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Eshaq AM, Flanagan TW, Hassan SY, Al Asheikh SA, Al-Amoudi WA, Santourlidis S, Hassan SL, Alamodi MO, Bendhack ML, Alamodi MO, Haikel Y, Megahed M, Hassan M. Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Their Structure and Mechanistic Role in Tumor Progression and Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2754. [PMID: 39123481 PMCID: PMC11311543 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) function as key molecules in the signaling pathways in addition to their impact as a therapeutic target for the treatment of many human diseases, including cancer. PTKs are characterized by their ability to phosphorylate serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues and can thereby rapidly and reversibly alter the function of their protein substrates in the form of significant changes in protein confirmation and affinity for their interaction with protein partners to drive cellular functions under normal and pathological conditions. PTKs are classified into two groups: one of which represents tyrosine kinases, while the other one includes the members of the serine/threonine kinases. The group of tyrosine kinases is subdivided into subgroups: one of them includes the member of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), while the other subgroup includes the member of non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs). Both these kinase groups function as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions. NRTKs are enzymes which are overexpressed and activated in many cancer types and regulate variable cellular functions in response to extracellular signaling-dependent mechanisms. NRTK-mediated different cellular functions are regulated by kinase-dependent and kinase-independent mechanisms either in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. Thus, targeting NRTKs is of great interest to improve the treatment strategy of different tumor types. This review deals with the structure and mechanistic role of NRTKs in tumor progression and resistance and their importance as therapeutic targets in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz M. Eshaq
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Thomas W. Flanagan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Sofie-Yasmin Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Sara A. Al Asheikh
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Waleed A. Al-Amoudi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Simeon Santourlidis
- Institute of Cell Therapeutics and Diagnostics, University Medical Center of Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Sarah-Lilly Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Maryam O. Alamodi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Marcelo L. Bendhack
- Department of Urology, Red Cross University Hospital, Positivo University, Rua Mauá 1111, Curitiba 80030-200, Brazil;
| | - Mohammed O. Alamodi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mossad Megahed
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Research Laboratory of Surgery-Oncology, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Ouyang M, Xing Y, Zhang S, Li L, Pan Y, Deng L. Development of FRET Biosensor to Characterize CSK Subcellular Regulation. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:206. [PMID: 38667199 PMCID: PMC11048185 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
C-terminal Src kinase (CSK) is the major inhibitory kinase for Src family kinases (SFKs) through the phosphorylation of their C-tail tyrosine sites, and it regulates various types of cellular activity in association with SFK function. As a cytoplasmic protein, CSK needs be recruited to the plasma membrane to regulate SFKs' activity. The regulatory mechanism behind CSK activity and its subcellular localization remains largely unclear. In this work, we developed a genetically encoded biosensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to visualize the CSK activity in live cells. The biosensor, with an optimized substrate peptide, confirmed the crucial Arg107 site in the CSK SH2 domain and displayed sensitivity and specificity to CSK activity, while showing minor responses to co-transfected Src and Fyn. FRET measurements showed that CSK had a relatively mild level of kinase activity in comparison to Src and Fyn in rat airway smooth muscle cells. The biosensor tagged with different submembrane-targeting signals detected CSK activity at both non-lipid raft and lipid raft microregions, while it showed a higher FRET level at non-lipid ones. Co-transfected receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha (PTPα) had an inhibitory effect on the CSK FRET response. The biosensor did not detect obvious changes in CSK activity between metastatic cancer cells and normal ones. In conclusion, a novel FRET biosensor was generated to monitor CSK activity and demonstrated CSK activity existing in both non-lipid and lipid raft membrane microregions, being more present at non-lipid ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Ouyang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (Y.X.); (S.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yujie Xing
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (Y.X.); (S.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.P.)
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (Y.X.); (S.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Liting Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (Y.X.); (S.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.P.)
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (Y.X.); (S.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Linhong Deng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (Y.X.); (S.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.P.)
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Tachibana H, Minoura K, Omachi T, Nagao K, Ichikawa T, Kimura Y, Kono N, Shimanaka Y, Arai H, Ueda K, Kioka N. The plasma membrane of focal adhesions has a high content of cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine with saturated acyl chains. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260763. [PMID: 37470177 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular functions, such as differentiation and migration, are regulated by the extracellular microenvironment, including the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cells adhere to ECM through focal adhesions (FAs) and sense the surrounding microenvironments. Although FA proteins have been actively investigated, little is known about the lipids in the plasma membrane at FAs. In this study, we examine the lipid composition at FAs with imaging and biochemical approaches. Using the cholesterol-specific probe D4 with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and super-resolution microscopy, we show an enrichment of cholesterol at FAs simultaneously with FA assembly. Furthermore, we establish a method to isolate the lipid from FA-rich fractions, and biochemical quantification of the lipids reveals that there is a higher content of cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine with saturated fatty acid chains in the lipids of the FA-rich fraction than in either the plasma membrane fraction or the whole-cell membrane. These results demonstrate that plasma membrane at FAs has a locally distinct lipid composition compared to the bulk plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tachibana
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kodai Minoura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Omachi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Nagao
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ichikawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kimura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuta Shimanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Xu R, Song J, Ruze R, Chen Y, Yin X, Wang C, Zhao Y. SQLE promotes pancreatic cancer growth by attenuating ER stress and activating lipid rafts-regulated Src/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:497. [PMID: 37542052 PMCID: PMC10403582 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05987-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC), a highly lethal malignancy, commonly exhibits metabolic reprogramming that results in therapeutic vulnerabilities. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the impacts of aberrant cholesterol metabolism on PC development and progression remain elusive. In this study, we found that squalene epoxidase (SQLE) is a crucial mediator of cholesterol metabolism in PC growth. We observed a profound upregulation of SQLE in PC tissues, and its high expression was correlated with poor patient outcomes. Our functional experiments demonstrated that SQLE facilitated cell proliferation, induced cell cycle progression, and inhibited apoptosis in vitro, while promoting tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, SQLE was found to have a dual role. First, its inhibition led to squalene accumulation-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent apoptosis. Second, it enhanced de novo cholesterol biosynthesis and maintained lipid raft stability, thereby activating the Src/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Significantly, employing SQLE inhibitors effectively suppressed PC cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth. In summary, this study reveals SQLE as a novel oncogene that promotes PC growth by mitigating ER stress and activating lipid raft-regulated Src/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, highlighting the potential of SQLE as a therapeutic target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
| | - Jianlu Song
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
| | - Rexiati Ruze
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
| | - Xinpeng Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China.
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China.
- Medical Science Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China.
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China.
- National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China.
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5
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Maldonado H, Leyton L. CSK-mediated signalling by integrins in cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1214787. [PMID: 37519303 PMCID: PMC10382208 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1214787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression and metastasis are processes heavily controlled by the integrin receptor family. Integrins are cell adhesion molecules that constitute the central components of mechanosensing complexes called focal adhesions, which connect the extracellular environment with the cell interior. Focal adhesions act as key players in cancer progression by regulating biological processes, such as cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and survival. Src family kinases (SFKs) can interplay with integrins and their downstream effectors. SFKs also integrate extracellular cues sensed by integrins and growth factor receptors (GFR), transducing them to coordinate metastasis and cell survival in cancer. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase CSK is a well-known SFK member that suppresses SFK activity by phosphorylating its specific negative regulatory loop (C-terminal Y527 residue). Consequently, CSK may play a pivotal role in tumour progression and suppression by inhibiting SFK oncogenic effects in several cancer types. Remarkably, CSK can localise near focal adhesions when SFKs are activated and even interact with focal adhesion components, such as phosphorylated FAK and Paxillin, among others, suggesting that CSK may regulate focal adhesion dynamics and structure. Even though SFK oncogenic signalling has been extensively described before, the specific role of CSK and its crosstalk with integrins in cancer progression, for example, in mechanosensing, remain veiled. Here, we review how CSK, by regulating SFKs, can regulate integrin signalling, and focus on recent discoveries of mechanotransduction. We additionally examine the cross talk of integrins and GFR as well as the membrane availability of these receptors in cancer. We also explore new pharmaceutical approaches to these signalling pathways and analyse them as future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Maldonado
- Receptor Dynamics in Cancer Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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6
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Huang WR, Wu YY, Liao TL, Nielsen BL, Liu HJ. Cell Entry of Avian Reovirus Modulated by Cell-Surface Annexin A2 and Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor Latrophilin-2 Triggers Src and p38 MAPK Signaling Enhancing Caveolin-1- and Dynamin 2-Dependent Endocytosis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0000923. [PMID: 37097149 PMCID: PMC10269738 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00009-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The specifics of cell receptor-modulated avian reovirus (ARV) entry remain unknown. By using a viral overlay protein-binding assay (VOPBA) and an in-gel digestion coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we determined that cell-surface annexin A2 (AnxA2) and adhesion G protein-coupled receptor Latrophilin-2 (ADGRL2) modulate ARV entry. Direct interaction between the ARV σC protein and AnxA2 and ADGRL2 in Vero and DF-1 cells was demonstrated in situ by proximity ligation assays. By using short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) to silence the endogenous AnxA2 and ADGRL2 genes, ARV entry could be efficiently blocked. A significant decrease in virus yields and the intracellular specific signal for σC protein was observed in Vero cells preincubated with the specific AnxA2 and ADGRL2 monoclonal antibodies, indicating that AnxA2 and ADGRL2 are involved in modulating ARV entry. Furthermore, we found that cells pretreated with the AnxA2/S100A10 heterotetramer (A2t) inhibitor A2ti-1 suppressed ARV-mediated activation of Src and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), demonstrating that Src and p38 MAPK serve as downstream molecules of cell-surface AnxA2 signaling. Our results reveal that suppression of cell-surface AnxA2 with the A2ti-1 inhibitor increased Csk-Cbp interaction, suggesting that ARV entry suppresses Cbp-mediated relocation of Csk to the membrane, thereby activating Src. Furthermore, reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation assays revealed that σC can interact with signaling molecules, lipid raft, and vimentin. The current study provides novel insights into cell-surface AnxA2- and ADGRL2-modulated cell entry of ARV which triggers Src and p38 MAPK signaling to enhance caveolin-1-, dynamin 2-, and lipid raft-dependent endocytosis. IMPORTANCE By analyzing results from VOPBA and LC-MS/MS, we have determined that cell-surface AnxA2 and ADGRL2 modulate ARV entry. After ARV binding to receptors, Src and p38 MAPK signaling were triggered and, in turn, increased the phosphorylation of caveolin-1 (Tyr14) and upregulated dynamin 2 expression to facilitate caveolin-1-mediated and dynamin 2-dependent endocytosis. In this work, we demonstrated that ARV triggers Src activation by impeding Cbp-mediated relocation of Csk to the membrane in the early stages of the life cycle. This work provides better insight into cell-surface AnxA2 and ADGRL2, which upregulate Src and p38MAPK signaling pathways to enhance ARV entry and productive infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ru Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Wu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ling Liao
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Brent L. Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Hung-Jen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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7
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Refinement of Singer-Nicolson fluid-mosaic model by microscopy imaging: Lipid rafts and actin-induced membrane compartmentalization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184093. [PMID: 36423676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This year celebrates the 50th anniversary of the Singer-Nicolson fluid mosaic model for biological membranes. The next level of sophistication we have achieved for understanding plasma membrane (PM) structures, dynamics, and functions during these 50 years includes the PM interactions with cortical actin filaments and the partial demixing of membrane constituent molecules in the PM, particularly raft domains. Here, first, we summarize our current knowledge of these two structures and emphasize that they are interrelated. Second, we review the structure, molecular dynamics, and function of raft domains, with main focuses on raftophilic glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) and their signal transduction mechanisms. We pay special attention to the results obtained by single-molecule imaging techniques and other advanced microscopy methods. We also clarify the limitations of present optical microscopy methods for visualizing raft domains, but emphasize that single-molecule imaging techniques can "detect" raft domains associated with molecules of interest in the PM.
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8
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Fortner A, Chera A, Tanca A, Bucur O. Apoptosis regulation by the tyrosine-protein kinase CSK. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1078180. [PMID: 36578781 PMCID: PMC9792154 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1078180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
C-terminal Src kinase (CSK) is a cytosolic tyrosine-protein kinase with an important role in regulating critical cellular decisions, such as cellular apoptosis, survival, proliferation, cytoskeletal organization and many others. Current knowledge on the CSK mechanisms of action, regulation and functions is still at an early stage, most of CSK's known actions and functions being mediated by the negative regulation of the SRC family of tyrosine kinases (SFKs) through phosphorylation. As SFKs play a vital role in apoptosis, cell proliferation and survival regulation, SFK inhibition by CSK has a pro-apoptotic effect, which is mediated by the inhibition of cellular signaling cascades controlled by SFKs, such as the MAPK/ERK, STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Abnormal functioning of CSK and SFK activation can lead to diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurological manifestations. This review describes apoptosis regulation by CSK, CSK inhibition of the SFKs and further explores the clinical relevance of CSK in important pathologies, such as cancer, autoimmune, autoinflammatory, neurologic diseases, hypertension and HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra Fortner
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania,Medical School, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chera
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania,Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antoanela Tanca
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania,Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,*Correspondence: Octavian Bucur, ; Antoanela Tanca,
| | - Octavian Bucur
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania,Viron Molecular Medicine Institute, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Octavian Bucur, ; Antoanela Tanca,
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9
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Mitani F, Hayasaka R, Hirayama A, Oneyama C. SNAP23-Mediated Perturbation of Cholesterol-Enriched Membrane Microdomain Promotes Extracellular Vesicle Production in Src-Activated Cancer Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1572-1580. [PMID: 36184518 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) formed within multivesicular bodies (MVBs), often referred to as small EV (sEV) or exosomes, are aberrantly produced by cancer cells and regulate the tumor microenvironment. The tyrosine kinase c-Src is upregulated in a wide variety of human cancers and is involved in promoting sEV secretion, suggesting its role in malignant progression. In this study, we found that activated Src liberated synaptosomal-associated protein 23 (SNAP23), a SNARE molecule, from lipid rafts to non-rafts on cellular membrane. We also demonstrated that SNAP23 localized in non-rafts induced cholesterol downregulation and ILV formation, resulting in the upregulation of sEV production in c-Src-transformed cells. Furthermore, the contribution of the SNAP23-cholesterol axis on sEV upregulation was confirmed in pancreatic cancer cells. High SNAP23 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. These findings suggest a unique mechanism for the upregulation of sEV production via SNAP23-mediated cholesterol downregulation in Src-activated cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumie Mitani
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute.,Department of Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Ryosuke Hayasaka
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University.,Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University.,Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University.,Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University
| | - Chitose Oneyama
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute.,Department of Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University.,Department of Target and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University
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10
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Kajiwara K, Chen PK, Abe Y, Okuda S, Kon S, Adachi J, Tomonaga T, Fujita Y, Okada M. Src activation in lipid rafts confers epithelial cells with invasive potential to escape from apical extrusion during cell competition. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3460-3476.e6. [PMID: 35809567 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal/cancerous cells within healthy epithelial tissues undergo apical extrusion to protect against carcinogenesis, although they acquire invasive capacity once carcinogenesis progresses. However, the molecular mechanisms by which cancer cells escape from apical extrusion and invade surrounding tissues remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate a molecular mechanism for cell fate switching during epithelial cell competition. We found that during competition within epithelial cell layers, Src transformation promotes maturation of focal adhesions and degradation of extracellular matrix. Src-transformed cells underwent basal delamination by Src activation within sphingolipid/cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains/lipid rafts, whereas they were apically extruded when Src was outside of lipid rafts. A comparative analysis of contrasting phenotypes revealed that activation of the Src-STAT3-MMP axis through lipid rafts was required for basal delamination. CUB-domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) was identified as an Src-activating scaffold and as a Met regulator in lipid rafts, and its overexpression induced basal delamination. In renal cancer models, CDCP1 promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition-mediated invasive behavior by activating the Src-STAT3-MMP axis through Met activation. Overall, these results suggest that spatial activation of Src signaling in lipid rafts confers resistance to apical extrusion and invasive potential on epithelial cells to promote carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kajiwara
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Ping-Kuan Chen
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichi Abe
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; Division of Molecular Diagnosis, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | - Satoru Okuda
- World Premier International Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kon
- Division of Development and Aging, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masato Okada
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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11
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Matsubara T, Yasuda K, Mizuta K, Kawaue H, Kokabu S. Tyrosine Kinase Src Is a Regulatory Factor of Bone Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105508. [PMID: 35628319 PMCID: PMC9146043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts, which resorb the bone, and osteoblasts, which form the bone, are the key cells regulating bone homeostasis. Osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases occur when osteoclast-mediated bone resorption is increased and bone formation by osteoblasts is decreased. Analyses of tyrosine kinase Src-knockout mice revealed that Src is essential for bone resorption by osteoclasts and suppresses bone formation by osteoblasts. Src-knockout mice exhibit osteopetrosis. Therefore, Src is a potential target for osteoporosis therapy. However, Src is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and is involved in various biological processes, such as cell proliferation, growth, and migration. Thus, it is challenging to develop effective osteoporosis therapies targeting Src. To solve this problem, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanism of Src function in the bone. Src expression and catalytic activity are maintained at high levels in osteoclasts. The high activity of Src is essential for the attachment of osteoclasts to the bone matrix and to resorb the bone by regulating actin-related molecules. Src also inhibits the activity of Runx2, a master regulator of osteoblast differentiation, suppressing bone formation in osteoblasts. In this paper, we introduce the molecular mechanisms of Src in osteoclasts and osteoblasts to explore its potential for bone metabolic disease therapy.
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12
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Mitani F, Lin J, Sakamoto T, Uehara R, Hikita T, Yoshida T, Setiawan A, Arai M, Oneyama C. Asteltoxin inhibits extracellular vesicle production through AMPK/mTOR-mediated activation of lysosome function. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6674. [PMID: 35461323 PMCID: PMC9035176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells secrete aberrantly large amounts of extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes, which originate from multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Because EVs potentially contribute to tumor progression, EV inhibitors are of interest as novel therapeutics. We screened a fungal natural product library. Using cancer cells engineered to secrete luciferase-labeled EVs, we identified asteltoxin, which inhibits mitochondrial ATP synthase, as an EV inhibitor. Low concentrations of asteltoxin inhibited EV secretion without inducing mitochondrial damage. Asteltoxin attenuated cellular ATP levels and induced AMPK-mediated mTORC1 inactivation. Consequently, MiT/TFE transcription factors are translocated into the nucleus, promoting transcription of lysosomal genes and lysosome activation. Electron microscopy analysis revealed that the number of lysosomes increased relative to that of MVBs and the level of EVs decreased after treatment with asteltoxin or rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor. These findings suggest that asteltoxin represents a new type of EV inhibitor that controls MVB fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumie Mitani
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jianyu Lin
- Laboratory of Natural Products for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Target and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryo Uehara
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hikita
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Andi Setiawan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Lampung University, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Masayoshi Arai
- Laboratory of Natural Products for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Chitose Oneyama
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan. .,Department of Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan. .,Department of Target and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan. .,JST, PRESTO, Nagoya, Japan.
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13
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Whitley JA, Kim S, Lou L, Ye C, Alsaidan OA, Sulejmani E, Cai J, Desrochers EG, Beharry Z, Rickman CB, Klingeborn M, Liu Y, Xie Z, Cai H. Encapsulating Cas9 into extracellular vesicles by protein myristoylation. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12196. [PMID: 35384352 PMCID: PMC8982324 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is a very promising avenue for the treatment of a variety of genetic diseases. However, it is still very challenging to encapsulate CRISPR/Cas9 machinery for delivery. Protein N-myristoylation is an irreversible co/post-translational modification that results in the covalent attachment of the myristoyl-group to the N-terminus of a target protein. It serves as an anchor for a protein to associate with the cell membrane and determines its intracellular trafficking and activity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted vesicles that mediate cell-cell communication. In this study, we demonstrate that myristoylated proteins were preferentially encapsulated into EVs. The octapeptide derived from the leading sequence of the N-terminus of Src kinase was a favourable substrate for N-myristoyltransferase 1, the enzyme that catalyzes myristoylation. The fusion of the octapeptide onto the N-terminus of Cas9 promoted the myristoylation and encapsulation of Cas9 into EVs. Encapsulation of Cas9 and sgRNA-eGFP inside EVs was confirmed using protease digestion assays. Additionally, to increase the transfection potential, VSV-G was introduced into the EVs. The encapsulated Cas9 in EVs accounted for 0.7% of total EV protein. Importantly, the EVs coated with VSV-G encapsulating Cas9/sgRNA-eGFP showed up to 42% eGFP knock out efficiency with limited off-target effects in recipient cells. Our study provides a novel approach to encapsulate CRISPR/Cas9 protein and sgRNA into EVs. This strategy may open an effective avenue to utilize EVs as vehicles to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 for genome-editing-based gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Andrew Whitley
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Lei Lou
- School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCollege of EngineeringUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Chenming Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Omar Awad Alsaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Essilvo Sulejmani
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Jingwen Cai
- Department of Cellular Biology and AnatomyAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Ellison Gerona Desrochers
- School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCollege of EngineeringUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Zanna Beharry
- Department of Chemical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Virgin IslandsSt. ThomasVirgin Islands
| | - Catherine Bowes Rickman
- Department of OphthalmologyDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and AnatomyAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Zhong‐Ru Xie
- School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCollege of EngineeringUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Houjian Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
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14
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Hikita T, Uehara R, Itoh RE, Mitani F, Miyata M, Yoshida T, Yamaguchi R, Oneyama C. MEK/ERK-mediated oncogenic signals promote secretion of extracellular vesicles by controlling lysosome function. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1264-1276. [PMID: 35108425 PMCID: PMC8990735 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells secrete large amounts of extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Mature MVBs fuse either with the plasma membrane for release as EVs often referred as to exosomes or with lysosomes for degradation. However, the mechanisms regulating MVB fate remain unknown. Here, we investigated the regulators of MVB fate by analyzing the effects of signaling inhibitors on EV secretion from cancer cells engineered to secrete luciferase-labeled EVs. Inhibition of the oncogenic MEK/ERK pathway suppressed EV release and activated lysosome formation. MEK/ERK-mediated lysosomal inactivation impaired MVB degradation, resulting in increased EV secretion from cancer cells. Moreover, MEK/ERK inhibition prevented c-MYC expression and induced the nuclear translocation of MiT/TFE transcription factors, thereby promoting the activation of lysosome-related genes, including the gene encoding a subunit of vacuolar-type H+ -ATPase, which is responsible for lysosomal acidification and function. Furthermore, c-MYC upregulation was associated with lysosomal genes downregulation in MEK/ERK-activated renal cancer cells/tissues. These findings suggest that the MEK/ERK/c-MYC pathway controls MVB fate and promotes EV production in human cancers by inactivating lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Hikita
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryo Uehara
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Reina E Itoh
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumie Mitani
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Oncology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mamiko Miyata
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Rui Yamaguchi
- Division of Cancer Systems Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Cancer Informatics, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chitose Oneyama
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Oncology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Target and Drug Discovery, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Nagoya, Japan
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15
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Li M, Xue N, Liu X, Wang Q, Yan H, Liu Y, Wang L, Shi X, Cao D, Zhang K, Zhang Y. Discovery of Potent EGFR Inhibitors With 6-Arylureido-4-anilinoquinazoline Derivatives. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:647591. [PMID: 34122069 PMCID: PMC8187944 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.647591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the classical pharmacophore fusion strategy, a series of 6-arylureido-4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives ( Compounds 7a - t ) were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated by the standard CCK-8 method and enzyme inhibition assay. Among the title compounds, Compounds 7a , 7c , 7d , 7f , 7i , 7o , 7p , and 7q exhibited promising anti-proliferative bioactivities, especially Compound 7i , which had excellent antitumor activity against the A549, HT-29, and MCF-7 cell lines (IC50 = 2.25, 1.72, and 2.81 μM, respectively) compared with gefitinib, erlotinib, and sorafenib. In addition, the enzyme activity inhibition assay indicated that the synthesized compounds had sub-micromolar inhibitory levels (IC50, 11.66-867.1 nM), which was consistent with the results of the tumor cell line growth inhibition tests. By comparing the binding mechanisms of Compound 7i (17.32 nM), gefitinib (25.42 nM), and erlotinib (33.25 nM) to the EGFR, it was found that Compound 7i could extend into the effective region with a similar action conformation to that of gefitinib and interact with residues L85, D86, and R127, increasing the binding affinity of Compound 7i to the EGFR. Based on the molecular hybridization strategy, 14 compounds with EGFR inhibitory activity were designed and synthesized, and the action mechanism was explored through computational approaches, providing valuable clues for the research of antitumor agents based on EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Na Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiaoyun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongyi Yan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Deying Cao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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16
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Chüeh AC, Advani G, Foroutan M, Smith J, Ng N, Nandurkar H, Lio DS, Zhu HJ, Chong YP, Verkade H, Fujita DJ, Bjorge J, Basheer F, Lim JP, Luk I, Dhillon A, Sakthianandeswaren A, Mouradov D, Sieber O, Hollande F, Mariadason JM, Cheng HC. CSK-homologous kinase (CHK/MATK) is a potential colorectal cancer tumour suppressor gene epigenetically silenced by promoter methylation. Oncogene 2021; 40:3015-3029. [PMID: 33767439 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivation of SRC-family protein kinases (SFKs) contributes to the initiation and progression of human colorectal cancer (CRC). Since oncogenic mutations of SFK genes are rare in human CRC, we investigated if SFK hyperactivation is linked to dysregulation of their upstream inhibitors, C-terminal SRC kinase (CSK) and its homolog CSK-homologous kinase (CHK/MATK). We demonstrate that expression of CHK/MATK but not CSK was significantly downregulated in CRC cell lines and primary tumours compared to normal colonic tissue. Investigation of the mechanism by which CHK/MATK expression is down-regulated in CRC cells uncovered hypermethylation of the CHK/MATK promoter in CRC cell lines and primary tumours. Promoter methylation of CHK/MATK was also observed in several other tumour types. Consistent with epigenetic silencing of CHK/MATK, genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of DNA methyltransferases increased CHK/MATK mRNA expression in CHK/MATK-methylated colon cancer cell lines. SFKs were hyperactivated in CHK/MATK-methylated CRC cells despite expressing enzymatically active CSK, suggesting loss of CHK/MATK contributes to SFK hyperactivation. Re-expression of CHK/MATK in CRC cell lines led to reduction in SFK activity via a non-catalytic mechanism, a reduction in anchorage-independent growth, cell proliferation and migration in vitro, and a reduction in tumour growth and metastasis in a zebrafish embryo xenotransplantation model in vivo, collectively identifying CHK/MATK as a novel putative tumour suppressor gene in CRC. Furthermore, our discovery that CHK/MATK hypermethylation occurs in the majority of tumours warrants its further investigation as a diagnostic marker of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderly C Chüeh
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medicine (Austin Hospital), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
- Cancer Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Gahana Advani
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Momeneh Foroutan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, the University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jai Smith
- Department of Clinical Pathology, the University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadia Ng
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harshal Nandurkar
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daisy S Lio
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yuh-Ping Chong
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heather Verkade
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Donald J Fujita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Bjorge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Faiza Basheer
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jet Phey Lim
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Luk
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amardeep Dhillon
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anuratha Sakthianandeswaren
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dmitri Mouradov
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oliver Sieber
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frédéric Hollande
- Department of Clinical Pathology, the University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John M Mariadason
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine (Austin Hospital), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heung-Chin Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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17
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Chee WY, Kurahashi Y, Kim J, Miura K, Okuzaki D, Ishitani T, Kajiwara K, Nada S, Okano H, Okada M. β-catenin-promoted cholesterol metabolism protects against cellular senescence in naked mole-rat cells. Commun Biol 2021; 4:357. [PMID: 33742113 PMCID: PMC7979689 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01879-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The naked mole-rat (NMR; Heterocephalus glaber) exhibits cancer resistance and an exceptionally long lifespan of approximately 30 years, but the mechanism(s) underlying increased longevity in NMRs remains unclear. In the present study, we report unique mechanisms underlying cholesterol metabolism in NMR cells, which may be responsible for their anti-senescent properties. NMR fibroblasts expressed β-catenin abundantly; this high expression was linked to increased accumulation of cholesterol-enriched lipid droplets. Ablation of β-catenin or inhibition of cholesterol synthesis abolished lipid droplet formation and induced senescence-like phenotypes accompanied by increased oxidative stress. β-catenin ablation downregulated apolipoprotein F and the LXR/RXR pathway, which are involved in cholesterol transport and biogenesis. Apolipoprotein F ablation also suppressed lipid droplet accumulation and promoted cellular senescence, indicating that apolipoprotein F mediates β-catenin signaling in NMR cells. Thus, we suggest that β-catenin in NMRs functions to offset senescence by regulating cholesterol metabolism, which may contribute to increased longevity in NMRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woei-Yaw Chee
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Oncogene Research, Research for Microbial Disease, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Yuriko Kurahashi
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Oncogene Research, Research for Microbial Disease, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Junhyeong Kim
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Oncogene Research, Research for Microbial Disease, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Kyoko Miura
- grid.274841.c0000 0001 0660 6749Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Human Immunology Lab, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tohru Ishitani
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Research for Microbial Disease, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Kentaro Kajiwara
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Oncogene Research, Research for Microbial Disease, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nada
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Oncogene Research, Research for Microbial Disease, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Masato Okada
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Oncogene Research, Research for Microbial Disease, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
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18
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SRC Signaling in Cancer and Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1270:57-71. [PMID: 33123993 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-47189-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pioneering experiments performed by Harold Varmus and Mike Bishop in 1976 led to one of the most influential discoveries in cancer research and identified the first cancer-causing oncogene called Src. Later experimental and clinical evidence suggested that Src kinase plays a significant role in promoting tumor growth and progression and its activity is associated with poor patient survival. Thus, several Src inhibitors were developed and approved by FDA for treatment of cancer patients. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a highly complex and dynamic milieu where significant cross-talk occurs between cancer cells and TME components, which consist of tumor-associated macrophages, fibroblasts, and other immune and vascular cells. Growth factors and chemokines activate multiple signaling cascades in TME and induce multiple kinases and pathways, including Src, leading to tumor growth, invasion/metastasis, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and progression. Here, we will systemically evaluate recent findings regarding regulation of Src and significance of targeting Src in cancer therapy.
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19
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Hikita T, Miyata M, Watanabe R, Oneyama C. In vivo imaging of long-term accumulation of cancer-derived exosomes using a BRET-based reporter. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16616. [PMID: 33024173 PMCID: PMC7538576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73580-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring of exosome dynamics in living organisms is essential to demonstrate the real functions of cancer-derived exosomes. Currently, these have been elucidated in vitro or under non-physiological conditions in vivo in most cases. To overcome these limitations, we developed an imaging method using Antares2-mediated bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) for observing long-term accumulation of exosomes in vivo. Ectopic expression of CD63-Antares2 effectively labeled exosomes with Antares2, which emitted intense, long-wavelength luminescence suitable for in vivo monitoring. Transplantation of CD63-Antares2-expressing prostate cancer cells into mice allowed determining the amount of cancer-derived exosomes released from primary tumors into the bloodstream and visualizing the long-term homing behavior of exosomes to their target organs or tissues. Interestingly, secreted exosome was decreased upon administration of low dose of dasatinib, an approved tyrosine-kinase inhibitor. The CD63-Antares2 xenograft mouse model will be useful for elucidating the dynamics of cancer-derived exosomes in vivo and evaluating the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of exosome production inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Hikita
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Mamiko Miyata
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Risayo Watanabe
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Chitose Oneyama
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan. .,Department of Target and Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan. .,Department of Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan. .,JST, PRESTO, Nagoya, Japan.
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20
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Foltz L, Palacios-Moreno J, Mayfield M, Kinch S, Dillon J, Syrenne J, Levy T, Grimes M. PAG1 directs SRC-family kinase intracellular localization to mediate receptor tyrosine kinase-induced differentiation. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2269-2282. [PMID: 32726167 PMCID: PMC7550700 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-02-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
All receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) activate similar downstream signaling pathways through a common set of effectors, yet it is not fully understood how different receptors elicit distinct cellular responses to cause cell proliferation, differentiation, or other cell fates. We tested the hypothesis that regulation of SRC family kinase (SFK) signaling by the scaffold protein, PAG1, influences cell fate decisions following RTK activation. We generated a neuroblastoma cell line expressing a PAG1 fragment that lacks the membrane-spanning domain (PAG1TM-) and localized to the cytoplasm. PAG1TM- cells exhibited higher amounts of active SFKs and increased growth rate. PAG1TM- cells were unresponsive to TRKA and RET signaling, two RTKs that induce neuronal differentiation, but retained responses to EGFR and KIT. Under differentiation conditions, PAG1TM- cells continued to proliferate and did not extend neurites or increase β-III tubulin expression. FYN and LYN were sequestered in multivesicular bodies (MVBs), and dramatically more FYN and LYN were in the lumen of MVBs in PAG1TM- cells. In particular, activated FYN was sequestered in PAG1TM- cells, suggesting that disruption of FYN localization led to the observed defects in differentiation. The results demonstrate that PAG1 directs SFK intracellular localization to control activity and to mediate signaling by RTKs that induce neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Foltz
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, and Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812
| | | | - Makenzie Mayfield
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, and Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812
| | - Shelby Kinch
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, and Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812
| | - Jordan Dillon
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, and Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812
| | - Jed Syrenne
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, and Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812
| | - Tyler Levy
- Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA 01923
| | - Mark Grimes
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, and Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812
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21
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Lietha D, Izard T. Roles of Membrane Domains in Integrin-Mediated Cell Adhesion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155531. [PMID: 32752284 PMCID: PMC7432473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and organization of the plasma membrane play important functional and regulatory roles in integrin signaling, which direct many physiological and pathological processes, such as development, wound healing, immunity, thrombosis, and cancer metastasis. Membranes are comprised of regions that are thick or thin owing to spontaneous partitioning of long-chain saturated lipids from short-chain polyunsaturated lipids into domains defined as ordered and liquid-disorder domains, respectively. Liquid-ordered domains are typically 100 nm in diameter and sometimes referred to as lipid rafts. We posit that integrin β senses membrane thickness and that mechanical force on the membrane regulates integrin activation through membrane thinning. This review examines what we know about the nature and mechanism of the interaction of integrins with the plasma membrane and its effects on regulating integrins and its binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lietha
- Cell Signaling and Adhesion Group, Structural and Chemical Biology, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC), E-28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Tina Izard
- Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- Correspondence:
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22
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Src Family Tyrosine Kinases in Intestinal Homeostasis, Regeneration and Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082014. [PMID: 32717909 PMCID: PMC7464719 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Src, originally identified as an oncogene, is a membrane-anchored tyrosine kinase and the Src family kinase (SFK) prototype. SFKs regulate the signalling induced by a wide range of cell surface receptors leading to epithelial cell growth and adhesion. In the intestine, the SFK members Src, Fyn and Yes regulate epithelial cell proliferation and migration during tissue regeneration and transformation, thus implicating conserved and specific functions. In patients with colon cancer, SFK activity is a marker of poor clinical prognosis and a potent driver of metastasis formation. These tumorigenic activities are linked to SFK capacity to promote the dissemination and tumour-initiating capacities of epithelial tumour cells. However, it is unclear how SFKs promote colon tumour formation and metastatic progression because SFK-encoding genes are unfrequently mutated in human cancer. Here, we review recent findings on SFK signalling during intestinal homeostasis, regeneration and tumorigenesis. We also describe the key nongenetic mechanisms underlying SFK tumour activities in colorectal cancer, and discuss how these mechanisms could be exploited in therapeutic strategies to target SFK signalling in metastatic colon cancer.
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Tsuboi Y, Oyama M, Kozuka-Hata H, Ito A, Matsubara D, Murakami Y. CADM1 suppresses c-Src activation by binding with Cbp on membrane lipid rafts and intervenes colon carcinogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:854-860. [PMID: 32616310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules act as tumor suppressors primarily by cell attachment activity, but additional mechanisms modifying signal transduction are suggested in some cases. Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), a membrane-spanning immunoglobulin superfamily, mediates intercellular adhesion by trans-homophilic interaction and acts as a tumor suppressor. Here, we investigated CADM1-associated proteins comprehensively using proteomic analysis of immune-precipitates of CADM1 by mass spectrometry and identified a transmembrane adaptor protein, Csk-binding protein (Cbp), known to suppress Src-mediated transformation, as a binding partner of CADM1. CADM1 localizes to detergent-resistant membrane fractions and co-immunoprecipitated with Cbp and c-Src. Suppression of CADM1 expression using siRNA reduces the amount of co-immunoprecipitated c-Src with Cbp and activates c-Src in colon cancer cells expressing both CADM1 and Cbp. On the other hand, co-replacement of CADM1 and Cbp in colon cancer cells lacking CADM1 and Cbp expression suppresses c-Src activation, wound healing and tumorigenicity in nude mice. Furthermore, expression of Cbp and CADM1 was lost in 55% and 83% of human colon cancer, respectively, preferentially in tumors with larger size and/or lymph node metastasis. CADM1 would act as a colon tumor suppressor by intervening oncogenic c-Src signaling through binding with Cbp besides its authentic cell adhesion activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Tsuboi
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Oyama
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kozuka-Hata
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsubara
- Division of Integrative Pathology, Jichii Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Okuzaki D, Yamauchi T, Mitani F, Miyata M, Ninomiya Y, Watanabe R, Akamatsu H, Oneyama C. c-Src promotes tumor progression through downregulation of microRNA-129-1-3p. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:418-428. [PMID: 31799727 PMCID: PMC7004518 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) fine‐tune cellular signaling by regulating expression of signaling proteins, and aberrant expression of miRNAs is observed in many cancers. The tyrosine kinase c‐Src is upregulated in various human cancers, but the molecular mechanisms underlying c‐Src‐mediated tumor progression remain unclear. In previous investigations of miRNA‐mediated control of c‐Src‐related oncogenic pathways, we identified miRNAs that were downregulated in association with c‐Src transformation and uncovered the signaling networks by predicting their target genes, which might act cooperatively to control tumor progression. Here, to further elucidate the process of cell transformation driven by c‐Src, we analyzed the expression profiles of miRNAs in a doxycycline‐inducible Src expression system. We found that miRNA (miR)‐129‐1‐3p was downregulated in the early phase of c‐Src‐induced cell transformation, and that reexpression of miR‐129‐1‐3p disrupted c‐Src‐induced cell transformation. In addition, miR‐129‐1‐3p downregulation was tightly associated with tumor progression in human colon cancer cells/tissues. Expression of miR‐129‐1‐3p in human colon cancer cells caused morphological changes and suppressed tumor growth, cell adhesion, and invasion. We also identified c‐Src and its critical substrate Fer, and c‐Yes, a member of the Src family of kinases, as novel targets of miR‐129‐1‐3p. Furthermore, we found that miR‐129‐1‐3p‐mediated regulation of c‐Src/Fer and c‐Yes is important for controlling cell adhesion and invasion. Downregulation of miR‐129‐1‐3p by early activation of c‐Src increases expression of these target genes and synergistically promotes c‐Src‐related oncogenic signaling. Thus, c‐Src‐miR‐129‐1‐3p circuits serve as critical triggers for tumor progression in many human cancers that harbor upregulation of c‐Src.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomoe Yamauchi
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumie Mitani
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mamiko Miyata
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ninomiya
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Risayo Watanabe
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Chitose Oneyama
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
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25
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SUMOylation of Csk Negatively Modulates its Tumor Suppressor Function. Neoplasia 2019; 21:676-688. [PMID: 31125786 PMCID: PMC6531875 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Csk, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, serves as an indispensable negative regulator of the Src family kinases (SFKs). However, little is known about regulation of Csk expression so far. SUMOylation, a reversible post-translational modification, has been shown to regulate many biological processes especially in tumor progression. Here we report that Csk is covalently modified by SUMO1 at lysine 53 (K53) both in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide inhibited this modification to a certain extent, but PIAS3, identified as the main specific SUMO E3 ligase for Csk, could significantly enhance SUMO1-Csk level. In addition, phosphorylation at Ser364, the active site in Csk, had no effect on this modification. Ectopic expression of SUMO-defective mutant, Csk K53R, inhibited tumor cell growth more potentially than Csk wild-type. Consistent with the biological phenotype, the SUMO modification of Csk impaired its activity to interact with Cbp (Csk binding protein) leading to decreased c-Src phosphorylation at Y527. Our results suggest that SUMOylation of Csk mainly at lysine 53 negatively modulates its tumor suppressor function by reducing its binding with Cbp and consequently, inducing c-Src activation.
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26
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Mevizou R, Sirvent A, Roche S. Control of Tyrosine Kinase Signalling by Small Adaptors in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050669. [PMID: 31091767 PMCID: PMC6562749 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases (TKs) phosphorylate proteins on tyrosine residues as an intracellular signalling mechanism to coordinate intestinal epithelial cell communication and fate decision. Deregulation of their activity is ultimately connected with carcinogenesis. In colorectal cancer (CRC), it is still unclear how aberrant TK activities contribute to tumour formation because TK-encoding genes are not frequently mutated in this cancer. In vertebrates, several TKs are under the control of small adaptor proteins with potential important physiopathological roles. For instance, they can exert tumour suppressor functions in human cancer by targeting several components of the oncogenic TK signalling cascades. Here, we review how the Src-like adaptor protein (SLAP) and the suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) adaptor proteins regulate the SRC and the Janus kinase (JAK) oncogenic pathways, respectively, and how their loss of function in the intestinal epithelium may influence tumour formation. We also discuss the potential therapeutic value of these adaptors in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Mevizou
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, "Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", F-34000 Montpellier, France.
| | - Audrey Sirvent
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, "Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", F-34000 Montpellier, France.
| | - Serge Roche
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, "Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", F-34000 Montpellier, France.
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27
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Src in endosomal membranes promotes exosome secretion and tumor progression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3265. [PMID: 30824759 PMCID: PMC6397170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Src is a membrane-associated tyrosine kinase that has key roles in the signaling transduction that controls cell growth, adhesion, and migration. In the early stage of carcinogenesis, c-Src is activated under the plasma membrane and transduces oncogenic signals. Here we show that c-Src localized to the endosomal membrane has unique functions in c-Src-transformed cells. Our results indicate that activated c-Src in the endosomal membrane promoted the secretion of exosomes, in which c-Src was encapsulated. In addition, the ESCRT-interacting molecule, Alix was identified as a c-Src-interacting protein in exosomes. We revealed that the interaction between the SH3 domain of c-Src and the proline-rich region of Alix activates ESCRT-mediated intra-luminal vesicle (ILV) formation, resulting in the upregulation of exosome secretion in c-Src-transformed cells. We observed also a correlation between malignant phenotypes and Alix-dependent aberrant exosome secretion in Src-upregulated cancer cells. Collectively, our findings provide a unique mechanism for the upregulation of exosomes in cancer cells, as well as new insights into the significance of exosome secretion in cancer progression.
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28
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Hikita T, Miyata M, Watanabe R, Oneyama C. Sensitive and rapid quantification of exosomes by fusing luciferase to exosome marker proteins. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14035. [PMID: 30232365 PMCID: PMC6145919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication. Although their modes of action have been elucidated, the molecular mechanisms underlying their secretion, sorting of molecules, uptake into recipient cells, and biological distribution in vivo remain elusive. Here, we present a novel system for quantifying secreted exosomes by introducing ectopic or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in of luciferase-fusion exosome markers such as CD63. This luciferase-based method makes it possible to measure exosomes secreted into the culture medium with high linearity and wide dynamic range in a high-throughput manner. We demonstrate that data obtained by luminescent quantification are well correlated with data obtained by conventional nanoparticle tracking analysis under multiple conditions. In addition, our system is capable of evaluating the recipient cells or tissues that take up exosomes, as well as visualizing exosomes in vivo. The proposed system represents a powerful tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying exosome production, uptake, and long-term distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Hikita
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mamiko Miyata
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Risayo Watanabe
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chitose Oneyama
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan. .,JST, PRESTO, Nagoya, Japan.
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29
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Kokuda R, Watanabe R, Okuzaki D, Akamatsu H, Oneyama C. MicroRNA-137-mediated Src oncogenic signaling promotes cancer progression. Genes Cells 2018; 23:688-701. [PMID: 29962093 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase c-Src is frequently overexpressed and activated in a wide variety of human cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the upregulation of c-Src remain elusive. To examine whether microRNA-mediated c-Src upregulation promotes cancer progression, we screened miRNAs with complementarity to the 3'-UTR of c-Src mRNA. Among these miRNAs, down-regulation of miR-137 was tightly associated with c-Src-mediated tumor progression of human colon cancer cells/tissues. Re-expression of miR-137 in human colon cancer cells suppressed tumor growth and caused the disruption of focal contacts, suppression of cell adhesion, and invasion, although restoration of c-Src in miR-137-treated cells could not fully rescue the tumor-suppressive effect of miR-137. We found that miR-137 targets AKT2 and paxillin also and miR-137-mediated regulation of c-Src /AKT2 is crucial for controlling tumor growth, whereas that of c-Src/paxillin contributes to malignancy. miR-137 suppressed Src-related oncogenic signaling and changed the expression of miRNAs that are regulated by Src activation. miR-137 controls the expression of c-Src/AKT2/paxillin and synergistically suppresses Src oncogenic signaling evoked from focal adhesions. In various human cancers that harbor c-Src upregulation, the dysfunction of this novel mechanism would serve as a critical trigger for tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Kokuda
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Risayo Watanabe
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- DNA-chip Developmental Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Chitose Oneyama
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
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30
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Cong BB, Gao MH, Li B, Wang B, Zhang B, Wang LN, Zhang SC, Li HQ, Wang Z, Han SY. Overexpression of Csk-binding protein/phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains induces cluster of differentiation 59-mediated apoptosis in Jurkat cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4139-4148. [PMID: 29725363 PMCID: PMC5920370 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Csk-binding protein/phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains (CBP/PAG) is a membrane-bound adaptor protein that downregulates the activation of Src family kinases present in lipid rafts. To elucidate the role of CBP/PAG in human T cell activation, a cell line overexpressing CBP/PAG was constructed and the function of CBP/PAG in Jurkat cells was examined. The present study revealed that increased CBP/PAG expression in T cells significantly enhanced their apoptosis and reduced cellular activation and proliferation. Overexpression of CBP/PAG suppressed the growth of Jurkat cells by recruiting c-Src and its negative regulator, C-terminal Src kinase (CSK), to lipid rafts. The negative regulation of CBP/PAG was enhanced in the presence of anti-cluster of differentiation (CD)59 monoclonal antibodies. In addition, a significant association was revealed between the location of CBP/PAG and CD59, which were co-expressed in the same region of the cell membrane, implicating a potential overlap of the elicited signaling pathways. These results indicate that CBP/PAG functions as a negative regulator of cell signal transduction and suggest that CD59 may strengthen the role of negative feedback regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Bei Cong
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Hua Gao
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shandong Qilu Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Chao Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Qiao Li
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Yi Han
- Medical Research and Laboratory Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
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31
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Lecointre C, Simon V, Kerneur C, Allemand F, Fournet A, Montarras I, Pons JL, Gelin M, Brignatz C, Urbach S, Labesse G, Roche S. Dimerization of the Pragmin Pseudo-Kinase Regulates Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation. Structure 2018; 26:545-554.e4. [PMID: 29503074 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The pseudo-kinase and signaling protein Pragmin has been linked to cancer by regulating protein tyrosine phosphorylation via unknown mechanisms. Here we present the crystal structure of the Pragmin 906-1,368 amino acid C terminus, which encompasses its kinase domain. We show that Pragmin contains a classical protein-kinase fold devoid of catalytic activity, despite a conserved catalytic lysine (K997). By proteomics, we discovered that this pseudo-kinase uses the tyrosine kinase CSK to induce protein tyrosine phosphorylation in human cells. Interestingly, the protein-kinase domain is flanked by N- and C-terminal extensions forming an original dimerization domain that regulates Pragmin self-association and stimulates CSK activity. A1329E mutation in the C-terminal extension destabilizes Pragmin dimerization and reduces CSK activation. These results reveal a dimerization mechanism by which a pseudo-kinase can induce protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Further sequence-structure analysis identified an additional member (C19orf35) of the superfamily of dimeric Pragmin/SgK269/PEAK1 pseudo-kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Lecointre
- CRBM, "Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", Univ Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Simon
- CRBM, "Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", Univ Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Clément Kerneur
- CRBM, "Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", Univ Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Aurélie Fournet
- CBS, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Ingrid Montarras
- CRBM, "Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", Univ Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Pons
- CBS, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Muriel Gelin
- CBS, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Constance Brignatz
- CRBM, "Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", Univ Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Urbach
- IGF, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Labesse
- CBS, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Serge Roche
- CRBM, "Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", Univ Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France.
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32
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Agarwal S, Ghosh R, Chen Z, Lakoma A, Gunaratne PH, Kim ES, Shohet JM. Transmembrane adaptor protein PAG1 is a novel tumor suppressor in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:24018-26. [PMID: 26993602 PMCID: PMC5029681 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(NB) is the most common extracranial pediatric solid tumor with high mortality rates. The tyrosine kinase c-Src has been known to play an important role in differentiation of NB cells, but the mechanism of c-Src regulation has not been defined. Here, we characterize PAG1 (Cbp, Csk binding protein), a central inhibitor of c-Src and other Src family kinases, as a novel tumor suppressor in NB. Clinical cohort analysis demonstrate that low expression of PAG1 is a significant prognostic factor for high stage disease, increased relapse, and worse overall survival for children with NB. PAG1 knockdown in NB cells promotes proliferation and anchorage-independent colony formation with increased activation of AKT and ERK downstream of c-Src, while PAG1 overexpression significantly rescues these effects. In vivo, PAG1 overexpression significantly inhibits NB tumorigenicity in an orthotopic xenograft model. Our results establish PAG1 as a potent tumor suppressor in NB by inhibiting c-Src and downstream effector pathways. Thus, reactivation of PAG1 and inhibition of c-Src kinase activity represents an important novel therapeutic approach for high-risk NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Agarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Rajib Ghosh
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Zaowen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Anna Lakoma
- Michael E. DeBakey, Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Preethi H Gunaratne
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Eugene S Kim
- Michael E. DeBakey, Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
| | - Jason M Shohet
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, and Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Lu Y, Yang Y, Liu Y, Hao Y, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Jiang L, Gong Y, Wu K, Liu Y. Upregulation of PAG1/Cbp contributes to adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promoted tumor progression and chemoresistance in breast cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:719-727. [PMID: 29079189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
C-terminal Src kinase (Csk)-binding protein (Cbp) is a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane adaptor protein which regulating Src family kinase (SFK) activities. Although SFKs are well known for their involvement in breast cancer, the function of Cbp in breast carcinogenesis upon the adipose-tumor microenvironment has not been investigated. Here, we reported that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) induced increased expression of Cbp accompanied by enhanced cell proliferation and chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer cell MCF-7/ADR. Depletion of Cbp in breast cancer cell by RNA interference led to remarkable inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion as well as synergy with adriamycin hydrochloride to suppress the tumor growth. Furthermore, silencing of Cbp concomitantly inhibited the expression of phosphoryl of Src, AKT and mTOR signals. Our study highlights the underlying mechanism of cross interaction between ASCs and breast cancer cells, and indicates that PAG1/Cbp in breast cancer cell may modulate tumor progression and acquired chemoresistance in the ASCs-associated breast cancer microenvironment through Src and AKT/mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshu Lu
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yipeng Yang
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yajuan Hao
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yijian Zhang
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yunping Hu
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yurong Gong
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kejin Wu
- Breast Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Laboratory of General Surgery and Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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34
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Lin LF, Wu MH, Pidugu VK, Ho IC, Su TL, Lee TC. P-glycoprotein attenuates DNA repair activity in multidrug-resistant cells by acting through the Cbp-Csk-Src cascade. Oncotarget 2017; 8:45072-45087. [PMID: 28178691 PMCID: PMC5542168 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression impairs DNA interstrand cross-linking agent-induced DNA repair efficiency in multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells. To date, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying how P-gp interferes with Src activation and subsequent DNA repair activity remain unclear. In this study, we determined that the C-terminal Src kinase-binding protein (Cbp) signaling pathway involved in the negative control of Src activation is enhanced in MDR cells. We also demonstrated that cells that ectopically express P-gp exhibit reduced activation of DNA damage response regulators, such as ATM, Chk2, Braca1 and Nbs1 and hence attenuated DNA double-strand break repair capacity and become more susceptible than vector control cells to DNA interstrand cross-linking (ICL) agents. Moreover, we demonstrated that P-gp can not only interact with Cbp and Src but also enhance the formation of inhibitory C-terminal Src kinase (Csk)-Cbp complexes that reduce phosphorylation of the Src activation residue Y416 and increase phosphorylation of the Src negative regulatory residue Y527. Notably, suppression of Cbp expression in MDR cells restores cisplatin-induced Src activation, improves DNA repair capacity, and increases resistance to ICL agents. Ectopic expression of Cbp attenuates cisplatin-induced Src activation and increases the susceptibility of cells to ICL agents. Together, the current results indicate that P-gp inhibits DNA repair activity by modulating Src activation via Cbp-Csk-Src cascade. These results suggest that DNA ICL agents are likely to have therapeutic potential against MDR cells with P-gp-overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Vijaya Kumar Pidugu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - I-Ching Ho
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tsann-Long Su
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chang Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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35
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Nagasato AI, Yamashita H, Matsuo M, Ueda K, Kioka N. The distribution of vinculin to lipid rafts plays an important role in sensing stiffness of extracellular matrix. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1136-1147. [PMID: 28485208 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1289074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness regulates cell differentiation, survival, and migration. Our previous study has shown that the interaction of the focal adhesion protein vinculin with vinexin α plays a critical role in sensing ECM stiffness and regulating stiffness-dependent cell migration. However, the mechanism how vinculin-vinexin α interaction affects stiffness-dependent cell migration is unclear. Lipid rafts are membrane microdomains that are known to affect ECM-induced signals and cell behaviors. Here, we show that vinculin and vinexin α can localize to lipid rafts. Cell-ECM adhesion, intracellular tension, and a rigid ECM promote vinculin distribution to lipid rafts. The disruption of lipid rafts with Methyl-β-cyclodextrin impaired the ECM stiffness-mediated regulation of vinculin behavior and rapid cell migration on rigid ECM. These results indicate that lipid rafts play an important role in ECM-stiffness regulation of cell migration via vinculin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Ichikawa Nagasato
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamashita
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Michinori Matsuo
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.,b Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.,b Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
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36
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Espada J, Martín-Pérez J. An Update on Src Family of Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinases Biology. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 331:83-122. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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37
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Gottlieb-Abraham E, Gutman O, Pai GM, Rubio I, Henis YI. The residue at position 5 of the N-terminal region of Src and Fyn modulates their myristoylation, palmitoylation, and membrane interactions. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:3926-3936. [PMID: 27733622 PMCID: PMC5170614 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-08-0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Using biophysical methods in live cells and palmitoylation mutants of Src and Fyn, we show that palmitoylation stabilizes the interactions of SFKs with the plasma membrane. Moreover, we show that the amino acid at position 5 regulates the myristoylation and palmitoylation of these proteins, and thereby their targeting to raft domains. The interactions of Src family kinases (SFKs) with the plasma membrane are crucial for their activity. They depend on their fatty-acylated N-termini, containing N-myristate and either a polybasic cluster (in Src) or palmitoylation sites (e.g., Fyn). To investigate the roles of these moieties in SFK membrane association, we used fluorescence recovery after photobleaching beam-size analysis to study the membrane interactions of c-Src-GFP (green fluorescent protein) or Fyn-GFP fatty-acylation mutants. Our studies showed for the first time that the membrane association of Fyn is more stable than that of Src, an effect lost in a Fyn mutant lacking the palmitoylation sites. Unexpectedly, Src-S3C/S6C (containing cysteines at positions 3/6, which are palmitoylated in Fyn) exhibited fast cytoplasmic diffusion insensitive to palmitoylation inhibitors, suggesting defective fatty acylation. Further replacement of the charged Lys-5 by neutral Gln to resemble Fyn (Src-S3C/S6C/K5Q) restored Fyn-like membrane interactions, indicating that Lys-5 in the context of Src-S3C/S6C interferes with its myristoylation/palmitoylation. This was validated by direct myristoylation and palmitoylation studies, which indicated that the residue at position 5 regulates the membrane interactions of Src versus Fyn. Moreover, the palmitoylation levels correlated with targeting to detergent-resistant membranes (rafts) and to caveolin-1. Palmitoylation-dependent preferential containment of Fyn in rafts may contribute to its lower transformation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Gottlieb-Abraham
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Orit Gutman
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Govind M Pai
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Ignacio Rubio
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Yoav I Henis
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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38
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Nallar SC, Kalvakolanu DV. GRIM-19: A master regulator of cytokine induced tumor suppression, metastasis and energy metabolism. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 33:1-18. [PMID: 27659873 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines induce cell proliferation or growth suppression depending on the context. It is increasingly becoming clear that success of standard radiotherapy and/or chemotherapeutics to eradicate solid tumors is dependent on IFN signaling. In this review we discuss the molecular mechanisms of tumor growth suppression by a gene product isolated in our laboratory using a genome-wide expression knock-down strategy. Gene associated with retinoid-IFN-induced mortality -19 (GRIM-19) functions as non-canonical tumor suppressor by antagonizing oncoproteins. As a component of mitochondrial respiratory chain, GRIM-19 influences the degree of "Warburg effect" in cancer cells as many advanced and/or aggressive tumors show severely down-regulated GRIM-19 levels. In addition, GRIM-19 appears to regulate innate and acquired immune responses in mouse models. Thus, GRIM-19 is positioned at nodes that favor cell protection and/or prevent aberrant cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreeram C Nallar
- Department of Microbiology and Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Dhan V Kalvakolanu
- Department of Microbiology and Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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39
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Chen CH, Chang WH, Su KY, Ku WH, Chang GC, Hong QS, Hsiao YJ, Chen HC, Chen HY, Wu R, Yang PC, Chen JJW, Yu SL. HLJ1 is an endogenous Src inhibitor suppressing cancer progression through dual mechanisms. Oncogene 2016; 35:5674-5685. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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40
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SLAP displays tumour suppressor functions in colorectal cancer via destabilization of the SRC substrate EPHA2. Nat Commun 2016; 5:3159. [PMID: 24457997 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptor SLAP is a negative regulator of receptor signalling in immune cells but its role in human cancer is ill defined. Here we report that SLAP is abundantly expressed in healthy epithelial intestine but strongly downregulated in 50% of colorectal cancer. SLAP overexpression suppresses cell tumorigenicity and invasiveness while SLAP silencing enhances these transforming properties. Mechanistically, SLAP controls SRC/EPHA2/AKT signalling via destabilization of the SRC substrate and receptor tyrosine kinase EPHA2. This activity is independent from CBL but requires SLAP SH3 interaction with the ubiquitination factor UBE4A and SLAP SH2 interaction with pTyr594-EPHA2. SRC phosphorylates EPHA2 on Tyr594, thus creating a feedback loop that promotes EPHA2 destruction and thereby self-regulates its transforming potential. SLAP silencing enhances SRC oncogenicity and sensitizes colorectal tumour cells to SRC inhibitors. Collectively, these data establish a tumour-suppressive role for SLAP in colorectal cancer and a mechanism of SRC oncogenic induction through stabilization of its cognate substrates.
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41
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Murai T. Cholesterol lowering: role in cancer prevention and treatment. Biol Chem 2015; 396:1-11. [PMID: 25205720 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2014-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of cholesterol is a general feature of cancer tissue, and recent evidence suggests that cholesterol plays critical roles in the progression of cancers, including breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers. The dysregulation of metabolic pathways, including those involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, is implicated in tumor development and cancer progression. Lipid rafts are highly dynamic cholesterol-enriched domains of the cell membrane, involved in various cellular functions, including the regulation of transmembrane signaling at the cell surface. It was recently demonstrated that lipid rafts also play critical roles in cancer cell adhesion and migration. This review focuses on our current understanding of how cholesterol regulation, lipid rafts, and dysregulated cholesterol biosynthesis contribute to cancer development and progression, and the therapeutic potential of cholesterol lowering for cancer prevention and treatment.
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42
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Palacios-Moreno J, Foltz L, Guo A, Stokes MP, Kuehn ED, George L, Comb M, Grimes ML. Neuroblastoma tyrosine kinase signaling networks involve FYN and LYN in endosomes and lipid rafts. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004130. [PMID: 25884760 PMCID: PMC4401789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation plays a central role in creating a highly dynamic network of interacting proteins that reads and responds to signals from growth factors in the cellular microenvironment. Cells of the neural crest employ multiple signaling mechanisms to control migration and differentiation during development. It is known that defects in these mechanisms cause neuroblastoma, but how multiple signaling pathways interact to govern cell behavior is unknown. In a phosphoproteomic study of neuroblastoma cell lines and cell fractions, including endosomes and detergent-resistant membranes, 1622 phosphorylated proteins were detected, including more than half of the receptor tyrosine kinases in the human genome. Data were analyzed using a combination of graph theory and pattern recognition techniques that resolve data structure into networks that incorporate statistical relationships and protein-protein interaction data. Clusters of proteins in these networks are indicative of functional signaling pathways. The analysis indicates that receptor tyrosine kinases are functionally compartmentalized into distinct collaborative groups distinguished by activation and intracellular localization of SRC-family kinases, especially FYN and LYN. Changes in intracellular localization of activated FYN and LYN were observed in response to stimulation of the receptor tyrosine kinases, ALK and KIT. The results suggest a mechanism to distinguish signaling responses to activation of different receptors, or combinations of receptors, that govern the behavior of the neural crest, which gives rise to neuroblastoma. Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer for which therapeutic progress has been slow. We analyzed a large number phosphorylated proteins in neuroblastoma cells to discern patterns that indicate functional signal transduction pathways. To analyze the data, we developed novel techniques that resolve data structure and visualize that structure as networks that represent both protein interactions and statistical relationships. We also fractionated neuroblastoma cells to examine the location of signaling proteins in different membrane fractions and organelles. The analysis revealed that signaling pathways are functionally and physically compartmentalized into distinct collaborative groups distinguished by phosphorylation patterns and intracellular localization. We found that two related proteins (FYN and LYN) act like central hubs in the tyrosine kinase signaling network that change intracellular localization and activity in response to activation of different receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Palacios-Moreno
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Lauren Foltz
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Ailan Guo
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew P. Stokes
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily D. Kuehn
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lynn George
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Michael Comb
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark L. Grimes
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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43
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Oneyama C, Yoshikawa Y, Ninomiya Y, Iino T, Tsukita S, Okada M. Fer tyrosine kinase oligomer mediates and amplifies Src-induced tumor progression. Oncogene 2015; 35:501-12. [PMID: 25867068 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
c-Src is upregulated in various human cancers, suggesting its role in malignant progression. However, the molecular circuits of c-Src oncogenic signaling remain elusive. Here we show that Fer tyrosine kinase oligomer mediates and amplifies Src-induced tumor progression. Previously, we showed that transformation of fibroblasts is promoted by the relocation of c-Src to non-raft membranes. In this study, we identified Fer and ezrin as non-raft c-Src targets. c-Src directly activated Fer by initiating its autophosphorylation, which was further amplified by Fer oligomerization. Fer interacted with active c-Src at focal adhesion membranes and activated Fer-phosphorylated ezrin to induce cell transformation. Fer was also crucial for cell transformation induced by v-Src or epidermal growth-factor receptor activation. Furthermore, Fer activation was required for tumorigenesis and invasiveness in some cancer cells in which c-Src is upregulated. We propose that the Src-Fer axis represents a new therapeutic target for treatment of a subset of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oneyama
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Yoshikawa
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Ninomiya
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Iino
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Tsukita
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Okada
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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44
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Oneyama C, Okada M. MicroRNAs as the fine-tuners of Src oncogenic signalling. J Biochem 2015; 157:431-8. [PMID: 25862810 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular Src (c-Src) tyrosine kinase is upregulated and believed to play a pivotal role in various human cancers. However, the molecular mechanism underlying c-Src-mediated tumour progression remains elusive. Recent studies have revealed that several microRNAs (miRNAs) function as tumour suppressors by regulating the malignant expression of signalling molecules. Aberrant expression of miRNAs is frequently observed in human cancers and should be exploited to seek related molecular targets. In this review, we focus on miRNAs found to be involved in Src signalling in various cancers. We summarize recent findings on Src-related miRNAs, their target genes, mechanisms behind their interplay and their implications for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitose Oneyama
- Division of Microbiology and Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan and Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Division of Microbiology and Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan and Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Okada
- Division of Microbiology and Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan and Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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CUB-domain-containing protein 1 overexpression in solid cancers promotes cancer cell growth by activating Src family kinases. Oncogene 2015; 34:5593-8. [PMID: 25728678 PMCID: PMC4761645 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane glycoprotein, CUB (complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1) domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is overexpressed in several cancer types and is a predictor of poor prognosis for patients on standard of care therapies. Phosphorylation of CDCP1 tyrosine sites is induced upon loss of cell adhesion and is thought to be linked to metastatic potential of tumor cells. Using a tyrosine-phosphoproteomics screening approach, we characterized the phosphorylation state of CDCP1 across a panel of breast cancer cell lines. We focused on two phospho-tyrosine pTyr peptides of CDCP1, containing Tyr707 and Tyr806, which were identified in all six lines, with the human epidermal growth factor 2-positive HCC1954 cells showing a particularly high phosphorylation level. Pharmacological modulation of tyrosine phosphorylation indicated that, the Src family kinases (SFKs) were found to phosphorylate CDCP1 at Tyr707 and Tyr806 and play a critical role in CDCP1 activity. We demonstrated that CDCP1 overexpression in HEK293 cells increases global phosphotyrosine content, promotes anchorage-independent cell growth and activates several SFK members. Conversely, CDCP1 downregulation in multiple solid cancer cell lines decreased both cell growth and SFK activation. Analysis of primary human tumor samples demonstrated a correlation between CDCP1 expression, SFK and protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Taken together, our results suggest that CDCP1 overexpression could be an interesting therapeutic target in multiple solid cancers and a good biomarker to stratify patients who could benefit from an anti-SFK-targeted therapy. Our data also show that multiple tyrosine phosphorylation sites of CDCP1 are important for the functional regulation of SFKs in several tumor types.
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Zhou D, Dong P, Li YM, Guo FC, Zhang AP, Song RZ, Zhang YM, Li ZY, Yuan D, Yang C. Overexpression of Csk-binding protein decreases growth, invasion, and migration of esophageal carcinoma cells by controlling Src activation. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:1814-1820. [PMID: 25684946 PMCID: PMC4323457 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i6.1814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the mechanisms by which Csk-binding protein (CBP) inhibits tumor progression in esophageal carcinoma.
METHODS: A CBP overexpressing esophageal carcinoma cell line (TE-1) was established. The growth, invasion, and migration of CBP-TE-1 cells, as well as the expression of Src were then determined and compared with those in normal TE-1 cells.
RESULTS: The expression of Src was decreased by the overexpression of CBP in TE-1 cells. The growth, invasion, and migration of TE-1 cells were decreased by the overexpression of CBP.
CONCLUSION: This study indicates that CBP may decrease the metastasis of esophageal carcinoma by inhibiting the activation of Src. CBP may be a potential tumor suppressor and targeting the CBP gene may be an alternative strategy for the development of therapies for esophageal carcinoma.
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Morinaga T, Abe K, Nakayama Y, Yamaguchi N, Yamaguchi N. Activation of Lyn tyrosine kinase through decreased membrane cholesterol levels during a change in its membrane distribution upon cell detachment. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26327-26343. [PMID: 25104351 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.580001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular membranes, which can serve as scaffolds for signal transduction, dynamically change their characteristics upon cell detachment. Src family kinases undergo post-translational lipid modification and are involved in a wide range of signaling events at the plasma membrane, such as cell proliferation, cell adhesion, and survival. Previously, we showed the differential membrane distributions among the members of Src family kinases by sucrose density gradient fractionation. However, little is known about the regulation of the membrane distribution of Src family kinases upon cell detachment. Here, we show that cell detachment shifts the main peak of the membrane distribution of Lyn, a member of Src family kinase, from the low density to the high density membrane fractions and enhances the kinase activity of Lyn. The change in Lyn distribution upon cell detachment involves both dynamin activity and a decrease in membrane cholesterol. Cell detachment activates Lyn through decreased membrane cholesterol levels during a change in its membrane distribution. Furthermore, cholesterol incorporation decreases Lyn activity and reduces the viability of suspension cells. These results suggest that cell detachment-induced Lyn activation through the change in the membrane distribution of Lyn plays an important role in survival of suspension cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Morinaga
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kohei Abe
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Noritaka Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
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Spuul P, Ciufici P, Veillat V, Leclercq A, Daubon T, Kramer IJ, Génot E. Importance of RhoGTPases in formation, characteristics, and functions of invadosomes. Small GTPases 2014; 5:e28195. [PMID: 24967648 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.28713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Podosomes and invadopodia (collectively known as invadosomes) are specialized plasma-membrane actin-based microdomains that combine adhesive properties with matrix degrading and/or mechanosensor activities. These organelles have been extensively studied in vitro and current concerted efforts aim at establishing their physiological relevance and subsequent association with human diseases. Proper functioning of the bone, immune, and vascular systems is likely to depend on these structures while their occurrence in cancer cells appears to be linked to tumor metastasis. The elucidation of the mechanisms driving invadosome assembly is a prerequisite to understanding their role in vivo and ultimately to controlling their functions. Adhesive and soluble ligands act via transmembrane receptors that propagate signals to the cytoskeleton via small G proteins of the Rho family, assisted by tyrosine kinases and scaffold proteins to induce invadosome formation and rearrangements. Oncogene expression and cell-cell interactions may also trigger their assembly. Manipulation of the signals that regulate invadosome formation and dynamics could therefore be a strategy to interfere with their functions in a multitude of pathological settings, such as excessive bone breakdown, infections, vascular remodeling, transendothelial diapedesis, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirjo Spuul
- Université de Bordeaux; Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1045; Bordeaux, France; IECB; European Institute of Chemistry and Biology; Pessac, France
| | - Paolo Ciufici
- Université de Bordeaux; Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1045; Bordeaux, France; IECB; European Institute of Chemistry and Biology; Pessac, France
| | - Véronique Veillat
- Université de Bordeaux; Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1045; Bordeaux, France; IECB; European Institute of Chemistry and Biology; Pessac, France
| | - Anne Leclercq
- Université de Bordeaux; Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1045; Bordeaux, France; IECB; European Institute of Chemistry and Biology; Pessac, France
| | - Thomas Daubon
- Université de Bordeaux; Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1045; Bordeaux, France; IECB; European Institute of Chemistry and Biology; Pessac, France
| | - IJsbrand Kramer
- Université de Bordeaux; Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1045; Bordeaux, France; IECB; European Institute of Chemistry and Biology; Pessac, France
| | - Elisabeth Génot
- Université de Bordeaux; Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1045; Bordeaux, France; IECB; European Institute of Chemistry and Biology; Pessac, France
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Gargalionis AN, Karamouzis MV, Papavassiliou AG. The molecular rationale of Src inhibition in colorectal carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2014; 134:2019-2029. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonios N. Gargalionis
- Molecular Oncology Unit; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School; Athens Greece
| | - Michalis V. Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School; Athens Greece
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Molecular Oncology Unit; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School; Athens Greece
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50
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Saitou T, Kajiwara K, Oneyama C, Suzuki T, Okada M. Roles of raft-anchored adaptor Cbp/PAG1 in spatial regulation of c-Src kinase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93470. [PMID: 24675741 PMCID: PMC3968143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase c-Src is upregulated in numerous human cancers, implying a role for c-Src in cancer progression. Previously, we have shown that sequestration of activated c-Src into lipid rafts via a transmembrane adaptor, Cbp/PAG1, efficiently suppresses c-Src-induced cell transformation in Csk-deficient cells, suggesting that the transforming activity of c-Src is spatially regulated via Cbp in lipid rafts. To dissect the molecular mechanisms of the Cbp-mediated regulation of c-Src, a combined analysis was performed that included mathematical modeling and in vitro experiments in a c-Src- or Cbp-inducible system. c-Src activity was first determined as a function of c-Src or Cbp levels, using focal adhesion kinase (FAK) as a crucial c-Src substrate. Based on these experimental data, two mathematical models were constructed, the sequestration model and the ternary model. The computational analysis showed that both models supported our proposal that raft localization of Cbp is crucial for the suppression of c-Src function, but the ternary model, which includes a ternary complex consisting of Cbp, c-Src, and FAK, also predicted that c-Src function is dependent on the lipid-raft volume. Experimental analysis revealed that c-Src activity is elevated when lipid rafts are disrupted and the ternary complex forms in non-raft membranes, indicating that the ternary model accurately represents the system. Moreover, the ternary model predicted that, if Cbp enhances the interaction between c-Src and FAK, Cbp could promote c-Src function when lipid rafts are disrupted. These findings underscore the crucial role of lipid rafts in the Cbp-mediated negative regulation of c-Src-transforming activity, and explain the positive role of Cbp in c-Src regulation under particular conditions where lipid rafts are perturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Saitou
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- * E-mail: (TS); (KK)
| | - Kentaro Kajiwara
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (TS); (KK)
| | - Chitose Oneyama
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Division of Mathematical Science, Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
- JST, CREST, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Okada
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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