anti-cancer chemotherapy, can induce temporary cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage-induced senescence (DDIS), or apoptotic cell death. Despite obvious clinical importance, it is unclear how the signals emerging from DNA damage are integrated together with other cellular signaling pathways monitoring the cell's environment and/or internal state to control different cell fates. Using single-cell-based signaling measurements combined with tensor partial least square regression (t-PLSR)/principal component analysis (PCA) analysis, we show that JNK and Erk MAPK signaling regulates the initiation of cell senescence through the transcription factor AP-1 at early times after doxorubicin-induced DNA damage and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) at late times after damage. These results identify temporally distinct roles for signaling pathways beyond the classic DNA damage response (DDR) that control the cell senescence decision and modulate the tumor microenvironment and reveal fundamental similarities between signaling pathways responsible for oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) and senescence caused by topoisomerase II inhibition. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana S Netterfield
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gerard J Ostheimer
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrea R Tentner
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexandra M Dakoyannis
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Charvi D Sharma
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Computer Science and Molecular Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin A Janes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael B Yaffe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma, and Surgical Critical Care, and Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Klapp V, Álvarez-Abril B, Leuzzi G, Kroemer G, Ciccia A, Galluzzi L. The DNA Damage Response and Inflammation in Cancer. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1521-1545. [PMID: 37026695 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Genomic stability in normal cells is crucial to avoid oncogenesis. Accordingly, multiple components of the DNA damage response (DDR) operate as bona fide tumor suppressor proteins by preserving genomic stability, eliciting the demise of cells with unrepairable DNA lesions, and engaging cell-extrinsic oncosuppression via immunosurveillance. That said, DDR sig-naling can also favor tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Indeed, DDR signaling in cancer cells has been consistently linked to the inhibition of tumor-targeting immune responses. Here, we discuss the complex interactions between the DDR and inflammation in the context of oncogenesis, tumor progression, and response to therapy. SIGNIFICANCE Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that DDR is intimately connected to the emission of immunomodulatory signals by normal and malignant cells, as part of a cell-extrinsic program to preserve organismal homeostasis. DDR-driven inflammation, however, can have diametrically opposed effects on tumor-targeting immunity. Understanding the links between the DDR and inflammation in normal and malignant cells may unlock novel immunotherapeutic paradigms to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Klapp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Beatriz Álvarez-Abril
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Leuzzi
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Alberto Ciccia
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, New York
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Luo D, Mladenov E, Soni A, Stuschke M, Iliakis G. The p38/MK2 Pathway Functions as Chk1-Backup Downstream of ATM/ATR in G 2-Checkpoint Activation in Cells Exposed to Ionizing Radiation. Cells 2023; 12:1387. [PMID: 37408221 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported that in G2-phase cells (but not S-phase cells) sustaining low loads of DNA double-strand break (DSBs), ATM and ATR regulate the G2-checkpoint epistatically, with ATR at the output-node, interfacing with the cell cycle through Chk1. However, although inhibition of ATR nearly completely abrogated the checkpoint, inhibition of Chk1 using UCN-01 generated only partial responses. This suggested that additional kinases downstream of ATR were involved in the transmission of the signal to the cell cycle engine. Additionally, the broad spectrum of kinases inhibited by UCN-01 pointed to uncertainties in the interpretation that warranted further investigations. Here, we show that more specific Chk1 inhibitors exert an even weaker effect on G2-checkpoint, as compared to ATR inhibitors and UCN-01, and identify the MAPK p38α and its downstream target MK2 as checkpoint effectors operating as backup to Chk1. These observations further expand the spectrum of p38/MK2 signaling to G2-checkpoint activation, extend similar studies in cells exposed to other DNA damaging agents and consolidate a role of p38/MK2 as a backup kinase module, adding to similar backup functions exerted in p53 deficient cells. The results extend the spectrum of actionable strategies and targets in current efforts to enhance the radiosensitivity in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxian Luo
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Emil Mladenov
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Aashish Soni
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - George Iliakis
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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10
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Zhou Y, Oki R, Tanaka A, Song L, Takashima A, Hamada N, Yokoyama S, Yano S, Sakurai H. Cellular stress induces non-canonical activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 through the p38-MK2-RSK signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104699. [PMID: 37059179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 is overexpressed in malignant tumors. We previously reported that non-canonical EphA2 phosphorylation at Ser-897 was catalyzed by p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) via the MEK-ERK pathway in ligand- and tyrosine kinase-independent manners. Non-canonical EphA2 activation plays a key role in tumor progression; however, its activation mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we focused on cellular stress signaling as a novel inducer of non-canonical EphA2 activation. p38, instead of ERK in the case of epidermal growth factor signaling, activated RSK-EphA2 under cellular stress conditions, including anisomycin, cisplatin and high osmotic stress. Notably, p38 activated the RSK-EphA2 axis via downstream MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2). Furthermore, MK2 directly phosphorylated both RSK1 Ser-380 and RSK2 Ser-386, critical residues for the activation of their N-terminal kinases, which is consistent with the result showing that the C-terminal kinase domain of RSK1 was dispensable for MK2-mediated EphA2 phosphorylation. Moreover, the p38-MK2-RSK-EphA2 axis promoted glioblastoma cell migration induced by temozolomide, a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of glioblastoma patients. Collectively, the present results reveal a novel molecular mechanism for non-canonical EphA2 activation under stress conditions in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ryota Oki
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Leixin Song
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takashima
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Naru Hamada
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Seiji Yano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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11
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Stehn JR, Floyd SR, Wilker EW, Reinhardt HC, Clarke SM, Huang Q, Polakiewicz RD, Sonenberg N, Kong YW, Yaffe MB. MAPKAP Kinase-2 phosphorylation of PABPC1 controls its interaction with 14-3-3 proteins after DNA damage: A combined kinase and protein array approach. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1148933. [PMID: 37091863 PMCID: PMC10117672 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1148933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins play critical roles in controlling multiple aspects of the cellular response to stress and DNA damage including regulation of metabolism, cell cycle progression, cell migration, and apoptotic cell death by binding to protein substrates of basophilic protein kinases following their phosphorylation on specific serine/threonine residues. Although over 200 mammalian proteins that bind to 14-3-3 have been identified, largely through proteomic studies, in many cases the relevant protein kinase responsible for conferring 14-3-3-binding to these proteins is not known. To facilitate the identification of kinase-specific 14-3-3 clients, we developed a biochemical approach using high-density protein filter arrays and identified the translational regulatory molecule PABPC1 as a substrate for Chk1 and MAPKAP Kinase-2 (MK2) in vitro, and for MK2 in vivo, whose phosphorylation results in 14-3-3-binding. We identify Ser-470 on PABPC1 within the linker region connecting the RRM domains to the PABC domain as the critical 14-3-3-binding site, and demonstrate that loss of PABPC1 binding to 14-3-3 results in increased cell proliferation and decreased cell death in response to UV-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine R. Stehn
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Scott R. Floyd
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Erik W. Wilker
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - H. Christian Reinhardt
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Scott M. Clarke
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Qiuying Huang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yi Wen Kong
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Michael B. Yaffe
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Divisions of Surgical Oncology, Trauma, and Surgical Critical Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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12
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Johansen VBI, Snieckute G, Vind AC, Blasius M, Bekker-Jensen S. Computational and Functional Analysis of Structural Features in the ZAKα Kinase. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060969. [PMID: 36980309 PMCID: PMC10047201 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinase ZAKα acts as the proximal sensor of translational impairment and ribotoxic stress, which results in the activation of the MAP kinases p38 and JNK. Despite recent insights into the functions and binding partners of individual protein domains in ZAKα, the mechanisms by which ZAKα binds ribosomes and becomes activated have remained elusive. Here, we highlight a short, thrice-repeated, and positively charged peptide motif as critical for the ribotoxic stress-sensing function of the Sensor (S) domain of ZAKα. We use this insight to demonstrate that the mutation of the SAM domain uncouples ZAKα activity from ribosome binding. Finally, we use 3D structural comparison to identify and functionally characterize an additional folded domain in ZAKα with structural homology to YEATS domains. These insights allow us to formulate a model for ribosome-templated ZAKα activation based on the re-organization of interactions between modular protein domains. In sum, our work both advances our understanding of the protein domains and 3D architecture of the ZAKα kinase and furthers our understanding of how the ribotoxic stress response is activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdemar Brimnes Ingemann Johansen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Goda Snieckute
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Constance Vind
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melanie Blasius
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Bekker-Jensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Utsu PM, Gber TE, Nwosa DO, Nwagu AD, Benjamin I, Ikot IJ, Eno EA, Offiong OE, Adeyinka A, Louis H. Modeling of Anthranilhydrazide (HL1) Salicylhydrazone and Its Copper Complexes Cu(I) and Cu(II) as a Potential Antimicrobial and Antituberculosis Therapeutic Candidate. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2023.2186444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Utsu
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Terkumbur E. Gber
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Deborah O. Nwosa
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Adanna D. Nwagu
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Innocent Benjamin
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Immaculata J. Ikot
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ededet A. Eno
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Offiong E. Offiong
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Adedabo Adeyinka
- Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hitler Louis
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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14
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García-Flores N, Jiménez-Suárez J, Garnés-García C, Fernández-Aroca DM, Sabater S, Andrés I, Fernández-Aramburo A, Ruiz-Hidalgo MJ, Belandia B, Sanchez-Prieto R, Cimas FJ. P38 MAPK and Radiotherapy: Foes or Friends? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030861. [PMID: 36765819 PMCID: PMC9913882 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, the study of the cellular response to ionizing radiation (IR) has increased exponentially. Among the various signaling pathways affected by IR, p38 MAPK has been shown to be activated both in vitro and in vivo, with involvement in key processes triggered by IR-mediated genotoxic insult, such as the cell cycle, apoptosis or senescence. However, we do not yet have a definitive clue about the role of p38 MAPK in terms of radioresistance/sensitivity and its potential use to improve current radiotherapy. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on this family of MAPKs in response to IR as well as in different aspects related to radiotherapy, such as their role in the control of REDOX, fibrosis, and in the radiosensitizing effect of several compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia García-Flores
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Jaime Jiménez-Suárez
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Cristina Garnés-García
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Diego M. Fernández-Aroca
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Sebastia Sabater
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Ignacio Andrés
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández-Aramburo
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz-Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Borja Belandia
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sanchez-Prieto
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
- Departamento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.S.-P.); (F.J.C.)
| | - Francisco J. Cimas
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina UCLM, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.S.-P.); (F.J.C.)
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15
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McMellen A, Yamamoto TM, Qamar L, Sanders BE, Nguyen LL, Chavez DO, Bapat J, Berning A, Post MD, Johnson J, Behbakht K, Nurmemmedov E, Chuong EB, Bitler BG. ATF6-Mediated Signaling Contributes to PARP Inhibitor Resistance in Ovarian Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:3-13. [PMID: 36149636 PMCID: PMC9812934 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the deadliest ovarian cancer histotype due in-part to the lack of therapeutic options for chemotherapy-resistant disease. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) represent a targeted treatment. However, PARPi resistance is becoming a significant clinical challenge. There is an urgent need to overcome resistance mechanisms to extend disease-free intervals. We established isogeneic PARPi-sensitive and -resistant HGSOC cell lines. In three PARPi-resistant models, there is a significant increase in AP-1 transcriptional activity and DNA repair capacity. Using RNA-sequencing and an shRNA screen, we identified activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) as a mediator of AP-1 activity, DNA damage response, and PARPi resistance. In publicly available datasets, ATF6 expression is elevated in HGSOC and portends a poorer recurrence-free survival. In a cohort of primary HGSOC tumors, higher ATF6 expression significantly correlated to PARPi resistance. In PARPi-resistant cell lines and a PDX model, inhibition of a known ATF6 regulator, p38, attenuated AP-1 activity and RAD51 foci formation, enhanced DNA damage, significantly inhibited tumor burden, and reduced accumulation of nuclear ATF6. IMPLICATIONS This study highlights that a novel p38-ATF6-mediated AP-1 signaling axis contributes to PARPi resistance and provides a clinical rationale for combining PARPi and AP-1 signaling inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra McMellen
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tomomi M. Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lubna Qamar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brooke E. Sanders
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lily L. Nguyen
- Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology, The University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Daniela Ortiz Chavez
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jaidev Bapat
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Amber Berning
- Department of Pathology, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Miriam D. Post
- Department of Pathology, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joshua Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kian Behbakht
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Edward B. Chuong
- Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology, The University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Benjamin G. Bitler
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA,Corresponding author: Benjamin G. Bitler, Ph.D., 12700 East 19th Avenue, MS 8613, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Phone: 303-724-0574;
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16
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Marquina M, Lambea E, Carmona M, Sánchez-Marinas M, López-Aviles S, Ayte J, Hidalgo E, Aligue R. A new negative feedback mechanism for MAPK pathway inactivation through Srk1 MAPKAP kinase. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19501. [PMID: 36376357 PMCID: PMC9663701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fission yeast mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) Sty1 is essential for cell survival in response to different environmental insults. In unstimulated cells, Sty1 forms an inactive ternary cytoplasmatic complex with the MAPKK Wis1 and the MAPKAP kinase Srk1. Wis1 phosphorylates and activates Sty1, inducing the nuclear translocation of the complex. Once in the nucleus, Sty1 phosphorylates and activates Srk1, which in turns inhibits Cdc25 and cell cycle progression, before being degraded in a proteasome-dependent manner. In parallel, active nuclear Sty1 activates the transcription factor Atf1, which results in the expression of stress response genes including pyp2 (a MAPK phosphatase) and srk1. Despite its essentiality in response to stress, persistent activation of the MAPK pathway can be deleterious and induces cell death. Thus, timely pathway inactivation is essential to ensure an appropriate response and cell viability. Here, uncover a role for the MAPKAP kinase Srk1 as an essential component of a negative feedback loop regulating the Sty1 pathway through phosphorylation and inhibition of the Wis1 MAPKK. This feedback regulation by a downstream kinase in the pathway highlights an additional mechanism for fine-tuning of MAPK signaling. Thus, our results indicate that Srk1 not only facilitates the adaptation to stress conditions by preventing cell cycle progression, but also plays an instrumental role regulating the upstream kinases in the stress MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Marquina
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department of Biomedical Science, University of Barcelona, CIBERonc, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.440832.90000 0004 1766 8613Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University (VIU), Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Lambea
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department of Biomedical Science, University of Barcelona, CIBERonc, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.425602.70000 0004 1765 2224Present Address: Diagnostic Grifols SA., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercé Carmona
- grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sánchez-Marinas
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department of Biomedical Science, University of Barcelona, CIBERonc, Barcelona, Spain ,Present Address: RPD. SL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra López-Aviles
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - José Ayte
- grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Aligue
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department of Biomedical Science, University of Barcelona, CIBERonc, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Borror MB, Girotti M, Kar A, Cain MK, Gao X, MacKay VL, Herron B, Bhaskaran S, Becerra S, Novy N, Ventura N, Johnson TE, Kennedy BK, Rea SL. Inhibition of ATR Reverses a Mitochondrial Respiratory Insufficiency. Cells 2022; 11:1731. [PMID: 35681427 PMCID: PMC9179431 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases that affect the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) often manifest as threshold effect disorders, meaning patients only become symptomatic once a certain level of ETC dysfunction is reached. Cells can invoke mechanisms to circumvent reaching their critical ETC threshold, but it is an ongoing challenge to identify such processes. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, severe reduction of mitochondrial ETC activity shortens life, but mild reduction actually extends it, providing an opportunity to identify threshold circumvention mechanisms. Here, we show that removal of ATL-1, but not ATM-1, worm orthologs of ATR and ATM, respectively, key nuclear DNA damage checkpoint proteins in human cells, unexpectedly lessens the severity of ETC dysfunction. Multiple genetic and biochemical tests show no evidence for increased mutation or DNA breakage in animals exposed to ETC disruption. Reduced ETC function instead alters nucleotide ratios within both the ribo- and deoxyribo-nucleotide pools, and causes stalling of RNA polymerase, which is also known to activate ATR. Unexpectedly, atl-1 mutants confronted with mitochondrial ETC disruption maintain normal levels of oxygen consumption, and have an increased abundance of translating ribosomes. This suggests checkpoint signaling by ATL-1 normally dampens cytoplasmic translation. Taken together, our data suggest a model whereby ETC insufficiency in C. elegans results in nucleotide imbalances leading to the stalling of RNA polymerase, activation of ATL-1, dampening of global translation, and magnification of ETC dysfunction. The loss of ATL-1 effectively reverses the severity of ETC disruption so that animals become phenotypically closer to wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan B. Borror
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.B.B.); (M.G.); (A.K.); (M.K.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Milena Girotti
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.B.B.); (M.G.); (A.K.); (M.K.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Adwitiya Kar
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.B.B.); (M.G.); (A.K.); (M.K.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Meghan K. Cain
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.B.B.); (M.G.); (A.K.); (M.K.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Vivian L. MacKay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (V.L.M.); (B.K.K.)
| | - Brent Herron
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (B.H.); (T.E.J.)
| | - Shylesh Bhaskaran
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.B.B.); (M.G.); (A.K.); (M.K.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sandra Becerra
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.B.B.); (M.G.); (A.K.); (M.K.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Nathan Novy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Natascia Ventura
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 103045 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, 103045 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas E. Johnson
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (B.H.); (T.E.J.)
| | - Brian K. Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (V.L.M.); (B.K.K.)
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Shane L. Rea
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.B.B.); (M.G.); (A.K.); (M.K.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
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18
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Stoneley M, Harvey RF, Mulroney TE, Mordue R, Jukes-Jones R, Cain K, Lilley KS, Sawarkar R, Willis AE. Unresolved stalled ribosome complexes restrict cell-cycle progression after genotoxic stress. Mol Cell 2022; 82:1557-1572.e7. [PMID: 35180429 PMCID: PMC9098122 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During the translation surveillance mechanism known as ribosome-associated quality control, the ASC-1 complex (ASCC) disassembles ribosomes stalled on the mRNA. Here, we show that there are two distinct classes of stalled ribosome. Ribosomes stalled by translation elongation inhibitors or methylated mRNA are short lived in human cells because they are split by the ASCC. In contrast, although ultraviolet light and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide induce ribosome stalling by damaging mRNA, and the ASCC is recruited to these stalled ribosomes, we found that they are refractory to the ASCC. Consequently, unresolved UV- and 4NQO-stalled ribosomes persist in human cells. We show that ribosome stalling activates cell-cycle arrest, partly through ZAK-p38MAPK signaling, and that this cell-cycle delay is prolonged when the ASCC cannot resolve stalled ribosomes. Thus, we propose that the sensitivity of stalled ribosomes to the ASCC influences the kinetics of stall resolution, which in turn controls the adaptive stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Stoneley
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
| | - Robert F Harvey
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Thomas E Mulroney
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Ryan Mordue
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Rebekah Jukes-Jones
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Kelvin Cain
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Kathryn S Lilley
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Ritwick Sawarkar
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Anne E Willis
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
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19
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Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activated protein kinases (MAPKAPKs) are defined by their exclusive activation by MAPKs. They can be activated by classical and atypical MAPKs that have been stimulated by mitogens and various stresses. Genetic deletions of MAPKAPKs and availability of highly specific small-molecule inhibitors have continuously increased our functional understanding of these kinases. MAPKAPKs cooperate in the regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription; RNA processing, export, and stability; and protein synthesis. The diversity of stimuli for MAPK activation, the cross talk between the different MAPKs and MAPKAPKs, and the specific substrate pattern of MAPKAPKs orchestrate immediate-early and inflammatory responses in space and time and ensure proper control of cell growth, differentiation, and cell behavior. Hence, MAPKAPKs are promising targets for cancer therapy and treatments for conditions of acute and chronic inflammation, such as cytokine storms and rheumatoid arthritis. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biochemistry, Volume 91 is June 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ronkina
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany;
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany;
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20
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The metabolic stress-activated checkpoint LKB1-MARK3 axis acts as a tumor suppressor in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Commun Biol 2022; 5:39. [PMID: 35017636 PMCID: PMC8752757 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most aggressive gynecological malignancy, resulting in approximately 70% of ovarian cancer deaths. However, it is still unclear how genetic dysregulations and biological processes generate the malignant subtype of HGSOC. Here we show that expression levels of microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 3 (MARK3) are downregulated in HGSOC, and that its downregulation significantly correlates with poor prognosis in HGSOC patients. MARK3 overexpression suppresses cell proliferation and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer cells. The LKB1-MARK3 axis is activated by metabolic stress, which leads to the phosphorylation of CDC25B and CDC25C, followed by induction of G2/M phase arrest. RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analyses indicate that MARK3 attenuates cell cycle progression and angiogenesis partly through downregulation of AP-1 and Hippo signaling target genes. The synthetic lethal therapy using metabolic stress inducers may be a promising therapeutic choice to treat the LKB1-MARK3 axis-dysregulated HGSOCs. Machino et al discover that low expression of microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 3 (MARK3) correlates with poor prognosis in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) patients. They find that the LKB1-MARK3 axis is activated by metabolic stress to block the cell cycle at the G2/M checkpoint, and characterise other MARK3 regulated pathways through RNA and ATAC sequencing.
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21
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Zhang Y, Ding H, Wang X, Wang X, Wan S, Xu A, Gan R, Ye SD. MK2 promotes Tfcp2l1 degradation via β-TrCP ubiquitin ligase to regulate mouse embryonic stem cell self-renewal. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109949. [PMID: 34731635 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tfcp2l1 can maintain mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) self-renewal. However, it remains unknown how Tfcp2l1 protein stability is regulated. Here, we demonstrate that β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) targets Tfcp2l1 for ubiquitination and degradation in a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2)-dependent manner. Specifically, β-TrCP1 and β-TrCP2 recognize and ubiquitylate Tfcp2l1 through the canonical β-TrCP-binding motif DSGDNS, in which the serine residues have been phosphorylated by MK2. Point mutation of serine-to-alanine residues reduces β-TrCP-mediated ubiquitylation and enhances the ability of Tfcp2l1 to promote mESC self-renewal while repressing the speciation of the endoderm, mesoderm, and trophectoderm. Similarly, inhibition of MK2 reduces the association of Tfcp2l1 with β-TrCP1 and increases the self-renewal-promoting effects of Tfcp2l1, whereas overexpression of MK2 or β-TrCP genes decreases Tfcp2l1 protein levels and induces mESC differentiation. Collectively, our study reveals a posttranslational modification of Tfcp2l1 that will expand our understanding of the regulatory network of stem cell pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Huiwen Ding
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Shengpeng Wan
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Anchun Xu
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Ruoyi Gan
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Shou-Dong Ye
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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22
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Stress Relief Techniques: p38 MAPK Determines the Balance of Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Pathways. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101444. [PMID: 34680077 PMCID: PMC8533283 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein signaling networks are formed from diverse and inter-connected cell signaling pathways converging into webs of function and regulation. These signaling pathways both receive and conduct molecular messages, often by a series of post-translation modifications such as phosphorylation or through protein-protein interactions via intrinsic motifs. The mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are components of kinase cascades that transmit signals through phosphorylation. There are several MAPK subfamilies, and one subfamily is the stress-activated protein kinases, which in mammals is the p38 family. The p38 enzymes mediate a variety of cellular outcomes including DNA repair, cell survival/cell fate decisions, and cell cycle arrest. The cell cycle is itself a signaling system that precisely controls DNA replication, chromosome segregation, and cellular division. Another indispensable cell function influenced by the p38 stress response is programmed cell death (apoptosis). As the regulators of cell survival, the BCL2 family of proteins and their dynamics are exquisitely sensitive to cell stress. The BCL2 family forms a protein-protein interaction network divided into anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic members, and the balance of binding between these two sides determines cell survival. Here, we discuss the intersections among the p38 MAPK, cell cycle, and apoptosis signaling pathways.
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23
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Morgan D, Berggren KL, Spiess CD, Smith HM, Tejwani A, Weir SJ, Lominska CE, Thomas SM, Gan GN. Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 (MK2) and its role in cell survival, inflammatory signaling, and migration in promoting cancer. Mol Carcinog 2021; 61:173-199. [PMID: 34559922 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and the immune system share an intimate relationship. Chronic inflammation increases the risk of cancer occurrence and can also drive inflammatory mediators into the tumor microenvironment enhancing tumor growth and survival. The p38 MAPK pathway is activated both acutely and chronically by stress, inflammatory chemokines, chronic inflammatory conditions, and cancer. These properties have led to extensive efforts to find effective drugs targeting p38, which have been unsuccessful. The immediate downstream serine/threonine kinase and substrate of p38 MAPK, mitogen-activated-protein-kinase-activated-protein-kinase-2 (MK2) protects cells against stressors by regulating the DNA damage response, transcription, protein and messenger RNA stability, and motility. The phosphorylation of downstream substrates by MK2 increases inflammatory cytokine production, drives an immune response, and contributes to wound healing. By binding directly to p38 MAPK, MK2 is responsible for the export of p38 MAPK from the nucleus which gives MK2 properties that make it unique among the large number of p38 MAPK substrates. Many of the substrates of both p38 MAPK and MK2 are separated between the cytosol and nucleus and interfering with MK2 and altering this intracellular translocation has implications for the actions of both p38 MAPK and MK2. The inhibition of MK2 has shown promise in combination with both chemotherapy and radiotherapy as a method for controlling cancer growth and metastasis in a variety of cancers. Whereas the current data are encouraging the field requires the development of selective and well tolerated drugs to target MK2 and a better understanding of its effects for effective clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deri Morgan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Kiersten L Berggren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Section of Radiation Oncology, UNM School of Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Colby D Spiess
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Hannah M Smith
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Ajay Tejwani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Scott J Weir
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Christopher E Lominska
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Sufi M Thomas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Gregory N Gan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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24
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Al‐Qahtani QH, Moghrabi WN, Al‐Yahya S, Al‐Haj L, Al‐Saif M, Mahmoud L, Al‐Mohanna F, Al‐Souhibani N, Alaiya A, Hitti E, Khabar KSA. Kinome inhibition reveals a role for polo-like kinase 1 in targeting post-transcriptional control in cancer. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2120-2139. [PMID: 33411958 PMCID: PMC8334256 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions in post-transcriptional control are observed in cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases. Here, we employed a kinome inhibitor library (n = 378) in a reporter system selective for 3'-untranslated region-AU-rich elements (ARE). Fifteen inhibitors reduced the ARE-reporter activity; among the targets is the polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). RNA-seq experiments demonstrated that the PLK1 inhibitor, volasertib, reduces the expression of cytokine and cell growth ARE mRNAs. PLK1 inhibition caused accelerated mRNA decay in cancer cells and was associated with reduced phosphorylation and stability of the mRNA decay-promoting protein, tristetraprolin (ZFP36/TTP). Ectopic expression of PLK1 increased abundance and stability of high molecular weight of ZFP36/TTP likely of the phosphorylated form. PLK1 effect was associated with the MAPK-MK2 pathway, a major regulator of ARE-mRNA stability, as evident from MK2 inhibition, in vitro phosphorylation, and knockout experiments. Mutational analysis demonstrates that TTP serine 186 is a target for PLK1 effect. Treatment of mice with the PLK1 inhibitor reduced both ZFP36/TTP phosphorylation in xenograft tumor tissues, and the tumor size. In cancer patients' tissues, PLK1/ARE-regulated gene cluster was overexpressed in solid tumors and associated with poor survival. The data showed that PLK1-mediated post-transcriptional aberration could be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamraa H. Al‐Qahtani
- Molecular BioMedicine ProgramFaisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhKingSaudi Arabia
- Present address:
Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11495Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid N. Moghrabi
- Molecular BioMedicine ProgramFaisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhKingSaudi Arabia
| | - Suhad Al‐Yahya
- Molecular BioMedicine ProgramFaisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhKingSaudi Arabia
| | - Latifa Al‐Haj
- Molecular BioMedicine ProgramFaisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhKingSaudi Arabia
| | - Maher Al‐Saif
- Molecular BioMedicine ProgramFaisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhKingSaudi Arabia
| | - Linah Mahmoud
- Molecular BioMedicine ProgramFaisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhKingSaudi Arabia
| | - Falah Al‐Mohanna
- Department of Comparative MedicineKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Norah Al‐Souhibani
- Molecular BioMedicine ProgramFaisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhKingSaudi Arabia
| | - Ayodele Alaiya
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering ProgramFaisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhKingSaudi Arabia
| | - Edward Hitti
- Molecular BioMedicine ProgramFaisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhKingSaudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S. A. Khabar
- Molecular BioMedicine ProgramFaisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhKingSaudi Arabia
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25
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MK2 degradation as a sensor of signal intensity that controls stress-induced cell fate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2024562118. [PMID: 34272277 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024562118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell survival in response to stress is determined by the coordination of various signaling pathways. The kinase p38α is activated by many stresses, but the intensity and duration of the signal depends on the stimuli. How different p38α-activation dynamics may impact cell life/death decisions is unclear. Here, we show that the p38α-signaling output in response to stress is modulated by the expression levels of the downstream kinase MK2. We demonstrate that p38α forms a complex with MK2 in nonstimulated mammalian cells. Upon pathway activation, p38α phosphorylates MK2, the complex dissociates, and MK2 is degraded. Interestingly, transient p38α activation allows MK2 reexpression, reassembly of the p38α-MK2 complex, and cell survival. In contrast, sustained p38α activation induced by severe stress interferes with p38α-MK2 interaction, resulting in irreversible MK2 loss and cell death. MK2 degradation is mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2, and we identify four lysine residues in MK2 that are directly ubiquitinated by MDM2. Expression of an MK2 mutant that cannot be ubiquitinated by MDM2 enhances the survival of stressed cells. Our results indicate that MK2 reexpression and binding to p38α is critical for cell viability in response to stress and illustrate how particular p38α-activation patterns induced by different signals shape the stress-induced cell fate.
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26
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Chen H, Padia R, Li T, Li Y, Li B, Jin L, Huang S. Signaling of MK2 sustains robust AP1 activity for triple negative breast cancer tumorigenesis through direct phosphorylation of JAB1. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:91. [PMID: 34244488 PMCID: PMC8270897 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells are generally more invasive than estrogen receptor-positive (ER + ) breast cancer cells. Consistent with the importance of activator protein 1 (AP1) transcription factors in invasion, AP1 activity is much higher in TNBC lines than ER + lines. In TNBC cells, robust AP1 activity is facilitated by both ERK and p38MAPK signaling pathways. While ERK signaling pathway regulates AP1 activity by controlling the abundance of AP1 transcription factors, p38MAPK signaling pathway does it by enhancing AP1 binding to AP1 sites without altering their abundance. Here, we show that p38MAPK regulation of AP1 activity involves both MAPKAPK2 (MK2) and JAB1, a known JUN-binding protein. MK2 not only interacts with JAB1 but also directly phosphorylates JAB1 at Ser177 in TNBC cells. Interestingly, Ser177 phosphorylation does not affect JAB1 and JUN interaction. Instead, interfering with p38MAPK signaling pathway or introducing an S to A point mutation at Ser177 of JAB1 reduces JUN recruitment to the AP1 sites in cyclin D1, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPA receptor promoters. Moreover, knockdown of JAB1 diminishes >60% of AP1 transcriptional activity in TNBC cells. Taken together, these results indicate that MK2-mediated phosphorylation of JAB1 facilitates JUN recruitment to AP1 sites, thus augmenting AP1 activity. In line with the role of JAB1 in AP1 activity, silencing JAB1 leads to dramatic reduction in TNBC cell growth, in vitro invasion and in vivo tumor outgrowth. This study suggests that the p38MAPK-MK2 signaling pathway promotes TNBC tumorigenesis by sustaining robust AP1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, College of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ravi Padia
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Tao Li
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Yue Li
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Bin Li
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Lingtao Jin
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Shuang Huang
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL USA
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27
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Storchova R, Burdova K, Palek M, Medema RH, Macurek L. A novel assay for screening WIP1 phosphatase substrates in nuclear extracts. FEBS J 2021; 288:6035-6051. [PMID: 33982878 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Upon exposure to genotoxic stress, cells activate DNA damage response (DDR) that coordinates DNA repair with a temporal arrest in the cell cycle progression. DDR is triggered by activation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated/ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein kinases that phosphorylate multiple targets including tumor suppressor protein tumor suppressor p53 (p53). In addition, DNA damage can activate parallel stress response pathways [such as mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 alpha (p38)/MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) kinases] contributing to establishing the cell cycle arrest. Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (WIP1) controls timely inactivation of DDR and is needed for recovery from the G2 checkpoint by counteracting the function of p53. Here, we developed a simple in vitro assay for testing WIP1 substrates in nuclear extracts. Whereas we did not detect any activity of WIP1 toward p38/MK2, we confirmed p53 as a substrate of WIP1. Inhibition or inactivation of WIP1 in U2OS cells increased phosphorylation of p53 at S15 and potentiated its acetylation at K382. Further, we identified Deleted in breast cancer gene 1 (DBC1) as a new substrate of WIP1 but surprisingly, depletion of DBC1 did not interfere with the ability of WIP1 to regulate p53 acetylation. Instead, we have found that WIP1 activity suppresses p53-K382 acetylation by inhibiting the interaction between p53 and the acetyltransferase p300. Newly established phosphatase assay allows an easy comparison of WIP1 ability to dephosphorylate various proteins and thus contributes to identification of its physiological substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Storchova
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Burdova
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matous Palek
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - René H Medema
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Libor Macurek
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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28
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Barnaba N, LaRocque JR. Targeting cell cycle regulation via the G2-M checkpoint for synthetic lethality in melanoma. CELL CYCLE (GEORGETOWN, TEX.) 2021; 20:1041-1051. [PMID: 33966611 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1922806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of cell cycle checkpoints has been well established as a hallmark of cancer. In particular, the G1-S transition mediated by the cyclin D-cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) pathway is dysregulated in more than 90% of melanoma cases. Therefore, tumor cells mainly rely on the G2-M checkpoint to halt the cell cycle in order to repair DNA damage. Here, we review the promising method of cell cycle-mediated synthetic lethality for melanoma treatment, which entails exploiting somatically acquired mutations in the G1-S transition with inhibitors of the G2-M transition in order to specifically kill melanoma cells. The idea stems from the theory that melanoma cells lacking G1-S checkpoints are particularly vulnerable to mitotic catastrophe when presented with G2-M checkpoint inhibition in addition to DNA damage, whereas normal cells with intact G1-S checkpoints should theoretically be spared. This review explores the link between cell cycle dysregulation and synthetic lethality in melanoma cells and discusses potential future applications for this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Barnaba
- Biology Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Georgetown University School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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29
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Lockhead S, Moskaleva A, Kamenz J, Chen Y, Kang M, Reddy AR, Santos SDM, Ferrell JE. The Apparent Requirement for Protein Synthesis during G2 Phase Is due to Checkpoint Activation. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107901. [PMID: 32668239 PMCID: PMC7802425 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis inhibitors (e.g., cycloheximide) block mitotic entry, suggesting that cell cycle progression requires protein synthesis until right before mitosis. However, cycloheximide is also known to activate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which can delay mitotic entry through a G2/M checkpoint. Here, we ask whether checkpoint activation or a requirement for protein synthesis is responsible for the cycloheximide effect. We find that p38 inhibitors prevent cycloheximide-treated cells from arresting in G2 phase and that G2 duration is normal in approximately half of these cells. The Wee1 inhibitor MK-1775 and Wee1/Myt1 inhibitor PD0166285 also prevent cycloheximide from blocking mitotic entry, raising the possibility that Wee1 and/or Myt1 mediate the cycloheximide-induced G2 arrest. Thus, protein synthesis during G2 phase is not required for mitotic entry, at least when the p38 checkpoint pathway is abrogated. However, M phase progression is delayed in cycloheximide-plus-kinase-inhibitor-treated cells, emphasizing the different requirements of protein synthesis for timely entry and completion of mitosis. Protein synthesis inhibitors have long been known to prevent G2 phase cells from entering mitosis. Lockhead et al. demonstrate that this G2 arrest is due to the activation of p38 MAPK, not insufficient protein synthesis, arguing that protein synthesis in G2 phase is not absolutely required for mitotic entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lockhead
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA
| | - Alisa Moskaleva
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA
| | - Julia Kamenz
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA.
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA
| | - Minjung Kang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA
| | - Anay R Reddy
- Department of Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Silvia D M Santos
- Quantitative Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - James E Ferrell
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA.
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Combined Inactivation of Pocket Proteins and APC/C Cdh1 by Cdk4/6 Controls Recovery from DNA Damage in G1 Phase. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030550. [PMID: 33806417 PMCID: PMC7999910 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are redundant for normal cell division. Here we tested whether these redundancies are maintained during cell cycle recovery after a DNA damage-induced arrest in G1. Using non-transformed RPE-1 cells, we find that while Cdk4 and Cdk6 act redundantly during normal S-phase entry, they both become essential for S-phase entry after DNA damage in G1. We show that this is due to a greater overall dependency for Cdk4/6 activity, rather than to independent functions of either kinase. In addition, we show that inactivation of pocket proteins is sufficient to overcome the inhibitory effects of complete Cdk4/6 inhibition in otherwise unperturbed cells, but that this cannot revert the effects of Cdk4/6 inhibition in DNA damaged cultures. Indeed, we could confirm that, in addition to inactivation of pocket proteins, Cdh1-dependent anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/CCdh1) activity needs to be inhibited to promote S-phase entry in damaged cultures. Collectively, our data indicate that DNA damage in G1 creates a unique situation where high levels of Cdk4/6 activity are required to inactivate pocket proteins and APC/CCdh1 to promote the transition from G1 to S phase.
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Molica M, Mazzone C, Niscola P, de Fabritiis P. TP53 Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Still a Daunting Challenge? Front Oncol 2021; 10:610820. [PMID: 33628731 PMCID: PMC7897660 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.610820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 is a key tumor suppressor gene with protean functions associated with preservation of genomic balance, including regulation of cellular senescence, apoptotic pathways, metabolism functions, and DNA repair. The vast majority of de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) present unaltered TP53 alleles. However, TP53 mutations are frequently detected in AML related to an increased genomic instability, such as therapy‐related (t-AML) or AML with myelodysplasia-related changes. Of note, TP53 mutations are associated with complex cytogenetic abnormalities, advanced age, chemoresistance, and poor outcomes. Recent breakthroughs in AML research and the development of targeted drugs directed at specific mutations have led to an explosion of novel treatments with different mechanisms. However, optimal treatment strategy for patients harboring TP53 mutations remains a critical area of unmet need. In this review, we focus on the incidence and clinical significance of TP53 mutations in de novo and t-AML. The influence of these alterations on response and clinical outcomes as well as the current and future therapeutic perspectives for this hardly treatable setting are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Molica
- Haematology Unit, S. Eugenio Hospital, ASL Roma 2, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Mazzone
- Haematology Unit, S. Eugenio Hospital, ASL Roma 2, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paolo de Fabritiis
- Haematology Unit, S. Eugenio Hospital, ASL Roma 2, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedicina and Prevenzione, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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32
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Engin A. Protein Kinase-Mediated Decision Between the Life and Death. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1275:1-33. [PMID: 33539010 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49844-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases are intracellular signaling enzymes that catalyze the phosphorylation of specific residues in their target substrate proteins. They play important role for regulation of life and death decisions. The complexity of the relationship between death receptors and protein kinases' cell death decision-making mechanisms create many difficulties in the treatment of various diseases. The most of fifteen different cell death pathways, which are reported by Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) are protein kinase signal transduction-mediated negative or positive selections. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) as a main player of death pathways is a dual-functioning molecule in that it can promote both cell survival or cell death. All apoptotic and necrotic signal transductions are conveyed through death domain-containing death receptors, which are expressed on the surface of nearly all human cells. In humans, eight members of the death receptor family have been identified. While the interaction of TNF with TNF Receptor 1 (TNFR1) activates various signal transduction pathways, different death receptors activate three main signal transduction pathways: nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ĸB)-mediated differentiation or pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated stress response and caspase-mediated apoptosis. The link between the NF-ĸB and the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways comprise another check-point to regulate cell death. TNF-α also promotes the "receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1" (RIPK1)/RIPK3/ mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL)-dependent necrosis. Thus, necrosome is mainly comprised of MLKL, RIPK3 and, in some cases, RIPK1. In fact, RIPK1 is at the crossroad between life and death, downstream of various receptors as a regulator of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced death. TNFR1 signaling complex (TNF-RSC), which contains multiple kinase activities, promotes phosphorylation of transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), inhibitor of nuclear transcription factor κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) α/IKKβ, IκBα, and NF-κB. IKKs affect cell-survival pathways in NF-κB-independent manner. Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation triggers various signaling pathways dependent on myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88), Interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R)-associated kinase (IRAK1), IRAK2 and IRAK4, lead to post-translational activation of nucleotide and oligomerization domain (NLRP3). Thereby, cell fate decisions following TLR signaling is parallel with death receptor signaling. Inhibition of IKKα/IKKβ or its upstream activators sensitize cells to death by inducing RIPK1-dependent apoptosis or necroptosis. During apoptosis, several kinases of the NF-κB pathway, including IKK1 and NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO), are cleaved by cellular caspases. This event can terminate the NF-κB-derived survival signals. In both canonical and non-canonical pathways, IKK is key to NF-κB activation. Whereas, the activation process of IKK, the functions of NEMO ubiquitination, IKK-related non-canonical pathway and the nuclear transportation of NEMO and functions of IKKα are still debated in cell death. In addition, cluster of differentiation 95 (CD95)-mediated non-apoptotic signaling and CD95- death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) interactions are waiting for clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
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33
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Song J, Yu J, Jeong LS, Lee SK. A Novel cytarabine analog evokes synthetic lethality by targeting MK2 in p53-deficient cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 497:54-65. [PMID: 33075425 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most nucleoside anticancer drugs show a primary resistance to p53-deficient or p53-mutated cancer cells and are limited in the clinic to the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, 2'-fluoro-4'-seleno-ara-C (F-Se-Ara-C), a new generation of cytarabine (Ara-C) analogs, exhibited potent antitumor activity against the p53-deficient prostate cancer cell line PC-3. The distinct activity of F-Se-Ara-C was achieved by targeting the synthetic lethal interaction between p53 and mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 (MK2). MK2 is a checkpoint effector for DNA damage responses to drive cell cycle arrest and DNA repair in p53-deficient cancer cells. Therefore, targeting MK2 may be an effective therapeutic strategy that induces apoptosis for cancers deficient in p53. F-Se-Ara-C effectively induced anti-prostate cancer activity in vitro and in vivo by inhibition of MK2 activation in p53-deficient prostate cancer cells. Moreover, combining F-Se-Ara-C with cabozantinib, an anticancer drug currently in clinical use, induced synergistic antitumor activity in p53-deficient prostate cancer cells. Taken together, these data show that F-Se-Ara-C may become great anticancer drug candidate with its unique mechanism of action for overcoming the apoptotic resistance of p53-deficient cells by targeting the synthetic lethal interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoung Song
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinha Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Nuclear P38: Roles in Physiological and Pathological Processes and Regulation of Nuclear Translocation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176102. [PMID: 32847129 PMCID: PMC7504396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK, termed here p38) cascade is a central signaling pathway that transmits stress and other signals to various intracellular targets in the cytoplasm and nucleus. More than 150 substrates of p38α/β have been identified, and this number is likely to increase. The phosphorylation of these substrates initiates or regulates a large number of cellular processes including transcription, translation, RNA processing and cell cycle progression, as well as degradation and the nuclear translocation of various proteins. Being such a central signaling cascade, its dysregulation is associated with many pathologies, particularly inflammation and cancer. One of the hallmarks of p38α/β signaling is its stimulated nuclear translocation, which occurs shortly after extracellular stimulation. Although p38α/β do not contain nuclear localization or nuclear export signals, they rapidly and robustly translocate to the nucleus, and they are exported back to the cytoplasm within minutes to hours. Here, we describe the physiological and pathological roles of p38α/β phosphorylation, concentrating mainly on the ill-reviewed regulation of p38α/β substrate degradation and nuclear translocation. In addition, we provide information on the p38α/β ’s substrates, concentrating mainly on the nuclear targets and their role in p38α/β functions. Finally, we also provide information on the mechanisms of nuclear p38α/β translocation and its use as a therapeutic target for p38α/β-dependent diseases.
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35
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Enhancing chemotherapy response through augmented synthetic lethality by co-targeting nucleotide excision repair and cell-cycle checkpoints. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4124. [PMID: 32807787 PMCID: PMC7431578 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to DNA damage, a synthetic lethal relationship exists between the cell cycle checkpoint kinase MK2 and the tumor suppressor p53. Here, we describe the concept of augmented synthetic lethality (ASL): depletion of a third gene product enhances a pre-existing synthetic lethal combination. We show that loss of the DNA repair protein XPA markedly augments the synthetic lethality between MK2 and p53, enhancing anti-tumor responses alone and in combination with cisplatin chemotherapy. Delivery of siRNA-peptide nanoplexes co-targeting MK2 and XPA to pre-existing p53-deficient tumors in a highly aggressive, immunocompetent mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma improves long-term survival and cisplatin response beyond those of the synthetic lethal p53 mutant/MK2 combination alone. These findings establish a mechanism for co-targeting DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints in combination with repair of cisplatin-DNA lesions in vivo using RNAi nanocarriers, and motivate further exploration of ASL as a generalized strategy to improve cancer treatment.
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36
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Jiménez J, Queralt E, Posas F, de Nadal E. The regulation of Net1/Cdc14 by the Hog1 MAPK upon osmostress unravels a new mechanism regulating mitosis. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2105-2118. [PMID: 32794416 PMCID: PMC7513861 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1804222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During evolution, cells have developed a plethora of mechanisms to optimize survival in a changing and unpredictable environment. In this regard, they have evolved networks that include environmental sensors, signaling transduction molecules and response mechanisms. Hog1 (yeast) and p38 (mammals) stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) are activated upon stress and they drive a full collection of cell adaptive responses aimed to maximize survival. SAPKs are extensively used to learn about the mechanisms through which cells adapt to changing environments. In addition to regulating gene expression and metabolism, SAPKs control cell cycle progression. In this review, we will discuss the latest findings related to the SAPK-driven regulation of mitosis upon osmostress in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Jiménez
- Departament De Ciències Experimentals I De La Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Ciències Bàsiques, Facultat De Medicina I Ciències De La Salut, Universitat Internacional De Catalunya , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ethel Queralt
- Cell Cycle Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdica De Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet De Llobregat , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Posas
- Departament De Ciències Experimentals I De La Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eulàlia de Nadal
- Departament De Ciències Experimentals I De La Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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37
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Yan YB. Diverse functions of deadenylases in DNA damage response and genomic integrity. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2020; 12:e1621. [PMID: 32790161 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) is a coordinated network of diverse cellular processes including the detection, signaling, and repair of DNA lesions, the adjustment of metabolic network and cell fate determination. To deal with the unavoidable DNA damage caused by either endogenous or exogenous stresses, the cells need to reshape the gene expression profile to allow efficient transcription and translation of DDR-responsive messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and to repress the nonessential mRNAs. A predominant method to adjust RNA fate is achieved by modulating the 3'-end oligo(A) or poly(A) length via the opposing actions of polyadenylation and deadenylation. Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) and the carbon catabolite repressor 4 (CCR4)-Not complex, the major executors of deadenylation, are indispensable to DDR and genomic integrity in eukaryotic cells. PARN modulates cell cycle progression by regulating the stabilities of mRNAs and microRNA (miRNAs) involved in the p53 pathway and contributes to genomic stability by affecting the biogenesis of noncoding RNAs including miRNAs and telomeric RNA. The CCR4-Not complex is involved in diverse pathways of DDR including transcriptional regulation, signaling pathways, mRNA stabilities, translation regulation, and protein degradation. The RNA targets of deadenylases are tuned by the DDR signaling pathways, while in turn the deadenylases can regulate the levels of DNA damage-responsive proteins. The mutual feedback between deadenylases and the DDR signaling pathways allows the cells to precisely control DDR by dynamically adjusting the levels of sensors and effectors of the DDR signaling pathways. Here, the diverse functions of deadenylases in DDR are summarized and the underlying mechanisms are proposed according to recent findings. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > 3' End Processing RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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38
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Shrestha A, Bruckmueller H, Kildalsen H, Kaur G, Gaestel M, Wetting HL, Mikkola I, Seternes OM. Phosphorylation of steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3) at serine 857 is regulated by the p38 MAPK-MK2 axis and affects NF-κB-mediated transcription. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11388. [PMID: 32647362 PMCID: PMC7347898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3) regulates the activity of both nuclear hormone receptors and a number of key transcription factors. It is implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation, inflammation and in the progression of several common cancers including breast, colorectal and lung tumors. Phosphorylation is an important regulatory event controlling the activities of SRC-3. Serine 857 is the most studied phospho-acceptor site, and its modification has been reported to be important for SRC-3-dependent tumor progression. In this study, we show that the stress-responsive p38MAPK-MK2 signaling pathway controls the phosphorylation of SRC-3 at S857 in a wide range of human cancer cells. Activation of the p38MAPK-MK2 pathway results in the nuclear translocation of SRC-3, where it contributes to the transactivation of NF-kB and thus regulation of IL-6 transcription. The identification of the p38MAPK-MK2 signaling axis as a key regulator of SRC-3 phosphorylation and activity opens up new possibilities for the development and testing of novel therapeutic strategies to control both proliferative and metastatic tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Henrike Bruckmueller
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hanne Kildalsen
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gurjit Kaur
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Center of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hilde Ljones Wetting
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ingvild Mikkola
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole-Morten Seternes
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
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39
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Xiao C, Xu C, He N, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang M, Ji K, Du L, Wang J, Wang Q, Liu Q. Atractylenolide II prevents radiation damage via MAPKp38/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:114007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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40
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Pei XD, He SQ, Shen LQ, Wei JC, Li XS, Wei YY, Zhang YM, Wang XY, Lin F, He ZL, Jiang LH. 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone inhibits HepG2 cell proliferation and migration through p38MAPK pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1165-1175. [PMID: 32419149 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Simaroubaceae) is commonly distributed in the Southeast Asia and Indo China, which has been shown to possess antianxiety, antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial and antioxidant biological activities. 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone is a diterpene isolated from E. longifolia Jack, which is cytotoxic against human lung cancer and human breast cancer cell lines. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone on hepatocellular carcinoma remain unknown. METHODS Cell viability assay and colony formation assay were used to measure HepG2 cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to analyse cell cycle and apoptosis. Wound-healing assay and transwell assay were used to observe cells migration. RNA sequencing and the enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were used to find and determine underlying pathways. KEY FINDINGS We found that 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone inhibited the growth and migration of HepG2 cells but did not induce cell apoptosis. 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone induced S cell cycle arrest by downregulating the expression levels of cyclin A, p-CDK2, cyclin B1, p21, E2F-1 and PCNA. In addition, RNA sequencing showed that 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone regulated MAPK pathway by increasing the expression levels of phosphor-p38. Downregulating of p38 via both p38 inhibitor (SB203580) and p38-siRNA could antagonize the inhibition of cell proliferation and migration and reverse the changes in p-p38, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and PCNA expression induced by 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone treatment. CONCLUSIONS 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone inhibited cell proliferation and migration through regulating p38 MAPK pathway in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Pei
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Song-Qing He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li-Qun Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Jing-Chen Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xue-Sheng Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yan-Yan Wei
- Cultivation Base of Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yu-Meng Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Lin
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi-Long He
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Li-He Jiang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
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41
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The p38 Pathway: From Biology to Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061913. [PMID: 32168915 PMCID: PMC7139330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38 MAPK pathway is well known for its role in transducing stress signals from the environment. Many key players and regulatory mechanisms of this signaling cascade have been described to some extent. Nevertheless, p38 participates in a broad range of cellular activities, for many of which detailed molecular pictures are still lacking. Originally described as a tumor-suppressor kinase for its inhibitory role in RAS-dependent transformation, p38 can also function as a tumor promoter, as demonstrated by extensive experimental data. This finding has prompted the development of specific inhibitors that have been used in clinical trials to treat several human malignancies, although without much success to date. However, elucidating critical aspects of p38 biology, such as isoform-specific functions or its apparent dual nature during tumorigenesis, might open up new possibilities for therapy with unexpected potential. In this review, we provide an extensive description of the main biological functions of p38 and focus on recent studies that have addressed its role in cancer. Furthermore, we provide an updated overview of therapeutic strategies targeting p38 in cancer and promising alternatives currently being explored.
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Novikova GV, Stepanchenko NS, Zorina AA, Nosov AV, Rakitin VY, Moshkov IE, Los DA. Coupling of Cell Division and Differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana Cultured Cells with Interaction of Ethylene and ABA Signaling Pathways. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E15. [PMID: 32050697 PMCID: PMC7175341 DOI: 10.3390/life10020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate direct links between molecular cell cycle and cell differentiation machineries. Ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) are known to affect cell division and differentiation, but the mechanisms of such effects are poorly understood. As ethylene and ABA signaling routes may interact, we examined their involvement in cell division and differentiation in cell tissue cultures derived from several Arabidopsis thaliana plants: wild type (Col-0), and ethylene-insensitive mutants etr1-1, ctr1-1, and ein2-1. We designed an experimental setup to analyze the growth-related parameters and molecular mechanisms in proliferating cells upon short exposure to ABA. Here, we provide evidence for the ethylene-ABA signaling pathways' interaction in the regulation of cell division and differentiation as follows: (1) when the ethylene signal transduction pathway is functionally active (Col-0), the cells actively proliferate, and exogenous ABA performs its function as an inhibitor of DNA synthesis and division; (2) if the ethylene signal is not perceived (etr1-1), then, in addition to cell differentiation (tracheary elements formation), cell death can occur. The addition of exogenous ABA can rescue the cells via increasing proliferation; (3) if the ethylene signal is perceived, but not transduced (ein2-1), then cell differentiation takes place-the latter is enhanced by exogenous ABA while cell proliferation is reduced; (4) when the signal transduction pathway is constitutively active, the cells begin to exit the cell cycle and proceed to endo-reduplication (ctr1-1). In this case, the addition of exogenous ABA promotes reactivation of cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V. Novikova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russian
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dmitry A. Los
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russian
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43
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Liu L, Wang L, Li X, Tian P, Xu H, Li Z, Liu E. Effect of miR-21 on apoptosis in hepatoblastoma cell through activating ASPP2/p38 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 47:3729-3736. [PMID: 31535570 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1664561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying miR-21-associated apoptosis in HB. In this study, HB and adjacent tissues were collected from patients with HB. RT-PCR, FISH, western blot, apoptosis assay, migration, invasion and wound healing assays, caspase activity assay, luciferase reporter assays, and xenografts mouse model were used to determine the effects of miR-21 on HB cell apoptosis. The results revealed that miR-21 was up-regulated in both HB cell and tissue and was associated with progression of HB. MiR-21 inhibitor enhanced the apoptosis level in HB cells. MiR-21 inhibitor showed reduced abilities of migration and invasion. ASPP2 was a target gene of miR-21. Inhibition of ASPP2 increased abilities of migration and invasion in HB cells. Furthermore, miR-21 inhibitor caused increased activity p-38 signaling. In a xenografts mouse model, miR-21 inhibitor could significantly suppress tumor growth in nude mice along with enhanced expressions of ASPP2 and p38. Taken together, the results suggest that upregulation of miR-21 is related to HB progression and miR-21-associated apoptosis in HB is mediated through ASPP2/p38 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. This study provides novel insight into the effects of miR-21 on HB apoptosis and clue to develop new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- Department of Pathology, Linyi People's Hospital , Linyi , China
| | - Likun Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Linyi People's Hospital , Linyi , China
| | - Xidong Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Linyi People's Hospital , Linyi , China
| | - Ping Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Linyi People's Hospital , Linyi , China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Linyi People's Hospital , Linyi , China
| | - Zenglian Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Linyi People's Hospital , Linyi , China
| | - Enqin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Linyi People's Hospital , Linyi , China
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44
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Smolko CM, Janes KA. An ultrasensitive fiveplex activity assay for cellular kinases. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19409. [PMID: 31857650 PMCID: PMC6923413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are enzymes whose abundance, protein-protein interactions, and posttranslational modifications together determine net signaling activity in cells. Large-scale data on cellular kinase activity are limited, because existing assays are cumbersome, poorly sensitive, low throughput, and restricted to measuring one kinase at a time. Here, we surmount the conventional hurdles of activity measurement with a multiplexing approach that leverages the selectivity of individual kinase-substrate pairs. We demonstrate proof of concept by designing an assay that jointly measures activity of five pleiotropic signaling kinases: Akt, IκB kinase (IKK), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-extracellular regulated kinase kinase (MEK), and MAPK-activated protein kinase-2 (MK2). The assay operates in a 96-well format and specifically measures endogenous kinase activation with coefficients of variation less than 20%. Multiplex tracking of kinase-substrate pairs reduces input requirements by 25-fold, with ~75 µg of cellular extract sufficient for fiveplex activity profiling. We applied the assay to monitor kinase signaling during coxsackievirus B3 infection of two different host-cell types and identified multiple differences in pathway dynamics and coordination that warrant future study. Because the Akt–IKK–JNK–MEK–MK2 pathways regulate many important cellular functions, the fiveplex assay should find applications in inflammation, environmental-stress, and cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Smolko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Kevin A Janes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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45
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Heijink AM, Everts M, Honeywell ME, Richards R, Kok YP, de Vries EGE, Lee MJ, van Vugt MATM. Modeling of Cisplatin-Induced Signaling Dynamics in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Reveals Mediators of Sensitivity. Cell Rep 2019; 28:2345-2357.e5. [PMID: 31461651 PMCID: PMC6718811 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) display great diversity in cisplatin sensitivity that cannot be explained solely by cancer-associated DNA repair defects. Differential activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) to cisplatin has been proposed to underlie the observed differential sensitivity, but it has not been investigated systematically. Systems-level analysis-using quantitative time-resolved signaling data and phenotypic responses, in combination with mathematical modeling-identifies that the activation status of cell-cycle checkpoints determines cisplatin sensitivity in TNBC cell lines. Specifically, inactivation of the cell-cycle checkpoint regulator MK2 or G3BP2 sensitizes cisplatin-resistant TNBC cell lines to cisplatin. Dynamic signaling data of five cell cycle-related signals predicts cisplatin sensitivity of TNBC cell lines. We provide a time-resolved map of cisplatin-induced signaling that uncovers determinants of chemo-sensitivity, underscores the impact of cell-cycle checkpoints on cisplatin sensitivity, and offers starting points to optimize treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Margriet Heijink
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Everts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Megan E Honeywell
- Program in Systems Biology and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ryan Richards
- Program in Systems Biology and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yannick P Kok
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth G E de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael J Lee
- Program in Systems Biology and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Marcel A T M van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands.
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46
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Soni S, Anand P, Padwad YS. MAPKAPK2: the master regulator of RNA-binding proteins modulates transcript stability and tumor progression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:121. [PMID: 30850014 PMCID: PMC6408796 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) pathway has been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions including inflammation and metastasis. Post-transcriptional regulation of genes harboring adenine/uridine-rich elements (AREs) in their 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) is controlled by MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2 or MK2), a downstream substrate of the p38MAPK. In response to diverse extracellular stimuli, MK2 influences crucial signaling events, regulates inflammatory cytokines, transcript stability and critical cellular processes. Expression of genes involved in these vital cellular cascades is controlled by subtle interactions in underlying molecular networks and post-transcriptional gene regulation that determines transcript fate in association with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Several RBPs associate with the 3'-UTRs of the target transcripts and regulate their expression via modulation of transcript stability. Although MK2 regulates important cellular phenomenon, yet its biological significance in tumor progression has not been well elucidated till date. In this review, we have highlighted in detail the importance of MK2 as the master regulator of RBPs and its role in the regulation of transcript stability, tumor progression, as well as the possibility of use of MK2 as a therapeutic target in tumor management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Soni
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prince Anand
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yogendra S Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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47
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Combination of Proteasome and Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Overcomes the Impact of Gain-of-Function p53 Mutations. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:3810108. [PMID: 30647797 PMCID: PMC6311857 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3810108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the “guardian of the genome” TP53 predominate in solid tumors. In addition to loss of tumor suppressor activity, a specific subset of missense mutations confers additional oncogenic properties. These “gain-of-function” (GOF) mutations portend poor prognosis across cancer types regardless of treatment. Our objective in this study was to identify novel therapeutic opportunities to overcome the deleterious effects of GOF TP53 mutants. Using gynecologic cancer cell lines with known TP53 mutational status, we established that treatment with a proteasome inhibitor induced cell death in cells with two recurrent GOF TP53 mutations (R175H and R248Q), and addition of a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) enhanced this effect. By contrast, p53-null cancer cells were relatively resistant to the combination. Proteasome inhibition promoted apoptosis of cells with TP53 GOF mutations, potentially through induction of the unfolded protein response. In line with the reported hyperstabilization of GOF p53 protein, cells treated with HDACi exhibited reduced levels of p53 protein. Together, these data form the basis for future clinical studies examining therapeutic efficacy in a preselected patient population with GOF TP53 mutations.
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48
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Kohama Y, Saito M, Yada M, Sakurai H. Regulation of the stability and activity of CDC25A and CDC25B by protein phosphatase PP2A and 14-3-3 binding. Cell Signal 2018; 54:10-16. [PMID: 30468767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-activating phosphatases, CDC25A and CDC25B, are labile proteins, and their levels vary in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Immediate-early response IER5 protein negatively regulates the cellular CDC25B levels, and stress-induced IER5 expression potentiates G2/M arrest. IER5 binds to protein phosphatase PP2A and regulates the PP2A substrate specificity. We show that IER5 binds to CDC25B and assists PP2A to convert CDC25B to hypophosphorylated forms. Hypophosphorylation at Ser323 results in the dissociation of CDC25B from 14-3-3 phospho-binding proteins. In IER5 expressing cells, CDC25B dissociated from 14-3-3 is unstable but slightly activated, because 14-3-3 inhibits CDC25B polyubiquitination and CDC25B binding to CDK1. The 14-3-3 binding to CDC25A also impedes CDC25A degradation and CDC25A-CDK2 interaction. We propose that 14-3-3 is an important regulator of CDC25A and CDC25B and that PP2A/IER5 controls the stability and activity of CDC25B through regulating the interaction of CDC25B and 14-3-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kohama
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Megumi Saito
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Mizue Yada
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakurai
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan.
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49
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Fan Y, Sanyal S, Bruzzone R. Breaking Bad: How Viruses Subvert the Cell Cycle. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:396. [PMID: 30510918 PMCID: PMC6252338 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the host and viruses during the course of their co-evolution have not only shaped cellular function and the immune system, but also the counter measures employed by viruses. Relatively small genomes and high replication rates allow viruses to accumulate mutations and continuously present the host with new challenges. It is therefore, no surprise that they either escape detection or modulate host physiology, often by redirecting normal cellular pathways to their own advantage. Viruses utilize a diverse array of strategies and molecular targets to subvert host cellular processes, while evading detection. These include cell-cycle regulation, major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen presentation, intracellular protein transport, apoptosis, cytokine-mediated signaling, and humoral immune responses. Moreover, viruses routinely manipulate the host cell cycle to create a favorable environment for replication, largely by deregulating cell cycle checkpoints. This review focuses on our current understanding of the molecular aspects of cell cycle regulation that are often targeted by viruses. Further study of their interactions should provide fundamental insights into cell cycle regulation and improve our ability to exploit these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fan
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sumana Sanyal
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Roberto Bruzzone
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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50
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Tang Y, Zhang Y, Wang C, Sun Z, Li L, Dong J, Zhou W. 14-3-3ζ binds to hepatitis B virus protein X and maintains its protein stability in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5543-5553. [PMID: 30358169 PMCID: PMC6247021 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
14‐3‐3ζ, a phosphopeptide‐binding molecule, is reportedly overexpressed in the cancerous tissues of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) protein X (HBx) draws intensive attention in HBV‐related HCC because it not only regulates HBV replication, but also promotes carcinogenesis by interacting with various tumor or antitumor molecules. This study is performed to investigate whether and how 14‐3‐3ζ interacts with HBx. The coimmunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) results showed that 14‐3‐3ζ bond to HBx in HBV‐infected Hep3B HCC cells and CSQT‐2 portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) cells. By performing Co‐IP assay in HBV‐free Huh7 cells expressing wild‐type HBx, mutant HBx‐S31A, or HBx‐S31D (serine31 was mutated into alanine31 or aspartic acid31), we found that the phosphorylated serine31 with its near amino acid residues constituted a RPLphosphoS31GP (R, arginine; P, proline; L, leucine; S, serine; G, glycine) motif in HBx for 14‐3‐3ζ docking. This 14‐3‐3ζ‐HBx interaction was partly impaired when Akt signaling transduction was blocked by LY294002. Furthermore, 14‐3‐3ζ silencing augmented HBx ubiquitination and decreased its expression in cancer cells and xenograft tumor. The migratory and invasive abilities of CSQT‐2 cells were inhibited upon 14‐3‐3ζ silencing, whereas partly restored by HBx overexpression. Additionally, 14‐3‐3ζ positively correlated with HBx to be overexpressed in the primary HCC tissues (r = 0.344) and metastatic PVTT (r = 0.348). In summary, findings of this study reveal a novel 14‐3‐3ζ‐HBx interaction in HCC cells and suggest 14‐3‐3ζ as a candidate target for treating HBV‐related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufu Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 100016, China.,Post-doctoral Station, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 10016, China
| | - Yibing Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 100016, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 100016, China
| | - Zhongyi Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 100016, China
| | - Longfei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 100016, China
| | - Jiahong Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital (BTCH), School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenping Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 100016, China
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