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Singh K, Lau CK, Manigrasso G, Gama JB, Gassmann R, Carter AP. Molecular mechanism of dynein-dynactin complex assembly by LIS1. Science 2024; 383:eadk8544. [PMID: 38547289 PMCID: PMC7615804 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk8544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein is a microtubule motor vital for cellular organization and division. It functions as a ~4-megadalton complex containing its cofactor dynactin and a cargo-specific coiled-coil adaptor. However, how dynein and dynactin recognize diverse adaptors, how they interact with each other during complex formation, and the role of critical regulators such as lissencephaly-1 (LIS1) protein (LIS1) remain unclear. In this study, we determined the cryo-electron microscopy structure of dynein-dynactin on microtubules with LIS1 and the lysosomal adaptor JIP3. This structure reveals the molecular basis of interactions occurring during dynein activation. We show how JIP3 activates dynein despite its atypical architecture. Unexpectedly, LIS1 binds dynactin's p150 subunit, tethering it along the length of dynein. Our data suggest that LIS1 and p150 constrain dynein-dynactin to ensure efficient complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashish Singh
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Clinton K. Lau
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Giulia Manigrasso
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - José B. Gama
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – i3S / Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular – IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Reto Gassmann
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – i3S / Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular – IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrew P. Carter
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
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2
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Morel A, Douat C, Blangy A, Vives V. Bone resorption by osteoclasts involves fine tuning of RHOA activity by its microtubule-associated exchange factor GEF-H1. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1342024. [PMID: 38312316 PMCID: PMC10834693 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1342024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone health is controlled by the balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and degradation by osteoclasts. A disequilibrium in favor of bone resorption leads to osteolytic diseases characterized by decreased bone density. Osteoclastic resorption is dependent on the assembly of an adhesion structure: the actin ring, also called podosome belt or sealing zone, which is composed of a unique patterning of podosomes stabilized by microtubules. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating the crosstalk between actin cytoskeleton and microtubules network is key to find new treatments to inhibit bone resorption. Evidence points to the importance of the fine tuning of the activity of the small GTPase RHOA for the formation and maintenance of the actin ring, but the underlying mechanism is not known. We report here that actin ring disorganization upon microtubule depolymerization is mediated by the activation of the RHOA-ROCK signaling pathway. We next show the involvement of GEF-H1, one of RHOA guanine exchange factor highly expressed in osteoclasts, which has the particularity of being negatively regulated by sequestration on microtubules. Using a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated GEF-H1 knock-down osteoclast model, we demonstrate that RHOA activation upon microtubule depolymerization is mediated by GEF-H1 release. Interestingly, although lower levels of GEF-H1 did not impact sealing zone formation in the presence of an intact microtubule network, sealing zone was smaller leading to impaired resorption. Altogether, these results suggest that a fine tuning of GEF-H1 through its association with microtubules, and consequently of RHOA activity, is essential for osteoclast sealing zone stability and resorption function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Morel
- CRBM (Montpellier cell Biology Research Center), Univ Montpellier, CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Douat
- CRBM (Montpellier cell Biology Research Center), Univ Montpellier, CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Blangy
- CRBM (Montpellier cell Biology Research Center), Univ Montpellier, CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie Vives
- CRBM (Montpellier cell Biology Research Center), Univ Montpellier, CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research), Montpellier, France
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3
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Coló GP, Seiwert A, Haga RB. Lfc subcellular localization and activity is controlled by αv-class integrin. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:307374. [PMID: 37129180 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN)-binding integrins control a variety of cellular responses through Rho GTPases. The FN-binding integrins, αvβ3 and α5β1, are known to induce different effects on cell morphology and motility. Here, we report that FN-bound αvβ3 integrin, but not FN-bound α5β1 integrin, triggers the dissociation of the RhoA GEF Lfc (also known as GEF-H1 and ARHGEF2 in humans) from microtubules (MTs), leading to the activation of RhoA, formation of stress fibres and maturation of focal adhesions (FAs). Conversely, loss of Lfc expression decreases RhoA activity, stress fibre formation and FA size, suggesting that Lfc is the major GEF downstream of FN-bound αvβ3 that controls RhoA activity. Mechanistically, FN-engaged αvβ3 integrin activates a kinase cascade involving MARK2 and MARK3, which in turn leads to phosphorylation of several phospho-sites on Lfc. In particular, S151 was identified as the main site involved in the regulation of Lfc localization and activity. Our findings indicate that activation of Lfc and RhoA is orchestrated in FN-adherent cells in an integrin-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina P Coló
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andrea Seiwert
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Raquel B Haga
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
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4
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Yang J, Niu H, Pang S, Liu M, Chen F, Li Z, He L, Mo J, Yi H, Xiao J, Huang Y. MARK3 kinase: Regulation and physiologic roles. Cell Signal 2023; 103:110578. [PMID: 36581219 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 3 (MARK3), a member of the MARK family, regulates several essential pathways, including the cell cycle, ciliated cell differentiation, and osteoclast differentiation. It is important to understand the control of their activities as MARK3 contains an N-terminal serine/threonine kinase domain, ubiquitin-associated domain, and C-terminal kinase-associated domain, which perform multiple regulatory functions. These functions include post-translational modification (e.g., phosphorylation) and interaction with scaffolding and other proteins. Differences in the amino acid sequence and domain position result in different three-dimensional protein structures and affect the function of MARK3, which distinguish it from the other MARK family members. Recent data indicate a potential role of MARK3 in several pathological conditions, including congenital blepharophimosis syndrome, osteoporosis, and tumorigenesis. The present review focuses on the physiological and pathological role of MARK3, its regulation, and recent developments in the small molecule inhibitors of the MARK3 signalling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Yang
- Surgery of Mammary Gland and Thyroid Gland, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Panlong Campus, 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Niu
- Surgery of Mammary Gland and Thyroid Gland, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Panlong Campus, 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - ShiGui Pang
- Cancer Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Xiufeng Campus, 15 Lequn Road, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mignlong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Xiufeng Campus, 15 Lequn Road, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Xiufeng Campus, 15 Lequn Road, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Li
- Cancer Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Xiufeng Campus, 15 Lequn Road, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifei He
- Cancer Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Xiufeng Campus, 15 Lequn Road, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmei Mo
- Cancer Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Xiufeng Campus, 15 Lequn Road, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Yi
- Cancer Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Xiufeng Campus, 15 Lequn Road, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Xiufeng Campus, 15 Lequn Road, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingze Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Xiufeng Campus, 15 Lequn Road, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Reducing GEF-H1 Expression Inhibits Renal Cyst Formation, Inflammation, and Fibrosis via RhoA Signaling in Nephronophthisis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043504. [PMID: 36834937 PMCID: PMC9967383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is the most prevalent monogenic disease leading to end-stage renal failure in childhood. RhoA activation is involved in NPHP pathogenesis. This study explored the role of the RhoA activator guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)-H1 in NPHP pathogenesis. We analyzed the expression and distribution of GEF-H1 in NPHP1 knockout (NPHP1KO) mice using Western blotting and immunofluorescence, followed by GEF-H1 knockdown. Immunofluorescence and renal histology were used to examine the cysts, inflammation, and fibrosis. A RhoA GTPase activation assay and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of downstream GTP-RhoA and p-MLC2, respectively. In NPHP1 knockdown (NPHP1KD) human kidney proximal tubular cells (HK2 cells), we detected the expressions of E-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In vivo, increased expression and redistribution of GEF-H1, and higher levels of GTP-RhoA and p-MLC2 in renal tissue of NPHP1KO mice were observed, together with renal cysts, fibrosis, and inflammation. These changes were alleviated by GEF-H1 knockdown. In vitro, the expression of GEF-H1 and activation of RhoA were also increased, with increased expression of α-SMA and decreased E-cadherin. GEF-H1 knockdown reversed these changes in NPHP1KD HK2 cells. Thus, the GEF-H1/RhoA/MLC2 axis is activated in NPHP1 defects and may play a pivotal role in NPHP pathogenesis.
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Park E, Yang CR, Raghuram V, Deshpande V, Datta A, Poll BG, Leo KT, Kikuchi H, Chen L, Chou CL, Knepper MA. Data resource: vasopressin-regulated protein phosphorylation sites in the collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F43-F55. [PMID: 36264882 PMCID: PMC9762968 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00229.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasopressin controls renal water excretion through actions to regulate aquaporin-2 (AQP2) trafficking, transcription, and degradation. These actions are in part dependent on vasopressin-induced phosphorylation changes in collecting duct cells. Although most efforts have focused on the phosphorylation of AQP2 itself, phosphoproteomic studies have identified many vasopressin-regulated phosphorylation sites in proteins other than AQP2. The goal of this bioinformatics-based review is to create a compendium of vasopressin-regulated phosphorylation sites with a focus on those that are seen in both native rat inner medullary collecting ducts and cultured collecting duct cells from the mouse (mpkCCD), arguing that these sites are the best candidates for roles in AQP2 regulation. This analysis identified 51 vasopressin-regulated phosphorylation sites in 45 proteins. We provide resource web pages at https://esbl.nhlbi.nih.gov/Databases/AVP-Phos/ and https://esbl.nhlbi.nih.gov/AVP-Network/, listing the phosphorylation sites and describing annotated functions of each of the vasopressin-targeted phosphoproteins. Among these sites are 23 consensus protein kinase A (PKA) sites that are increased in response to vasopressin, consistent with a central role for PKA in vasopressin signaling. The remaining sites are predicted to be phosphorylated by other kinases, most notably ERK1/2, which accounts for decreased phosphorylation at sites with a X-p(S/T)-P-X motif. Additional protein kinases that undergo vasopressin-induced changes in phosphorylation are Camkk2, Cdk18, Erbb3, Mink1, and Src, which also may be activated directly or indirectly by PKA. The regulated phosphoproteins are mapped to processes that hypothetically can account for vasopressin-mediated control of AQP2 trafficking, cytoskeletal alterations, and Aqp2 gene expression, providing grist for future studies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Vasopressin regulates renal water excretion through control of the aquaporin-2 water channel in collecting duct cells. Studies of vasopressin-induced protein phosphorylation have focused mainly on the phosphorylation of aquaporin-2. This study describes 44 phosphoproteins other than aquaporin-2 that undergo vasopressin-mediated phosphorylation changes and summarizes potential physiological roles of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euijung Park
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chin-Rang Yang
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Viswanathan Raghuram
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Venkatesh Deshpande
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Arnab Datta
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Brian G Poll
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kirby T Leo
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hiroaki Kikuchi
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lihe Chen
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chung-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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CORO1C, a novel PAK4 binding protein, recruits phospho-PAK4 at serine 99 to the leading edge and promotes the migration of gastric cancer cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:673-685. [PMID: 35593474 PMCID: PMC9827817 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the malignant tumors in the world. PAK4 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, especially in the process of invasion and metastasis. Here we discover that CORO1C, a member of coronin family that regulates microfilament and lamellipodia formation, recruits cytoplasmic PAK4 to the leading edge of gastric cancer cells by C-terminal extension (CE) domain of CORO1C (353-457 aa). The localization of PAK4 on the leading edge of the cell depends on two necessary conditions: the phosphorylation of PAK4 on serine 99 and the binding to the CE domain of CORO1C. Unphosphorylated PAK4 on serine 99 is closely associated with microtubules by PAK4/GEF-H1/Tctex-1 complex. Once phosphorylated, PAK4 is released from microtubule, and then is recruited by CORO1C to the leading edge and regulates the CORO1C/RCC2 (regulator of chromosome condensation 2) complex, leading to the migration of gastric cancer cells. Our results reveal a new mechanism by which PAK4 regulates the migration potential of gastric cancer cells through microtubule-microfilament cross talk.
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8
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Braidotti N, do R. B. F. Lima MA, Zanetti M, Rubert A, Ciubotaru C, Lazzarino M, Sbaizero O, Cojoc D. The Role of Cytoskeleton Revealed by Quartz Crystal Microbalance and Digital Holographic Microscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084108. [PMID: 35456926 PMCID: PMC9029771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The connection between cytoskeleton alterations and diseases is well known and has stimulated research on cell mechanics, aiming to develop reliable biomarkers. In this study, we present results on rheological, adhesion, and morphological properties of primary rat cardiac fibroblasts, the cytoskeleton of which was altered by treatment with cytochalasin D (Cyt-D) and nocodazole (Noc), respectively. We used two complementary techniques: quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and digital holographic microscopy (DHM). Qualitative data on cell viscoelasticity and adhesion changes at the cell–substrate near-interface layer were obtained with QCM, while DHM allowed the measurement of morphological changes due to the cytoskeletal alterations. A rapid effect of Cyt-D was observed, leading to a reduction in cell viscosity, loss of adhesion, and cell rounding, often followed by detachment from the surface. Noc treatment, instead, induced slower but continuous variations in the rheological behavior for four hours of treatment. The higher vibrational energy dissipation reflected the cell’s ability to maintain a stable attachment to the substrate, while a cytoskeletal rearrangement occurs. In fact, along with the complete disaggregation of microtubules at prolonged drug exposure, a compensatory effect of actin polymerization emerged, with increased stress fiber formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Braidotti
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (N.B.); (M.A.d.R.B.F.L.); (M.Z.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Area Science Park-Basovizza, Strada Statale 14, Km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (C.C.); (M.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Maria Augusta do R. B. F. Lima
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (N.B.); (M.A.d.R.B.F.L.); (M.Z.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Area Science Park-Basovizza, Strada Statale 14, Km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (C.C.); (M.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Michele Zanetti
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (N.B.); (M.A.d.R.B.F.L.); (M.Z.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Area Science Park-Basovizza, Strada Statale 14, Km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (C.C.); (M.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Alessandro Rubert
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 6/A, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Catalin Ciubotaru
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Area Science Park-Basovizza, Strada Statale 14, Km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (C.C.); (M.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Marco Lazzarino
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Area Science Park-Basovizza, Strada Statale 14, Km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (C.C.); (M.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Orfeo Sbaizero
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 6/A, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Dan Cojoc
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Area Science Park-Basovizza, Strada Statale 14, Km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (C.C.); (M.L.); (D.C.)
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9
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Mast cell granule motility and exocytosis is driven by dynamic microtubule formation and kinesin-1 motor function. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265122. [PMID: 35316306 PMCID: PMC8939832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident immune cells that have numerous cytoplasmic granules which contain preformed pro-inflammatory mediators. Upon antigen stimulation, sensitized mast cells undergo profound changes to their morphology and rapidly release granule mediators by regulated exocytosis, also known as degranulation. We have previously shown that Rho GTPases regulate exocytosis, which suggests that cytoskeleton remodeling is involved in granule transport. Here, we used live-cell imaging to analyze cytoskeleton remodeling and granule transport in real-time as mast cells were antigen stimulated. We found that granule transport to the cell periphery was coordinated by de novo microtubule formation and not F-actin. Kinesore, a drug that activates the microtubule motor kinesin-1 in the absence of cargo, inhibited microtubule-granule association and significantly reduced exocytosis. Likewise, shRNA knock-down of Kif5b, the kinesin-1 heavy chain, also reduced exocytosis. Imaging showed granules accumulated in the perinuclear region after kinesore treatment or Kif5b knock-down. Complete microtubule depolymerization with nocodazole or colchicine resulted in the same effect. A biochemically enriched granule fraction showed kinesin-1 levels increase in antigen-stimulated cells, but are reduced by pre-treatment with kinesore. Kinesore had no effect on the levels of Slp3, a mast cell granule cargo adaptor, in the granule-enriched fraction which suggests that cargo adaptor recruitment to granules is independent of motor association. Taken together, these results show that granules associate with microtubules and are driven by kinesin-1 to facilitate exocytosis.
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Arhgef2 regulates mitotic spindle orientation in hematopoietic stem cells and is essential for productive hematopoiesis. Blood Adv 2021; 5:3120-3133. [PMID: 34406376 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
How hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) coordinate their divisional axis and whether this orientation is important for stem cell-driven hematopoiesis is poorly understood. Single-cell RNA sequencing data from patients with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome, show that ARHGEF2, a RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor and determinant of mitotic spindle orientation, is specifically downregulated in SDS hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). We demonstrate that transplanted Arhgef2-/- fetal liver and bone marrow cells yield impaired hematopoietic recovery and a production deficit from long-term HSCs, phenotypes that are not the result of differences in numbers of transplanted HSCs, their cell cycle status, level of apoptosis, progenitor output, or homing ability. Notably, these defects are functionally restored in vivo by overexpression of ARHGEF2 or its downstream activated RHOA GTPase. By using live imaging of dividing HSPCs, we show an increased frequency of misoriented divisions in the absence of Arhgef2. ARHGEF2 knockdown in human HSCs also impairs their ability to regenerate hematopoiesis, culminating in significantly smaller xenografts. Together, these data demonstrate a conserved role for Arhgef2 in orienting HSPC division and suggest that HSCs may divide in certain orientations to establish hematopoiesis, the loss of which could contribute to HSC dysfunction in bone marrow failure.
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11
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Zhou P, Qi Y, Fang X, Yang M, Zheng S, Liao C, Qin F, Liu L, Li H, Li Y, Ravindran E, Sun C, Wei X, Wang W, Fang L, Han D, Peng C, Chen W, Li N, Kaindl AM, Hu H. Arhgef2 regulates neural differentiation in the cerebral cortex through mRNA m 6A-methylation of Npdc1 and Cend1. iScience 2021; 24:102645. [PMID: 34142067 PMCID: PMC8185223 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is emerging as a vital factor regulating neural differentiation. Here, we report that deficiency of Arhgef2, a novel cause of a neurodevelopmental disorder we identified recently, impairs neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and synaptic formation by regulating m6A methylation. Arhgef2 knockout decreases expression of Mettl14 and total m6A level significantly in the cerebral cortex. m6A sequencing reveals that loss of Arhgef2 reduces m6A methylation of 1,622 mRNAs, including Npdc1 and Cend1, which are both strongly associated with cell cycle exit and terminal neural differentiation. Arhgef2 deficiency decreases m6A methylations of the Npdc1 and Cend1 mRNAs via down-regulation of Mettl14, and thereby inhibits the translation of Npdc1 and nuclear export of Cend1 mRNAs. Overexpression of Mettl14, Npdc1, and Cend1 rescue the abnormal phenotypes in Arhgef2 knockout mice, respectively. Our study provides a critical insight into a mechanism by which defective Arhgef2 mediates m6A-tagged target mRNAs to impair neural differentiation. Arhgef2 mediates total m6A level via Mettl14 Arhgef2 affects m6A methylations of the Npdc1 and Cend1 mRNAs Decreased m6A methylations inhibits translation of Npdc1 and nuclear export of Cend1 Reduced protein expression of Npdc1 and Cend1 hinders neural differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhou
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Qi
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuxin Zheng
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Caihua Liao
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengying Qin
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ethiraj Ravindran
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chuanbo Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinshu Wei
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Dingding Han
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Changgeng Peng
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200029 Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Na Li
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Angela M Kaindl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hao Hu
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China.,Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
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12
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Mashima T, Rosier BJHM, Oohora K, de Greef TFA, Hayashi T, Brunsveld L. Dynamic Protease Activation on a Multimeric Synthetic Protein Scaffold via Adaptable DNA-Based Recruitment Domains. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11262-11266. [PMID: 33725379 PMCID: PMC8252739 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hexameric hemoprotein (HTHP) is employed as a scaffold protein for the supramolecular assembly and activation of the apoptotic signalling enzyme caspase‐9, using short DNA elements as modular recruitment domains. Caspase‐9 assembly and activation on the HTHP platform due to enhanced proximity is followed by combinatorial inhibition at high scaffold concentrations. The DNA recruitment domains allow for reversible switching of the caspase‐9 assembly and activity state using short modulatory DNA strands. Tuning of the recruitment domain affinity allows for generating kinetically trapped active enzyme complexes, as well as for dynamic repositioning of caspases over scaffold populations and inhibition using monovalent sink platforms. The conceptual combination of a highly structured multivalent protein platform with modular DNA recruitment domains provides emergent biomimicry properties with advanced levels of control over protein assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Mashima
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bas J H M Rosier
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Koji Oohora
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tom F A de Greef
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Computational Biology group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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13
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Mashima T, Rosier BJHM, Oohora K, Greef TFA, Hayashi T, Brunsveld L. Dynamic Protease Activation on a Multimeric Synthetic Protein Scaffold via Adaptable DNA‐Based Recruitment Domains. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Mashima
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Chemical Biology Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Bas J. H. M. Rosier
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Chemical Biology Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Koji Oohora
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Suita 565–0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Tom F. A. Greef
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Chemical Biology Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Computational Biology group Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Suita 565–0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Chemical Biology Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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14
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Natriuretic peptide receptor-C releases and activates guanine nucleotide-exchange factor H1 in a ligand-dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 552:9-16. [PMID: 33740666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C) is involved in the clearance of natriuretic peptides from plasma, it also possesses other physiological functions, such as inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity through Gαi. However, the physiological roles and intracellular signaling pathways of NPR-C have yet been not fully elucidated. In this study, we identified a RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide-exchange factor, GEF-H1, as a novel binding protein of NPR-C. We demonstrated that endogenous NPR-C interacted with GEF-H1 in HeLa cells, and that the interaction between NPR-C and GEF-H1 was dependent on a 37-amino acid cytoplasmic region of NPR-C. In contrast, another natriuretic peptide receptor, NPR-A, which includes the kinase homology and guanylyl cyclase domains in the intracellular region, did not interact with GEF-H1. We also revealed that the ligands of NPR-C (i.e., ANP, CNP, and osteocrin) caused dissociation of GEF-H1 from NPR-C. Furthermore, osteocrin treatment induced phosphorylation of GEF-H1 at Ser-886, enhanced the interaction of GEF-H1 with 14-3-3, and increased the amount of activated GEF-H1. These findings strongly supported that NPR-C may be involved in diverse physiological roles by regulating GEF-H1 signaling.
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15
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Marlaire S, Dehio C. Bartonella effector protein C mediates actin stress fiber formation via recruitment of GEF-H1 to the plasma membrane. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1008548. [PMID: 33508040 PMCID: PMC7842960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bartonellae are Gram-negative facultative-intracellular pathogens that use a type-IV-secretion system (T4SS) to translocate a cocktail of Bartonella effector proteins (Beps) into host cells to modulate diverse cellular functions. BepC was initially reported to act in concert with BepF in triggering major actin cytoskeletal rearrangements that result in the internalization of a large bacterial aggregate by the so-called ‘invasome’. Later, infection studies with bepC deletion mutants and ectopic expression of BepC have implicated this effector in triggering an actin-dependent cell contractility phenotype characterized by fragmentation of migrating cells due to deficient rear detachment at the trailing edge, and BepE was shown to counterbalance this remarkable phenotype. However, the molecular mechanism of how BepC triggers cytoskeletal changes and the host factors involved remained elusive. Using infection assays, we show here that T4SS-mediated transfer of BepC is sufficient to trigger stress fiber formation in non-migrating epithelial cells and additionally cell fragmentation in migrating endothelial cells. Interactomic analysis revealed binding of BepC to a complex of the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1 and the serine/threonine-protein kinase MRCKα. Knock-out cell lines revealed that only GEF-H1 is required for mediating BepC-triggered stress fiber formation and inhibitor studies implicated activation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway downstream of GEF-H1. Ectopic co-expression of tagged versions of GEF-H1 and BepC truncations revealed that the C-terminal ‘Bep intracellular delivery’ (BID) domain facilitated anchorage of BepC to the plasma membrane, whereas the N-terminal ‘filamentation induced by cAMP’ (FIC) domain facilitated binding of GEF-H1. While FIC domains typically mediate post-translational modifications, most prominently AMPylation, a mutant with quadruple amino acid exchanges in the putative active site indicated that the BepC FIC domain acts in a non-catalytic manner to activate GEF-H1. Our data support a model in which BepC activates the RhoA/ROCK pathway by re-localization of GEF-H1 from microtubules to the plasma membrane. A wide variety of bacterial pathogens evolved numerous virulence factors to subvert cellular processes in support of a successful infection process. Likewise, bacteria of the genus Bartonella translocate a cocktail of effector proteins (Beps) via a type-IV-secretion system into infected cells in order to interfere with host signaling processes involved in cytoskeletal dynamics, apoptosis control, and innate immune responses. In this study, we demonstrate that BepC triggers actin stress fiber formation and a linked cell fragmentation phenotype resulting from distortion of rear-end retraction during cell migration. The ability of BepC to induce actin stress fiber formation is directly associated with its ability to bind GEF-H1, an activator of the RhoA pathway that is sequestered in an inactive state when bound to microtubules but becomes activated upon release to the cytoplasm. Our findings suggest that BepC is anchored via its BID domain to the plasma membrane where it recruits GEF-H1 via its FIC domain, eventually activating the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway and leading to stress fiber formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Dehio
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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16
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Fine N, Gracey E, Dimitriou I, La Rose J, Glogauer M, Rottapel R. GEF-H1 Is Required for Colchicine Inhibition of Neutrophil Rolling and Recruitment in Mouse Models of Gout. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:3300-3310. [PMID: 33199537 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gout is a painful arthritic inflammatory disease caused by buildup of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joints. Colchicine, a microtubule-depolymerizing agent that is used in prophylaxis and treatment of acute gout flare, alleviates the painful inflammatory response to MSU crystals. Using i.p. and intra-articular mouse models of gout-like inflammation, we found that GEF-H1/GEF-H1/AHRGEF2, a microtubule-associated Rho-GEF, was necessary for the inhibitory effect of colchicine on neutrophil recruitment. GEF-H1 was required for neutrophil polarization in response to colchicine, characterized by uropod formation, accumulation of F-actin and myosin L chain at the leading edge, and accumulation of phosphorylated myosin L chain, flotillin-2, and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) in the uropod. Wild-type neutrophils that were pre-exposed to colchicine failed to roll or accumulate on activated endothelial monolayers, whereas GEF-H1 knockout (GEF-H1-/-) neutrophils were unaffected by treatment with colchicine. In vivo, colchicine blocked MSU-induced recruitment of neutrophils to the peritoneum and the synovium in wild-type mice, but not in GEF-H1-/- mice. Inhibition of macrophage IL-1β production by colchicine was independent of GEF-H1, supporting a neutrophil-intrinsic mode of action. Our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of colchicine in acute gout-like inflammation can be accounted for by inhibition of neutrophil-rolling interactions with the inflamed vasculature and occurs through GEF-H1-dependent neutrophil stimulation by colchicine. These results contribute to our understanding of the therapeutic action of colchicine, and could inform the application of this drug in other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Fine
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Eric Gracey
- Vlaams Institute for Biotechnology Centre for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ioannis Dimitriou
- Department of Immunology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - José La Rose
- Department of Immunology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Department of Immunology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; .,Department of Medicine, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; and.,Division of Rheumatology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
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17
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Joo E, Olson MF. Regulation and functions of the RhoA regulatory guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1. Small GTPases 2020; 12:358-371. [PMID: 33126816 PMCID: PMC8583009 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2020.1840889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery by Madaule and Axel in 1985 of the first Ras homologue (Rho) protein in Aplysia and its human orthologue RhoB, membership in the Rho GTPase family has grown to 20 proteins, with representatives in all eukaryotic species. These GTPases are molecular switches that cycle between active (GTP bound) and inactivate (GDP bound) states. The exchange of GDP for GTP on Rho GTPases is facilitated by guanine exchange factors (GEFs). Approximately 80 Rho GEFs have been identified to date, and only a few GEFs associate with microtubules. The guanine nucleotide exchange factor H1, GEF-H1, is a unique GEF that associates with microtubules and is regulated by the polymerization state of microtubule networks. This review summarizes the regulation and functions of GEF-H1 and discusses the roles of GEF-H1 in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael F Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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18
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Mastrogiovanni M, Juzans M, Alcover A, Di Bartolo V. Coordinating Cytoskeleton and Molecular Traffic in T Cell Migration, Activation, and Effector Functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:591348. [PMID: 33195256 PMCID: PMC7609836 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.591348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic localization of receptors and signaling molecules at the plasma membrane and within intracellular vesicular compartments is crucial for T lymphocyte sensing environmental cues, triggering membrane receptors, recruiting signaling molecules, and fine-tuning of intracellular signals. The orchestrated action of actin and microtubule cytoskeleton and intracellular vesicle traffic plays a key role in all these events that together ensure important steps in T cell physiology. These include extravasation and migration through lymphoid and peripheral tissues, T cell interactions with antigen-presenting cells, T cell receptor (TCR) triggering by cognate antigen–major histocompatibility complex (MHC) complexes, immunological synapse formation, cell activation, and effector functions. Cytoskeletal and vesicle traffic dynamics and their interplay are coordinated by a variety of regulatory molecules. Among them, polarity regulators and membrane–cytoskeleton linkers are master controllers of this interplay. Here, we review the various ways the T cell plasma membrane, receptors, and their signaling machinery interplay with the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton and with intracellular vesicular compartments. We highlight the importance of this fine-tuned crosstalk in three key stages of T cell biology involving cell polarization: T cell migration in response to chemokines, immunological synapse formation in response to antigen cues, and effector functions. Finally, we discuss two examples of perturbation of this interplay in pathological settings, such as HIV-1 infection and mutation of the polarity regulator and tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) that leads to familial polyposis and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mastrogiovanni
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer - Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM-U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Marie Juzans
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer - Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM-U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Andrés Alcover
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer - Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM-U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Vincenzo Di Bartolo
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer - Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM-U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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19
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Kashyap AS, Fernandez-Rodriguez L, Zhao Y, Monaco G, Trefny MP, Yoshida N, Martin K, Sharma A, Olieric N, Shah P, Stanczak M, Kirchhammer N, Park SM, Wieckowski S, Laubli H, Zagani R, Kasenda B, Steinmetz MO, Reinecker HC, Zippelius A. GEF-H1 Signaling upon Microtubule Destabilization Is Required for Dendritic Cell Activation and Specific Anti-tumor Responses. Cell Rep 2020; 28:3367-3380.e8. [PMID: 31553907 PMCID: PMC6876861 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) activation is a critical step for anti-tumor T cell responses. Certain chemotherapeutics can influence DC function. Here we demonstrate that chemotherapy capable of microtubule destabilization has direct effects on DC function; namely, it induces potent DC maturation and elicits anti-tumor immunity. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor-H1 (GEF-H1) is specifically released upon microtubule destabilization and is required for DC activation. In response to chemotherapy, GEF-H1 drives a distinct cell signaling program in DCs dominated by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway and AP-1/ATF transcriptional response for control of innate and adaptive immune responses. Microtubule destabilization, and subsequent GEF-H1 signaling, enhances cross-presentation of tumor antigens to CD8 T cells. In absence of GEF-H1, anti-tumor immunity is hampered. In cancer patients, high expression of the GEF-H1 immune gene signature is associated with prolonged survival. Our study identifies an alternate intracellular axis in DCs induced upon microtubule destabilization in which GEF-H1 promotes protective anti-tumor immunity. Certain chemotherapeutics elicit potent anti-tumor immunity. Kashyap et al. demonstrate that microtubule-destabilizing chemotherapeutics induce maturation of dendritic cells through activation of microtubule-associated protein GEF-H1. This leads to effective priming of CD8 T cells against tumor antigens. GEF-H1 is critical for anti-tumor immunity of microtubule-targeting chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek S Kashyap
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Laura Fernandez-Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yun Zhao
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gianni Monaco
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel P Trefny
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Naohiro Yoshida
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kea Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ashwani Sharma
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Natacha Olieric
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Pankaj Shah
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michal Stanczak
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Kirchhammer
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sung-Moo Park
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sebastien Wieckowski
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Laubli
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rachid Zagani
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Benjamin Kasenda
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland; University of Basel, Biozentrum, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Christian Reinecker
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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20
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Seetharaman S, Etienne-Manneville S. Cytoskeletal Crosstalk in Cell Migration. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:720-735. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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21
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Bolado-Carrancio A, Rukhlenko OS, Nikonova E, Tsyganov MA, Wheeler A, Garcia-Munoz A, Kolch W, von Kriegsheim A, Kholodenko BN. Periodic propagating waves coordinate RhoGTPase network dynamics at the leading and trailing edges during cell migration. eLife 2020; 9:58165. [PMID: 32705984 PMCID: PMC7380942 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Migrating cells need to coordinate distinct leading and trailing edge dynamics but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we combine experiments and mathematical modeling to elaborate the minimal autonomous biochemical machinery necessary and sufficient for this dynamic coordination and cell movement. RhoA activates Rac1 via DIA and inhibits Rac1 via ROCK, while Rac1 inhibits RhoA through PAK. Our data suggest that in motile, polarized cells, RhoA–ROCK interactions prevail at the rear, whereas RhoA-DIA interactions dominate at the front where Rac1/Rho oscillations drive protrusions and retractions. At the rear, high RhoA and low Rac1 activities are maintained until a wave of oscillatory GTPase activities from the cell front reaches the rear, inducing transient GTPase oscillations and RhoA activity spikes. After the rear retracts, the initial GTPase pattern resumes. Our findings show how periodic, propagating GTPase waves coordinate distinct GTPase patterns at the leading and trailing edge dynamics in moving cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Bolado-Carrancio
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Oleksii S Rukhlenko
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Elena Nikonova
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Mikhail A Tsyganov
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland.,Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Pushchino, Russian Federation
| | - Anne Wheeler
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Amaya Garcia-Munoz
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Boris N Kholodenko
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
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22
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Pan M, Chew TW, Wong DCP, Xiao J, Ong HT, Chin JFL, Low BC. BNIP-2 retards breast cancer cell migration by coupling microtubule-mediated GEF-H1 and RhoA activation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz1534. [PMID: 32789168 PMCID: PMC7399486 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules display dynamic turnover during cell migration, leading to cell contractility and focal adhesion maturation regulated by Rho guanosine triphosphatase activity. This interplay between microtubules and actomyosin is mediated by guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)-H1 released after microtubule depolymerization or microtubule disconnection from focal adhesions. However, how GEF-H1 activates Rho upon microtubule disassembly remains elusive. Here, we found that BNIP-2, a BCH domain-containing protein that binds both RhoA and GEF-H1 and traffics with kinesin-1 on microtubules, is important for GEF-H1-driven RhoA activation upon microtubule disassembly. Depletion of BNIP-2 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells decreases RhoA activity and promotes cell migration. Upon nocodazole-induced microtubule disassembly, the interaction between BNIP-2 and GEF-H1 increases, while knockdown of BNIP-2 reduces RhoA activation and cell rounding via uncoupling RhoA-GEF-H1 interaction. Together, these findings revealed that BNIP-2 couples microtubules and focal adhesions via scaffolding GEF-H1 and RhoA, fine-tuning RhoA activity and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Pan
- Mechanobiology Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Ti Weng Chew
- Mechanobiology Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Darren Chen Pei Wong
- Mechanobiology Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Jingwei Xiao
- Mechanobiology Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Hui Ting Ong
- Mechanobiology Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Jasmine Fei Li Chin
- Mechanobiology Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Boon Chuan Low
- Mechanobiology Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- University Scholars Programme, 18 College Avenue East, Singapore 138593, Singapore
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23
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Douanne T, Chapelier S, Rottapel R, Gavard J, Bidère N. The LUBAC participates in lysophosphatidic acid-induced NF-κB activation. Cell Immunol 2020; 353:104133. [PMID: 32450431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The natural bioactive glycerophospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) binds to its cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the cell surface to promote the activation of several transcription factors, including NF-κB. LPA-mediated activation of NF-κB relies on the formation of a signalosome that contains the scaffold CARMA3, the adaptor BCL10 and the paracaspase MALT1 (CBM complex). The CBM complex has been extensively studied in lymphocytes, where it links antigen receptors to NF-κB activation via the recruitment of the linear ubiquitin assembly complex (LUBAC), a tripartite complex of HOIP, HOIL1 and SHARPIN. Moreover, MALT1 cleaves the LUBAC subunit HOIL1 to further enhance NF-κB activation. However, the contribution of the LUBAC downstream of GPCRs has not been investigated. By using murine embryonic fibroblasts from mice deficient for HOIP, HOIL1 and SHARPIN, we report that the LUBAC is crucial for the activation of NF-κB in response to LPA. Further echoing the situation in lymphocytes, LPA unbridles the protease activity of MALT1, which cleaves HOIL1 at the Arginine 165. The expression of a MALT1-insensitive version of HOIL1 reveals that this processing is involved in the optimal production of the NF-κB target cytokine interleukin-6. Lastly, we provide evidence that the guanine exchange factor GEF-H1 favors MALT1-mediated cleavage of HOIL1 and NF-κB signaling in this context. Together, our results unveil a critical role for the LUBAC as a positive regulator of NF-κB signaling downstream of LPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Douanne
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, Team SOAP, F-440000 Nantes, France
| | - Sarah Chapelier
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, Team SOAP, F-440000 Nantes, France
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Gavard
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, Team SOAP, F-440000 Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Site René Gauducheau, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Nicolas Bidère
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, Team SOAP, F-440000 Nantes, France.
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24
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Lai HJ, Hsu YH, Lee GY, Chiang HS. Microtubule-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Is Independent of Microtubule-Associated Innate Immune Factor GEF-H1 in Murine Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041302. [PMID: 32075101 PMCID: PMC7072875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are intracellular multiple protein complexes that mount innate immune responses to tissue damage and invading pathogens. Their excessive activation is crucial in the development and pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders. Microtubules have been reported to provide the platform for mediating the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Recently, we have identified the microtubule-associated immune molecule guanine nucleotide exchange factor-H1 (GEF-H1) that is crucial in coupling microtubule dynamics to the initiation of microtubule-mediated immune responses. However, whether GEF-H1 also controls the activation of other immune receptors that require microtubules is still undefined. Here we employed GEF-H1-deficient mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) to interrogate the impact of GEF-H1 on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. NLRP3 but not NLRC4 or AIM2 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production was dependent on dynamic microtubule network in wild-type (WT) BMDMs. However, GEF-H1 deficiency did not affect NLRP3-driven IL-1β maturation and secretion in macrophages. Moreover, α-tubulin acetylation and mitochondria aggregations were comparable between WT and GEF-H1-deficient BMDMs in response to NLRP3 inducers. Further, GEF-H1 was not required for NLRP3-mediated immune defense against Salmonella typhimurium infection. Collectively, these findings suggest that the microtubule-associated immune modulator GEF-H1 is dispensable for microtubule-mediated NLRP3 activation and host defense in mouse macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Ju Lai
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ying Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Sen Chiang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-3366-2454
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25
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Seetharaman S, Etienne-Manneville S. Microtubules at focal adhesions – a double-edged sword. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/19/jcs232843. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix is essential for cellular processes, such as migration and invasion. In response to cues from the microenvironment, integrin-mediated adhesions alter cellular behaviour through cytoskeletal rearrangements. The tight association of the actin cytoskeleton with adhesive structures has been extensively studied, whereas the microtubule network in this context has gathered far less attention. In recent years, however, microtubules have emerged as key regulators of cell adhesion and migration through their participation in adhesion turnover and cellular signalling. In this Review, we focus on the interactions between microtubules and integrin-mediated adhesions, in particular, focal adhesions and podosomes. Starting with the association of microtubules with these adhesive structures, we describe the classical role of microtubules in vesicular trafficking, which is involved in the turnover of cell adhesions, before discussing how microtubules can also influence the actin–focal adhesion interplay through RhoGTPase signalling, thereby orchestrating a very crucial crosstalk between the cytoskeletal networks and adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja Seetharaman
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12 Rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75015 Paris, France
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26
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Azoitei ML, Noh J, Marston DJ, Roudot P, Marshall CB, Daugird TA, Lisanza SL, Sandí MJ, Ikura M, Sondek J, Rottapel R, Hahn KM, Danuser G. Spatiotemporal dynamics of GEF-H1 activation controlled by microtubule- and Src-mediated pathways. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3077-3097. [PMID: 31420453 PMCID: PMC6719461 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201812073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho family GTPases are activated with precise spatiotemporal control by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Guanine exchange factor H1 (GEF-H1), a RhoA activator, is thought to act as an integrator of microtubule (MT) and actin dynamics in diverse cell functions. Here we identify a GEF-H1 autoinhibitory sequence and exploit it to produce an activation biosensor to quantitatively probe the relationship between GEF-H1 conformational change, RhoA activity, and edge motion in migrating cells with micrometer- and second-scale resolution. Simultaneous imaging of MT dynamics and GEF-H1 activity revealed that autoinhibited GEF-H1 is localized to MTs, while MT depolymerization subadjacent to the cell cortex promotes GEF-H1 activation in an ~5-µm-wide peripheral band. GEF-H1 is further regulated by Src phosphorylation, activating GEF-H1 in a narrower band ~0-2 µm from the cell edge, in coordination with cell protrusions. This indicates a synergistic intersection between MT dynamics and Src signaling in RhoA activation through GEF-H1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai L Azoitei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jungsik Noh
- Deptartment of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Daniel J Marston
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Philippe Roudot
- Deptartment of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Timothy A Daugird
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sidney L Lisanza
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - María-José Sandí
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mitsu Ikura
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John Sondek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Klaus M Hahn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Deptartment of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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27
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Sáez JJ, Diaz J, Ibañez J, Bozo JP, Cabrera Reyes F, Alamo M, Gobert FX, Obino D, Bono MR, Lennon-Duménil AM, Yeaman C, Yuseff MI. The exocyst controls lysosome secretion and antigen extraction at the immune synapse of B cells. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2247-2264. [PMID: 31197029 PMCID: PMC6605794 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201811131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BCR engagement enhances microtubule stability, which triggers the mobilization of Exo70 from the centrosome to the immune synapse. BCR engagement activates GEF-H1, which promotes exocyst assembly required for the docking and secretion of lysosomes, facilitating the extraction of surface-tethered antigens. B lymphocytes capture antigens from the surface of presenting cells by forming an immune synapse. Local secretion of lysosomes, which are guided to the synaptic membrane by centrosome repositioning, can facilitate the extraction of immobilized antigens. However, the molecular basis underlying their delivery to precise domains of the plasma membrane remains elusive. Here we show that microtubule stabilization, triggered by engagement of the B cell receptor, acts as a cue to release centrosome-associated Exo70, which is redistributed to the immune synapse. This process is coupled to the recruitment and activation of GEF-H1, which is required for assembly of the exocyst complex, used to promote tethering and fusion of lysosomes at the immune synapse. B cells silenced for GEF-H1 or Exo70 display defective lysosome secretion, which results in impaired antigen extraction and presentation. Thus, centrosome repositioning coupled to changes in microtubule stability orchestrates the spatial-temporal distribution of the exocyst complex to promote polarized lysosome secretion at the immune synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Sáez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jheimmy Diaz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Ibañez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Bozo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Cabrera Reyes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martina Alamo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - François-Xavier Gobert
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Dorian Obino
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - María Rosa Bono
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana-María Lennon-Duménil
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Charles Yeaman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - María-Isabel Yuseff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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28
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Dumoulin A, Dagane A, Dittmar G, Rathjen FG. S-palmitoylation Is Required for the Control of Growth Cone Morphology of DRG Neurons by CNP-Induced cGMP Signaling. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:345. [PMID: 30319353 PMCID: PMC6166100 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic investigations have demonstrated that a specific form of axonal branching - the bifurcation of afferents from dorsal root ganglia (DRG), cranial sensory ganglia (CSG) and mesencephalic trigeminal neurons (MTN) – is regulated by a cGMP-dependent signaling pathway. This cascade is composed of the ligand C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), the receptor guanylyl cyclase Npr2, and the cGMP-dependent protein kinase Iα (cGKIα). In the absence of any one of these components, axons no longer bifurcate, instead they turn in either an ascending or a descending direction. To gain further mechanistic insights into the process of axon bifurcation we applied different cell culture approaches to decipher downstream activities of cGKI in somatosensory growth cones. We demonstrate that CNP induces an enlargement of DRG growth cones via cGKI which is considered as the priming step of axon bifurcation in the spinal cord. This growth cone remodeling was both blocked by pharmacological inhibitors of S-palmitoylation and potentiated by blocking de-palmitoylation. cGKI colocalizes with the palmitoylome and vesicular structures including the endoplasmic reticulum, early endosomes, lysosomes primarily in the central domain of the growth cone as well as with the Golgi apparatus at the level of the soma. Interestingly, an acyl-biotin-exchange chemistry-based screen indicated that 8pCPT-cGMP-induced signaling induces S-palmitoylation of a restricted pool of proteins in the DRG-derived cell line F11. Overall, our data indicate that CNP-induced cGMP signaling via cGKI affects growth cone morphology of somatosensory afferents. Moreover, it also suggests that S-palmitoylation might play a role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alina Dagane
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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29
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Barvitenko N, Lawen A, Aslam M, Pantaleo A, Saldanha C, Skverchinskaya E, Regolini M, Tuszynski JA. Integration of intracellular signaling: Biological analogues of wires, processors and memories organized by a centrosome 3D reference system. Biosystems 2018; 173:191-206. [PMID: 30142359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myriads of signaling pathways in a single cell function to achieve the highest spatio-temporal integration. Data are accumulating on the role of electromechanical soliton-like waves in signal transduction processes. Theoretical studies strongly suggest feasibility of both classical and quantum computing involving microtubules. AIM A theoretical study of the role of the complex composed of the plasma membrane and the microtubule-based cytoskeleton as a system that transmits, stores and processes information. METHODS Theoretical analysis presented here refers to (i) the Penrose-Hameroff theory of consciousness (Orchestrated Objective Reduction; Orch OR), (ii) the description of the centrosome as a reference system for construction of the 3D map of the cell proposed by Regolini, (iii) the Heimburg-Jackson model of the nerve pulse propagation along axons' lipid bilayer as soliton-like electro-mechanical waves. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The ideas presented in this paper provide a qualitative model for the decision-making processes in a living cell undergoing a differentiation process. OUTLOOK This paper paves the way for the real-time live-cell observation of information processing by microtubule-based cytoskeleton and cell fate decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfons Lawen
- Monash University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Medical Clininc I, Cardiology/Angiology, University Hospital, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Antonella Pantaleo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Carlota Saldanha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Instituto de Bioquimica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Marco Regolini
- Department of Bioengineering and Mathematical Modeling, AudioLogic, Milan, Italy
| | - Jack A Tuszynski
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, IT-10128, Torino, Italy.
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30
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Chen X, Zhou X, Shi X, Xia X, Zhang Y, Fan D. MAP4 regulates Tctex-1 and promotes the migration of epidermal cells in hypoxia. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:1210-1215. [PMID: 30091292 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
After acute wound formation, the oxygen supply is reduced, which results in the formation of an acute hypoxic microenvironment; whether this hypoxic microenvironment enhances epidermal cell migration and the underlying regulatory molecular mechanism of this effect are unclear. In this study, HaCaT cells were maintained under hypoxic (1% oxygen) or normoxic conditions. Methods including immunofluorescence staining, wound scratch assays, transwell assays, Western blotting and high- and low-expression lentiviral vector transfection were utilized to observe the changes in cell migration, microtubule dynamics and the expression levels of microtubule-associated protein (MAP) 4 and the light chain protein DYNLT1 (Tctex-1). The possible mechanisms were studied and discussed. The results showed that epidermal cell migration was enhanced during early hypoxia. Further experiments revealed that MAP4 regulates microtubule dynamics and promotes epidermal cell migration through Tctex-1. MAP4 and Tctex-1 play important roles in regulating the migration of epidermal cells under hypoxia. This evidence will provide a basis for further revealing the cellular and molecular mechanisms of local wound hypoxia and for promoting wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohua Shi
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Xia
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongli Fan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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31
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Tay YD, Leda M, Goryachev AB, Sawin KE. Local and global Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factors for fission yeast cell polarity are coordinated by microtubules and the Tea1-Tea4-Pom1 axis. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.216580. [PMID: 29930085 PMCID: PMC6080602 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.216580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved Rho-family GTPase Cdc42 plays a central role in eukaryotic cell polarity. The rod-shaped fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has two Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), Scd1 and Gef1, but little is known about how they are coordinated in polarized growth. Although the microtubule cytoskeleton is normally not required for polarity maintenance in fission yeast, we show here that when scd1 function is compromised, disruption of microtubules or the polarity landmark proteins Tea1, Tea4 or Pom1 leads to disruption of polarized growth. Instead, cells adopt an isotropic-like pattern of growth, which we term PORTLI growth. Surprisingly, PORTLI growth is caused by spatially inappropriate activity of Gef1. Although most Cdc42 GEFs are membrane associated, we find that Gef1 is a broadly distributed cytosolic protein rather than a membrane-associated protein at cell tips like Scd1. Microtubules and the Tea1–Tea4–Pom1 axis counteract inappropriate Gef1 activity by regulating the localization of the Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein Rga4. Our results suggest a new model of fission yeast cell polarity regulation, involving coordination of ‘local’ (Scd1) and ‘global’ (Gef1) Cdc42 GEFs via microtubules and microtubule-dependent polarity landmarks. Highlighted Article: Cell polarity in fission yeast is regulated by two different Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factors, coordinated by the microtubule-dependent landmark system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Dee Tay
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Marcin Leda
- SynthSys - Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, CH Waddington Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Andrew B Goryachev
- SynthSys - Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, CH Waddington Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Kenneth E Sawin
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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32
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Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein 1 is an important microtubule-based motor in many eukaryotic cells. Dynein has critical roles both in interphase and during cell division. Here, we focus on interphase cargoes of dynein, which include membrane-bound organelles, RNAs, protein complexes and viruses. A central challenge in the field is to understand how a single motor can transport such a diverse array of cargoes and how this process is regulated. The molecular basis by which each cargo is linked to dynein and its cofactor dynactin has started to emerge. Of particular importance for this process is a set of coiled-coil proteins - activating adaptors - that both recruit dynein-dynactin to their cargoes and activate dynein motility.
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33
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Ismail OZ, Sriranganathan S, Zhang X, Bonventre JV, Zervos AS, Gunaratnam L. Tctex-1, a novel interaction partner of Kidney Injury Molecule-1, is required for efferocytosis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6877-6895. [PMID: 29693725 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a phosphatidylserine receptor that is specifically upregulated on proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) during acute kidney injury and mitigates tissue damage by mediating efferocytosis (the phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells). The signaling molecules that regulate efferocytosis in TECs are not well understood. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified the dynein light chain protein, Tctex-1, as a novel KIM-1-interacting protein. Immunoprecipitation and confocal imaging studies suggested that Tctex-1 associates with KIM-1 in cells at baseline, but, dissociates from KIM-1 within 90 min of initiation of efferocytosis. Interfering with actin or microtubule polymerization interestingly prevented the dissociation of KIM-1 from Tctex-1. Moreover, the subcellular localization of Tctex-1 changed from being microtubule-associated to mainly cytosolic upon expression of KIM-1. Short hairpin RNA-mediated silencing of endogenous Tctex-1 in cells significantly inhibited efferocytosis to levels comparable to that of knock down of KIM-1 in the same cells. Importantly, Tctex-1 was not involved in the delivery of KIM-1 to the cell-surface. On the other hand, KIM-1 expression significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of Tctex-1 at threonine 94 (T94), a post-translational modification which is known to disrupt the binding of Tctex-1 to dynein on microtubules. In keeping with this, we found that KIM-1 bound less efficiently to the phosphomimic (T94E) mutant of Tctex-1 compared to wild type Tctex-1. Surprisingly, expression of Tctex-1 T94E did not influence KIM-1-mediated efferocytosis. Our studies uncover a previously unknown role for Tctex-1 in KIM-1-dependent efferocytosis in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Z Ismail
- Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saranga Sriranganathan
- Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xizhong Zhang
- Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antonis S Zervos
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | - Lakshman Gunaratnam
- Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Western University, Ontario, Canada
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34
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Nekrasova O, Harmon RM, Broussard JA, Koetsier JL, Godsel LM, Fitz GN, Gardel ML, Green KJ. Desmosomal cadherin association with Tctex-1 and cortactin-Arp2/3 drives perijunctional actin polymerization to promote keratinocyte delamination. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1053. [PMID: 29535305 PMCID: PMC5849617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermis is a multi-layered epithelium that serves as a barrier against water loss and environmental insults. Its morphogenesis occurs through a tightly regulated program of biochemical and architectural changes during which basal cells commit to differentiate and move towards the skin's surface. Here, we reveal an unexpected role for the vertebrate cadherin desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) in remodeling the actin cytoskeleton to promote the transit of basal cells into the suprabasal layer through a process of delamination, one mechanism of epidermal stratification. Actin remodeling requires the interaction of Dsg1 with the dynein light chain, Tctex-1 and the actin scaffolding protein, cortactin. We demonstrate that Tctex-1 ensures the correct membrane compartmentalization of Dsg1-containing desmosomes, allowing cortactin/Arp2/3-dependent perijunctional actin polymerization and decreasing tension at E-cadherin junctions to promote keratinocyte delamination. Moreover, Dsg1 is sufficient to enable simple epithelial cells to exit a monolayer to form a second layer, highlighting its morphogenetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Nekrasova
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611, IL, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611, IL, USA
| | - Robert M Harmon
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611, IL, USA
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, IL, USA
| | - Joshua A Broussard
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611, IL, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer L Koetsier
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611, IL, USA
| | - Lisa M Godsel
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611, IL, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611, IL, USA
| | - Gillian N Fitz
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611, IL, USA
| | - Margaret L Gardel
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611, IL, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611, IL, USA.
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35
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Jiao M, Wu D, Wei Q. Myosin II-interacting guanine nucleotide exchange factor promotes bleb retraction via stimulating cortex reassembly at the bleb membrane. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:643-656. [PMID: 29321250 PMCID: PMC6004584 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-10-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Blebs are involved in various biological processes such as cell migration, cytokinesis, and apoptosis. While the expansion of blebs is largely an intracellular pressure-driven process, the retraction of blebs is believed to be driven by RhoA activation that leads to the reassembly of the actomyosin cortex at the bleb membrane. However, it is still poorly understood how RhoA is activated at the bleb membrane. Here, we provide evidence demonstrating that myosin II-interacting guanine nucleotide exchange factor (MYOGEF) is implicated in bleb retraction via stimulating RhoA activation and the reassembly of an actomyosin network at the bleb membrane during bleb retraction. Interaction of MYOGEF with ezrin, a well-known regulator of bleb retraction, is required for MYOGEF localization to retracting blebs. Notably, knockout of MYOGEF or ezrin not only disrupts RhoA activation at the bleb membrane, but also interferes with nonmuscle myosin II localization and activation, as well as actin polymerization in retracting blebs. Importantly, MYOGEF knockout slows down bleb retraction. We propose that ezrin interacts with MYOGEF and recruits it to retracting blebs, where MYOGEF activates RhoA and promotes the reassembly of the cortical actomyosin network at the bleb membrane, thus contributing to the regulation of bleb retraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jiao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458
| | - Qize Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458
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36
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Fine N, Dimitriou ID, Rottapel R. Go with the flow: GEF-H1 mediated shear stress mechanotransduction in neutrophils. Small GTPases 2017; 11:23-31. [PMID: 29188751 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1332505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils in circulation experience significant shear forces due to blood flow when they tether to the vascular endothelium. Biochemical and biophysical responses of neutrophils to the physical force of flowing blood modulate their behavior and promote tissue recruitment under pro-inflammatory conditions. Neutrophil mechanotransduction responses occur through mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. In our recent work, we showed that GEF-H1, a RhoA specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), is required to maintain neutrophil motility and migration in response to shear stress. GEF-H1 re-localizes to flottilin-rich uropods in neutrophils in response to fluid shear stress and promotes spreading and crawling on activated endothelial cells. GEF-H1 drives cellular contractility through myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation downstream of the Rho-ROCK signaling axis. We propose that GEF-H1-dependent cell spreading and crawling in shear stress-dependent neutrophil recruitment from the vasculature are due to the specific localization of Rho-induced contractility in the uropod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Fine
- Matrix Dynamics Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ioannis D Dimitriou
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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37
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Sandí MJ, Marshall CB, Balan M, Coyaud É, Zhou M, Monson DM, Ishiyama N, Chandrakumar AA, La Rose J, Couzens AL, Gingras AC, Raught B, Xu W, Ikura M, Morrison DK, Rottapel R. MARK3-mediated phosphorylation of ARHGEF2 couples microtubules to the actin cytoskeleton to establish cell polarity. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/503/eaan3286. [PMID: 29089450 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan3286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The PAR-1-MARK pathway controls cell polarity through the phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins. Rho-Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 (ARHGEF2), which activates Ras homolog family member A (RHOA), is anchored to the microtubule network and sequestered in an inhibited state through binding to dynein light chain Tctex-1 type 1 (DYNLT1). We showed in mammalian cells that liver kinase B1 (LKB1) activated the microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 3 (MARK3), which in turn phosphorylated ARHGEF2 at Ser151 This modification disrupted the interaction between ARHGEF2 and DYNLT1 by generating a 14-3-3 binding site in ARHGEF2, thus causing ARHGEF2 to dissociate from microtubules. Phosphorylation of ARHGEF2 by MARK3 stimulated RHOA activation and the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions, and was required for organized cellular architecture in three-dimensional culture. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) dephosphorylated Ser151 in ARHGEF2 to restore the inhibited state. Thus, we have identified a regulatory switch controlled by MARK3 that couples microtubules to the actin cytoskeleton to establish epithelial cell polarity through ARHGEF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Sandí
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Christopher B Marshall
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Marc Balan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Étienne Coyaud
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ming Zhou
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Daniel M Monson
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Noboru Ishiyama
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Arun A Chandrakumar
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - José La Rose
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Amber L Couzens
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mitsuhiko Ikura
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Deborah K Morrison
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
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38
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Wang H, Wang J, Yang J, Yang X, He J, Wang R, Liu S, Zhou L, Ma L. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor -H1 promotes inflammatory cytokine production and intracellular mycobacterial elimination in macrophages. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1695-1704. [PMID: 28783414 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1347739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), which causes tuberculosis, is a host-adapted intracellular pathogen that can live within macrophages owning to its ability to arrest phagolysosome biogenesis. The guanine nucleotide exchange factor H1 (GEF-H1) may contribute to the phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages through mediating the crosstalk between microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton. Its role in Shigella infection has been determined but little is known about the role of GEF-H1 in mycobacterial infection. In the present study, we demonstrated that GEF-H1 functioned as a key regulator of the macrophage-mediated anti-mycobacterial response. We found that both mRNA and protein expression levels of GEF-H1 were significantly upregulated in macrophage during mycobacterial infection. Moreover, silencing of GEF-H1 with specific siRNAs reduced the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and TANK binding kinase 1 as well as the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and interferon-β (IFN-β), without affecting nitric oxide production or autophagy. Importantly, GEF-H1 depletion attenuated macrophages-mediated mycobacterial phagocytosis and elimination. Taken together, our data supported that GEF-H1 was a novel regulator of inflammatory cytokine production and mycobacterial elimination, and may serve as a novel potential target for clinical treatment of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- a Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jinli Wang
- a Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- a Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- a Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jianchun He
- a Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ruining Wang
- a Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Sudong Liu
- a Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Lin Zhou
- b Center for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province , Guangzhou , China
| | - Li Ma
- a Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
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39
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Joo EE, Yamada KM. Post-polymerization crosstalk between the actin cytoskeleton and microtubule network. BIOARCHITECTURE 2017; 6:53-9. [PMID: 27058810 DOI: 10.1080/19490992.2016.1171428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellular cytoskeletal systems play many pivotal roles in living organisms by controlling cell shape, division, and migration, which ultimately govern morphology, physiology, and functions of animals. Although the cytoskeletal systems are distinct and play different roles, there is growing evidence that these diverse cytoskeletal systems coordinate their functions with each other. This coordination between cytoskeletal systems, often termed cytoskeletal crosstalk, has been identified when the dynamic state of one individual system affects the other system. In this review, we briefly describe some well-established examples of crosstalk between cytoskeletal systems and then introduce a newly discovered form of crosstalk between the actin cytoskeleton and microtubule network that does not appear to directly alter polymerization or depolymerization of either system. The biological impact and possible significance of this post-polymerization crosstalk between actin and microtubules will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Emily Joo
- a Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- a Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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40
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Kent OA, Sandi MJ, Rottapel R. Co-dependency between KRAS addiction and ARHGEF2 promotes an adaptive escape from MAPK pathway inhibition. Small GTPases 2017; 10:441-448. [PMID: 28656876 PMCID: PMC6748365 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1337545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic KRAS engages multiple effector pathways including the MAPK cascade to promote proliferation and survival of pancreatic cancer cells. KRAS-transformed cancer cells exhibit oncogene addiction to sustained activity of RAS for maintenance of malignant phenotypes. Previously, we have shown an essential role for the RHO guanine exchange factor ARHGEF2 for growth and survival of RAS-transformed pancreatic tumors. Here, we have determined that pancreatic cancer cells demonstrating KRAS addiction are significantly dependent on expression of ARHGEF2. Furthermore, enforced expression of ARHGEF2 desensitizes cells to pharmacological MEK inhibition and initiates a positive feedback loop which activates ERK phosphorylation and the downstream ARHGEF2 promoter. Therefore, targeting ARHGEF2 expression may increase the efficacy of MAPK inhibitors for treatment of RAS-dependent pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver A Kent
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Maria-Jose Sandi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,Department of Medicine , Toronto , Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics , Toronto , Canada.,Department of Immunology , Toronto , Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto , Canada
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41
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Fine N, Dimitriou ID, Rullo J, Sandí MJ, Petri B, Haitsma J, Ibrahim H, La Rose J, Glogauer M, Kubes P, Cybulsky M, Rottapel R. GEF-H1 is necessary for neutrophil shear stress-induced migration during inflammation. J Cell Biol 2017; 215:107-119. [PMID: 27738004 PMCID: PMC5057286 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201603109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In their work, Fine et al. demonstrate that GEF-H1 is required for the spreading and crawling of neutrophils in response to intravascular blood flow. They uncover a novel mechanism that couples shear stress with Rho-dependent migratory behavior of neutrophils during inflammation. Leukocyte crawling and transendothelial migration (TEM) are potentiated by shear stress caused by blood flow. The mechanism that couples shear stress to migration has not been fully elucidated. We found that mice lacking GEF-H1 (GEF-H1−/−), a RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), displayed limited migration and recruitment of neutrophils into inflamed tissues. GEF-H1−/− leukocytes were deficient in in vivo crawling and TEM in the postcapillary venules. We demonstrated that although GEF-H1 deficiency had little impact on the migratory properties of neutrophils under static conditions, shear stress triggered GEF-H1–dependent spreading and crawling of neutrophils and relocalization of GEF-H1 to flotillin-2–rich uropods. Our results identify GEF-H1 as a component of the shear stress response machinery in neutrophils required for a fully competent immune response to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Fine
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1L7, Canada Matrix Dynamics Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Ioannis D Dimitriou
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1L7, Canada
| | - Jacob Rullo
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - María José Sandí
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Björn Petri
- Immunology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jack Haitsma
- Department of Anesthesiology, VU Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hisham Ibrahim
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Jose La Rose
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Matrix Dynamics Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- Immunology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Myron Cybulsky
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1L7, Canada Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1L7, Canada Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1L7, Canada Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
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42
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Dynamic microtubules regulate cellular contractility during T-cell activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E4175-E4183. [PMID: 28490501 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614291114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR) triggering and subsequent T-cell activation are essential for the adaptive immune response. Recently, multiple lines of evidence have shown that force transduction across the TCR complex is involved during TCR triggering, and that the T cell might use its force-generation machinery to probe the mechanical properties of the opposing antigen-presenting cell, giving rise to different signaling and physiological responses. Mechanistically, actin polymerization and turnover have been shown to be essential for force generation by T cells, but how these actin dynamics are regulated spatiotemporally remains poorly understood. Here, we report that traction forces generated by T cells are regulated by dynamic microtubules (MTs) at the interface. These MTs suppress Rho activation, nonmuscle myosin II bipolar filament assembly, and actin retrograde flow at the T-cell-substrate interface. Our results suggest a novel role of the MT cytoskeleton in regulating force generation during T-cell activation.
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43
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Ravindran E, Hu H, Yuzwa SA, Hernandez-Miranda LR, Kraemer N, Ninnemann O, Musante L, Boltshauser E, Schindler D, Hübner A, Reinecker HC, Ropers HH, Birchmeier C, Miller FD, Wienker TF, Hübner C, Kaindl AM. Homozygous ARHGEF2 mutation causes intellectual disability and midbrain-hindbrain malformation. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006746. [PMID: 28453519 PMCID: PMC5428974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mid-hindbrain malformations can occur during embryogenesis through a disturbance of transient and localized gene expression patterns within these distinct brain structures. Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (ARHGEF) family members are key for controlling the spatiotemporal activation of Rho GTPase, to modulate cytoskeleton dynamics, cell division, and cell migration. We identified, by means of whole exome sequencing, a homozygous frameshift mutation in the ARHGEF2 as a cause of intellectual disability, a midbrain-hindbrain malformation, and mild microcephaly in a consanguineous pedigree of Kurdish-Turkish descent. We show that loss of ARHGEF2 perturbs progenitor cell differentiation and that this is associated with a shift of mitotic spindle plane orientation, putatively favoring more symmetric divisions. The ARHGEF2 mutation leads to reduction in the activation of the RhoA/ROCK/MLC pathway crucial for cell migration. We demonstrate that the human brain malformation is recapitulated in Arhgef2 mutant mice and identify an aberrant migration of distinct components of the precerebellar system as a pathomechanism underlying the midbrain-hindbrain phenotype. Our results highlight the crucial function of ARHGEF2 in human brain development and identify a mutation in ARHGEF2 as novel cause of a neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethiraj Ravindran
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum (SPZ), Center for Chronic Sick Children, Charité University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hao Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Scott A. Yuzwa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Nadine Kraemer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum (SPZ), Center for Chronic Sick Children, Charité University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Ninnemann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luciana Musante
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Detlev Schindler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angela Hübner
- Pediatrics, University Hospital, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Reinecker
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Freda D. Miller
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Christoph Hübner
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela M. Kaindl
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum (SPZ), Center for Chronic Sick Children, Charité University, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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44
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Nicholas NS, Pipili A, Lesjak MS, Wells CM. Differential role for PAK1 and PAK4 during the invadopodia lifecycle. Small GTPases 2017; 10:289-295. [PMID: 28301299 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1295830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PAK1 and PAK4 are members of the p-21 activated kinase family of serine/threonine kinases. PAK1 has previously been implicated in both the formation and disassembly of invasive cell protrusions, termed invadopodia. We recently reported a novel role for PAK4 during invadopodia maturation and confirmed a specific role for PAK1 in invadopodia formation; findings we will review here. Moreover, we found that PAK4 induction of maturation is delivered via interaction with the RhoA regulator PDZ-RhoGEF. We can now reveal that loss of PAK4 expression leads to changes in invadopodia dynamics. Ultimately we propose that PAK4 but not PAK1 is a key mediator of RhoA activity and provide further evidence that modulation of PAK4 expression levels leads to changes in RhoA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Nicholas
- a Division of Cancer Studies , New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, King's College London , London , UK.,b National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital and King's College London , London , UK
| | - Aikaterini Pipili
- a Division of Cancer Studies , New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, King's College London , London , UK.,b National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital and King's College London , London , UK
| | - Michaela S Lesjak
- a Division of Cancer Studies , New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Claire M Wells
- a Division of Cancer Studies , New Hunts House, Guy's Campus, King's College London , London , UK
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45
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Lovelace MD, Powter EE, Coleman PR, Zhao Y, Parker A, Chang GH, Lay AJ, Hunter J, McGrath AP, Jormakka M, Bertolino P, McCaughan G, Kavallaris M, Vadas MA, Gamble JR. The RhoGAP protein ARHGAP18/SENEX localizes to microtubules and regulates their stability in endothelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1066-1078. [PMID: 28251925 PMCID: PMC5391183 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-05-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Localization of a regulator of RhoGTPases (ARHGAP18) is important for microtubule stability and endothelial cell function. The localization is demonstrated by advanced imaging and biochemical techniques. RhoGTPases are important regulators of the cell cytoskeleton, controlling cell shape, migration and proliferation. Previously we showed that ARHGAP18 in endothelial cells is important in cell junctions. Here we show, using structured illumination microscopy (SIM), ground-state depletion (GSD), and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF) that a proportion of ARHGAP18 localizes to microtubules in endothelial cells, as well as in nonendothelial cells, an association confirmed biochemically. In endothelial cells, some ARHGAP18 puncta also colocalized to Weibel–Palade bodies on the microtubules. Depletion of ARHGAP18 by small interfering RNA or analysis of endothelial cells isolated from ARHGAP18-knockout mice showed microtubule destabilization, as evidenced by altered morphology and decreased acetylated α-tubulin and glu-tubulin. The destabilization was rescued by inhibition of ROCK and histone deacetylase 6 but not by a GAP-mutant form of ARHGAP18. Depletion of ARHGAP18 resulted in a failure to secrete endothelin-1 and a reduction in neutrophil transmigration, both known to be microtubule dependent. Thrombin, a critical regulator of the Rho-mediated barrier function of endothelial cells through microtubule destabilization, enhanced the plasma membrane–bound fraction of ARHGAP18. Thus, in endothelial cells, ARHGAP18 may act as a significant regulator of vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Lovelace
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Powter
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Paul R Coleman
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Yang Zhao
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Amelia Parker
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Garry H Chang
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Angelina J Lay
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Julie Hunter
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Aaron P McGrath
- Structural Biology Laboratory, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Mika Jormakka
- Structural Biology Laboratory, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Patrick Bertolino
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Geoffrey McCaughan
- Liver Biology and Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mathew A Vadas
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Gamble
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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46
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Neuert H, Yuva-Aydemir Y, Silies M, Klämbt C. Different modes of APC/C activation control growth and neuron-glia interaction in the developing Drosophila eye. Development 2017; 144:4673-4683. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.152694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of the nervous system requires tight control of cell division, fate specification and migration. The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that affects different steps of cell cycle progression, as well as having postmitotic functions in nervous system development. It can therefore link different developmental stages in one tissue. The two adaptor proteins Fizzy/Cdc20 and Fizzy-Related/Cdh1 confer APC/C substrate specificity. Here we show that two distinct modes of APC/C function act during Drosophila eye development. Fizzy/Cdc20 controls the early growth of the eye disc anlage and the concomitant entry of glial cells onto the disc. In contrast, fzr/cdh1 acts during neuronal patterning and photoreceptor axon growth, and subsequently affects neuron-glia interaction. To further address the postmitotic role of Fzr/Cdh1 in controlling neuron-glia interaction, we identified a series of novel APC/C candidate substrates. Four of our candidate genes are required for fzr/cdh1 dependent neuron-glia interaction, including the dynein light chain Dlc90F. Taken together, our data show how different modes of APC/C activation can couple early growth and neuron-glia interaction during eye disc development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Neuert
- Institut für Neurobiologie, Universität Münster, Badestr. 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Present address: Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yeliz Yuva-Aydemir
- Institut für Neurobiologie, Universität Münster, Badestr. 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Present address: Department of Neurology, UMASS Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Marion Silies
- Institut für Neurobiologie, Universität Münster, Badestr. 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
- European Neuroscience Institute, University Medical Center Goettingen, Grisebachstr. 5, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Klämbt
- Institut für Neurobiologie, Universität Münster, Badestr. 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
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47
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Merino-Gracia J, Zamora-Carreras H, Bruix M, Rodríguez-Crespo I. Molecular Basis for the Protein Recognition Specificity of the Dynein Light Chain DYNLT1/Tctex1: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INTERACTION WITH ACTIVIN RECEPTOR IIB. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20962-20975. [PMID: 27502274 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.736884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that DYNLT1, a dynein light chain known to bind to various cellular and viral proteins, can function both as a molecular clamp and as a microtubule-cargo adapter. Recent data have shown that the DYNLT1 homodimer binds to two dynein intermediate chains to subsequently link cargo proteins such as the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Lfc or the small GTPases RagA and Rab3D. Although over 20 DYNLT1-interacting proteins have been reported, the exact sequence requirements that enable their association to the canonical binding groove or to the secondary site within the DYNLT1 surface are unknown. We describe herein the sequence recognition properties of the hydrophobic groove of DYNLT1 known to accommodate dynein intermediate chain. Using a pepscan approach, we have substituted each amino acid within the interacting peptide for all 20 natural amino acids and identified novel binding sequences. Our data led us to propose activin receptor IIB as a novel DYNLT1 ligand and suggest that DYNLT1 functions as a molecular dimerization engine bringing together two receptor monomers in the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. In addition, we provide evidence regarding a dual binding mode adopted by certain interacting partners such as Lfc or the parathyroid hormone receptor. Finally, we have used NMR spectroscopy to obtain the solution structure of human DYNLT1 forming a complex with dynein intermediate chain of ∼74 kDa; it is the first mammalian structure available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Merino-Gracia
- From the Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain and
| | - Héctor Zamora-Carreras
- Departamento Química Física Biológica, Instituto Química Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Bruix
- Departamento Química Física Biológica, Instituto Química Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rodríguez-Crespo
- From the Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain and
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48
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Fokin AI, Klementeva TS, Nadezhdina ES, Burakov AV. SLK/LOSK kinase regulates cell motility independently of microtubule organization and Golgi polarization. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:83-92. [PMID: 26818812 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell motility is an essential complex process that requires actin and microtubule cytoskeleton reorganization and polarization. Such extensive rearrangement is closely related to cell polarization as a whole. The serine/threonine kinase SLK/LOSK is a potential regulator of cell motility, as it phosphorylates a series of cytoskeleton-bound proteins that collectively participate in the remodeling of migratory cell architecture. In this work, we report that SLK/LOSK is an indispensable regulator of cell locomotion that primarily acts through the small GTPase RhoA and the dynactin subunit p150(Glued). Both RhoA and dynactin affect cytoskeleton organization, polarization, and general cell locomotory activity to various extents. However, it seems that these events are independent of each other. Thus, SLK/LOSK kinase effectively functions as a switch that links all of the processes underlying cell motility to provide robust directional movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem I Fokin
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Klementeva
- Institute of Protein Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Pushchino, Institutskaya Str, 4, 142290, Russia
| | - Elena S Nadezhdina
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, Moscow, 119992, Russia.,Institute of Protein Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Pushchino, Institutskaya Str, 4, 142290, Russia
| | - Anton V Burakov
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, Moscow, 119992, Russia
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49
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Chávez-Vargas L, Adame-García SR, Cervantes-Villagrana RD, Castillo-Kauil A, Bruystens JGH, Fukuhara S, Taylor SS, Mochizuki N, Reyes-Cruz G, Vázquez-Prado J. Protein Kinase A (PKA) Type I Interacts with P-Rex1, a Rac Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor: EFFECT ON PKA LOCALIZATION AND P-Rex1 SIGNALING. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:6182-99. [PMID: 26797121 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.712216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphology of migrating cells is regulated by Rho GTPases and fine-tuned by protein interactions and phosphorylation. PKA affects cell migration potentially through spatiotemporal interactions with regulators of Rho GTPases. Here we show that the endogenous regulatory (R) subunit of type I PKA interacts with P-Rex1, a Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor that integrates chemotactic signals. Type I PKA holoenzyme interacts with P-Rex1 PDZ domains via the CNB B domain of RIα, which when expressed by itself facilitates endothelial cell migration. P-Rex1 activation localizes PKA to the cell periphery, whereas stimulation of PKA phosphorylates P-Rex1 and prevents its activation in cells responding to SDF-1 (stromal cell-derived factor 1). The P-Rex1 DEP1 domain is phosphorylated at Ser-436, which inhibits the DH-PH catalytic cassette by direct interaction. In addition, the P-Rex1 C terminus is indirectly targeted by PKA, promoting inhibitory interactions independently of the DEP1-PDZ2 region. A P-Rex1 S436A mutant construct shows increased RacGEF activity and prevents the inhibitory effect of forskolin on sphingosine 1-phosphate-dependent endothelial cell migration. Altogether, these results support the idea that P-Rex1 contributes to the spatiotemporal localization of type I PKA, which tightly regulates this guanine exchange factor by a multistep mechanism, initiated by interaction with the PDZ domains of P-Rex1 followed by direct phosphorylation at the first DEP domain and putatively indirect regulation of the C terminus, thus promoting inhibitory intramolecular interactions. This reciprocal regulation between PKA and P-Rex1 might represent a key node of integration by which chemotactic signaling is fine-tuned by PKA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sendi Rafael Adame-García
- Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, 07360 Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Castillo-Kauil
- Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, 07360 Mexico
| | | | - Shigetomo Fukuhara
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute (NCVC), Osaka, 565-8565 Japan, and
| | - Susan S Taylor
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute (NCVC), Osaka, 565-8565 Japan, and
| | - Guadalupe Reyes-Cruz
- Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, 07360 Mexico
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50
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Merino-Gracia J, García-Mayoral MF, Rapali P, Valero RA, Bruix M, Rodríguez-Crespo I. DYNLT (Tctex-1) forms a tripartite complex with dynein intermediate chain and RagA, hence linking this small GTPase to the dynein motor. FEBS J 2015; 282:3945-58. [PMID: 26227614 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that DYNLT, a dynein light chain known to bind to various cellular and viral proteins, can function as a microtubule-cargo adaptor. Recent data showed that DYNLT links the small GTPase Rab3D to microtubules and, for this to occur, the DYNLT homodimer needs to display a binding site for dynein intermediate chain together with a binding site for the small GTPase. We have analysed in detail how RagA, another small GTPase, associates to DYNLT. After narrowing down the binding site of RagA to DYNLT we could identify that a β strand, part of the RagA G3 box involved in nucleotide binding, mediates this association. Interestingly, we show that both microtubule-associated DYNLT and cytoplasmic DYNLT are equally able to bind to the small GTPases Rab3D and RagA. Using NMR spectroscopy, we analysed the binding of dynein intermediate chain and RagA to mammalian DYNLT. Our experiments identify residues of DYNLT affected by dynein intermediate chain binding and residues affected by RagA binding, hence distinguishing the docking site for each of them. In summary, our results shed light on the mechanisms adopted by DYNLT when binding to protein cargoes that become transported alongside microtubules bound to the dynein motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Merino-Gracia
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - María Flor García-Mayoral
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Rapali
- Dynamics of Cell Growth and Division, Institut de Biologie Cellulaire et de Génétique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ruth Ana Valero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Bruix
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rodríguez-Crespo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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