1
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Geisberg JV, Moqtaderi Z, Struhl K. Chromatin regulates alternative polyadenylation via the RNA polymerase II elongation rate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2405827121. [PMID: 38748572 PMCID: PMC11127049 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2405827121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The RNA polymerase II (Pol II) elongation rate influences poly(A) site selection, with slow and fast Pol II derivatives causing upstream and downstream shifts, respectively, in poly(A) site utilization. In yeast, depletion of either of the histone chaperones FACT or Spt6 causes an upstream shift of poly(A) site use that strongly resembles the poly(A) profiles of slow Pol II mutant strains. Like slow Pol II mutant strains, FACT- and Spt6-depleted cells exhibit Pol II processivity defects, indicating that both Spt6 and FACT stimulate the Pol II elongation rate. Poly(A) profiles of some genes show atypical downstream shifts; this subset of genes overlaps well for FACT- or Spt6-depleted strains but is different from the atypical genes in Pol II speed mutant strains. In contrast, depletion of histone H3 or H4 causes a downstream shift of poly(A) sites for most genes, indicating that nucleosomes inhibit the Pol II elongation rate in vivo. Thus, chromatin-based control of the Pol II elongation rate is a potential mechanism, distinct from direct effects on the cleavage/polyadenylation machinery, to regulate alternative polyadenylation in response to genetic or environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph V. Geisberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Zarmik Moqtaderi
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Kevin Struhl
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
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2
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Chakraborty J, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty S, Narayan MN. Entanglement of MAPK pathways with gene expression and its omnipresence in the etiology for cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194988. [PMID: 37739217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) is one of the most well characterized cellular signaling pathways that controls fundamental cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. These cellular functions are consequences of transcription of regulatory genes that are influenced and regulated by the MAP-Kinase signaling cascade. MAP kinase components such as Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) sense external cues or ligands and transmit these signals via multiple protein complexes such as RAS-RAF, MEK, and ERKs and eventually modulate the transcription factors inside the nucleus to induce transcription and other regulatory functions. Aberrant activation, dysregulation of this signaling pathway, and genetic alterations in any of these components results in the developmental disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Over the years, the MAPK pathway has been a prime pharmacological target, to treat complex human disorders that are genetically linked such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The current review re-visits the mechanism of MAPK pathways in gene expression regulation. Further, a current update on the progress of the mechanistic understanding of MAPK components is discussed from a disease perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Chakraborty
- Institute for Advancing Health through Agriculture, Texas A&M Agrilife, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sayan Chakraborty
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Sohag Chakraborty
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program (HOPP), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Mahesh N Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, USA.
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3
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Wagner ER, Gasch AP. Advances in S. cerevisiae Engineering for Xylose Fermentation and Biofuel Production: Balancing Growth, Metabolism, and Defense. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:786. [PMID: 37623557 PMCID: PMC10455348 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineering microorganisms to produce chemicals has changed the industrialized world. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is frequently used in industry due to its genetic tractability and unique metabolic capabilities. S. cerevisiae has been engineered to produce novel compounds from diverse sugars found in lignocellulosic biomass, including pentose sugars, like xylose, not recognized by the organism. Engineering high flux toward novel compounds has proved to be more challenging than anticipated since simply introducing pathway components is often not enough. Several studies show that the rewiring of upstream signaling is required to direct products toward pathways of interest, but doing so can diminish stress tolerance, which is important in industrial conditions. As an example of these challenges, we reviewed S. cerevisiae engineering efforts, enabling anaerobic xylose fermentation as a model system and showcasing the regulatory interplay's controlling growth, metabolism, and stress defense. Enabling xylose fermentation in S. cerevisiae requires the introduction of several key metabolic enzymes but also regulatory rewiring of three signaling pathways at the intersection of the growth and stress defense responses: the RAS/PKA, Snf1, and high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathways. The current studies reviewed here suggest the modulation of global signaling pathways should be adopted into biorefinery microbial engineering pipelines to increase efficient product yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen R. Wagner
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Audrey P. Gasch
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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4
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de Oya IG, Jiménez-Gutiérrez E, Gaillard H, Molina M, Martín H, Wellinger RE. Manganese Stress Tolerance Depends on Yap1 and Stress-Activated MAP Kinases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415706. [PMID: 36555348 PMCID: PMC9779322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding which intracellular signaling pathways are activated by manganese stress is crucial to decipher how metal overload compromise cellular integrity. Here, we unveil a role for oxidative and cell wall stress signaling in the response to manganese stress in yeast. We find that the oxidative stress transcription factor Yap1 protects cells against manganese toxicity. Conversely, extracellular manganese addition causes a rapid decay in Yap1 protein levels. In addition, manganese stress activates the MAPKs Hog1 and Slt2 (Mpk1) and leads to an up-regulation of the Slt2 downstream transcription factor target Rlm1. Importantly, Yap1 and Slt2 are both required to protect cells from oxidative stress in mutants impaired in manganese detoxification. Under such circumstances, Slt2 activation is enhanced upon Yap1 depletion suggesting an interplay between different stress signaling nodes to optimize cellular stress responses and manganese tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés G. de Oya
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elena Jiménez-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hélène Gaillard
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Molina
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Humberto Martín
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ralf Erik Wellinger
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence:
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5
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Latorre P, Böttcher R, Nadal-Ribelles M, Li CH, Solé C, Martínez-Cebrián G, Boutros PC, Posas F, de Nadal E. Data-driven identification of inherent features of eukaryotic stress-responsive genes. NAR Genom Bioinform 2022; 4:lqac018. [PMID: 35265837 PMCID: PMC8900196 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms are continuously challenged by changes in their environment that can propagate to stresses at the cellular level, such as rapid changes in osmolarity or oxygen tension. To survive these sudden changes, cells have developed stress-responsive mechanisms that tune cellular processes. The response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to osmostress includes a massive reprogramming of gene expression. Identifying the inherent features of stress-responsive genes is of significant interest for understanding the basic principles underlying the rewiring of gene expression upon stress. Here, we generated a comprehensive catalog of osmostress-responsive genes from 5 independent RNA-seq experiments. We explored 30 features of yeast genes and found that 25 (83%) were distinct in osmostress-responsive genes. We then identified 13 non-redundant minimal osmostress gene traits and used statistical modeling to rank the most stress-predictive features. Intriguingly, the most relevant features of osmostress-responsive genes are the number of transcription factors targeting them and gene conservation. Using data on HeLa samples, we showed that the same features that define yeast osmostress-responsive genes can predict osmostress-responsive genes in humans, but with changes in the rank-ordering of feature-importance. Our study provides a holistic understanding of the basic principles of the regulation of stress-responsive gene expression across eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Latorre
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - René Böttcher
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Nadal-Ribelles
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Constance H Li
- Departments of Human Genetics and Urology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carme Solé
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Martínez-Cebrián
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Departments of Human Genetics and Urology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Francesc Posas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eulàlia de Nadal
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Sanz AB, García R, Pavón-Vergés M, Rodríguez-Peña JM, Arroyo J. Control of Gene Expression via the Yeast CWI Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031791. [PMID: 35163713 PMCID: PMC8836261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Living cells exposed to stressful environmental situations can elicit cellular responses that guarantee maximal cell survival. Most of these responses are mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, which are highly conserved from yeast to humans. Cell wall damage conditions in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae elicit rescue mechanisms mainly associated with reprogramming specific transcriptional responses via the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway. Regulation of gene expression by this pathway is coordinated by the MAPK Slt2/Mpk1, mainly via Rlm1 and, to a lesser extent, through SBF (Swi4/Swi6) transcription factors. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms controlling gene expression upon cell wall stress and the role of chromatin structure in these processes. Some of these mechanisms are also discussed in the context of other stresses governed by different yeast MAPK pathways. Slt2 regulates both transcriptional initiation and elongation by interacting with chromatin at the promoter and coding regions of CWI-responsive genes but using different mechanisms for Rlm1- and SBF-dependent genes. Since MAPK pathways are very well conserved in eukaryotic cells and are essential for controlling cellular physiology, improving our knowledge regarding how they regulate gene expression could impact the future identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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7
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de Nadal E, Posas F. OUP accepted manuscript. FEMS Yeast Res 2022; 22:6543702. [PMID: 35254447 PMCID: PMC8953452 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eulàlia de Nadal
- Corresponding author: Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) Parc Científic de Barcelona c/ Baldiri Reixac, 10. 08028 Barcelona - Spain. E-mail:
| | - Francesc Posas
- Corresponding author: Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) Parc Científic de Barcelona c/ Baldiri Reixac, 10. 08028 Barcelona - Spain. E-mail:
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8
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The signaling pathways involved in metabolic regulation and stress responses of the yeast-like fungi Aureobasidium spp. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 55:107898. [PMID: 34974157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aureobasidium spp. can use a wide range of substrates and are widely distributed in different environments, suggesting that they can sense and response to various extracellular signals and be adapted to different environments. It is true that their pullulan, lipid and liamocin biosynthesis and cell growth are regulated by the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway; Polymalate (PMA) and pullulan biosynthesis is controlled by the Ca2+ and TORC1 signaling pathways; the HOG1 signaling pathway determines high osmotic tolerance and high pullulan and liamocin biosynthesis; the Snf1/Mig1 pathway controls glucose repression on pullulan and liamocin biosynthesis; DHN-melanin biosynthesis and stress resistance are regulated by the CWI signaling pathway and TORC1 signaling pathway. In addition, the HSF1 pathway may control cell growth of some novel strains of A. melanogenum at 37 °C. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of high temperature growth and thermotolerance of some novel strains of A. melanogenum and glucose derepression in A. melanogenum TN3-1 are still unclear.
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9
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Weinhouse C. The roles of inducible chromatin and transcriptional memory in cellular defense system responses to redox-active pollutants. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 170:85-108. [PMID: 33789123 PMCID: PMC8382302 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
People are exposed to wide range of redox-active environmental pollutants. Air pollution, heavy metals, pesticides, and endocrine disrupting chemicals can disrupt cellular redox status. Redox-active pollutants in our environment all trigger their own sets of specific cellular responses, but they also activate a common set of general stress responses that buffer the cell against homeostatic insults. These cellular defense system (CDS) pathways include the heat shock response, the oxidative stress response, the hypoxia response, the unfolded protein response, the DNA damage response, and the general stress response mediated by the stress-activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Over the past two decades, the field of environmental epigenetics has investigated epigenetic responses to environmental pollutants, including redox-active pollutants. Studies of these responses highlight the role of chromatin modifications in controlling the transcriptional response to pollutants and the role of transcriptional memory, often referred to as "epigenetic reprogramming", in predisposing previously exposed individuals to more potent transcriptional responses on secondary challenge. My central thesis in this review is that high dose or chronic exposure to redox-active pollutants leads to transcriptional memories at CDS target genes that influence the cell's ability to mount protective responses. To support this thesis, I will: (1) summarize the known chromatin features required for inducible gene activation; (2) review the known forms of transcriptional memory; (3) discuss the roles of inducible chromatin and transcriptional memory in CDS responses that are activated by redox-active environmental pollutants; and (4) propose a conceptual framework for CDS pathway responsiveness as a readout of total cellular exposure to redox-active pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Weinhouse
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97214, USA.
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10
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Kang XX, Jia SL, Wei X, Zhang M, Liu GL, Hu Z, Chi Z, Chi ZM. Liamocins biosynthesis, its regulation in Aureobasidium spp., and their bioactivities. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:93-105. [PMID: 34154468 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1931017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Liamocins synthesized by Aureobasidium spp. are glycolipids composed of a single mannitol or arabitol headgroup linked to either three, four or even six 3,5-dihydroxydecanoic ester tail-groups. The highest titer of liamocin achieved was over 40.0 g/L. The substrates for liamocins synthesis include glucose, sucrose, xylose, mannitol, and others. The Pks1 is responsible for the biosynthesis of the tail-group 3,5-dihydroxydecanoic acid, both mannitol dehydrogenase (MDH) and mannitol 1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase (MPDH) catalyze the mannitol biosynthesis and the arabitol biosynthesis is controlled by arabitol dehydrogenase (ArDH). The ester bond formation between 3,5-dihydroxydecanoic acid and mannitol or arabitol is catalyzed by the esterase (Est1). Liamocin biosynthesis is regulated by the specific transcriptional activator (Gal1), global transcriptional activator (Msn2), various signaling pathways, acetyl-CoA flux while Pks1 activity is controlled by PPTase activity. The synthesized liamocins have high bioactivity against the pathogenic bacteria Streptococcus spp. and some kinds of cancer cells while Massoia lactone released liamocins which exhibited obvious antifungal and anticancer activities. Therefore, liamocins and Massoia lactone have many applications in various sectors of biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Kang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shu-Lei Jia
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wei
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guang-Lei Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe Chi
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Chi
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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11
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Zhao Y, Li S, Wang J, Liu Y, Deng Y. Roles of High Osmolarity Glycerol and Cell Wall Integrity Pathways in Cadmium Toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126169. [PMID: 34201004 PMCID: PMC8226467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a carcinogen that can induce ER stress, DNA damage, oxidative stress and cell death. The yeast mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways paly crucial roles in response to various stresses. Here, we demonstrate that the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway, the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway and the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway are all essential for yeast cells to defend against the cadmium-induced toxicity, including the elevated ROS and cell death levels induced by cadmium. We show that the UPR pathway is required for the cadmium-induced phosphorylation of HOG_MAPK Hog1 but not for CWI_MAPK Slt2, while Slt2 but not Hog1 is required for the activation of the UPR pathway through the transcription factors of Swi6 and Rlm1. Moreover, deletion of HAC1 and IRE1 could promote the nuclear accumulation of Hog1, and increase the cytosolic and bud neck localisation of Slt2, indicating crucial roles of Hog1 and Slt2 in regulating the cellular process in the absence of UPR pathway. Altogether, our findings highlight the significance of these two MAPK pathways of HOG and CWI and their interrelationship with the UPR pathway in responding to cadmium-induced toxicity in budding yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Shiyun Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yingli Liu
- China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yu Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China;
- Correspondence:
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12
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Chromatin phosphoproteomics unravels a function for AT-hook motif nuclear localized protein AHL13 in PAMP-triggered immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2004670118. [PMID: 33419940 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004670118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In many eukaryotic systems during immune responses, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) link cytoplasmic signaling to chromatin events by targeting transcription factors, chromatin remodeling complexes, and the RNA polymerase machinery. So far, knowledge on these events is scarce in plants and no attempts have been made to focus on phosphorylation events of chromatin-associated proteins. Here we carried out chromatin phosphoproteomics upon elicitor-induced activation of Arabidopsis The events in WT were compared with those in mpk3, mpk4, and mpk6 mutant plants to decipher specific MAPK targets. Our study highlights distinct signaling networks involving MPK3, MPK4, and MPK6 in chromatin organization and modification, as well as in RNA transcription and processing. Among the chromatin targets, we characterized the AT-hook motif containing nuclear localized (AHL) DNA-binding protein AHL13 as a substrate of immune MAPKs. AHL13 knockout mutant plants are compromised in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-induced reactive oxygen species production, expression of defense genes, and PAMP-triggered immunity. Transcriptome analysis revealed that AHL13 regulates key factors of jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling and affects immunity toward Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea pathogens. Mutational analysis of the phosphorylation sites of AHL13 demonstrated that phosphorylation regulates AHL13 protein stability and thereby its immune functions.
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13
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Carbon Catabolite Repression Governs Diverse Physiological Processes and Development in Aspergillus nidulans. mBio 2021; 13:e0373421. [PMID: 35164551 PMCID: PMC8844935 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03734-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) is a common phenomenon of microorganisms that enable efficient utilization of carbon nutrients, critical for the fitness of microorganisms in the wild and for pathogenic species to cause infection. In most filamentous fungal species, the conserved transcription factor CreA/Cre1 mediates CCR. Previous studies demonstrated a primary function for CreA/Cre1 in carbon metabolism; however, the phenotype of creA/cre1 mutants indicated broader roles. The global function and regulatory mechanism of this wide-domain transcription factor has remained elusive. Here, we applied two powerful genomics methods (transcriptome sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing) to delineate the direct and indirect roles of Aspergillus nidulans CreA across diverse physiological processes, including secondary metabolism, iron homeostasis, oxidative stress response, development, N-glycan biosynthesis, unfolded protein response, and nutrient and ion transport. The results indicate intricate connections between the regulation of carbon metabolism and diverse cellular functions. Moreover, our work also provides key mechanistic insights into CreA regulation and identifies CreA as a master regulator controlling many transcription factors of different regulatory networks. The discoveries for this highly conserved transcriptional regulator in a model fungus have important implications for CCR in related pathogenic and industrial species. IMPORTANCE The ability to scavenge and use a wide range of nutrients for growth is crucial for microorganisms' survival in the wild. Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) is a transcriptional regulatory phenomenon of both bacteria and fungi to coordinate the expression of genes required for preferential utilization of carbon sources. Since carbon metabolism is essential for growth, CCR is central to the fitness of microorganisms. In filamentous fungi, CCR is mediated by the conserved transcription factor CreA/Cre1, whose function in carbon metabolism has been well established. However, the global roles and regulatory mechanism of CreA/Cre1 are poorly defined. This study uncovers the direct and indirect functions of CreA in the model organism Aspergillus nidulans over diverse physiological processes and development and provides mechanistic insights into how CreA controls different regulatory networks. The work also reveals an interesting functional divergence between filamentous fungal and yeast CreA/Cre1 orthologues.
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14
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Wang YT, Hsiao WY, Wang SW. The fission yeast Pin1 peptidyl-prolyl isomerase promotes dissociation of Sty1 MAPK from RNA polymerase II and recruits Ssu72 phosphatase to facilitate oxidative stress induced transcription. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:805-817. [PMID: 33410907 PMCID: PMC7826279 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pin1 is a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase that regulates the structure and function of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (Pol II) through interaction with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of Rpb1, the largest subunit of Pol II. We demonstrated that this function is important for cellular response to oxidative stress in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In response to oxidative stress, the Atf1 transcription factor targets Sty1, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), to specific stress-responsive promoters. Anchored Sty1 recruits Pol II through direct association with Rpb1-CTD and phosphorylates the reiterated heptad sequence at Serine 5. Pin1 binds phosphorylated CTD to promote dissociation of Sty1 from it, and directly recruits Ssu72 phosphatase to facilitate dephosphorylation of CTD for transcription elongation. In the absence of Pin1, the association of Sty1-Atf1 with Rpb1 persists on stress-responsive promoters failed to generate transcripts of the corresponding genes effectively. The identified characteristic features of the fission yeast Pin1 are conserved in humans. We demonstrated that elevated Pin1 level in cancer cells might help to sustain survival under oxidative stress generated from their altered metabolic pathways. Together, these results suggest a conserved function of Pin1 in cellular response to oxidative stress among eukaryotic cells that might have clinical implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Wang
- Institute of Molecular & Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yi Hsiao
- Institute of Molecular & Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Win Wang
- Institute of Molecular & Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
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15
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From the vineyard to the cellar: new insights of Starmerella bacillaris (synonym Candida zemplinina) technological properties and genomic perspective. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:493-501. [PMID: 33394145 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A large diversity of yeasts can be involved in alcoholic fermentation; however, Starmerella bacillaris strains have gained great attention due to their relevant and particular characteristics. S. bacillaris is commonly known as an osmotolerant, acidogenic, psychrotolerant, and fructophilic yeast. Most strains of this species are high producers of glycerol and show low ethanol production rates, being highlighted as promising alternatives to the manufacture of low-alcohol beverages. The increased production of high alcohols, such as benzyl alcohol that has antifungal and antibacterial properties, highlights S. bacillaris potential as a biocontrol agent. After harvest, antifungal yeasts become part of the must microbiota and may also improve the fermentation process. Moreover, during the fermentation, S. bacillaris releases important molecules with biotechnological properties, such as mannoproteins and glutathione. Considering the potential biotechnological properties of S. bacillaris strains, this review presents an overview of recent trends concerning the application of S. bacillaris in fermented beverages. KEY POINTS: •S. bacillaris as an alternative to the production of low-alcohol beverages. •S. bacillaris strains present biocontrol potential. •Molecules released by S. bacillaris may be of great biotechnological interest.
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16
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García-Martínez J, Pérez-Martínez ME, Pérez-Ortín JE, Alepuz P. Recruitment of Xrn1 to stress-induced genes allows efficient transcription by controlling RNA polymerase II backtracking. RNA Biol 2020; 18:1458-1474. [PMID: 33258404 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1857521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new paradigm has emerged proposing that the crosstalk between nuclear transcription and cytoplasmic mRNA stability keeps robust mRNA levels in cells under steady-state conditions. A key piece in this crosstalk is the highly conserved 5'-3' RNA exonuclease Xrn1, which degrades most cytoplasmic mRNAs but also associates with nuclear chromatin to activate transcription by not well-understood mechanisms. Here, we investigated the role of Xrn1 in the transcriptional response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to osmotic stress. We show that a lack of Xrn1 results in much lower transcriptional induction of the upregulated genes but in similar high levels of their transcripts because of parallel mRNA stabilization. Unexpectedly, lower transcription in xrn1 occurs with a higher accumulation of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) at stress-inducible genes, suggesting that this polymerase remains inactive backtracked. Xrn1 seems to be directly implicated in the formation of a competent elongation complex because Xrn1 is recruited to the osmotic stress-upregulated genes in parallel with the RNAPII complex, and both are dependent on the mitogen-activated protein kinase Hog1. Our findings extend the role of Xrn1 in preventing the accumulation of inactive RNAPII at highly induced genes to other situations of rapid and strong transcriptional upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José García-Martínez
- ERI Biotecmed, Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat De València, Burjassot, Spain.,Departamento De Genética, Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat De València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - María E Pérez-Martínez
- ERI Biotecmed, Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat De València, Burjassot, Spain.,Departamento De Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular, Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat De València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - José E Pérez-Ortín
- ERI Biotecmed, Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat De València, Burjassot, Spain.,Departamento De Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular, Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat De València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Paula Alepuz
- ERI Biotecmed, Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat De València, Burjassot, Spain.,Departamento De Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular, Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat De València, Burjassot, Spain
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17
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Zhang M, Gao ZC, Chi Z, Liu GL, Hu Z, Chi ZM. cAMP-PKA and HOG1 signaling pathways regulate liamocin production by different ways via the transcriptional activator Msn2 in Aureobasidium melanogenum. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 143:109705. [PMID: 33375973 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liamocins, as the secondary metabolites synthesized and secreted by Aureobasidium spp., consist of a single mannitol or a single arabitol head group partially O-acylated with three 3,5-dihydroxydecanoic ester groups or directly esterified with three or four 3,5-dihydroxydecanoic ester tails. Very recently, the whole synthetic pathway of liamocins in A. melanogenum 6-1-2 has been elucidated. It was found that the promoter sequences of all the genes related to liamocin synthesis in A. melanogenum 6-1-2 had stress regulatory elements with core sequences of AGGGG or CCCCT. Therefore, expression of all the genes would be regulated by the Msn2. In this study, it was found that removal of the single one MSN2 gene in A. melanogenum 6-1-2 made the mutant decrease yield of extracellular liamocin by 92.28 %, while complementation of the MSN2 gene in the mutant rendered liamocin synthesis to be restored. When A. melanogenum 6-1-2 was cultured in the liamocin fermentation medium with high glucose and low nitrogen, the Msn2 was localized in the nucleus and positively regulated the expression of the genes related to liamocin biosynthesis. Furthermore, when the key BCY1 gene encoding regulatory subunit of the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway in A. melanogenum 6-1-2 was knocked out, the amount of extracellular liamocins synthesized by the mutant was decreased by 96.73 % and the Msn2 was localized in the cytoplasm. Similarly, when the key HOG1 gene in the HOG1 signaling pathway was deleted, liamocin biosynthesis in the knockout strain was decreased by 98.09 %. However, it was found that the Hog1 may be one part of the general transcription complex to regulate the transcription of the MSN2 gene, leading to the reduced Msn2 and liamocin synthesis in the mutant. In addition, the key TOR1 gene and SNF1 gene in the TOR1 signaling pathway and the SNF1 signaling pathway were not involved in the regulation of the Msn2 activity and liamocin synthesis. It was concluded that the transcriptional activator Msn2, the HOG1 signaling pathway and the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway were involved in the regulation of liamocin biosynthesis and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Gao
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhe Chi
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266003, Qingdao, China
| | - Guang-Lei Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266003, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Chi
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266003, Qingdao, China.
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18
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Wosika V, Pelet S. Single-particle imaging of stress-promoters induction reveals the interplay between MAPK signaling, chromatin and transcription factors. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3171. [PMID: 32576833 PMCID: PMC7311541 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16943-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise regulation of gene expression in response to environmental changes is crucial for cell survival, adaptation and proliferation. In eukaryotic cells, extracellular signal integration is often carried out by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK). Despite a robust MAPK signaling activity, downstream gene expression can display a great variability between single cells. Using a live mRNA reporter, here we monitor the dynamics of transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae upon hyper-osmotic shock. We find that the transient activity of the MAPK Hog1 opens a temporal window where stress-response genes can be activated. We show that the first minutes of Hog1 activity are essential to control the activation of a promoter. Chromatin repression on a locus slows down this transition and contributes to the variability in gene expression, while binding of transcription factors increases the level of transcription. However, soon after Hog1 activity peaks, negative regulators promote chromatin closure of the locus and transcription progressively stops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Wosika
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Serge Pelet
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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19
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CgHog1-Mediated CgRds2 Phosphorylation Alters Glycerophospholipid Composition To Coordinate Osmotic Stress in Candida glabrata. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.02822-18. [PMID: 30635387 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02822-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Under stress conditions, Hog1 is required for cell survival through transiently phosphorylating downstream targets and reprogramming gene expression. Here, we report that Candida glabrata Hog1 (CgHog1) interacts with and phosphorylates CgRds2, a zinc cluster transcription factor, in response to osmotic stress. Additionally, we found that deletion of CgRDS2 led to decreases in cell growth and cell survival by 23.4% and 39.6%, respectively, at 1.5 M NaCl, compared with levels of the wild-type strain. This is attributed to significant downregulation of the expression levels of glycerophospholipid metabolism genes. As a result, the content of total glycerophospholipid decreased by 30.3%. Membrane integrity also decreased 47.6% in the Cgrds2Δ strain at 1.5 M NaCl. In contrast, overexpression of CgRDS2 increased the cell growth and cell survival by 10.2% and 6.3%, respectively, owing to a significant increase in the total glycerophospholipid content and increased membrane integrity by 27.2% and 12.1%, respectively, at 1.5 M NaCl, compared with levels for the wild-type strain. However, a strain in which the CgRDS2 gene encodes the replacement of Ser64 and Thr97 residues with alanines (Cgrds22A ), harboring a CgRds2 protein that was not phosphorylated by CgHog1, failed to promote glycerophospholipid metabolism and membrane integrity at 1.5 M NaCl. Thus, the above results demonstrate that CgHog1-mediated CgRds2 phosphorylation enhanced glycerophospholipid composition and membrane integrity to resist osmotic stress in C. glabrata IMPORTANCE This study explored the role of CgHog1-mediated CgRds2 phosphorylation in response to osmotic stress in Candida glabrata CgHog1 interacts with and phosphorylates CgRds2, a zinc cluster transcription factor, under osmotic stress. Phosphorylated CgRds2 plays an important role in increasing glycerophospholipid composition and membrane integrity, thereby enhancing cell growth and survival.
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20
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Sellam A, Chaillot J, Mallick J, Tebbji F, Richard Albert J, Cook MA, Tyers M. The p38/HOG stress-activated protein kinase network couples growth to division in Candida albicans. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008052. [PMID: 30921326 PMCID: PMC6456229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell size is a complex trait that responds to developmental and environmental cues. Quantitative size analysis of mutant strain collections disrupted for protein kinases and transcriptional regulators in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans uncovered 66 genes that altered cell size, few of which overlapped with known size genes in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A potent size regulator specific to C. albicans was the conserved p38/HOG MAPK module that mediates the osmostress response. Basal HOG activity inhibited the SBF G1/S transcription factor complex in a stress-independent fashion to delay the G1/S transition. The HOG network also governed ribosome biogenesis through the master transcriptional regulator Sfp1. Hog1 bound to the promoters and cognate transcription factors for ribosome biogenesis regulons and interacted genetically with the SBF G1/S machinery, and thereby directly linked cell growth and division. These results illuminate the evolutionary plasticity of size control and identify the HOG module as a nexus of cell cycle and growth regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnane Sellam
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRI), CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUQ), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Chaillot
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRI), CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUQ), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jaideep Mallick
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Faiza Tebbji
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRI), CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUQ), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Richard Albert
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael A. Cook
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mike Tyers
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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21
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Tan K, Wong KH. RNA polymerase II ChIP-seq-a powerful and highly affordable method for studying fungal genomics and physiology. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:79-82. [PMID: 30627870 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-00497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaeling Tan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.,Genomics and Bioinformatics core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Koon Ho Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China. .,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
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22
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Sanz AB, García R, Rodríguez-Peña JM, Nombela C, Arroyo J. Slt2 MAPK association with chromatin is required for transcriptional activation of Rlm1 dependent genes upon cell wall stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:1029-1039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Lemos Junior WJF, da Silva Duarte V, Treu L, Campanaro S, Nadai C, Giacomini A, Corich V. Whole genome comparison of two Starmerella bacillaris strains with other wine yeasts uncovers genes involved in modulating important winemaking traits. FEMS Yeast Res 2018; 18:5046425. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foy069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Josè Fernandes Lemos Junior
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Italy
| | - Vinicius da Silva Duarte
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570 000, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Laura Treu
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Italy
| | - Stefano Campanaro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58b, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Nadai
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, Conegliano, 31015, Italy
| | - Alessio Giacomini
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, Conegliano, 31015, Italy
| | - Viviana Corich
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, Conegliano, 31015, Italy
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24
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Sartorelli V, Puri PL. Shaping Gene Expression by Landscaping Chromatin Architecture: Lessons from a Master. Mol Cell 2018; 71:375-388. [PMID: 29887393 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery as a skeletal muscle-specific transcription factor able to reprogram somatic cells into differentiated myofibers, MyoD has provided an instructive model to understand how transcription factors regulate gene expression. Reciprocally, studies of other transcriptional regulators have provided testable hypotheses to further understand how MyoD activates transcription. Using MyoD as a reference, in this review, we discuss the similarities and differences in the regulatory mechanisms employed by tissue-specific transcription factors to access DNA and regulate gene expression by cooperatively shaping the chromatin landscape within the context of cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Sartorelli
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells & Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Pier Lorenzo Puri
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Epigenetics and Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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25
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Silva A, Cavero S, Begley V, Solé C, Böttcher R, Chávez S, Posas F, de Nadal E. Regulation of transcription elongation in response to osmostress. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007090. [PMID: 29155810 PMCID: PMC5720810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells trigger massive changes in gene expression upon environmental fluctuations. The Hog1 stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) is an important regulator of the transcriptional activation program that maximizes cell fitness when yeast cells are exposed to osmostress. Besides being associated with transcription factors bound at target promoters to stimulate transcriptional initiation, activated Hog1 behaves as a transcriptional elongation factor that is selective for stress-responsive genes. Here, we provide insights into how this signaling kinase functions in transcription elongation. Hog1 phosphorylates the Spt4 elongation factor at Thr42 and Ser43 and such phosphorylations are essential for the overall transcriptional response upon osmostress. The phosphorylation of Spt4 by Hog1 regulates RNA polymerase II processivity at stress-responsive genes, which is critical for cell survival under high osmostress conditions. Thus, the direct regulation of Spt4 upon environmental insults serves to stimulate RNA Pol II elongation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Silva
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Cavero
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Begley
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío-CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, and Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carme Solé
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - René Böttcher
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastián Chávez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío-CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, and Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francesc Posas
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eulàlia de Nadal
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Ask yeast how to burn your fats: lessons learned from the metabolic adaptation to salt stress. Curr Genet 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-017-0724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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CO 2 sensing in fungi: at the heart of metabolic signaling. Curr Genet 2017; 63:965-972. [PMID: 28493119 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-017-0700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to the changing environmental CO2 levels is essential for all living cells. In particular, microorganisms colonizing and infecting the human body are exposed to highly variable concentrations, ranging from atmospheric 0.04 to 5% and more in blood and specific host niches. Carbonic anhydrases are highly conserved metalloenzymes that enable fixation of CO2 by its conversion into bicarbonate. This process is not only crucial to ensure the supply of adequate carbon amounts for cellular metabolism, but also contributes to several signaling processes in fungi, including morphology and communication. The fungal specific carbonic anhydrase gene NCE103 is transcribed in response to CO2 availability. As recently shown, this regulation relies on the ATF/CREB transcription factor Cst6 and the AGC family protein kinase Sch9. Here, we review the regulatory mechanisms which control NCE103 expression in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the pathogenic yeasts Candida albicans and Candida glabrata and discuss which additional factors might contribute in this novel CO2 sensing cascade.
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28
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Pelet S. Nuclear relocation of Kss1 contributes to the specificity of the mating response. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43636. [PMID: 28262771 PMCID: PMC5337980 DOI: 10.1038/srep43636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) play a central role in transducing extra-cellular signals into defined biological responses. These enzymes, conserved in all eukaryotes, exert their function via the phosphorylation of numerous substrates located throughout the cell and by inducing a complex transcriptional program. The partitioning of their activity between the cytoplasm and the nucleus is thus central to their function. Budding yeast serves as a powerful system to understand the regulation of these fundamental biological phenomena. Under vegetative growth, the MAPK Kss1 is enriched in the nucleus of the cells. Stimulation with mating pheromone results in a rapid relocation of the protein in the cytoplasm. Activity of either Fus3 or Kss1 in the mating pathway is sufficient to drive this change in location by disassembling the complex formed between Kss1, Ste12 and Dig1. Artificial enrichment of the MAPK Kss1 in the nucleus in presence of mating pheromone alters the transcriptional response of the cells and induces a cell-cycle arrest in absence of Fus3 and Far1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Pelet
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
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Lv X, Jing Y, Wu H, Lin J. Tracking Tonoplast Protein Behaviors in Intact Vacuoles Isolated from Arabidopsis Leaves. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:349-352. [PMID: 27816695 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Lv
- College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanping Jing
- College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongyang Wu
- College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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30
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Hot1 factor recruits co-activator Sub1 and elongation complex Spt4/5 to osmostress genes. Biochem J 2016; 473:3065-79. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyperosmotic stress response involves the adaptative mechanisms needed for cell survival. Under high osmolarity conditions, many stress response genes are activated by several unrelated transcription factors that are controlled by the Hog1 kinase. Osmostress transcription factor Hot1 regulates the expression of several genes involved in glycerol biosynthesis, and the presence of this transcription factor in their promoters is essential for RNApol II recruitment. The physical association between Hog1 and Hot1 activates this transcription factor and directs the RNA polymerase II localization at these promoters. We, herein, demonstrate that physical and genetic interactions exist between Hot1 and several proteins involved in transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes: for example, transcription co-activator Sub1 and elongation complex Spt4/5. The results presented in this work demonstrate that Hot1 enrichment is not detected through the coding regions of its target genes and rule out a direct role in transcription elongation. Instead, other data presented herein indicate a key function of the Hot1 transcription factor in the recruitment of these proteins to the promoter or the 5′-coding region of the genes under its control.
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Mikula M, Skrzypczak M, Goryca K, Paczkowska K, Ledwon JK, Statkiewicz M, Kulecka M, Grzelak M, Dabrowska M, Kuklinska U, Karczmarski J, Rumienczyk I, Jastrzebski K, Miaczynska M, Ginalski K, Bomsztyk K, Ostrowski J. Genome-wide co-localization of active EGFR and downstream ERK pathway kinases mirrors mitogen-inducible RNA polymerase 2 genomic occupancy. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:10150-10164. [PMID: 27587583 PMCID: PMC5137434 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide mechanisms that coordinate expression of subsets of functionally related genes are largely unknown. Recent studies show that receptor tyrosine kinases and components of signal transduction cascades including the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), once thought to act predominantly in the vicinity of plasma membrane and in the cytoplasm, can be recruited to chromatin encompassing transcribed genes. Genome-wide distribution of these transducers and their relationship to transcribing RNA polymerase II (Pol2) could provide new insights about co-regulation of functionally related gene subsets. Chromatin immunoprecipitations (ChIP) followed by deep sequencing, ChIP-Seq, revealed that genome-wide binding of epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR and ERK pathway components at EGF-responsive genes was highly correlated with characteristic mitogen-induced Pol2-profile. Endosomes play a role in intracellular trafficking of proteins including their nuclear import. Immunofluorescence revealed that EGF-activated EGFR, MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 co-localize on endosomes. Perturbation of endosome internalization process, through the depletion of AP2M1 protein, resulted in decreased number of the EGFR containing endosomes and inhibition of Pol2, EGFR/ERK recruitment to EGR1 gene. Thus, mitogen-induced co-recruitment of EGFR/ERK components to subsets of genes, a kinase module possibly pre-assembled on endosome to synchronize their nuclear import, could coordinate genome-wide transcriptional events to ensure effective cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mikula
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Department of Genetics, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Skrzypczak
- University of Warsaw, CeNT, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089, Poland
| | - K Goryca
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Department of Genetics, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Paczkowska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Department of Genetics, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J K Ledwon
- Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Statkiewicz
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Department of Genetics, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Kulecka
- Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Grzelak
- University of Warsaw, CeNT, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089, Poland
| | - M Dabrowska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Department of Genetics, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - U Kuklinska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Department of Genetics, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Karczmarski
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Department of Genetics, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Rumienczyk
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Department of Genetics, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Jastrzebski
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Miaczynska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Ginalski
- University of Warsaw, CeNT, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089, Poland
| | - K Bomsztyk
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Ostrowski
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Department of Genetics, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland.,Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
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32
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Insight into different environmental niches adaptation and allergenicity from the Cladosporium sphaerospermum genome, a common human allergy-eliciting Dothideomycetes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27008. [PMID: 27243961 PMCID: PMC4886633 DOI: 10.1038/srep27008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cladosporium sphaerospermum, a dematiaceous saprophytic fungus commonly found in diverse environments, has been reported to cause allergy and other occasional diseases in humans. However, its basic biology and genetic information are largely unexplored. A clinical isolate C. sphaerospermum genome, UM 843, was re-sequenced and combined with previously generated sequences to form a model 26.89 Mb genome containing 9,652 predicted genes. Functional annotation on predicted genes suggests the ability of this fungus to degrade carbohydrate and protein complexes. Several putative peptidases responsible for lung tissue hydrolysis were identified. These genes shared high similarity with the Aspergillus peptidases. The UM 843 genome encodes a wide array of proteins involved in the biosynthesis of melanin, siderophores, cladosins and survival in high salinity environment. In addition, a total of 28 genes were predicted to be associated with allergy. Orthologous gene analysis together with 22 other Dothideomycetes showed genes uniquely present in UM 843 that encode four class 1 hydrophobins which may be allergens specific to Cladosporium. The mRNA of these hydrophobins were detected by RT-PCR. The genomic analysis of UM 843 contributes to the understanding of the biology and allergenicity of this widely-prevalent species.
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Esquivel-Naranjo EU, García-Esquivel M, Medina-Castellanos E, Correa-Pérez VA, Parra-Arriaga JL, Landeros-Jaime F, Cervantes-Chávez JA, Herrera-Estrella A. A Trichoderma atroviride stress-activated MAPK pathway integrates stress and light signals. Mol Microbiol 2016; 100:860-76. [PMID: 26878111 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cells possess stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) signalling pathways, which are activated practically in response to any cellular insult, regulating responses for survival and adaptation to harmful environmental changes. To understand the function of SAPK pathways in T. atroviride, mutants lacking the MAPKK Pbs2 and the MAPK Tmk3 were analysed under several cellular stresses, and in their response to light. All mutants were highly sensitive to cellular insults such as osmotic and oxidative stress, cell wall damage, high temperature, cadmium, and UV irradiation. Under oxidative stress, the Tmk3 pathway showed specific roles during development, which in conidia are essential for tolerance to oxidant agents and appear to play a minor role in mycelia. The function of this pathway was more evident in Δpbs2 and Δtmk3 mutant strains when combining oxidative stress or cell wall damage with light. Light stimulates tolerance to osmotic stress through Tmk3 independently of the photoreceptor Blr1. Strikingly, photoconidiation and expression of blue light regulated genes was severally affected in Δtmk3 and Δpbs2 strains, indicating that this pathway regulates light responses. Furthermore, Tmk3 was rapidly phosphorylated upon light exposure. Thus, our data indicate that Tmk3 signalling cooperates with the Blr photoreceptor complex in the activation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Ulises Esquivel-Naranjo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Irapuato, México.,Unit for Basic and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Mónica García-Esquivel
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Irapuato, México
| | | | - Víctor Alejandro Correa-Pérez
- Unit for Basic and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Jorge Luis Parra-Arriaga
- Unit for Basic and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Fidel Landeros-Jaime
- Unit for Basic and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - José Antonio Cervantes-Chávez
- Unit for Basic and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Querétaro, México
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McReynolds AC, Karra AS, Li Y, Lopez ED, Turjanski AG, Dioum E, Lorenz K, Zaganjor E, Stippec S, McGlynn K, Earnest S, Cobb MH. Phosphorylation or Mutation of the ERK2 Activation Loop Alters Oligonucleotide Binding. Biochemistry 2016; 55:1909-17. [PMID: 26950759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK2 is able to elicit a wide range of context-specific responses to distinct stimuli, but the mechanisms underlying this versatility remain in question. Some cellular functions of ERK2 are mediated through regulation of gene expression. In addition to phosphorylating numerous transcriptional regulators, ERK2 is known to associate with chromatin and has been shown to bind oligonucleotides directly. ERK2 is activated by the upstream kinases MEK1/2, which phosphorylate both tyrosine 185 and threonine 183. ERK2 requires phosphorylation on both sites to be fully active. Some additional ERK2 phosphorylation sites have also been reported, including threonine 188. It has been suggested that this phospho form has distinct properties. We detected some ERK2 phosphorylated on T188 in bacterial preparations of ERK2 by mass spectrometry and further demonstrate that phosphomimetic substitution of this ERK2 residue impairs its kinase activity toward well-defined substrates and also affects its DNA binding. We used electrophoretic mobility shift assays with oligonucleotides derived from the insulin gene promoter and other regions to examine effects of phosphorylation and mutations on the binding of ERK2 to DNA. We show that ERK2 can bind oligonucleotides directly. Phosphorylation and mutations alter DNA binding and support the idea that signaling functions may be influenced through an alternate phosphorylation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C McReynolds
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Aroon S Karra
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas 75390, United States.,Protein/Peptide Sequencing Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke , Bethesda, Maryland 20824, United States
| | - Elias Daniel Lopez
- Laboratory of Structural Bioinformatics, Department of Chemical Biology, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrian G Turjanski
- Laboratory of Structural Bioinformatics, Department of Chemical Biology, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elhadji Dioum
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V. , Dortmund, Germany
| | - Elma Zaganjor
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Steve Stippec
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Kathleen McGlynn
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Svetlana Earnest
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Melanie H Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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35
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Mizushima D, Iwata H, Ishimaki Y, Ogihara J, Kato J, Kasumi T. Two glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase isogenes from Candida versatilis SN-18 play an important role in glycerol biosynthesis under osmotic stress. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 121:523-9. [PMID: 26906228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two isogenes of glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) from Candida versatilis SN-18 were cloned and sequenced. These intronless genes (Cagpd1 and Cagpd2) were both predicted to encode a 378 amino acid polypeptide, and the deduced amino acid sequences mutually showed 76% identity. Interestingly, Cagpd1 and Cagpd2 were located tandemly in a locus of genomic DNA within a 262 bp interval. To our knowledge, this represents a novel instance of isogenic genes relating to glucose metabolism. The stress response element (STRE) was found respectively at -93 to -89 bp upstream of the 5'end of Cagpd1 and -707 to -703 bp upstream of Cagpd2, indicating that these genes are involved in osmotic stress response. In heterologous expression using a gpd1Δgpd2Δ double deletion mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cagpd1 and Cagpd2 transformants complemented the function of GPD, with Cagpd2 being much more effective than Cagpd1 in promoting growth and glycerol synthesis. Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences suggested that Cagpd1p and Cagpd2p are NADP(+)-dependent GPDs (EC 1.1.1.94). However, crude enzyme extract from Cagpd1 and Cagpd2 transformants showed GPD activity with only NAD(+) as cofactor. Hence, both Cagpd1p and Cagpd2p are likely NAD(+)-dependent GPDs (EC 1.1.1.8), similar to GPDs from S. cerevisiae and Candida magnoliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Mizushima
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Lifescience, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Hisashi Iwata
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Lifescience, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Yuki Ishimaki
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Lifescience, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Jun Ogihara
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Lifescience, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Jun Kato
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Lifescience, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kasumi
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Lifescience, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.
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36
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Wang Y, Tian L, Xiong D, Klosterman SJ, Xiao S, Tian C. The mitogen-activated protein kinase gene, VdHog1, regulates osmotic stress response, microsclerotia formation and virulence in Verticillium dahliae. Fungal Genet Biol 2016; 88:13-23. [PMID: 26812120 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The fungus Verticillium dahliae has gained worldwide notoriety as a destructive plant pathogen, causing vascular wilt diseases on diverse plant species. V. dahliae produces melanized resting bodies, known as microsclerotia, which can survive for 15 years in the soil, and are thus critically important in its disease cycle. However, the molecular mechanisms that underpin microsclerotia formation, survival, and germination remain poorly understood. In this study, we observed that deletion of VdHog1 (ΔVdHog1), encoding a homolog of a high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) response mitogen-activated protein kinase, displayed decreased numbers of melanized microsclerotia in culture, heightened sensitivity to hyperosmotic stress, and increased resistance to the fungicide fludioxonil. Through RNA-Seq analysis, we identified 221 genes differentially expressed in the ΔVdHog1 strain. Interestingly, the expression levels of genes involved in melanin biosynthesis, as well as the hydrophobin gene VDH1, involved in the early stage of microsclerotia formation, were significantly decreased in the ΔVdHog1 strains relative to the wild-type expression levels. The ΔVdHog1 strains exhibited decreased virulence relative to the wild type strain on smoke tree seedlings. These results indicate that VdHog1 regulates hyperosmotic stress responses in V. dahliae, and establishes the Hog1-mediated pathway as a target to further probe the up- and downstream processes that regulate asexual development in this fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Longyan Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dianguang Xiong
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Steven J Klosterman
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, CA, USA
| | - Shuxiao Xiao
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengming Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
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Teixeira V, Costa V. Unraveling the role of the Target of Rapamycin signaling in sphingolipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 61:109-33. [PMID: 26703187 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are important bioactive molecules that regulate basic aspects of cellular metabolism and physiology, including cell growth, adhesion, migration, senescence, apoptosis, endocytosis, and autophagy in yeast and higher eukaryotes. Since they have the ability to modulate the activation of several proteins and signaling pathways, variations in the relative levels of different sphingolipid species result in important changes in overall cellular functions and fate. Sphingolipid metabolism and their route of synthesis are highly conserved from yeast to mammalian cells. Studies using the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have served in many ways to foster our understanding of sphingolipid dynamics and their role in the regulation of cellular processes. In the past decade, studies in S. cerevisiae have unraveled a functional association between the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) pathway and sphingolipids, showing that both TOR Complex 1 (TORC1) and TOR Complex 2 (TORC2) branches control temporal and spatial aspects of sphingolipid metabolism in response to physiological and environmental cues. In this review, we report recent findings in this emerging and exciting link between the TOR pathway and sphingolipids and implications in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Teixeira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Costa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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38
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Gutin J, Sadeh A, Rahat A, Aharoni A, Friedman N. Condition-specific genetic interaction maps reveal crosstalk between the cAMP/PKA and the HOG MAPK pathways in the activation of the general stress response. Mol Syst Biol 2015; 11:829. [PMID: 26446933 PMCID: PMC4631200 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20156451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells must quickly respond and efficiently adapt to environmental changes. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has multiple pathways that respond to specific environmental insults, as well as a generic stress response program. The later is regulated by two transcription factors, Msn2 and Msn4, that integrate information from upstream pathways to produce fast, tunable, and robust response to different environmental changes. To understand this integration, we employed a systematic approach to genetically dissect the contribution of various cellular pathways to Msn2/4 regulation under a range of stress and growth conditions. We established a high-throughput liquid handling and automated flow cytometry system and measured GFP levels in 68 single-knockout and 1,566 double-knockout strains that carry an HSP12-GFP allele as a reporter for Msn2/4 activity. Based on the expression of this Msn2/4 reporter in five different conditions, we identified numerous genetic and epistatic interactions between different components in the network upstream to Msn2/4. Our analysis gains new insights into the functional specialization of the RAS paralogs in the repression of stress response and identifies a three-way crosstalk between the Mediator complex, the HOG MAPK pathway, and the cAMP/PKA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenia Gutin
- School of Computer Science & Engineering Institute of Life Sciences Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amit Sadeh
- School of Computer Science & Engineering Institute of Life Sciences Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayelet Rahat
- School of Computer Science & Engineering Institute of Life Sciences Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amir Aharoni
- Department of Life Science, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Nir Friedman
- School of Computer Science & Engineering Institute of Life Sciences Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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de Nadal E, Posas F. Osmostress-induced gene expression--a model to understand how stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) regulate transcription. FEBS J 2015; 282:3275-85. [PMID: 25996081 PMCID: PMC4744689 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation is essential for maximizing cell survival and for cell fitness in response to sudden changes in the environment. Several aspects of cell physiology change during adaptation. Major changes in gene expression are associated with cell exposure to environmental changes, and several aspects of mRNA biogenesis appear to be targeted by signaling pathways upon stress. Exhaustive reviews have been written regarding adaptation to stress and regulation of gene expression. In this review, using osmostress in yeast as a prototypical case study, we highlight those aspects of regulation of gene induction that are general to various environmental stresses as well as mechanistic aspects that are potentially conserved from yeast to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulàlia de Nadal
- Cell Signaling Unit, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Posas
- Cell Signaling Unit, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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40
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Abstract
In multicellular organisms differentiated cells must maintain their cellular memory, which will be faithfully inherited and maintained by their progeny. In addition, these specialized cells are exposed to specific environmental and cell-intrinsic signals and will have to appropriately respond to them. Some of these stimuli lead to changes in a subset of genes or to a genome-wide reprogramming of the cells that will remain after stimuli removal and, in some instances, will be inherited by the daughter cells. The molecular substrate that integrates cellular memory and plasticity is the chromatin, a complex of DNA and histones unique to eukaryotes. The nucleosome is the fundamental unit of the chromatin and nucleosomal organization defines different chromatin conformations. Chromatin regulators affect chromatin conformation and accessibility by covalently modifying the DNA or the histones, substituting histone variants, remodeling the nucleosome position or modulating chromatin looping and folding. These regulators frequently act in multiprotein complexes and highly specific interplays among chromatin marks and different chromatin regulators allow a remarkable array of possibilities. Therefore, chromatin regulator nets act to propagate the conformation of different chromatin regions through DNA replication and mitosis, and to remodel the chromatin fiber to regulate the accessibility of the DNA to transcription factors and to the transcription and repair machineries. Here, the state-of-the-art of the best-known chromatin regulators is reviewed.
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41
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Srivastava VK, Suneetha KJ, Kaur R. The mitogen-activated protein kinase CgHog1 is required for iron homeostasis, adherence and virulence in Candida glabrata. FEBS J 2015; 282:2142-66. [PMID: 25772226 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Candida glabrata has emerged as a major fungal pathogen over the last two decades, although our understanding of its survival strategies inside the mammalian host remains rudimentary. An important requirement for survival in vivo is the ability to acquire critical nutrients such as iron from host niches of varied iron content. In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time that C. glabrata cells respond to high external iron levels via activation of two stress-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinases, CgHog1 and CgSlt2, and lack of either kinase results in sensitivity to the high-iron medium. Furthermore, we show that CgHOG1 deletion led to perturbed iron homeostasis (elevated intracellular iron content and high mitochondrial aconitase activity), reduced survival in macrophages and attenuated virulence in the murine model of disseminated candidiasis. Consistently, several genes implicated in iron acquisition and storage displayed deregulated expression in the Cghog1∆ mutant. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling analysis revealed upregulation of genes implicated in DNA repair, RNA processing and autophagy, and downregulation of genes related to cellular respiration and organonitrogen compound metabolism under iron-limiting conditions. In contrast, genes involved in the respiratory electron transport chain were induced under iron-replete conditions. Gene expression microarrays also identified a set of iron-responsive regulon in C. glabrata. Lastly, we present evidence for the iron-regulated expression of the major adhesin-encoding EPA1 gene, decreased histone deacetylase activity in a high-iron environment and increased adherence of iron-surplus-medium-grown C. glabrata cells to epithelial cells. Together, our findings yield novel insights into iron abundance-based regulation of transcriptional and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in C. glabrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Srivastava
- Laboratory of Fungal Pathogenesis, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Graduate Studies, Manipal University, India
| | - Korivi J Suneetha
- Laboratory of Fungal Pathogenesis, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Laboratory of Fungal Pathogenesis, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Nadal-Ribelles M, Mas G, Millán-Zambrano G, Solé C, Ammerer G, Chávez S, Posas F, de Nadal E. H3K4 monomethylation dictates nucleosome dynamics and chromatin remodeling at stress-responsive genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:4937-49. [PMID: 25813039 PMCID: PMC4446418 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling is essential for proper adaptation to extracellular stimuli. The p38-related Hog1 SAPK is an important regulator of transcription that mediates chromatin remodeling upon stress. Hog1 targets the RSC chromatin remodeling complex to stress-responsive genes and rsc deficient cells display reduced induction of gene expression. Here we show that the absence of H3K4 methylation, either achieved by deletion of the SET1 methyltransferase or by amino acid substitution of H3K4, bypasses the requirement of RSC for stress-responsive gene expression. Monomethylation of H3K4 is specifically inhibiting RSC-independent chromatin remodeling and thus, it prevents osmostress-induced gene expression. The absence of H3K4 monomethylation permits that the association of alternative remodelers with stress-responsive genes and the Swr1 complex (SWR-C) is instrumental in the induction of gene expression upon stress. Accordingly, the absence of SWR-C or histone H2A.Z results in compromised chromatin remodeling and impaired gene expression in the absence of RSC and H3K4 methylation. These results indicate that expression of stress-responsive genes is controlled by two remodeling mechanisms: RSC in the presence of monomethylated H3K4, and SWR-C in the absence of H3K4 monomethylation. Our findings point to a novel role for H3K4 monomethylation in dictating the specificity of chromatin remodeling, adding an extra layer of regulation to the transcriptional stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Nadal-Ribelles
- Cell signaling unit, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Glòria Mas
- Cell signaling unit, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Millán-Zambrano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío-CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, and Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carme Solé
- Cell signaling unit, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gustav Ammerer
- Department of Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastián Chávez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío-CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, and Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francesc Posas
- Cell signaling unit, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eulàlia de Nadal
- Cell signaling unit, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
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Mitogen-activated protein kinase Hog1 is activated in response to curcumin exposure in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:317. [PMID: 25523922 PMCID: PMC4275933 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Curcumin (CUR), an active polyphenol derived from the spice turmeric, has been traditionally used for centuries in ancient Indian medicine to treat a number of diseases. The physiological effects of CUR have been shown to be diverse; however, the target molecules and pathways that CUR affects have yet to be fully described. Results Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the budding yeast mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Hog1 is essential for the response to CUR. Moreover, CUR-induced Hog1 phosphorylation was rescued by supplementation of iron to the growth medium. Hog1 was rapidly phosphorylated upon CUR treatment, but unlike the response to hyperosmotic shock (0.8 M NaCl), it remains activated for an extended period of time. A detailed analysis of HOG pathway mutants revealed that Pbs2p, Ptc2p, and Ssk2p are required for optimal CUR-induced Hog1 phosphorylation. We also observed a Hog1 dependent transcriptional response to CUR treatment that involved the up-regulation of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1), a factor that is essential for the hyperosmotic stress response. Conclusions Our present finding revealed the role of Hog1 MAPK in regulation of CUR-induced transcriptional response. We anticipate that our finding will enhance the understanding on the molecular mode of action of CUR on S. cerevisiae.
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Chasman D, Ho YH, Berry DB, Nemec CM, MacGilvray ME, Hose J, Merrill AE, Lee MV, Will JL, Coon JJ, Ansari AZ, Craven M, Gasch AP. Pathway connectivity and signaling coordination in the yeast stress-activated signaling network. Mol Syst Biol 2014; 10:759. [PMID: 25411400 PMCID: PMC4299600 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20145120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressed cells coordinate a multi-faceted response spanning many levels of physiology. Yet
knowledge of the complete stress-activated regulatory network as well as design principles for
signal integration remains incomplete. We developed an experimental and computational approach to
integrate available protein interaction data with gene fitness contributions, mutant transcriptome
profiles, and phospho-proteome changes in cells responding to salt stress, to infer the
salt-responsive signaling network in yeast. The inferred subnetwork presented many novel predictions
by implicating new regulators, uncovering unrecognized crosstalk between known pathways, and
pointing to previously unknown ‘hubs’ of signal integration. We exploited these
predictions to show that Cdc14 phosphatase is a central hub in the network and that modification of
RNA polymerase II coordinates induction of stress-defense genes with reduction of growth-related
transcripts. We find that the orthologous human network is enriched for cancer-causing genes,
underscoring the importance of the subnetwork's predictions in understanding stress
biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Chasman
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yi-Hsuan Ho
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David B Berry
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Corey M Nemec
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - James Hose
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anna E Merrill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Violet Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jessica L Will
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aseem Z Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark Craven
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Audrey P Gasch
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Sutcliffe EL, Rao S. Duplicity of protein kinase C-θ: Novel insights into human T-cell biology. Transcription 2014; 2:189-192. [PMID: 21922062 DOI: 10.4161/trns.2.4.16565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported on a new wrinkle of complexity in how eukaryotic genes are regulated by providing evidence for a hitherto unknown nuclear function of the signaling kinase, Protein Kinase C-theta (PKC-θ). This chromatin-anchored complex positively regulates inducible immune genes and negatively regulates target miRNA genes. These data challenge the traditional view of mammalian signaling kinases and provides new avenues for therapeutic drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa L Sutcliffe
- Discipline of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Applied Science; University of Canberra; Canberra, Australia
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Solé C, Nadal-Ribelles M, de Nadal E, Posas F. A novel role for lncRNAs in cell cycle control during stress adaptation. Curr Genet 2014; 61:299-308. [PMID: 25262381 PMCID: PMC4500851 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-014-0453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have developed sophisticated systems to constantly monitor changes in the extracellular environment and to orchestrate a proper cellular response. To maximize survival, cells delay cell-cycle progression in response to environmental changes. In response to extracellular insults, stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) modulate cell-cycle progression and gene expression. In yeast, osmostress induces activation of the p38-related SAPK Hog1, which plays a key role in reprogramming gene expression upon osmostress. Genomic analysis has revealed the existence of a large number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with different functions in a variety of organisms, including yeast. Upon osmostress, hundreds of lncRNAs are induced by the SAPK p38/Hog1. One gene that expresses Hog1-dependent lncRNA in an antisense orientation is the CDC28 gene, which encodes CDK1 kinase that controls the cell cycle in yeast. Cdc28 lncRNA mediates the induction of CDC28 expression and this increase in the level of Cdc28 results in more efficient re-entry of the cells into the cell cycle after stress. Thus, the control of lncRNA expression as a new mechanism for the regulation of cell-cycle progression opens new avenues to understand how stress adaptation can be accomplished in response to changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Solé
- Cell Signaling unit, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Cell Signaling Research Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Nadal-Ribelles
- Cell Signaling unit, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Cell Signaling Research Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eulàlia de Nadal
- Cell Signaling unit, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Cell Signaling Research Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Posas
- Cell Signaling unit, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Cell Signaling Research Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Engelberg D, Perlman R, Levitzki A. Transmembrane signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model for signaling in metazoans: state of the art after 25 years. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2865-78. [PMID: 25218923 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the very first article that appeared in Cellular Signalling, published in its inaugural issue in October 1989, we reviewed signal transduction pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although this yeast was already a powerful model organism for the study of cellular processes, it was not yet a valuable instrument for the investigation of signaling cascades. In 1989, therefore, we discussed only two pathways, the Ras/cAMP and the mating (Fus3) signaling cascades. The pivotal findings concerning those pathways undoubtedly contributed to the realization that yeast is a relevant model for understanding signal transduction in higher eukaryotes. Consequently, the last 25 years have witnessed the discovery of many signal transduction pathways in S. cerevisiae, including the high osmotic glycerol (Hog1), Stl2/Mpk1 and Smk1 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways, the TOR, AMPK/Snf1, SPS, PLC1 and Pkr/Gcn2 cascades, and systems that sense and respond to various types of stress. For many cascades, orthologous pathways were identified in mammals following their discovery in yeast. Here we review advances in the understanding of signaling in S. cerevisiae over the last 25 years. When all pathways are analyzed together, some prominent themes emerge. First, wiring of signaling cascades may not be identical in all S. cerevisiae strains, but is probably specific to each genetic background. This situation complicates attempts to decipher and generalize these webs of reactions. Secondly, the Ras/cAMP and the TOR cascades are pivotal pathways that affect all processes of the life of the yeast cell, whereas the yeast MAP kinase pathways are not essential. Yeast cells deficient in all MAP kinases proliferate normally. Another theme is the existence of central molecular hubs, either as single proteins (e.g., Msn2/4, Flo11) or as multisubunit complexes (e.g., TORC1/2), which are controlled by numerous pathways and in turn determine the fate of the cell. It is also apparent that lipid signaling is less developed in yeast than in higher eukaryotes. Finally, feedback regulatory mechanisms seem to be at least as important and powerful as the pathways themselves. In the final chapter of this essay we dare to imagine the essence of our next review on signaling in yeast, to be published on the 50th anniversary of Cellular Signalling in 2039.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Engelberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel; CREATE-NUS-HUJ, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation Programme, National University of Singapore, 1 CREATE Way, Innovation Wing, #03-09, Singapore 138602, Singapore.
| | - Riki Perlman
- Hematology Division, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander Levitzki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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Baranwal S, Azad GK, Singh V, Tomar RS. Signaling of chloroquine-induced stress in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the Hog1 and Slt2 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:5552-66. [PMID: 25022582 PMCID: PMC4135872 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02393-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) has been under clinical use for several decades, and yet little is known about CQ sensing and signaling mechanisms or about their impact on various biological pathways. We employed the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism to study the pathways targeted by CQ. Our screening with yeast mutants revealed that it targets histone proteins and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Here, we also describe the novel role of mitogen-activated protein kinases Hog1 and Slt2, which aid in survival in the presence of CQ. Cells deficient in Hog1 or Slt2 are found to be CQ hypersensitive, and both proteins were phosphorylated in response to CQ exposure. CQ-activated Hog1p is translocated to the nucleus and facilitates the expression of GPD1 (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), which is required for the synthesis of glycerol (one of the major osmolytes). Moreover, cells treated with CQ exhibited an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the effects were rescued by addition of reduced glutathione to the medium. The deletion of SOD1, the superoxide dismutase in yeast, resulted in hypersensitivity to CQ. We have also observed P38 as well as P42/44 phosphorylation in HEK293T human cells upon exposure to CQ, indicating that the kinds of responses generated in yeast and human cells are similar. In summary, our findings define the multiple biological pathways targeted by CQ that might be useful for understanding the toxicity modulated by this pharmacologically important molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Baranwal
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Gajendra Kumar Azad
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Vikash Singh
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Raghuvir S Tomar
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
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Merrill AE, Hebert AS, MacGilvray ME, Rose CM, Bailey DJ, Bradley JC, Wood WW, El Masri M, Westphall MS, Gasch AP, Coon JJ. NeuCode labels for relative protein quantification. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:2503-12. [PMID: 24938287 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.040287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a synthesis strategy for the preparation of lysine isotopologues that differ in mass by as little as 6 mDa. We demonstrate that incorporation of these molecules into the proteomes of actively growing cells does not affect cellular proliferation, and we discuss how to use the embedded mass signatures (neutron encoding (NeuCode)) for multiplexed proteome quantification by means of high-resolution mass spectrometry. NeuCode SILAC amalgamates the quantitative accuracy of SILAC with the multiplexing of isobaric tags and, in doing so, offers up new opportunities for biological investigation. We applied NeuCode SILAC to examine the relationship between transcript and protein levels in yeast cells responding to environmental stress. Finally, we monitored the time-resolved responses of five signaling mutants in a single 18-plex experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Merrill
- From the ‡Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; §Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Alexander S Hebert
- From the ‡Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | | | - Christopher M Rose
- From the ‡Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; §Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Derek J Bailey
- From the ‡Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Joel C Bradley
- ‖Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Andover, Massachusetts 01810
| | - William W Wood
- ‖Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Andover, Massachusetts 01810
| | - Marwan El Masri
- ‖Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Andover, Massachusetts 01810
| | - Michael S Westphall
- From the ‡Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Audrey P Gasch
- From the ‡Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; ¶Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Joshua J Coon
- From the ‡Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; §Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; **Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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50
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Chromatinized protein kinase C-θ directly regulates inducible genes in epithelial to mesenchymal transition and breast cancer stem cells. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:2961-80. [PMID: 24891615 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01693-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is activated during cancer invasion and metastasis, enriches for cancer stem cells (CSCs), and contributes to therapeutic resistance and disease recurrence. Signal transduction kinases play a pivotal role as chromatin-anchored proteins in eukaryotes. Here we report for the first time that protein kinase C-theta (PKC-θ) promotes EMT by acting as a critical chromatin-anchored switch for inducible genes via transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and the key inflammatory regulatory protein NF-κB. Chromatinized PKC-θ exists as an active transcription complex and is required to establish a permissive chromatin state at signature EMT genes. Genome-wide analysis identifies a unique cohort of inducible PKC-θ-sensitive genes that are directly tethered to PKC-θ in the mesenchymal state. Collectively, we show that cross talk between signaling kinases and chromatin is critical for eliciting inducible transcriptional programs that drive mesenchymal differentiation and CSC formation, providing novel mechanisms to target using epigenetic therapy in breast cancer.
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