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Mm Yahya S, Elsayed GH. The role of MiRNA-34 family in different signaling pathways and its therapeutic options. Gene 2024:148829. [PMID: 39154971 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
MiRNAs are short non-coding RNA molecules that have been shown to affect a vast number of genes at the post-transcriptional level, hence regulating several signaling pathways. Because the miRNA-34 family regulates a number of different signaling pathways, including those linked to cancer, the immune system, metabolism, cellular structure, and neurological disorders, it has garnered a great deal of attention from researchers. Members of the miRNA-34 family have been shown to inhibit tumors in a variety of cancer types. This family is also important for obesity, the cardiovascular system, and glycolysis. It's interesting to note that the miRNA-34 family is known to play a role in major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease (PD), adverse childhood experiences or trauma, regulation of stress responses, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and stress-related psychatric conditions. In this review, the expected targets of the miRNA-34 family are presented alongside the well-established targets identified by pathway analysis. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of this miRNA family will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa Mm Yahya
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, and Stem Cell Lab, Centre of Excellence for Advanced SciencesNational Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Ghada H Elsayed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, and Stem Cell Lab, Centre of Excellence for Advanced SciencesNational Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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2
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Killips B, Heaton EJB, Augusto L, Omsland A, Gilk SD. Coxiella burnetii inhibits nuclear translocation of TFEB, the master transcription factor for lysosomal biogenesis. J Bacteriol 2024:e0015024. [PMID: 39057917 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00150-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious, Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of human Q fever. The Coxiella Containing Vacuole (CCV) is a modified phagolysosome that forms through fusion with host endosomes and lysosomes. While an initial acidic pH < 4.7 is essential to activate Coxiella metabolism, the mature, growth-permissive CCV has a luminal pH of ~5.2 that remains stable throughout infection. Inducing CCV acidification to a lysosomal pH (~4.7) causes Coxiella degradation, suggesting that Coxiella regulates CCV pH. Supporting this hypothesis, Coxiella blocks host lysosomal biogenesis, leading to fewer host lysosomes available to fuse with the CCV. Host cell lysosome biogenesis is primarily controlled by the transcription factor EB (TFEB), which binds Coordinated Lysosomal Expression And Regulation (CLEAR) motifs upstream of genes involved in lysosomal biogenesis and function. TFEB is a member of the microphthalmia/transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) protein family, which also includes MITF, TFE3, and TFEC. This study examines the roles of MiT/TFE proteins during Coxiella infection. We found that in cells lacking TFEB, both Coxiella growth and CCV size increase. Conversely, TFEB overexpression or expression in the absence of other family members leads to significantly less bacterial growth and smaller CCVs. TFE3 and MITF do not appear to play a significant role during Coxiella infection. Surprisingly, we found that Coxiella actively blocks TFEB nuclear translocation in a Type IV Secretion System-dependent manner, thus decreasing lysosomal biogenesis. Together, these results suggest that Coxiella inhibits TFEB nuclear translocation to limit lysosomal biogenesis, thus avoiding further CCV acidification through CCV-lysosomal fusion. IMPORTANCE The obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen Coxiella burnetii causes the zoonotic disease Q fever, which is characterized by a debilitating flu-like illness in acute cases and life-threatening endocarditis in patients with chronic disease. While Coxiella survives in a unique lysosome-like vacuole called the Coxiella Containing Vacuole (CCV), the bacterium inhibits lysosome biogenesis as a mechanism to avoid increased CCV acidification. Our results establish that transcription factor EB (TFEB), a member of the microphthalmia/transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) family of transcription factors that regulate lysosomal gene expression, restricts Coxiella infection. Surprisingly, Coxiella blocks TFEB translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, thus downregulating the expression of lysosomal genes. These findings reveal a novel bacterial mechanism to regulate lysosomal biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigham Killips
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Emily J Bremer Heaton
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Leonardo Augusto
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Anders Omsland
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Stacey D Gilk
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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3
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Liu TA, Stewart TM, Casero RA. The Synergistic Benefit of Combination Strategies Targeting Tumor Cell Polyamine Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8173. [PMID: 39125742 PMCID: PMC11311409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian polyamines, including putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are positively charged amines that are essential for all living cells including neoplastic cells. An increasing understanding of polyamine metabolism, its molecular functions, and its role in cancer has led to the interest in targeting polyamine metabolism as an anticancer strategy, as the metabolism of polyamines is frequently dysregulated in neoplastic disease. In addition, due to compensatory mechanisms, combination therapies are clinically more promising, as agents can work synergistically to achieve an effect beyond that of each strategy as a single agent. In this article, the nature of polyamines, their association with carcinogenesis, and the potential use of targeting polyamine metabolism in treating and preventing cancer as well as combination therapies are described. The goal is to review the latest strategies for targeting polyamine metabolism, highlighting new avenues for exploiting aberrant polyamine homeostasis for anticancer therapy and the mechanisms behind them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ann Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Tracy Murray Stewart
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Robert A. Casero
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
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4
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Yu Y, Zhang L, Zhang D, Dai Q, Hou M, Chen M, Gao F, Liu XL. The role of ferroptosis in acute kidney injury: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05056-3. [PMID: 38943027 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common and severe clinical renal syndromes with high morbidity and mortality. Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death (PCD), is characterized by iron overload, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and lipid peroxidation. As ferroptosis has been increasingly studied in recent years, it is closely associated with the pathophysiological process of AKI and provides a target for the treatment of AKI. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis, summarizes its role in various AKI models, and explores its interaction with other forms of cell death, it also presents research on ferroptosis in AKI progression to other diseases. Additionally, the review highlights methods for detecting and assessing AKI through the lens of ferroptosis and describes potential inhibitors of ferroptosis for AKI treatment. Finally, the review presents a perspective on the future of clinical AKI treatment, aiming to stimulate further research on ferroptosis in AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Yu
- Yan'an Small Molecule Innovative Drug R&D Engineering Research Center, School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Yan'an Small Molecule Innovative Drug R&D Engineering Research Center, School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Die Zhang
- Yan'an Small Molecule Innovative Drug R&D Engineering Research Center, School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Qiangfang Dai
- Yan'an Small Molecule Innovative Drug R&D Engineering Research Center, School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Mingzheng Hou
- Yan'an Small Molecule Innovative Drug R&D Engineering Research Center, School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Meini Chen
- Yan'an Small Molecule Innovative Drug R&D Engineering Research Center, School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Yan'an Small Molecule Innovative Drug R&D Engineering Research Center, School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Xiao-Long Liu
- Yan'an Small Molecule Innovative Drug R&D Engineering Research Center, School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China.
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5
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Aptullahoglu E, Nakjang S, Wallis JP, Marr H, Marshall S, Willmore E, Lunec J. RNA Sequencing Reveals Candidate Genes and Pathways Associated with Resistance to MDM2 Antagonist Idasanutlin in TP53 Wild-Type Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1388. [PMID: 39061962 PMCID: PMC11274024 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a genetically and clinically diverse hematological cancer affecting middle-aged and elderly individuals. Novel targeted therapy options are needed for patients who relapse following initial responses or who are intrinsically resistant to current treatments. There is a growing body of investigation currently underway on MDM2 inhibitors in clinical trials, reflecting the increasing interest in including these drugs in cancer treatment regimens. One of the developed compounds, idasanutlin (RG7388), has shown promise in early-stage clinical trials. It is a second-generation MDM2-p53-binding antagonist with enhanced potency, selectivity, and bioavailability. In addition to the TP53 status, which is an important determinant of the response, we have shown in our previous studies that the SF3B1 mutational status is also an independent predictive biomarker of the ex vivo CLL patient sample treatment response to RG7388. The objective of this study was to identify novel biomarkers associated with resistance to RG7388. Gene set enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between RG7388-sensitive and -resistant CLL samples showed that the increased p53 activity led to upregulation of pro-apoptosis pathway genes while DNA damage response pathway genes were additionally upregulated in resistant samples. Furthermore, differential expression of certain genes was detected, which could serve as the backbone for novel combination treatment approaches. This research provides preclinical data to guide the exploration of drug combination strategies with MDM2 inhibitors, leading to future clinical trials and associated biomarkers that may improve outcomes for CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Aptullahoglu
- Biosciences Instittute & Newcastle University Cancer Centre, Medical Faculty, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11100 Bilecik, Türkiye
| | - Sirintra Nakjang
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK;
| | - Jonathan P. Wallis
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK; (J.P.W.); (H.M.)
| | - Helen Marr
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK; (J.P.W.); (H.M.)
| | - Scott Marshall
- Department of Haematology, City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Trust, Sunderland SR4 7TP, UK;
| | - Elaine Willmore
- Biosciences Instittute & Newcastle University Cancer Centre, Medical Faculty, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - John Lunec
- Biosciences Instittute & Newcastle University Cancer Centre, Medical Faculty, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
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Liu Y, Su Z, Tavana O, Gu W. Understanding the complexity of p53 in a new era of tumor suppression. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:946-967. [PMID: 38729160 PMCID: PMC11190820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
p53 was discovered 45 years ago as an SV40 large T antigen binding protein, coded by the most frequently mutated TP53 gene in human cancers. As a transcription factor, p53 is tightly regulated by a rich network of post-translational modifications to execute its diverse functions in tumor suppression. Although early studies established p53-mediated cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence as the classic barriers in cancer development, a growing number of new functions of p53 have been discovered and the scope of p53-mediated anti-tumor activity is largely expanded. Here, we review the complexity of different layers of p53 regulation, and the recent advance of the p53 pathway in metabolism, ferroptosis, immunity, and others that contribute to tumor suppression. We also discuss the challenge regarding how to activate p53 function specifically effective in inhibiting tumor growth without harming normal homeostasis for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhenyi Su
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omid Tavana
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Hong J, Sim D, Lee BH, Sarangthem V, Park RW. Multifunctional elastin-like polypeptide nanocarriers for efficient miRNA delivery in cancer therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:293. [PMID: 38802812 PMCID: PMC11131307 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exogenous delivery of miRNA to mimic and restore miRNA-34a activity in various cancer models holds significant promise in cancer treatment. Nevertheless, its effectiveness is often impeded by challenges, including a short half-life, propensity for off-target accumulation, susceptibility to inactivation by blood-based enzymes, concerns regarding patient safety, and the substantial cost associated with scaling up. As a means of overcoming these barriers, we propose the development of miRNA-loaded Tat-A86 nanoparticles by virtue of Tat-A86's ability to shield the loaded agent from external environmental factors, reducing degradation and inactivation, while enhancing circulation time and targeted accumulation. RESULTS Genetically engineered Tat-A86, featuring 16 copies of the interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R)-binding peptide (AP1), Tat for tumor penetration, and an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) for presenting target ligands and ensuring stability, served as the basis for this delivery system. Comparative groups, including Tat-E60 and A86, were employed to discern differences in binding and penetration. The designed ELP-based nanoparticle Tat-A86 effectively condensed miRNA, forming stable nanocomplexes under physiological conditions. The miRNA/Tat-A86 formulation bound specifically to tumor cells and facilitated stable miRNA delivery into them, effectively inhibiting tumor growth. The efficacy of miRNA/Tat-A86 was further evaluated using three-dimensional spheroids of lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) as in vitro model and LLC tumor-bearing mice as an in vivo model. It was found that miRNA/Tat-A86 facilitates effective cell killing by markedly improving miRNA penetration, leading to a substantial reduction in the size of LLC spheroids. Compared to other controls, Tat-A86 demonstrated superior efficacy in suppressing the growth of 3D cellular aggregates. Moreover, at equivalent doses, miRNA-34a delivered by Tat-A86 inhibited the growth of LLC cells in allograft mice. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these studies demonstrate that Tat-A86 nanoparticles can deliver miRNA systemically, overcoming the basic hurdles impeding miRNA delivery by facilitating both miRNA uptake and stability, ultimately leading to improved therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisan Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Sim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Heon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijaya Sarangthem
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Rang-Woon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Zhang S, Song L, Zheng R, Zhang F, Wang Q, Mao X, Fan JX, Liu B, Zhao YD, Chen W. Quantification of MicroRNA in a Single Living Cell via Ionic Current Rectification-Based Nanopore for Triple Negative Breast Cancer Diagnosis. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7411-7420. [PMID: 38652893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Accurate analysis of microRNAs (miRNAs) at the single-cell level is extremely important for deeply understanding their multiple and intricate biological functions. Despite some advancements in analyzing single-cell miRNAs, challenges such as intracellular interferences and insufficient detection limits still remain. In this work, an ultrasensitive nanopore sensor for quantitative single-cell miRNA-155 detection is constructed based on ionic current rectification (ICR) coupled with enzyme-free catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA). Benefiting from the enzyme-free CHA amplification strategy, the detection limit of the nanopore sensor for miRNA-155 reaches 10 fM and the nanopore sensor is more adaptable to complex intracellular environments. With the nanopore sensor, the concentration of miRNA-155 in living single cells is quantified to realize the early diagnosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Furthermore, the nanopore sensor can be applied in screening anticancer drugs by tracking the expression level of miRNA-155. This work provides an adaptive and universal method for quantitatively analyzing intracellular miRNAs, which will greatly improve our understanding of cell heterogeneity and provide a more reliable scientific basis for exploring major diseases at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Laibo Song
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ruina Zheng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Qimeng Wang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosui Mao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Xuan Fan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Di Zhao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics (HUST), Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
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9
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Gao W, Zhou J, Morshedi M. MicroRNA-34 and gastrointestinal cancers: a player with big functions. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:163. [PMID: 38725047 PMCID: PMC11084024 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03338-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
It is commonly assumed that gastrointestinal cancer is the most common form of cancer across the globe and is the leading contributor to cancer-related death. The intricate mechanisms underlying the growth of GI cancers have been identified. It is worth mentioning that both non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and certain types of RNA, such as circular RNAs (circRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs), can have considerable impact on the development of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. As a tumour suppressor, in the group of short non-coding regulatory RNAs is miR-34a. miR-34a silences multiple proto-oncogenes at the post-transcriptional stage by targeting them, which inhibits all physiologically relevant cell proliferation pathways. However, it has been discovered that deregulation of miR-34a plays important roles in the growth of tumors and the development of cancer, including invasion, metastasis, and the tumor-associated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Further understanding of miR-34a's molecular pathways in cancer is also necessary for the development of precise diagnoses and effective treatments. We outlined the most recent research on miR-34a functions in GI cancers in this review. Additionally, we emphasize the significance of exosomal miR-34 in gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Mohammadamin Morshedi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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10
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Rashid G, Khan NA, Elsori D, Youness RA, Hassan H, Siwan D, Seth N, Kamal MA, Rizvi S, Babker AM, Hafez W. miRNA expression in PCOS: unveiling a paradigm shift toward biomarker discovery. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:1707-1723. [PMID: 38316651 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder that affects a substantial percentage of women, estimated at around 9-21%. This condition can lead to anovulatory infertility in women of childbearing age and is often accompanied by various metabolic disturbances, including hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, obesity, type-2 diabetes, and elevated cholesterol levels. The development of PCOS is influenced by a combination of epigenetic alterations, genetic mutations, and changes in the expression of non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs). MicroRNAs, commonly referred to as non-coding RNAs, are approximately 22 nucleotides in length and primarily function in post-transcriptional gene regulation, facilitating mRNA degradation and repressing translation. Their dynamic expression in different cells and tissues contributes to the regulation of various biological and cellular pathways. As a result, they have become pivotal biomarkers for various diseases, including PCOS, demonstrating intricate associations with diverse health conditions. The aberrant expression of miRNAs has been detected in the serum of women with PCOS, with overexpression and dysregulation of these miRNAs playing a central role in the atypical expression of endocrine hormones linked to PCOS. This review takes a comprehensive approach to explore the upregulation and downregulation of various miRNAs present in ovarian follicular cells, granulosa cells, and theca cells of women diagnosed with PCOS. Furthermore, it discusses the potential for a theragnostic approach using miRNAs to better understand and manage PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowhar Rashid
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, India.
| | - Nihad Ashraf Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi, 110025, India
| | | | - Rana A Youness
- Biology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Homa Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepali Siwan
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Namrata Seth
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Science and Technology, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saliha Rizvi
- Department of Biotechnology, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Asaad Ma Babker
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael Hafez
- The Medical Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Prykhozhij SV, Ban K, Brown ZL, Kobar K, Wajnberg G, Fuller C, Chacko S, Lacroix J, Crapoulet N, Midgen C, Shlien A, Malkin D, Berman JN. miR-34a is a tumor suppressor in zebrafish and its expression levels impact metabolism, hematopoiesis and DNA damage. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011290. [PMID: 38805544 PMCID: PMC11166285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Li-Fraumeni syndrome is caused by inherited TP53 tumor suppressor gene mutations. MicroRNA miR-34a is a p53 target and modifier gene. Interestingly, miR-34 triple-null mice exhibit normal p53 responses and no overt cancer development, but the lack of miR-34 promotes tumorigenesis in cancer-susceptible backgrounds. miR-34 genes are highly conserved and syntenic between zebrafish and humans. Zebrafish miR-34a and miR-34b/c have similar expression timing in development, but miR-34a is more abundant. DNA damage by camptothecin led to p53-dependent induction of miR-34 genes, while miR-34a mutants were adult-viable and had normal DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Nevertheless, miR-34a-/- compound mutants with a gain-of-function tp53R217H/ R217H or tp53-/- mutants were more cancer-prone than tp53 mutants alone, confirming the tumor-suppressive function of miR-34a. Through transcriptomic comparisons at 28 hours post-fertilization (hpf), we characterized DNA damage-induced transcription, and at 8, 28 and 72 hpf we determined potential miR-34a-regulated genes. At 72 hpf, loss of miR-34a enhanced erythrocyte levels and up-regulated myb-positive hematopoietic stem cells. Overexpression of miR-34a suppressed its reporter mRNA, but not p53 target induction, and sensitized injected embryos to camptothecin but not to γ-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Prykhozhij
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Ban
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zane L. Brown
- Dalhousie University Medical School, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kim Kobar
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabriel Wajnberg
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Pavillon Hôtel-Dieu, 35 Providence Street, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Charlotte Fuller
- HHS McMaster University Medical Centre, Division of Medical Microbiology, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simi Chacko
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Pavillon Hôtel-Dieu, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jacynthe Lacroix
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Pavillon Hôtel-Dieu, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Nicolas Crapoulet
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Pavillon Hôtel-Dieu, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Craig Midgen
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Adam Shlien
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason N. Berman
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Li W(J, Wang Y, Liu X, Wu S, Wang M, Turowski SG, Spernyak JA, Tracz A, Abdelaal AM, Sudarshan K, Puzanov I, Chatta G, Kasinski AL, Tang DG. Developing Folate-Conjugated miR-34a Therapeutic for Prostate Cancer: Challenges and Promises. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2123. [PMID: 38396800 PMCID: PMC10888849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a common cancer with high mortality in men due to its heterogeneity and the emergence of drug resistance. A critical factor contributing to its lethality is the presence of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs), which can self-renew, long-term propagate tumors, and mediate treatment resistance. MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a) has shown promise as an anti-PCSC therapeutic by targeting critical molecules involved in cancer stem cell (CSC) survival and functions. Despite extensive efforts, the development of miR-34a therapeutics still faces challenges, including non-specific delivery and delivery-associated toxicity. One emerging delivery approach is ligand-mediated conjugation, aiming to achieve specific delivery of miR-34a to cancer cells, thereby enhancing efficacy while minimizing toxicity. Folate-conjugated miR-34a (folate-miR-34a) has demonstrated promising anti-tumor efficacy in breast and lung cancers by targeting folate receptor α (FOLR1). Here, we first show that miR-34a, a TP53 transcriptional target, is reduced in PCa that harbors TP53 loss or mutations and that miR-34a mimic, when transfected into PCa cells, downregulated multiple miR-34a targets and inhibited cell growth. When exploring the therapeutic potential of folate-miR-34a, we found that folate-miR-34a exhibited impressive inhibitory effects on breast, ovarian, and cervical cancer cells but showed minimal effects on and targeted delivery to PCa cells due to a lack of appreciable expression of FOLR1 in PCa cells. Folate-miR-34a also did not display any apparent effect on PCa cells expressing prostate-specific membrane antigen (PMSA) despite the reported folate's binding capability to PSMA. These results highlight challenges in the specific delivery of folate-miR-34a to PCa due to a lack of target (receptor) expression. Our study offers novel insights into the challenges and promises within the field and casts light on the development of ligand-conjugated miR-34a therapeutics for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen (Jess) Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (M.W.)
- Experimental Therapeutics (ET) Graduate Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center and the University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Xiaozhuo Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Shan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Moyi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Steven G. Turowski
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Joseph A. Spernyak
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Amanda Tracz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Ahmed M. Abdelaal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kasireddy Sudarshan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Igor Puzanov
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Gurkamal Chatta
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Andrea L. Kasinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Dean G. Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (S.W.); (M.W.)
- Experimental Therapeutics (ET) Graduate Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center and the University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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13
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Li WJ, Wang Y, Liu X, Wu S, Wang M, Turowski SG, Spernyak JA, Tracz A, Abdelaal AM, Sudarshan K, Puzanov I, Chatta G, Kasinski AL, Tang DG. Developing folate-conjugated miR-34a therapeutic for prostate cancer treatment: Challenges and promises. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.25.568612. [PMID: 38045265 PMCID: PMC10690264 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.25.568612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a common cancer with high mortality in men due to its heterogeneity and the emergence of drug resistance. A critical factor contributing to its lethality is the presence of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs), which can self-renew, long-term propagate tumors and mediate treatment resistance. MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a) has shown promise as an anti-PCSC therapeutic by targeting critical molecules involved in cancer stem cell (CSC) survival and functions. Despite extensive efforts, the development of miR-34a therapeutics still faces challenges, including non-specific delivery and delivery-associated toxicity. One emerging delivery approach is ligand-mediated conjugation, aiming to achieve specific delivery of miR-34a to cancer cells, thereby enhancing efficacy while minimizing toxicity. Folate-conjugated miR-34a (folate-miR-34a) has demonstrated promising anti-tumor efficacy in breast and lung cancers by targeting folate receptor α (FOLR1). Here, we first show that miR-34a, a TP53 transcriptional target, is reduced in PCa that harbors TP53 loss or mutations and that miR-34a mimic, when transfected into PCa cells, downregulated multiple miR-34a targets and inhibited cell growth. When exploring the therapeutic potential of folate-miR-34a, we found that folate-miR-34a exhibited impressive inhibitory effects on breast, ovarian and cervical cancer cells but showed minimal effects on and targeted delivery to PCa cells due to a lack of appreciable expression of FOLR1 in PCa cells. Folate-miR-34a also did not display any apparent effect on PCa cells expressing prostate-specific membrane antigen (PMSA) despite the reported folate's binding capability to PSMA. These results highlight challenges in specific delivery of folate-miR-34a to PCa due to lack of target (receptor) expression. Our study offers novel insights on the challenges and promises within the field and cast light on the development of ligand-conjugated miR-34a therapeutics for PCa.
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14
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Chelegahi AM, Ebrahimi SO, Reiisi S, Nezamnia M. A glance into the roles of microRNAs (exosomal and non-exosomal) in polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2024; 67:30-48. [PMID: 38050353 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.23193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. The clinical symptoms include hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and multiple ovarian cysts. PCOS is strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of short non-coding RNAs that play a role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and translational inhibition. They play a vital role in the regulation of multiple metabolic and hormonal processes as well as in oocyte maturation and folliculogenesis in the female reproductive system. miRNAs can be used as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets because of their stability. The encapsulation of miRNAs in extracellular vesicles or exosomes contributes to their stability. Exosomes are constantly secreted by many cells and size of about 30 to 150 nm. Enveloping miRNAs exosomes can release them for cellular communication. The induced transfer of miRNAs by exosomes is a novel process of genetic exchange between cells. Many studies have shown that along with non-exosomal miRNAs, different types of exosomal miRNAs derived from the serum and follicular fluid can play an essential role in PCOS pathogenesis. These miRNAs are involved in follicular development and various functions in granulosa cells, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and follicular atresia. The present study aimed to comprehensively review the evidence on miRNAs and their affected pathways under both non-exosomal and exosomal circumstances, primarily focusing on the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Masoudi Chelegahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Omar Ebrahimi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Somayeh Reiisi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maria Nezamnia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
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15
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Tamkeen N, Farooqui A, Alam A, Najma, Tazyeen S, Ahmad MM, Ahmad N, Ishrat R. Identification of common candidate genes and pathways for Spina Bifida and Wilm's Tumor using an integrative bioinformatics analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:977-992. [PMID: 37051780 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2199080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Spina Bifida (SB) and Wilm's Tumor (WT) are conditions, both associated with children. Several studies have shown that WT later develops in SB patients, which led us to elucidate common key genes and linked pathways of both conditions, aimed at their concurrent therapeutic management. For this, integrated bioinformatics analysis was employed. A comprehensive manual curation of genes identified 133 and 139 genes associated with SB and WT, respectively, which were used to construct a single protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Topological parameters analysis of the network showed its scale-free and hierarchical nature. Centrality-based analysis of the network identified 116 hubs, of which, 6 were called the key genes attributed to being common between SB and WT besides being the hubs. Gene enrichment analysis of the 5 most essential modules, identified important biological processes and pathways possibly linking SB to WT. Additionally, miRNA-key gene-transcription factor (TF) regulatory network elucidated a few important miRNAs and TFs that regulate our key genes. In closing, we put forward TP53, DICER1, NCAM1, PAX3, PTCH1, MTHFR; hsa-mir-107, hsa-mir-137, hsa-mir-122, hsa-let-7d; and YY1, SOX4, MYC, STAT3; key genes, miRNAs and TFs, respectively, as the key regulators. Further, MD simulation studies of wild and Glu429Ala forms of MTHFR proteins showed that there is a slight change in MTHFR protein structure due to Glu429Ala polymorphism. We anticipate that the interplay of these three entities will be an interesting area of research to explore the regulatory mechanism of SB and WT and may serve as candidate target molecules to diagnose, monitor, and treat SB and WT, parallelly.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naaila Tamkeen
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Anam Farooqui
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Aftab Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Najma
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Safia Tazyeen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Murshad Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Nadeem Ahmad
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Romana Ishrat
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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16
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Ramazi S, Daddzadi M, Sahafnejad Z, Allahverdi A. Epigenetic regulation in lung cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e401. [PMID: 37901797 PMCID: PMC10600507 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is indeed a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The development of tumors involves a complex interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation (DNAm), histone modifications, and microRNA expression, play a crucial role in this process. Changes in DNAm patterns can lead to the silencing of important genes involved in cellular functions, contributing to the development and progression of lung cancer. MicroRNAs and exosomes have also emerged as reliable biomarkers for lung cancer. They can provide valuable information about early diagnosis and treatment assessment. In particular, abnormal hypermethylation of gene promoters and its effects on tumorigenesis, as well as its roles in the Wnt signaling pathway, have been extensively studied. Epigenetic drugs have shown promise in the treatment of lung cancer. These drugs target the aberrant epigenetic modifications that are involved in the development and progression of the disease. Several factors have been identified as drug targets in non-small cell lung cancer. Recently, combination therapy has been discussed as a successful strategy for overcoming drug resistance. Overall, understanding the role of epigenetic mechanisms and their targeting through drugs is an important area of research in lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Ramazi
- Department of BiophysicsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Meadeh Daddzadi
- Department of BiotechnologyFaculty of Advanced Science and TechnologyTehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Zahra Sahafnejad
- Department of BiophysicsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Abdollah Allahverdi
- Department of BiophysicsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
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17
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Yang Z, Wei X, Ji C, Ren X, Su W, Wang Y, Zhou J, Zhao Z, Zhou P, Zhao K, Yao B, Song N, Qin C. OGT/HIF-2α axis promotes the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and regulates its sensitivity to ferroptosis. iScience 2023; 26:108148. [PMID: 37915611 PMCID: PMC10616330 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) acts in the development of various cancers, but its role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. In this study, we found that OGT was upregulated in ccRCC and this upregulation was associated with a worse survival. Moreover, OGT promoted the proliferation, clone formation, and invasion of VHL-mutated ccRCC cells. Mechanistically, OGT increased the protein level of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) (the main driver of the clear cell phenotype) by repressing ubiquitin‒proteasome system-mediated degradation. Interestingly, the OGT/HIF-2α axis conferred ccRCC a high sensitivity to ferroptosis. In conclusion, OGT promotes the progression of VHL-mutated ccRCC by inhibiting the degradation of HIF-2α, and agents that can modulate the OGT/HIF-2α axis may exert therapeutic effects on mutated VHL ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yang
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyi Wei
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chengjian Ji
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaohan Ren
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichun Wang
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jingwan Zhou
- National Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- National Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- National Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kejie Zhao
- National Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Yao
- National Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ninghong Song
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Qin
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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18
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Fadaka AO, Akinsoji T, Klein A, Madiehe AM, Meyer M, Keyster M, Sikhwivhilu LM, Sibuyi NRS. Stage-specific treatment of colorectal cancer: A microRNA-nanocomposite approach. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1235-1251. [PMID: 38174117 PMCID: PMC10759263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the leading causes of cancer mortality. The lifetime risk of developing CRC is about 5% in adult males and females. CRC is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, and at this point therapy has a limited impact on cure rates and long-term survival. Novel and/or improved CRC therapeutic options are needed. The involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer development has been reported, and their regulation in many oncogenic pathways suggests their potent tumor suppressor action. Although miRNAs provide a promising therapeutic approach for cancer, challenges such as biodegradation, specificity, stability and toxicity, impede their progression into clinical trials. Nanotechnology strategies offer diverse advantages for the use of miRNAs for CRC-targeted delivery and therapy. The merits of using nanocarriers for targeted delivery of miRNA-formulations are presented herein to highlight the role they can play in miRNA-based CRC therapy by targeting different stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Taiwo Akinsoji
- School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Abram Madimabe Madiehe
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
- Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Mervin Meyer
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Lucky Mashudu Sikhwivhilu
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Johannesburg, 2125, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Nicole Remaliah Samantha Sibuyi
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Johannesburg, 2125, South Africa
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19
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Li Q, Zhang Q. MiR-34a and endothelial biology. Life Sci 2023; 330:121976. [PMID: 37495076 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous ∼22 nt long RNAs that play important gene-regulatory roles in cells by pairing to the mRNAs of protein-coding genes to direct their posttranscriptional repression. Many miRNAs have been identified in endothelial cells and play important roles in endothelial biology. miR-34a is relatively early identified in endothelial cells and has been involved in regulating endothelial functions, angiogenesis, differentiation, senescence, inflammatory response, responses to shear stress, and mitochondrial function. This review outlines the current understanding of miR-34a in endothelial biology and discusses its potential as a therapeutic target to treat vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine and UCLA Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Quanjiang Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine and UCLA Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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20
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Sun H, Kemper JK. MicroRNA regulation of AMPK in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1974-1981. [PMID: 37653034 PMCID: PMC10545736 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease and is the leading cause of liver failure and death. The function of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master energy sensor, is aberrantly reduced in NAFLD, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Increasing evidence indicates that aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRs) are associated with impaired AMPK function in obesity and NAFLD. In this review, we discuss the emerging evidence that miRs have a role in reducing AMPK activity in NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a severe form of NAFLD. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms of the aberrant expression of miRs that can negatively impact AMPK, as well as the therapeutic potential of targeting the miR-AMPK pathway for NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jongsook Kim Kemper
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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21
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Kan Changez MI, Mubeen M, Zehra M, Samnani I, Abdul Rasool A, Mohan A, Wara UU, Tejwaney U, Kumar V. Role of microRNA in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a comprehensive review. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231197058. [PMID: 37676968 PMCID: PMC10492500 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231197058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent liver condition that affects people who do not overconsume alcohol. Uncertainties exist over how microRNAs (miRNAs) in the blood and liver relate to NAFLD. The aim of this narrative review was to investigate the role of miRNAs in the onset and progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from NAFLD, and explore their potential as diagnostic tools and treatment targets for NAFLD patients. Liver miRNA-34a levels were found to accurately represent the degree of liver damage, with lower levels suggesting more damage. In patients with NAFLD and severe liver fibrosis, higher levels of miRNA-193a-5p and miRNA-378d were found. Moreover, miRNA-34a, miRNA-122, and miRNA-192 levels might aid in differentiating NASH from NAFLD. Similar to this, miRNA-21 and miRNA-27 levels in rats were able to distinguish between steatosis and steatohepatitis. High-fat diets enhanced the expression of 15 distinct miRNAs in rats, and there were substantial differences in the miRNA expression patterns between obese and lean people. The results from the present review imply that miRNA microarrays and sequencing may be helpful diagnostic tools, and miRNAs may be a possible treatment target for patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mah I Kan Changez
- Department of Medicine, Quetta Institute of Medical Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Mubeen
- Department of Medicine, Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Monezahe Zehra
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Inara Samnani
- Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Anmol Mohan
- Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Um Ul Wara
- Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Usha Tejwaney
- Department of Pharmacy, Valley Health System, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, New York City, NY, USA
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22
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Yang Z, Su W, Wei X, Qu S, Zhao D, Zhou J, Wang Y, Guan Q, Qin C, Xiang J, Zen K, Yao B. HIF-1α drives resistance to ferroptosis in solid tumors by promoting lactate production and activating SLC1A1. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112945. [PMID: 37542723 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors have developed robust ferroptosis resistance. The mechanism underlying ferroptosis resistance regulation in solid tumors, however, remains elusive. Here, we report that the hypoxic tumor microenvironment potently promotes ferroptosis resistance in solid tumors in a hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-dependent manner. In combination with HIF-2α, which promotes tumor ferroptosis under hypoxia, HIF-1α is the main driver of hypoxia-induced ferroptosis resistance. Mechanistically, HIF-1α-induced lactate contributes to ferroptosis resistance in a pH-dependent manner that is parallel to the classical SLC7A11 and FSP1 systems. In addition, HIF-1α also enhances transcription of SLC1A1, an important glutamate transporter, and promotes cystine uptake to promote ferroptosis resistance. In support of the role of hypoxia in ferroptosis resistance, silencing HIF-1α sensitizes mouse solid tumors to ferroptosis inducers. In conclusion, our results reveal a mechanism by which hypoxia drives ferroptosis resistance and identify the combination of hypoxia alleviation and ferroptosis induction as a promising therapeutic strategy for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yang
- National Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyi Wei
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Qu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwan Zhou
- National Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunjun Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Guan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Qin
- The State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Bing Yao
- National Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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23
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Khan MJ, Singh P, Jha P, Nayek A, Malik MZ, Bagler G, Kumar B, Ponnusamy K, Ali S, Chopra M, Dohare R, Singh IK, Syed MA. Investigating the link between miR-34a-5p and TLR6 signaling in sepsis-induced ARDS. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:282. [PMID: 37496978 PMCID: PMC10366072 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03700-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are lung complications diagnosed by impaired gaseous exchanges leading to mortality. From the diverse etiologies, sepsis is a prominent contributor to ALI/ARDS. In the present study, we retrieved sepsis-induced ARDS mRNA expression profile and identified 883 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Next, we established an ARDS-specific weighted gene co-expression network (WGCN) and picked the blue module as our hub module based on highly correlated network properties. Later we subjected all hub module DEGs to form an ARDS-specific 3-node feed-forward loop (FFL) whose highest-order subnetwork motif revealed one TF (STAT6), one miRNA (miR-34a-5p), and one mRNA (TLR6). Thereafter, we screened a natural product library and identified three lead molecules that showed promising binding affinity against TLR6. We then performed molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate the stability and binding free energy of the TLR6-lead molecule complexes. Our results suggest these lead molecules may be potential therapeutic candidates for treating sepsis-induced ALI/ARDS. In-silico studies on clinical datasets for sepsis-induced ARDS indicate a possible positive interaction between miR-34a and TLR6 and an antagonizing effect on STAT6 to promote inflammation. Also, the translational study on septic mice lungs by IHC staining reveals a hike in the expression of TLR6. We report here that miR-34a actively augments the effect of sepsis on lung epithelial cell apoptosis. This study suggests that miR-34a promotes TLR6 to heighten inflammation in sepsis-induced ALI/ARDS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03700-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Junaid Khan
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Prithvi Singh
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Prakash Jha
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Anticancer Drug Development, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Arnab Nayek
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Md. Zubbair Malik
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, 15462 Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ganesh Bagler
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, 110020 India
| | - Bhupender Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110036 India
| | - Kalaiarasan Ponnusamy
- Biotechnology and Viral Hepatitis Division, National Centre for Disease Control, Sham Nath Marg, New Delhi, 110054 India
| | - Shakir Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062 India
| | - Madhu Chopra
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Anticancer Drug Development, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Ravins Dohare
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Indrakant Kumar Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019 India
- DBC i4 Center, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019 India
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
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24
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Otsuka K, Nishiyama H, Kuriki D, Kawada N, Ochiya T. Connecting the dots in the associations between diet, obesity, cancer, and microRNAs. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 93:52-69. [PMID: 37156343 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has reached pandemic levels worldwide, leading to a lower quality of life and higher health costs. Obesity is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases, including cancer, although obesity is one of the major preventable causes of cancer. Lifestyle factors, such as dietary quality and patterns, are also closely related to the onset and development of obesity and cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying the complex association between diet, obesity, and cancer remain unclear. In the past few decades, microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, have been demonstrated to play critical roles in biological processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation, and metabolism, highlighting their importance in disease development and suppression and as therapeutic targets. miRNA expression levels can be modulated by diet and are involved in cancer and obesity-related diseases. Circulating miRNAs can also mediate cell-to-cell communications. These multiple aspects of miRNAs present challenges in understanding and integrating their mechanism of action. Here, we introduce a general consideration of the associations between diet, obesity, and cancer and review the current knowledge of the molecular functions of miRNA in each context. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between diet, obesity, and cancer could be valuable for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurataka Otsuka
- Tokyo NODAI Research Institure, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, 2-5-7, Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan; Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjyuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nishiyama
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, 2-5-7, Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuriki
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, 2-5-7, Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawada
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, 2-5-7, Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjyuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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25
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Mortezagholi B, Nasiri K, Movahed E, Dadgar E, Nejati ST, Hassani P, Esfahaniani M, Rafieyan S. MiR-34 by targeting p53 induces apoptosis and DNA damage in paclitaxel-resistant human oral squamous carcinoma cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:285-291. [PMID: 37060268 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-34 (miR-34) is one the most important tumor suppressor miRNAs involving in the various aspects of oral cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of miR-34 restoration in OECM-1 oral cancer resistant to paclitaxel (OECM-1/PTX) and its underlying mechanisms through p53-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis. OECM-1 and OECM-1/PTX were transfected with miR-34 mimic and inhibitor. Cellular proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated through MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of p53, p-glycoprotein (P-gp), ATM, ATR, CHK1, and CHK2 were assessed through qRT-PCR and western blotting. Rhodamin123 uptake assay was used to measure the P-gp activities. P53 expression was also suppressed by sing a siRNA transfection of cells. The expression levels of miR-34 were downregulated in OECM-1/PTX. Restoration of miR-34 led to increase in cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel in cells. In addition, the expression levels and activities of P-gp were reduced following miR-34 transfection. miR-34 transfection upregulated the p53, ATM, ATR, CHK1, and CHK2 expression levels in OECM-1/PTX cells. Furthermore, cells transfected with miR-34 showed higher levels of apoptosis. miR-34 restoration reverses paclitaxel resistance in OECM-1 oral cancer. The chemosensitive effects of miR-34 is mediated through increasing DNA damage and apoptosis in a p53 depended manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bardia Mortezagholi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Nasiri
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emad Movahed
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Dental Materials Research Center, Dental School, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeel Dadgar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Pardis Hassani
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahla Esfahaniani
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sona Rafieyan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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26
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Vu T, Fowler A, McCarty N. Comprehensive Analysis of the Prognostic Significance of the TRIM Family in the Context of TP53 Mutations in Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3792. [PMID: 37568609 PMCID: PMC10417774 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is an important tumor suppressor, and TP53 mutations are frequently associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. Mutations in TP53 result in a loss of p53 function and enhanced expression of cell cycle genes, contributing to the development and progression of cancer. Meanwhile, several tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are known to regulate cell growth and cell cycle transition. However, the prognostic values between TP53 and TRIM family genes in cancer are unknown. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between the TP53 mutations and TRIM family proteins and evaluated the prognostic significance of TRIM family proteins in cancer patients with P53 mutations. Our findings identified specific TRIM family members that are upregulated in TP53 mutant tumors and are associated with the activation of genes related to a cell-cycle progression in the context of TP53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Vu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Disease, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), The University of Texas-Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Annaliese Fowler
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering at Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Nami McCarty
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering at Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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27
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Firouzjaei AA, Sharifi K, Khazaei M, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH. Screening and introduction of key cell cycle microRNAs deregulated in colorectal cancer by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:137-152. [PMID: 37081586 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in women and the third most common in men worldwide. Impaired cell cycle regulation leads to many cancers and is also approved in CRC. Therefore, cell cycle regulation is a critical therapeutic target for CRC. Furthermore, miRNAs have been discovered as regulators in a variety of cancer-related pathways. This study is designed to investigate how miRNAs and mRNAs interact to regulate the cell cycle in CRC patients. Utilizing the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), cell cycle-associated genes were identified and evaluated. Seven of the 22 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) implicated in the cell cycle in three GSEs (GSE24514, GSE10950, and GSE74604) were identified as potential therapeutic targets. Then, using PyRx software, we performed docking proteins with selected drugs. The results demonstrated that these drugs are appropriate molecules for targeting cell cycle DEGs. Tarbase, miRTarbase, miRDIP, and miRCancer databases were used to find miRNAs that target the indicated genes. The ability of these six miRNAs to impact the cell cycle in colorectal cancer may be concluded. These miRNAs were found to be downregulated in SW480 cells when compared to the normal tissue. Our data imply that a precise selection of bioinformatics tools can facilitate the identification of miRNAs that impact mRNA translation at different stages of the cell cycle. The candidates can be investigated more as targets for cell cycle arrest in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmadizad Firouzjaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Sharifi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Aghaee-Bakhtiari
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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28
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Furci F, Allegra A, Tonacci A, Isola S, Senna G, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. Air Pollution and microRNAs: The Role of Association in Airway Inflammation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1375. [PMID: 37374157 DOI: 10.3390/life13061375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution exposure plays a key role in the alteration of gene expression profiles, which can be regulated by microRNAs, inducing the development of various diseases. Moreover, there is also evidence of sensitivity of miRNAs to environmental factors, including tobacco smoke. Various diseases are related to specific microRNA signatures, suggesting their potential role in pathophysiological processes; considering their association with environmental pollutants, they could become novel biomarkers of exposure. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to analyse data reported in the literature on the role of environmental stressors on microRNA alterations and, in particular, to identify specific alterations that might be related to the development of airway diseases so as to propose future preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Furci
- Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, Verona University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Isola
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Gianenrico Senna
- Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, Verona University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Verona University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
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29
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Choudhary HB, Mandlik SK, Mandlik DS. Role of p53 suppression in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2023; 14:46-70. [PMID: 37304923 PMCID: PMC10251250 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v14.i3.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the world, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the top 10 most prevalent malignancies. HCC formation has indeed been linked to numerous etiological factors, including alcohol usage, hepatitis viruses and liver cirrhosis. Among the most prevalent defects in a wide range of tumours, notably HCC, is the silencing of the p53 tumour suppressor gene. The control of the cell cycle and the preservation of gene function are both critically important functions of p53. In order to pinpoint the core mechanisms of HCC and find more efficient treatments, molecular research employing HCC tissues has been the main focus. Stimulated p53 triggers necessary reactions that achieve cell cycle arrest, genetic stability, DNA repair and the elimination of DNA-damaged cells’ responses to biological stressors (like oncogenes or DNA damage). To the contrary hand, the oncogene protein of the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is a significant biological inhibitor of p53. MDM2 causes p53 protein degradation, which in turn adversely controls p53 function. Despite carrying wt-p53, the majority of HCCs show abnormalities in the p53-expressed apoptotic pathway. High p53 in-vivo expression might have two clinical impacts on HCC: (1) Increased levels of exogenous p53 protein cause tumour cells to undergo apoptosis by preventing cell growth through a number of biological pathways; and (2) Exogenous p53 makes HCC susceptible to various anticancer drugs. This review describes the functions and primary mechanisms of p53 in pathological mechanism, chemoresistance and therapeutic mechanisms of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena B Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, BVDU, Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish K Mandlik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, BVDU, Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepa S Mandlik
- Department of Pharmacology, BVDU, Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
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30
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Iqbal MJ, Javed Z, Sadia H, Mehmood S, Akbar A, Zahid B, Nadeem T, Roshan S, Varoni EM, Iriti M, Gürer ES, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D. Targeted therapy using nanocomposite delivery systems in cancer treatment: highlighting miR34a regulation for clinical applications. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:84. [PMID: 37149609 PMCID: PMC10164299 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of microRNAs in modern therapeutics holds great promise to uncover molecular limitations and conquer the unbeatable castle of cancer metastasis. miRNAs play a decisive role that regulating gene expression at the post-transcription level while controlling both the stability and translation capacity of mRNAs. Specifically, miR34a is a master regulator of the tumor suppressor gene, cancer progression, stemness, and drug resistance at the cell level in p53-dependent and independent signaling. With changing, trends in nanotechnology, in particular with the revolution in the field of nanomedicine, nano drug delivery systems have emerged as a prominent strategy in clinical practices coupled with miR34a delivery. Recently, it has been observed that forced miR34a expression in human cancer cell lines and model organisms limits cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting several signaling cascades, with various studies endorsing that miR34a deregulation in cancer cells modulates apoptosis and thus requires targeted nano-delivery systems for cancer treatment. In this sense, the present review aims to provide an overview of the clinical applications of miR34a regulation in targeted therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeeshan Javed
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Sajid Mehmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Islam Medical and Dental College, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Ali Akbar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan Quetta, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Benish Zahid
- Department of Pathobiology, KBCMA, CVAS, Sub Campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Nadeem
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Roshan
- Department of Zoology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eda Sönmez Gürer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | | | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania.
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Guo QR, Zhou WM, Zhang GB, Deng ZF, Chen XZ, Sun FY, Lei XP, Yan YY, Zhang JY. Jaceosidin inhibits the progression and metastasis of NSCLC by regulating miR-34c-3p/Integrin α2β1 axis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16158. [PMID: 37215793 PMCID: PMC10199265 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs are crucial for cancer progression, among which miR-34c-3p has been demonstrated to be a tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we attempt to identify flavonoids that can up-regulate miR-34c-3p expression, evaluate the anticancer activity of the flavonoids and explore its underlying mechanism in NSCLC cells. Six flavonoids were screened by RT-qPCR and we found that jaceosidin significantly increased miR-34c-3p expression in A549 cells. We found that jaceosidin inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 and H1975 cells in a dose-relevant manner, indicated by cell counting kit (CCK-8) assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay and EdU assay, we observed that jaceosidin inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 and H1975 cells in a dose-relevant manner. Further research suggested that miR-34c-3p bound to the transcriptome of integrin α2β1 and then inhibited its expression, leading to the inhibitory effect on the migration and invasion of NSCLC. Our study sheds some light on anti-tumor of jaceosidin and provides a potential lead compound for NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-ru Guo
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Wen-min Zhou
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Guo-bin Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zhuo-fen Deng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xin-zhu Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Fang-yun Sun
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Xizang Minzu University, 712082, China
| | - Xue-ping Lei
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yan-yan Yan
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, PR China
| | - Jian-ye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
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Verstappe J, Berx G. A role for partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in enabling stemness in homeostasis and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 90:15-28. [PMID: 36773819 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have self-renewal capacities and the ability to give rise to differentiated cells thereby sustaining tissues during homeostasis and injury. This structural hierarchy extends to tumours which harbor stem-like cells deemed cancer stem cells that propagate the tumour and drive metastasis and relapse. The process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which plays an important role in development and cancer cell migration, was shown to be correlated with stemness in both homeostasis and cancer indicating that stemness can be acquired and is not necessarily an intrinsic trait. Nowadays it is experimentally proven that the activation of an EMT program does not necessarily drive cells towards a fully mesenchymal phenotype but rather to hybrid E/M states. This review offers the latest advances in connecting the EMT status and stem-cell state of both non-transformed and cancer cells. Recent literature clearly shows that hybrid EMT states have a higher probability of acquiring stem cell traits. The position of a cell along the EMT-axis which coincides with a stem cell-like state is known as the stemness window. We show how the original EMT-state of a cell dictates the EMT/MET inducing programmes required to reach stemness. Lastly we present the mechanism of stemness regulation and the regulatory feedback loops which position cells at a certain EMT state along the EMT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Verstappe
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Berx
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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Bararia A, Chakraborty P, Roy P, Chattopadhay BK, Das A, Chatterjee A, Sikdar N. Emerging role of non-invasive and liquid biopsy biomarkers in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:2241-2260. [PMID: 37124888 PMCID: PMC10134423 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i15.2241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A global increase in the incidence of pancreatic cancer (PanCa) presents a major concern and health burden. The traditional tissue-based diagnostic techniques provided a major way forward for molecular diagnostics; however, they face limitations based on diagnosis-associated difficulties and concerns surrounding tissue availability in the clinical setting. Late disease development with asymptomatic behavior is a drawback in the case of existing diagnostic procedures. The capability of cell free markers in discriminating PanCa from autoimmune pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis along with other precancerous lesions can be a boon to clinicians. Early-stage diagnosis of PanCa can be achieved only if these biomarkers specifically discriminate the non-carcinogenic disease stage from malignancy with respect to tumor stages. In this review, we comprehensively described the non-invasive disease detection approaches and why these approaches are gaining popularity for their early-stage diagnostic capability and associated clinical feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Bararia
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Prosenjeet Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, SVYASA School of Yoga and Naturopathy, Bangalore 560105, India
| | - Paromita Roy
- Department of Pathology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata 700160, India
| | | | - Amlan Das
- Department of Biochemistry, Royal Global University, Assam 781035, India
| | - Aniruddha Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9061, New Zealand
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Nilabja Sikdar
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, India
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Kong M, Peng Y, Qiu L. Oligochitosan-based nanovesicles for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease treatment via the FXR/miR-34a/SIRT1 regulatory loop. Acta Biomater 2023; 164:435-446. [PMID: 37040811 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently a common chronic liver disease worldwide. By now, however, there isn't any FDA-approved specific drug for NAFLD treatment. It has been noticed that farnesoid X receptor (FXR), miR-34a and Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is related to the occurrence and development of NAFLD. A oligochitosan-derivated nanovesicle (UBC) with esterase responsive degradability was designed to co-encapsulate FXR agonist (obeticholic acid, OCA) and miR-34a antagomir (anta-miR-34a) into the hydrophobic membrane and the center aqueous lumen of nanovesicles, respectively, by dialysis method. The action of UBC/OCA/anta-miR-34a loop on the regulation of lipid deposition via nanovesicles was evaluated on high-fat HepG2 cells and HFD-induced mice. The obtained dual drug-loaded nanovesicles UBC/OCA/anta-miR-34a could enhance the cellular uptake and intracellular release of OCA and anta-miR-34a, leading to the reduced lipid deposition in high-fat HepG2 cells. In NAFLD mice models, UBC/OCA/anta-miR-34a achieved the best curative effect on the recovery of body weight and hepatic function. Meanwhile, in vitro and vivo experiments validated that UBC/OCA/anta-miR-34a effectively activated the expression level of SIRT1 by enhancing the FXR/miR-34a/SIRT1 regulatory loop. This study provides a promising strategy for constructing oligochitosan-derivated nanovesicles to co-deliver OCA and anta-miR-34a for NAFLD treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study proposed a strategy to construct oligochitosan-derivated nanovesicles to co-deliver obeticholic acid and miR-34a antagomir for NAFLD treatment. Based on the FXR/miR-34a/SIRT1 action loop, this nanovesicle effectively exerted a synergetic effect of OCA and anta-miR-34a to significantly regulate lipid deposition and recover liver function in NAFLD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Kong
- Ministry of Educational (MOE) Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Ministry of Educational (MOE) Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Liyan Qiu
- Ministry of Educational (MOE) Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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35
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Estévez-Souto V, Da Silva-Álvarez S, Collado M. The role of extracellular vesicles in cellular senescence. FEBS J 2023; 290:1203-1211. [PMID: 35904466 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that prevents the proliferation of damaged cells, is a very relevant cellular response involved in both physiological and pathological conditions. Even though senescent cells are stably growth arrested, they exhibit a complex and poorly understood secretory phenotype, known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype, composed of soluble proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Extracellular vesicles were initially described as a waste management mechanism to remove damaged components of cellular metabolism, but increasing evidence shows that EVs could also play important roles in intercellular communication. Recently, some studies showed that EVs could have fundamental functions during cellular senescence. Our purpose in this review is to clarify the increasing literature on the role of EVs in cellular senescence as key mediators in cell-to-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentín Estévez-Souto
- Laboratory of Cell Senescence, Cancer and Aging, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Spain
| | - Sabela Da Silva-Álvarez
- Laboratory of Cell Senescence, Cancer and Aging, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Spain
| | - Manuel Collado
- Laboratory of Cell Senescence, Cancer and Aging, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Spain
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36
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miR-34a regulates silent synapse and synaptic plasticity in mature hippocampus. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 222:102404. [PMID: 36642095 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AMPAR-lacking silent synapses are prevailed and essential for synaptic refinement and synaptic plasticity in developing brains. In mature brain, they are sparse but could be induced under several pathological conditions. How they are regulated molecularly is far from clear. miR-34a is a highly conserved and brain-enriched microRNA with age-dependent upregulated expression profile. Its neuronal function in mature brain remains to be revealed. Here by analyzing synaptic properties of the heterozygous miR-34a knock out mice (34a_ht), we have discovered that mature but not juvenile 34a_ht mice have more silent synapses in the hippocampus accompanied with enhanced synaptic NMDAR but not AMPAR function and increased spine density. As a result, 34a_ht mice display enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP) in the Schaffer collateral synapses and better spatial learning and memory. We further found that Creb1 is a direct target of miR-34a, whose upregulation and activation may mediate the silent synapse increment in 34a_ht mice. Hence, we reveal a novel physiological role of miR-34a in mature brains and provide a molecular mechanism underlying silent synapse regulation.
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37
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Rahmani R, Kiani J, Tong WY, Soleimani M, Voelcker NH, Arefian E. Engineered anti-EGFRvIII targeted exosomes induce apoptosis in glioblastoma multiforme. J Drug Target 2023; 31:310-319. [PMID: 36440540 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2152819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The drug delivery for treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has been unsatisfactory mainly due to the drug resistance and low targeting efficiency. The selective targeting of GBM cells and using a cocktail of therapeutic agents to synergistically induce apoptosis may help enhance the drug delivery. METHODS In this study, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were engineered to produce exosomes, i.e. nanosized natural vesicles presenting anti-EGFRvIII (ab139) antibody on their surface while encapsulating two apoptosis-inducing gene therapy agents, i.e. cytosine deaminase (CDA) and miR-34a. Exosomes were characterised for their size, morphology, protein content and markers using dynamic light scattering and nanoparticle tracking analysis, cryo-TEM, Western blotting, respectively. miR-34a overexpression and Lamp2-ab139 protein expression were analysed using real-time PCR and flow cytometry, respectively. The armed exosomes were delivered to EGFRvIII positive GBM cells (U87EGFRvIII) as well as wild type cell line (U87), which was EGFRvIII negative. Apoptosis was quantified using flow cytometry in both EGFRvIII negative and positive U87 cells, receiving one gene therapy agent (either CDA or miR-34a) or a combination of them (CDAmiR). RESULTS Spherical shape exosomes with an average diameter of 110 nm and a membrane thickness of 6.5 nm were isolated from MSCs. Lamp2-ab139 was successfully expressed on the surface of transfected cells and their secreted exosomes. Induced apoptosis rates was significantly higher in U87EGFRvIII cells than for U87 cells, indicating selectivity. The cell death rate was 6%, 9% and 12% in U87, 13%, 21% and 40% in U87EGFRvIII cells for CDA, miR-34a and CDAmiR treatment respectively, showing a higher apoptosis rate in the cells receiving both drugs compared to when single therapy was applied. CONCLUSION The experimental findings clearly show the improved apoptosis rate of GBM cells when treated by engineered exosomes armed with two gene therapy agents and targeted towards EGFRvIII antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Rahmani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University, Parkville Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jafar Kiani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Wing Yin Tong
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University, Parkville Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Hematology Department, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University, Parkville Campus, Victoria, Australia.,The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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38
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Saito S, Ohno SI, Harada Y, Kanno Y, Kuroda M. MiR-34a induces myofibroblast differentiation from renal fibroblasts. Clin Exp Nephrol 2023; 27:411-418. [PMID: 36808381 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-023-02329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis is the common outcome of progressive kidney diseases. To avoid dialysis, the molecular mechanism of renal fibrosis must be explored further. MicroRNAs play key roles in renal fibrosis. MiR-34a is a transcriptional target of p53, which regulates the cell cycle and apoptosis. Previous studies demonstrated that miR-34a promotes renal fibrosis. However, the distinct roles of miR-34a in renal fibrosis have not been fully elucidated. Here, we identified the roles of miR-34a in renal fibrosis. METHOD We first analyzed p53 and miR-34a expression in kidney tissues in s UUO (unilateral ureteral obstruction) mouse model. Then, to confirm the effects of miR-34a in vitro, we transfected a miR-34a mimic into a kidney fibroblast cell line (NRK-49F) and analyzed. RESULTS We found that the expression of p53 and miR-34a was upregulated after UUO. Furthermore, after transfection of the miR-34a mimic into kidney fibroblasts, the expression of α-SMA was upregulated dramatically. In addition, α-SMA upregulation was greater upon transfection of the miR-34a mimic than upon treatment with TGF-β1. Moreover, high expression of Acta2 was maintained despite sufficient removal of the miR-34a mimic by changing the medium 4 times during the 9-day culture. After transfection of the miR-34a mimic into kidney fibroblasts, we did not detect phospho-SMAD2/3 by immunoblotting analysis. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that miR-34a induces myofibroblast differentiation from renal fibroblasts. Moreover, the miR-34a-induced upregulation of α-SMA was independent of the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway. In conclusion, our study indicated that the p53/miR-34a axis promotes the development of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Saito
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Ohno
- Deparatment of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Yuichirou Harada
- Deparatment of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kanno
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kuroda
- Deparatment of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
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Atic AI, Thiele M, Munk A, Dalgaard LT. Circulating miRNAs associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C588-C602. [PMID: 36645666 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00253.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are secreted from cells as either protein-bound or enclosed in extracellular vesicles. Circulating liver-derived miRNAs are modifiable by weight-loss or insulin-sensitizing treatments, indicating that they could be important biomarker candidates for diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis in nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Unfortunately, the noninvasive diagnosis of NASH and fibrosis remains a key challenge, which limits case finding. Current diagnostic guidelines, therefore, recommend liver biopsies, with risks of pain and bleeding for the patient and substantial healthcare costs. Here, we summarize mechanisms of RNA secretion and review circulating RNAs associated with NAFLD and NASH for their biomarker potential. Few circulating miRNAs are consistently associated with NAFLD/NASH: miR-122, miR-21, miR-34a, miR-192, miR-193, and the miR-17-92 miRNA-cluster. The hepatocyte-enriched miRNA-122 is consistently increased in NAFLD and NASH but decreased in liver cirrhosis. Circulating miR-34a, part of an existing diagnostic algorithm for NAFLD, and miR-21 are consistently increased in NAFLD and NASH. MiR-192 appears to be prominently upregulated in NASH compared with NAFDL, whereas miR-193 was reported to distinguish NASH from fibrosis. Various members of miRNA cluster miR-17-92 are reported to be associated with NAFLD and NASH, although with less consistency. Several other circulating miRNAs have been reported to be associated with fatty liver in a few studies, indicating the existence of more circulating miRNAs with relevant as diagnostic markers for NAFLD or NASH. Thus, circulating miRNAs show potential as biomarkers of fatty liver disease, but more information about phenotype specificity and longitudinal regulation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amila Iriskic Atic
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk A/S, Obesity Research, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Maja Thiele
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Liver Research, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Deng S, Wang M, Wang C, Zeng Y, Qin X, Tan Y, Liang B, Cao Y. p53 downregulates PD-L1 expression via miR-34a to inhibit the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells: a potential clinical immunotherapeutic target. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:577-587. [PMID: 36352176 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with other breast cancer subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has poorer responses to therapy and lower overall survival rates. The use of an inhibitor of immune checkpoint programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a promising treatment strategy and is approved for malignant tumors, especially for TNBC. p53 regulates various biological processes, but the association between p53 and immune evasion remains unknown. miR-34a is a known tumor suppressor and p53-regulated miRNA that is downregulated in several cancers; however, it has not been reported in TNBC. Herein, we aimed to explore the regulatory signaling axis among p53, miR-34a and PD-L1 in TNBC cells in vivo and in tissue and to improve our understanding of immunotherapy for TNBC. METHODS AND RESULTS p53-EGFP, p53-siRNA and miR-34a mimics were transfected into TNBC cell lines, and the interaction between miR-34a and PD-L1 was analyzed via dual-luciferase reporter assays. We found that p53 could inhibit the expression of PD-L1 via miR-34a and that miR-34a could inhibit both cell activity and migration and promoted apoptosis and cytotoxicity in TNBC. Furthermore, miR-34a agomir was injected into MDA-MB-231 tumors of nude mice. The results showed that miR-34a could inhibit tumor growth and downregulate the expression of PD-L1 in vivo. A total of 133 TNBC tissue samples were analyzed by immunochemistry; the proportion of positive expression of PD-L1 was 57.14% (76/133), and the proportion of samples with negative expression of PD-L1 was 42.86% (57/133). CONCLUSION Our research may provide a novel potential target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Deng
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong Distinct, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Mengna Wang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong Distinct, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong Distinct, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6 Panxi Seventh Branch Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400021, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong Distinct, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong Distinct, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Tan
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, P.R. China
| | - Bing Liang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong Distinct, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.
| | - Youde Cao
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong Distinct, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.
- Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong Distinct, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.
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41
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Cao M, Peng B, Chen H, Yang M, Chen P, Ye L, Wang H, Ren L, Xie J, Zhu J, Xu X, Xu W, Geng L, Gong S. miR-34a induces neutrophil apoptosis by regulating Cdc42-WASP-Arp2/3 pathway-mediated F-actin remodeling and ROS production. Redox Rep 2022; 27:167-175. [PMID: 35938579 PMCID: PMC9364709 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2022.2102843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The number of neutrophils is significantly reduced in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), but the molecular basis remains unclear. We recently found that miR-34a was significantly increased in MDS neutrophils. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the effects of aberrant miR-34a expression on neutrophil counts. Methods miR-34a mimics/inhibitor transfection were performed in neutrophil-like differentiated HL60 (dHL60) cells, and a FACSCalibur flow cytometer was used to measure ROS production and apoptosis. In addition, the Cdc42-WASP-Arp2/3 pathway inhibitor (ML141) and activator (CN02) treated the dHL60 cells, and then ROS production, apoptosis and related proteins expression were detected. And, luciferase reporter assay to verify the relationship of miR-34a and the Cdc42-WASP-Arp2/3 pathway. Results overexpression of miR-34a could induce ROS production and apoptosis, decrease the expression levels of DOCK8, p-WASP, WASP, Arp2, Arp3, and increase F-actin’s expression. Meanwhile, knockdown of miR-34a could decrease ROS production and apoptosis, increase the expression of DOCK8, p-WASP, WASP, Arp2, Arp3, and decrease F-actin’s expression. Immunofluorescence staining showed aberrant miR-34a and Cdc42-WASP-Arp2/3 pathway could induce F-actin membrane transfer. Luciferase reporter assay indicated that DOCK8 was a direct target gene of miR-34a. Conclusion These data indicates miR-34a may induce neutrophil apoptosis by regulating Cdc42-WASP-Arp2/3 pathway-mediated F-actin remodeling and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiwan Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoling Peng
- Center for child health and mental health, Shenzhen Childen’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiyu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingnan Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangye Xu
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lanlan Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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42
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Rokavec M, Huang Z, Hermeking H. Meta-analysis of miR-34 target mRNAs using an integrative online application. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:267-274. [PMID: 36582442 PMCID: PMC9764205 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the microRNA-34/miR-34 family are induced by the p53 tumor suppressor and themselves possess tumor suppressive properties, as they inhibit the translation of mRNAs that encode proteins involved in processes, such as proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Here we performed a comprehensive integrative meta-analysis of multiple computational and experimental miR-34 related datasets and developed tools to identify and characterize novel miR-34 targets. A miR-34 target probability score was generated for every mRNA to estimate the likelihood of representing a miR-34 target. Experimentally validated miR-34 targets were strongly enriched among mRNAs with the highest scores providing a proof of principle for our analysis. We integrated the results from the meta-analysis in a user-friendly METAmiR34TARGET website (www.metamir34target.com/) that allows to graphically represent the meta-analysis results for every mRNA. Moreover, the website harbors a screen function, which allows to select multiple miR-34-related criteria/analyses and cut-off values to facilitate the stringent and comprehensive prediction of relevant miR-34 targets in expression data obtained from cell lines and tumors/tissues. Furthermore, information on more than 200 miR-34 target mRNAs, that have been experimentally validated so far, has been integrated in the web-tool. The website and datasets provided here should facilitate further investigation into the mechanisms of tumor suppression by the p53/miR-34 connection and identification of potential cancer drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaz Rokavec
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany,Corresponding authors at: Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, D-80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Zekai Huang
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Heiko Hermeking
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Germany,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Corresponding authors at: Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, D-80337 Munich, Germany.
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43
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Han S, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Amevor FK, Tan B, Ma M, Kang H, Wang J, Zhu Q, Yin H, Cui C. MiR-34a-5p promotes autophagy and apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells via the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway by targeting LEF1 in chicken. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102374. [PMID: 36529101 PMCID: PMC9791594 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular atresia is a natural physiological phenomenon in poultry reproduction. It is well known that follicular atresia is caused by both autophagy and apoptosis of granulosa cells. In current experiment, we evaluated the function of miR-34a-5p on autophagy and apoptosis in chicken follicular atresia. First, the follicular atresia model of chicken was successfully constructed by subcutaneous injection of tamoxifen (TMX), and found the expression of miR-34a-5p in the atresia follicles obviously increased. Then, we confirmed that miR-34a-5p accelerates autophagy and apoptosis of chicken granulose cells in vitro, and miR-34a-5p could induce apoptosis by mediating autophagy. Mechanistically, lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1) was deemed as a target gene for miR-34a-5p. On the contrary, LEF1 overexpression attenuated the autophagy and apoptosis of chicken granular cells. In addition, it was confirmed that the miR-34a-5p/LEF1 axis plays a regulatory role in chicken granulosa cells by mediating the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. Taken together, this study demonstrated that miR-34a-5p contributes to autophagy and apoptosis of chicken follicular granulosa cells by targeting LEF1 to mediate the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunshuan Han
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiyu Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Tan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengen Ma
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Houyang Kang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China,Corresponding author:
| | - Can Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
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44
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Patil MR, Bihari A. A comprehensive study of p53 protein. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1891-1937. [PMID: 36183376 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The protein p53 has been extensively investigated since it was found 43 years ago and has become a "guardian of the genome" that regulates the division of cells by preventing the growth of cells and dividing them, that is, inhibits the development of tumors. Initial proof of protein existence by researchers in the mid-1970s was found by altering and regulating the SV40 big T antigen termed the A protein. Researchers demonstrated how viruses play a role in cancer by employing viruses' ability to create T-antigens complex with viral tumors, which was discovered in 1979 following a viral analysis and cancer analog research. Researchers later in the year 1989 explained that in Murine Friend, a virus-caused erythroleukemia, commonly found that p53 was inactivated to suggest that p53 could be a "tumor suppressor gene." The TP53 gene, encoding p53, is one of human cancer's most frequently altered genes. The protein-regulated biological functions of all p53s include cell cycles, apoptosis, senescence, metabolism of the DNA, angiogenesis, cell differentiation, and immunological response. We tried to unfold the history of the p53 protein, which was discovered long back in 1979, that is, 43 years of research on p53, and how p53's function has been developed through time in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha R Patil
- Department of Computer-Applications, School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anand Bihari
- Department of Computational Intelligence, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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45
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Insights into Regulators of p53 Acetylation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233825. [PMID: 36497084 PMCID: PMC9737083 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of dozens of target genes and diverse physiological processes. To precisely regulate the p53 network, p53 undergoes various post-translational modifications and alters the selectivity of target genes. Acetylation plays an essential role in cell fate determination through the activation of p53. Although the acetylation of p53 has been examined, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear and, thus, have attracted the interest of researchers. We herein discuss the role of acetylation in the p53 pathway, with a focus on p53 acetyltransferases and deacetylases. We also review recent findings on the regulators of these enzymes to understand the mode of p53 acetylation from a broader perspective.
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46
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Qin S, Geng H, Wang G, Chen L, Xia C, Yao J, Bai Z, Deng L. Suffruticosol C-Mediated Autophagy and Cell Cycle Arrest via Inhibition of mTORC1 Signaling. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235000. [PMID: 36501031 PMCID: PMC9736330 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeonia species are well-known ornamental plants that are used in traditional Chinese medicines. The seeds of these species are rich in stilbenes, which have wide-ranging health-promoting effects. In particular, resveratrol, which is a common stilbene, is widely known for its anticancer properties. Suffruticosol C, which is a trimer of resveratrol, is the most dominant stilbene found in peony seeds. However, it is not clear whether suffruticosol C has cancer regulating properties. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to determine the effect of suffruticosol C against various cancer cell lines. Our findings showed that suffruticosol C induces autophagy and cell cycle arrest instead of cell apoptosis and ferroptosis. Mechanistically, suffruticosol C regulates autophagy and cell cycle via inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Thus, our findings imply that suffruticosol C regulates cancer cell viability by inducing autophagy and cell cycle arrest via the inhibition of mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Huijun Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Guoyan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Chao Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Zhangzhen Bai
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712000, China
- Correspondence: (Z.B.); (L.D.); Tel.: +86-18829783704 (Z.B.); +86-18818275171 (L.D.)
| | - Lu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712000, China
- Correspondence: (Z.B.); (L.D.); Tel.: +86-18829783704 (Z.B.); +86-18818275171 (L.D.)
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47
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Kawano I, Adamcova M. MicroRNAs in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: The DNA damage response. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1055911. [PMID: 36479202 PMCID: PMC9720152 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1055911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic drug widely used for cancer treatment, but its use is limited by cardiotoxicity. Although free radicals from redox cycling and free cellular iron have been predominant as the suggested primary pathogenic mechanism, novel evidence has pointed to topoisomerase II inhibition and resultant genotoxic stress as the more fundamental mechanism. Recently, a growing list of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been implicated in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). This review summarizes miRNAs reported in the recent literature in the context of DIC. A particular focus is given to miRNAs that regulate cellular responses downstream to DOX-induced DNA damage, especially p53 activation, pro-survival signaling pathway inhibition (e.g., AMPK, AKT, GATA-4, and sirtuin pathways), mitochondrial dysfunction, and ferroptosis. Since these pathways are potential targets for cardioprotection against DOX, an understanding of how miRNAs participate is necessary for developing future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michaela Adamcova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
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48
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Yuen JG, Fesler A, Hwang GR, Chen LB, Ju J. Development of 5-FU-modified tumor suppressor microRNAs as a platform for novel microRNA-based cancer therapeutics. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3450-3461. [PMID: 35933584 PMCID: PMC9637772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNAs) are pleiotropic post-transcriptional modulators of gene expression. Their inherently pleiotropic nature makes miRNAs strong candidates for the development of cancer therapeutics, yet despite their potential, there remains a challenge to deliver nucleic acid-based therapies into cancer cells. We developed a novel approach to modify miRNAs by replacing the uracil bases with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the guide strand of tumor suppressor miRNAs, thereby combining the therapeutic effect of 5-FU with tumor-suppressive effect of miRNAs to create a potent, multi-targeted therapeutic molecule without altering its native RNAi function. To demonstrate the general applicability of this approach to other tumor-suppressive miRNAs, we screened a panel of 12 novel miRNA mimetics in several cancer types, including leukemia, breast, gastric, lung, and pancreatic cancer. Our results show that 5-FU-modified miRNA mimetics have increased potency (low nanomolar range) in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and that these mimetics can be delivered into cancer cells without delivery vehicle both in vitro and in vivo, thus representing significant advancements in the development of therapeutic miRNAs for cancer. This work demonstrates the potential of fluoropyrimidine modifications that can be broadly applicable and may serve as a platform technology for future miRNA and nucleic acid-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Yuen
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | - Ga-Ram Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Lan-Bo Chen
- Curamir Therapeutics Inc., Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | - Jingfang Ju
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Curamir Therapeutics Inc., Woburn, MA 01801, USA.
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49
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Liu F, Bouznad N, Kaller M, Shi X, König J, Jaeckel S, Hermeking H. Csf1r mediates enhancement of intestinal tumorigenesis caused by inactivation of Mir34a. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5415-5437. [PMID: 36147476 PMCID: PMC9461672 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.75503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) encoding mRNA represents a direct target of miR-34a. However, the in vivo relevance of the suppression of CSF1R by miR-34a for intestinal tumor suppression mediated by the p53/miR-34a pathway has remained unknown. Here, ApcMin/+ mice with intestinal-epithelial cell (IEC)-specific deletions of Mir34a showed increased formation of adenomas and decreased survival, whereas deletion of Csf1r decreased adenoma formation and increased survival. In adenomas deletion of Mir34a enhanced proliferation, STAT3 signaling, infiltration with fibroblasts, immune cells and microbes, and tumor stem cell abundance and decreased apoptosis. Deletion of Csf1r had the opposite effects. In addition, homeostasis of intestinal secretory and stem cells, and tumoroid formation were affected in opposite directions by deletion of Mir34a and CSF1R. Concomitant deletion of Csf1r and Mir34a neutralized the effects of the single deletions. mRNAs containing Mir34a seed-matching sites, which encode proteins related to EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition), stemness and Wnt signaling, were enriched after Mir34a inactivation in adenomas and derived tumoroids. Netrin-1/Ntn1 and Transgelin/Tagln were characterized as direct targets of Mir34a and Csf1r signaling. Mir34a-inactivation related expression signatures were associated with CMS4/CRISB+D, stage 4 CRCs and poor patient survival. In tumoroids the loss of Mir34a conferred resistance to 5-FU which was mediated by Csf1r. This study provides genetic evidence for a requirement of Mir34a-mediated Csf1r suppression for intestinal stem/secretory cell homeostasis and tumor suppression, and suggests that therapeutic targeting of CSF1R may be effective for the treatment of CRCs with defects in the p53/miR-34a pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangteng Liu
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Germany
| | - Nassim Bouznad
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Germany
| | - Markus Kaller
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Germany
| | - Xiaolong Shi
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Germany
| | - Janine König
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Germany
| | - Stephanie Jaeckel
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Germany
| | - Heiko Hermeking
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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50
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MicroRNA-34a, Prostate Cancer Stem Cells, and Therapeutic Development. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184538. [PMID: 36139695 PMCID: PMC9497236 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a highly heterogeneous disease and typically presents with multiple distinct cancer foci. Heterogeneity in androgen receptor (AR) expression levels in PCa has been observed for decades, from untreated tumors to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) to disseminated metastases. Current standard-of-care therapies for metastatic CRPC can only extend life by a few months. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a subpopulation of cancer cells that exists in almost all treatment-naive tumors. Additionally, non-CSCs may undergo cellular plasticity to be reprogrammed to prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) during spontaneous tumor progression or upon therapeutic treatments. Consequently, PCSCs may become the predominant population in treatment-resistant tumors, and the "root cause" for drug resistance. microRNA-34a (miR-34a) is a bona fide tumor-suppressive miRNA, and its expression is dysregulated in PCa. Importantly, miR-34a functions as a potent CSC suppressor by targeting many molecules essential for CSC survival and functions, which makes it a promising anti-PCSC therapeutic. Here, we conducted a comprehensive literature survey of miR-34a in the context of PCa and especially PCSCs. We provided an updated overview on the mechanisms of miR-34a regulation followed by discussing its tumor suppressive functions in PCa. Finally, based on current advances in miR-34a preclinical studies in PCa, we offered potential delivery strategies for miR-34a-based therapeutics for treating advanced PCa.
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