1
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Técher H, Gopaul D, Heuzé J, Bouzalmad N, Leray B, Vernet A, Mettling C, Moreaux J, Pasero P, Lin YL. MRE11 and TREX1 control senescence by coordinating replication stress and interferon signaling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5423. [PMID: 38926338 PMCID: PMC11208572 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49740-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) arrests cell proliferation in response to replication stress (RS) induced by oncogenes. OIS depends on the DNA damage response (DDR), but also on the cGAS-STING pathway, which detects cytosolic DNA and induces type I interferons (IFNs). Whether and how RS and IFN responses cooperate to promote OIS remains unknown. Here, we show that the induction of OIS by the H-RASV12 oncogene in immortalized human fibroblasts depends on the MRE11 nuclease. Indeed, treatment with the MRE11 inhibitor Mirin prevented RS, micronuclei formation and IFN response induced by RASV12. Overexpression of the cytosolic nuclease TREX1 also prevented OIS. Conversely, overexpression of a dominant negative mutant of TREX1 or treatment with IFN-β was sufficient to induce RS and DNA damage, independent of RASV12 induction. These data suggest that the IFN response acts as a positive feedback loop to amplify DDR in OIS through a process regulated by MRE11 and TREX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Técher
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7284 - INSERM U1081, Nice, France
| | - Diyavarshini Gopaul
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 N, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Heuzé
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | - Nail Bouzalmad
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | - Baptiste Leray
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Vernet
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | - Clément Mettling
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, UFR Medicine, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Pasero
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France.
| | - Yea-Lih Lin
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France.
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2
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Kalashgrani MY, Mousavi SM, Akmal MH, Gholami A, Omidifar N, Chiang WH, Lai CW, Ripaj Uddin M, Althomali RH, Rahman MM. Biosensors for metastatic cancer cell detection. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 559:119685. [PMID: 38663472 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Early detection and effective cancer treatment are critical to improving metastatic cancer cell diagnosis and management today. In particular, accurate qualitative diagnosis of metastatic cancer cell represents an important step in the diagnosis of cancer. Today, biosensors have been widely developed due to the daily need to measure different chemical and biological species. Biosensors are utilized to quantify chemical and biological phenomena by generating signals that are directly proportional to the quantity of the analyte present in the reaction. Biosensors are widely used in disease control, drug delivery, infection detection, detection of pathogenic microorganisms, and markers that indicate a specific disease in the body. These devices have been especially popular in the field of metastatic cancer cell diagnosis and treatment due to their portability, high sensitivity, high specificity, ease of use and short response time. This article examines biosensors for metastatic cancer cells. It also studies metastatic cancer cells and the mechanism of metastasis. Finally, the function of biosensors and biomarkers in metastatic cancer cells is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Hussnain Akmal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Omidifar
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71468-64685, Iran
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
| | - Chin Wei Lai
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Level 3, Block A, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Universiti Malaya (UM), 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Md Ripaj Uddin
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Raed H Althomali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Al-Dawasir 11991, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) & Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Cho MG, Kumar RJ, Lin CC, Boyer JA, Shahir JA, Fagan-Solis K, Simpson DA, Fan C, Foster CE, Goddard AM, Lerner LM, Ellington SW, Wang Q, Wang Y, Ho AY, Liu P, Perou CM, Zhang Q, McGinty RK, Purvis JE, Gupta GP. MRE11 liberates cGAS from nucleosome sequestration during tumorigenesis. Nature 2024; 625:585-592. [PMID: 38200309 PMCID: PMC10794148 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06889-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Oncogene-induced replication stress generates endogenous DNA damage that activates cGAS-STING-mediated signalling and tumour suppression1-3. However, the precise mechanism of cGAS activation by endogenous DNA damage remains enigmatic, particularly given that high-affinity histone acidic patch (AP) binding constitutively inhibits cGAS by sterically hindering its activation by double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)4-10. Here we report that the DNA double-strand break sensor MRE11 suppresses mammary tumorigenesis through a pivotal role in regulating cGAS activation. We demonstrate that binding of the MRE11-RAD50-NBN complex to nucleosome fragments is necessary to displace cGAS from acidic-patch-mediated sequestration, which enables its mobilization and activation by dsDNA. MRE11 is therefore essential for cGAS activation in response to oncogenic stress, cytosolic dsDNA and ionizing radiation. Furthermore, MRE11-dependent cGAS activation promotes ZBP1-RIPK3-MLKL-mediated necroptosis, which is essential to suppress oncogenic proliferation and breast tumorigenesis. Notably, downregulation of ZBP1 in human triple-negative breast cancer is associated with increased genome instability, immune suppression and poor patient prognosis. These findings establish MRE11 as a crucial mediator that links DNA damage and cGAS activation, resulting in tumour suppression through ZBP1-dependent necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Guk Cho
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rashmi J Kumar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC MD-PhD Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chien-Chu Lin
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joshua A Boyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jamshaid A Shahir
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katerina Fagan-Solis
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dennis A Simpson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cheng Fan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christine E Foster
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anna M Goddard
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lynn M Lerner
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Simon W Ellington
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Qinhong Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alice Y Ho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pengda Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert K McGinty
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeremy E Purvis
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gaorav P Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- UNC MD-PhD Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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4
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Wang H, Canasto-Chibuque C, Kim JH, Hohl M, Leslie C, Reis-Filho JS, Petrini JH. Chronic Interferon Stimulated Gene Transcription Promotes Oncogene Induced Breast Cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.16.562529. [PMID: 37905095 PMCID: PMC10614814 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.562529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The Mre11 complex (comprising Mre11, Rad50, Nbs1) is integral to the maintenance of genome stability. We previously showed that a hypomorphic Mre11 mutant mouse strain ( Mre11 ATLD1/ATLD1 ) was highly susceptible to oncogene induced breast cancer. Here we used a mammary organoid system to examine which Mre11 dependent responses are tumor suppressive. We found that Mre11 ATLD1/ATLD1 organoids exhibited an elevated interferon stimulated gene (ISG) signature and sustained changes in chromatin accessibility. This Mre11 ATLD1/ATLD1 phenotype depended on DNA binding of a nuclear innate immune sensor, IFI205. Ablation of Ifi205 in Mre11 ATLD1/ATLD1 organoids restored baseline and oncogene-induced chromatin accessibility patterns to those observed in WT . Implantation of Mre11 ATLD1/ATLD1 organoids and activation of oncogene led to aggressive metastatic breast cancer. This outcome was reversed in implanted Ifi205 -/- Mre11 ATLD1/ATLD1 organoids. These data reveal a connection between innate immune signaling and tumor suppression in mammary epithelium. Given the abundance of aberrant DNA structures that arise in the context of genome instability syndromes, the data further suggest that cancer predisposition in those contexts may be partially attributable to tonic innate immune transcriptional programs.
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5
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Torres-Montaner A. Interactions between the DNA Damage Response and the Telomere Complex in Carcinogenesis: A Hypothesis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7582-7616. [PMID: 37754262 PMCID: PMC10527771 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45090478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrary to what was once thought, direct cancer originating from normal stem cells seems to be extremely rare. This is consistent with a preneoplastic period of telomere length reduction/damage in committed cells that becomes stabilized in transformation. Multiple observations suggest that telomere damage is an obligatory step preceding its stabilization. During tissue turnover, the telomeres of cells undergoing differentiation can be damaged as a consequence of defective DNA repair caused by endogenous or exogenous agents. This may result in the emergence of new mechanism of telomere maintenance which is the final outcome of DNA damage and the initial signal that triggers malignant transformation. Instead, transformation of stem cells is directly induced by primary derangement of telomere maintenance mechanisms. The newly modified telomere complex may promote survival of cancer stem cells, independently of telomere maintenance. An inherent resistance of stem cells to transformation may be linked to specific, robust mechanisms that help maintain telomere integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Torres-Montaner
- Department of Pathology, Queen’s Hospital, Rom Valley Way, Romford, London RM7 OAG, UK;
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biologia Molecular, Universidad de Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
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6
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Feng H, Cao S, Ouyang Q, Li H, Li X, Chen K, Zhang X, Huang Y, Zhang X, Ma X. Prevalence of germline mutations in cancer susceptibility genes in Chinese patients with renal cell carcinoma. Transl Androl Urol 2023; 12:308-319. [PMID: 36915884 PMCID: PMC10006011 DOI: 10.21037/tau-23-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Germline pathogenic variants are estimated to affect 3-5% of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The identification of patients with hereditary RCC is important for cancer screening and treatment guidance. Methods Whole-exome sequencing (WES) (n=69) or gene panel sequencing containing 139 genes (n=54) related to germline cancer predisposition was used to analyze germline mutations in 123 patients with RCC admitted to Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital. Chi-square test (χ2) was used to analyze relationship between clinicopathologic parameters and germline mutations. Results A total of 13 (10.57%) patients carried pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline mutations in 10 cancer predisposition genes, including VHL, FH, FLCN, SDHB, MUTYH, RAD51C, NBN, RAD50, FANCI, and FANCM. A total of 6 of these 10 cancer predisposition genes were associated with maintenance of genomic stability and DNA repair. Patients harboring pathogenic germline mutations tended to have an earlier RCC onset. The prevalence of deleterious mutations was higher in patients with bilateral or multifocal RCC compared to patients without bilateral or multifocal RCC. Patients with non-clear cell RCC (nccRCC) were significantly more likely to have RCC-associated gene mutations. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report of pathogenic germline mutations in the FANCI and FANCM genes and heterozygous germline missense mutation in exon 5 of the FH gene c.563A>T:p.N188I in RCC. Young RCC patients, patients with bilateral or multifocal RCC, or patients with nccRCC are more likely to have pathogenic/potentially pathogenic germline mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayi Feng
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shouqing Cao
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,College of Graduate, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Qing Ouyang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huaikang Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiubin Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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7
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Petroni M, Fabretti F, Giulio SD, Robilant VND, Monica VL, Moretti M, Belardinilli F, Bufalieri F, Anna C, Paci P, Corsi A, Smaele ED, Coni S, Canettieri G, Marcotullio LD, Wang ZQ, Giannini G. A gene dosage-dependent effect unveils NBS1 as both a haploinsufficient tumour suppressor and an essential gene for SHH-medulloblastoma. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12837. [PMID: 35839783 PMCID: PMC9542137 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inherited or somatic mutations in the MRE11, RAD50 and NBN genes increase the incidence of tumours, including medulloblastoma (MB). On the other hand, MRE11, RAD50 and NBS1 protein components of the MRN complex are often overexpressed and sometimes essential in cancer. In order to solve the apparent conundrum about the oncosuppressive or oncopromoting role of the MRN complex, we explored the functions of NBS1 in a MB prone animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS We generated and analysed mono- or biallelic deletion of the Nbn gene in the context of the SmoA1 transgenic mouse, a SHH-dependent MB prone animal model. We used normal and tumour tissue from these animal models, primary granule cell progenitors (GCPs) from genetically modified animals, and NBS1-depleted primary MB cells, to uncover the effects of NBS1-depletion by RNA-Seq, by biochemical characterization of the SHH-pathway and the DNA damage response (DDR) as well as on the growth and clonogenic properties of GCPs. RESULTS We found that monoallelic Nbn deletion increases SmoA1-dependent MB incidence. In addition to a defective DDR, Nbn+/- GCPs show increased clonogenicity compared to Nbn+/+ GCPs, dependent on an enhanced Notch signalling. In contrast, full NbnKO impairs MB development both in SmoA1 mice and in a SHH-driven tumour allograft. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that Nbn is haploinsufficient for SHH-MB development while full NbnKO is epistatic on SHH-driven MB development, thus revealing a gene dosage-dependent effect of Nbn inactivation on SHH-MB development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialaura Petroni
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Marta Moretti
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Coppa Anna
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Paci
- Dep. of Computer Engineering, Automation and Management, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science Antonio Ruberti, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico De Smaele
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Coni
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI) Beutenbergstrasse 11, Jena, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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8
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Xiang C, Liu X, Zhou D, Zhou Y, Wang X, Chen F. Identification of a glioma functional network from gene fitness data using machine learning. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1253-1263. [PMID: 35044082 PMCID: PMC8831986 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain tumours that remains incurable despite recent advances in clinical treatments. Previous studies have focused on sub-categorizing patient samples based on clustering various transcriptomic data. While functional genomics data are rapidly accumulating, there exist opportunities to leverage these data to decipher glioma-associated biomarkers. We sought to implement a systematic approach to integrating data from high throughput CRISPR-Cas9 screening studies with machine learning algorithms to infer a glioma functional network. We demonstrated the network significantly enriched various biological pathways and may play roles in glioma tumorigenesis. From densely connected glioma functional modules, we further predicted 12 potential Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway targeted genes, including AARSD1, HOXB5, ITGA6, LRRC71, MED19, MED24, METTL11B, SMARCB1, SMARCE1, TAF6L, TENT5A and ZNF281. Cox regression modelling with these targets was significantly associated with glioma overall survival prognosis. Additionally, TRIB2 was identified as a glioma neoplastic cell marker in single-cell RNA-seq of GBM samples. This work establishes novel strategies for constructing functional networks to identify glioma biomarkers for the development of diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐xiang Xiang
- Department of PathologyXiangyang Central HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyang, HubeiChina
| | - Xi‐guo Liu
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryHubei Cancer HospitalWuhan, HubeiChina
| | - Da‐quan Zhou
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangyang Central HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyang, HubeiChina
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangyang Central HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyang, HubeiChina
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangyang Central HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyang, HubeiChina
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangyang Central HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyang, HubeiChina
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9
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Alblihy A, Shoqafi A, Toss MS, Algethami M, Harris AE, Jeyapalan JN, Abdel-Fatah T, Servante J, Chan SYT, Green A, Mongan NP, Rakha EA, Madhusudan S. Untangling the clinicopathological significance of MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex in sporadic breast cancers. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:143. [PMID: 34782604 PMCID: PMC8593132 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex is critical for genomic stability. Although germline mutations in MRN may increase breast cancer susceptibility, such mutations are extremely rare. Here, we have conducted a comprehensive clinicopathological study of MRN in sporadic breast cancers. We have protein expression profiled for MRN and a panel of DNA repair factors involved in double-strand break repair (BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, CHK2, ATR, Chk1, pChk1, RAD51, γH2AX, RPA1, RPA2, DNA-PKcs), RECQ DNA helicases (BLM, WRN, RECQ1, RECQL4, RECQ5), nucleotide excision repair (ERCC1) and base excision repair (SMUG1, APE1, FEN1, PARP1, XRCC1, Pol β) in 1650 clinical breast cancers. The prognostic significance of MRE11, RAD50 and NBS1 transcripts and their microRNA regulators (hsa-miR-494 and hsa-miR-99b) were evaluated in large clinical datasets. Expression of MRN components was analysed in The Cancer Genome Atlas breast cancer cohort. We show that low nuclear MRN is linked to aggressive histopathological phenotypes such as high tumour grade, high mitotic index, oestrogen receptor- and high-risk Nottingham Prognostic Index. In univariate analysis, low nuclear MRE11 and low nuclear RAD50 were associated with poor survival. In multivariate analysis, low nuclear RAD50 remained independently linked with adverse clinical outcomes. Low RAD50 transcripts were also linked with reduced survival. In contrast, overexpression of hsa-miR-494 and hsa-miR-99b microRNAs was associated with poor survival. We observed large-scale genome-wide alterations in MRN-deficient tumours contributing to aggressive behaviour. We conclude that MRN status may be a useful tool to stratify tumours for precision medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Alblihy
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
- Medical Center, King Fahad Security College (KFSC), Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Shoqafi
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Michael S Toss
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
- Department of Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Mashael Algethami
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Anna E Harris
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Jennie N Jeyapalan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Tarek Abdel-Fatah
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | | | - Stephen Y T Chan
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Andrew Green
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK
- Department of Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 3RD, UK.
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
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10
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Toh M, Ngeow J. Homologous Recombination Deficiency: Cancer Predispositions and Treatment Implications. Oncologist 2021; 26:e1526-e1537. [PMID: 34021944 PMCID: PMC8417864 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is a highly accurate DNA repair mechanism. Several HR genes are established cancer susceptibility genes with clinically actionable pathogenic variants (PVs). Classically, BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline PVs are associated with significant breast and ovarian cancer risks. Patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 PVs display worse clinical outcomes but respond better to platinum-based chemotherapies and poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors, a trait termed "BRCAness." With the advent of whole-exome sequencing and multigene panels, PVs in other HR genes are increasingly identified among familial cancers. As such, several genes such as PALB2 are reclassified as cancer predisposition genes. But evidence for cancer risks remains unclear for many others. In this review, we will discuss cancer predispositions and treatment implications beyond BRCA1 and BRCA2, with a focus on 24 HR genes: 53BP1, ATM, ATR, ATRIP, BARD1, BLM, BRIP1, DMC1, MRE11A, NBN, PALB2, RAD50, RAD51, RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, RIF1, RMI1, RMI2, RPA1, TOP3A, TOPBP1, XRCC2, and XRCC3. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This review provides a comprehensive reference for readers to quickly identify potential cancer predisposing homologous recombination (HR) genes, and to generate research questions for genes with inconclusive evidence. This review also evaluates the "BRCAness" of each HR member. Clinicians can refer to these discussions to identify potential candidates for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingRen Toh
- Duke–National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer CenterSingapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore
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11
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Feng W, Simpson DA, Cho JE, Carvajal-Garcia J, Smith CM, Headley KM, Hathaway N, Ramsden DA, Gupta GP. Marker-free quantification of repair pathway utilization at Cas9-induced double-strand breaks. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:5095-5105. [PMID: 33963863 PMCID: PMC8136827 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome integrity and genome engineering require efficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination (HR), or alternative end-joining pathways. Here we describe two complementary methods for marker-free quantification of DSB repair pathway utilization at Cas9-targeted chromosomal DSBs in mammalian cells. The first assay features the analysis of amplicon next-generation sequencing data using ScarMapper, an iterative break-associated alignment algorithm to classify individual repair products based on deletion size, microhomology usage, and insertions. The second assay uses repair pathway-specific droplet digital PCR assays ('PathSig-dPCR') for absolute quantification of signature DSB repair outcomes. We show that ScarMapper and PathSig-dPCR enable comprehensive assessment of repair pathway utilization in different cell models, after a variety of experimental perturbations. We use these assays to measure the differential impact of DNA end resection on NHEJ, HR and polymerase theta-mediated end joining (TMEJ) repair. These approaches are adaptable to any cellular model system and genomic locus where Cas9-mediated targeting is feasible. Thus, ScarMapper and PathSig-dPCR allow for systematic fate mapping of a targeted DSB with facile and accurate quantification of DSB repair pathway choice at endogenous chromosomal loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjuan Feng
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dennis A Simpson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jang-Eun Cho
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Juan Carvajal-Garcia
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chelsea M Smith
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kathryn M Headley
- School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nate Hathaway
- School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dale A Ramsden
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gaorav P Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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12
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Wang YY, Chen YK, Lo S, Chi TC, Chen YH, Hu SCS, Chen YW, Jiang SS, Tsai FY, Liu W, Li RN, Hsieh YC, Huang CJ, Yuan SSF. MRE11 promotes oral cancer progression through RUNX2/CXCR4/AKT/FOXA2 signaling in a nuclease-independent manner. Oncogene 2021; 40:3510-3532. [PMID: 33927349 PMCID: PMC8134045 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
MRE11, the nuclease component of RAD50/MRE11/NBS1 DNA repair complex which is essential for repair of DNA double-strand-breaks in normal cells, has recently garnered attention as a critical factor in solid tumor development. Herein we report the crucial role of MRE11 in oral cancer progression in a nuclease-independent manner and delineate its key downstream effectors including CXCR4. MRE11 expression in oral cancer samples was positively associated with tumor size, cancer stage and lymph node metastasis, and was predictive of poorer patient survival and radiotherapy resistance. MRE11 promoted cell proliferation/migration/invasion in a nuclease-independent manner but enhanced radioresistance via a nuclease-dependent pathway. The nuclease independent promotion of EMT and metastasis was mediated by RUNX2, CXCR4, AKT, and FOXA2, while CXCR4 neutralizing antibody mitigated these effects in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, MRE11 may serve as a crucial prognostic factor and therapeutic target in oral cancer, displaying dual nuclease dependent and independent roles that permit separate targeting of tumor vulnerabilities in oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Yun Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Kwan Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Oral Pathology & Maxillofacial Radiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging Center, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Steven Lo
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tsung-Chen Chi
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Stephen Chu-Sung Hu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shih Sheng Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wangta Liu
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Nian Li
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ching Hsieh
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chih-Jen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyng-Shiou F Yuan
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National ChiaoTung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. .,Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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13
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A P53-Independent DNA Damage Response Suppresses Oncogenic Proliferation and Genome Instability. Cell Rep 2021; 30:1385-1399.e7. [PMID: 32023457 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex is a DNA double-strand break sensor that mediates a tumor-suppressive DNA damage response (DDR) in cells undergoing oncogenic stress, yet the mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly understood. Using a genetically inducible primary mammary epithelial cell model, we demonstrate that Mre11 suppresses proliferation and DNA damage induced by diverse oncogenic drivers through a p53-independent mechanism. Breast tumorigenesis models engineered to express a hypomorphic Mre11 allele exhibit increased levels of oncogene-induced DNA damage, R-loop accumulation, and chromosomal instability with a characteristic copy number loss phenotype. Mre11 complex dysfunction is identified in a subset of human triple-negative breast cancers and is associated with increased sensitivity to DNA-damaging therapy and inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Thus, deficiencies in the Mre11-dependent DDR drive proliferation and genome instability patterns in p53-deficient breast cancers and represent an opportunity for therapeutic exploitation.
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14
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Hohl M, Mojumdar A, Hailemariam S, Kuryavyi V, Ghisays F, Sorenson K, Chang M, Taylor BS, Patel DJ, Burgers PM, Cobb JA, Petrini JHJ. Modeling cancer genomic data in yeast reveals selection against ATM function during tumorigenesis. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008422. [PMID: 32187176 PMCID: PMC7105138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) comprises multiple functions that collectively preserve genomic integrity and suppress tumorigenesis. The Mre11 complex and ATM govern a major axis of the DDR and several lines of evidence implicate that axis in tumor suppression. Components of the Mre11 complex are mutated in approximately five percent of human cancers. Inherited mutations of complex members cause severe chromosome instability syndromes, such as Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome, which is associated with strong predisposition to malignancy. And in mice, Mre11 complex mutations are markedly more susceptible to oncogene- induced carcinogenesis. The complex is integral to all modes of DNA double strand break (DSB) repair and is required for the activation of ATM to effect DNA damage signaling. To understand which functions of the Mre11 complex are important for tumor suppression, we undertook mining of cancer genomic data from the clinical sequencing program at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, which includes the Mre11 complex among the 468 genes assessed. Twenty five mutations in MRE11 and RAD50 were modeled in S. cerevisiae and in vitro. The mutations were chosen based on recurrence and conservation between human and yeast. We found that a significant fraction of tumor-borne RAD50 and MRE11 mutations exhibited separation of function phenotypes wherein Tel1/ATM activation was severely impaired while DNA repair functions were mildly or not affected. At the molecular level, the gene products of RAD50 mutations exhibited defects in ATP binding and hydrolysis. The data reflect the importance of Rad50 ATPase activity for Tel1/ATM activation and suggest that inactivation of ATM signaling confers an advantage to burgeoning tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Hohl
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Aditya Mojumdar
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Oncology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine; University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sarem Hailemariam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, Untied States of America
| | - Vitaly Kuryavyi
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Fiorella Ghisays
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kyle Sorenson
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Oncology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine; University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Matthew Chang
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Barry S. Taylor
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dinshaw J. Patel
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter M. Burgers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, Untied States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Cobb
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Oncology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine; University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - John H. J. Petrini
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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15
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Bian L, Meng Y, Zhang M, Li D. MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex alterations and DNA damage response: implications for cancer treatment. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:169. [PMID: 31767017 PMCID: PMC6878665 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome instability is a hallmark of cancer cells and can be accelerated by defects in cellular responses to DNA damage. This feature of malignant cells opens new avenues for tumor targeted therapy. MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex plays a crucial role in sensing and repair of DNA damage. Through interacting with other important players of DNA damage response, MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex is engaged in various DNA damage repair pathways. Mutations in any member of this complex may lead to hypersensitivity to genotoxic agents and predisposition to malignancy. It is assumed that the defects in the complex may contribute to tumorigenesis and that treatments targeting the defect may be beneficial to cancer patients. Here, we summarized the recent research findings of the role of MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex in tumorigenesis, cancer treatment and discussed the potential approaches of targeting this complex to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiling Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meichao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Fanconi anemia proteins counteract the implementation of the oncogene-induced senescence program. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17024. [PMID: 31745226 PMCID: PMC6863893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53502-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA), due to the loss-of-function of the proteins that constitute the FANC pathway involved in DNA replication and genetic stability maintainance, is a rare genetic disease featuring bone marrow failure, developmental abnormalities and cancer predisposition. Similar clinical stigmas have also been associated with alterations in the senescence program, which is activated in physiological or stress situations, including the unscheduled, chronic, activation of an oncogene (oncogene induced senescence, OIS). Here, we wanted to determine the crosstalk, if any, between the FANC pathway and the OIS process. OIS was analyzed in two known cellular models, IMR90-hTERT/ER:RASG12V and WI38-hTERT/ER:GFP:RAF1, harboring 4-hydroxytamoxifen-inducible oncogenes. We observed that oncogene activation induces a transitory increase of both FANCA and FANCD2 as well as FANCD2 monoubiquitination, readout of FANC pathway activation, followed by their degradation. FANCD2 depletion, which leads to a pre-senescent phenotype, anticipates OIS progression. Coherently, FANCD2 overexpression or inhibition of its proteosomal-dependent degradation slightly delays OIS progression. The pro-senescence protease cathepsin L, which activation is anticipated during OIS in FANCD2-depleted cells, also participates to FANCD2 degradation. Our results demonstrate that oncogene activation is first associated with FANCD2 induction and activation, which may support initial cell proliferation, followed by its degradation/downregulation when OIS proceeds.
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17
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Feng W, Simpson DA, Carvajal-Garcia J, Price BA, Kumar RJ, Mose LE, Wood RD, Rashid N, Purvis JE, Parker JS, Ramsden DA, Gupta GP. Genetic determinants of cellular addiction to DNA polymerase theta. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4286. [PMID: 31537809 PMCID: PMC6753077 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymerase theta (Pol θ, gene name Polq) is a widely conserved DNA polymerase that mediates a microhomology-mediated, error-prone, double strand break (DSB) repair pathway, referred to as Theta Mediated End Joining (TMEJ). Cells with homologous recombination deficiency are reliant on TMEJ for DSB repair. It is unknown whether deficiencies in other components of the DNA damage response (DDR) also result in Pol θ addiction. Here we use a CRISPR genetic screen to uncover 140 Polq synthetic lethal (PolqSL) genes, the majority of which were previously unknown. Functional analyses indicate that Pol θ/TMEJ addiction is associated with increased levels of replication-associated DSBs, regardless of the initial source of damage. We further demonstrate that approximately 30% of TCGA breast cancers have genetic alterations in PolqSL genes and exhibit genomic scars of Pol θ/TMEJ hyperactivity, thereby substantially expanding the subset of human cancers for which Pol θ inhibition represents a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjuan Feng
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Dennis A Simpson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Juan Carvajal-Garcia
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Brandon A Price
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Rashmi J Kumar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Lisle E Mose
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Richard D Wood
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Naim Rashid
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jeremy E Purvis
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Joel S Parker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Dale A Ramsden
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Gaorav P Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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18
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Nbn-Mre11 interaction is required for tumor suppression and genomic integrity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15178-15183. [PMID: 31285322 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905305116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We derived a mouse model in which a mutant form of Nbn/Nbs1mid8 (hereafter Nbnmid8) exhibits severely impaired binding to the Mre11-Rad50 core of the Mre11 complex. The Nbn mid8 allele was expressed exclusively in hematopoietic lineages (in Nbn -/mid8vav mice). Unlike Nbn flox/floxvav mice with Nbn deficiency in the bone marrow, Nbn -/mid8vav mice were viable. Nbn -/mid8vav mice hematopoiesis was profoundly defective, exhibiting reduced cellularity of thymus and bone marrow, and stage-specific blockage of B cell development. Within 6 mo, Nbn -/mid8 mice developed highly penetrant T cell leukemias. Nbn -/mid8vav leukemias recapitulated mutational features of human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), containing mutations in NOTCH1, TP53, BCL6, BCOR, and IKZF1, suggesting that Nbn mid8 mice may provide a venue to examine the relationship between the Mre11 complex and oncogene activation in the hematopoietic compartment. Genomic analysis of Nbn -/mid8vav malignancies showed focal amplification of 9qA2, causing overexpression of MRE11 and CHK1 We propose that overexpression of MRE11 compensates for the metastable Mre11-Nbnmid8 interaction, and that selective pressure for overexpression reflects the essential role of Nbn in promoting assembly and activity of the Mre11 complex.
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19
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Yin J, Wu K, Ma Q, Dong H, Zhu Y, Hu L, Kong X. Revisiting Non-BRCA1/2 Familial Whole Exome Sequencing Datasets Implicates NCK1 as a Cancer Gene. Front Genet 2019; 10:527. [PMID: 31214250 PMCID: PMC6557995 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Through linkage and candidate gene screening, many breast cancer (BC) predisposition genes have been identified in the past 20 years. However, the majority of genetic risks that contribute to familial BC remains undetermined. In this study, we revisited whole exome sequencing datasets from non-BRCA1/2 familial BC patients, to search for novel BC predisposition genes. Based on the infinite mutation model, we supposed that rare non-silent variants that cooccurred between familial and TCGA-germline datasets, might play a predisposition contributing role. In our analysis, we not only identified novel potential pathogenic variants from known cancer predisposition genes, such as MRE11, CTR9 but also identified novel candidate predisposition genes, such as NCK1. According to the TCGA mRNA expression dataset of BC, NCK1 was significantly upregulated in basal-like subtypes and downregulated in luminal subtypes. In vitro, NCK1 mutants (D73H and R42Q) transfected MCF7 cell lines, which attributed to the luminal subtype, were much more viable and invasive than the wild type. On the other side, our results also showed that overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with NCK1 variations might be dependent on the genomic context. In conclusion, genetic heterogeneity exists among non-BRCA1/2 BC pedigrees and NCK1 could be a novel BC predisposition gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Landian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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20
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MRE11 inhibition highlights a replication stress-dependent vulnerability of MYCN-driven tumors. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:895. [PMID: 30166519 PMCID: PMC6117286 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MRE11 is a component of the MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN) complex, whose activity is essential to control faithful DNA replication and to prevent accumulation of deleterious DNA double-strand breaks. In humans, hypomorphic mutations in these genes lead to DNA damage response (DDR)-defective and cancer-prone syndromes. Moreover, MRN complex dysfunction dramatically affects the nervous system, where MRE11 is required to restrain MYCN-dependent replication stress, during the rapid expansion of progenitor cells. MYCN activation, often due to genetic amplification, represents the driving oncogenic event for a number of human tumors, conferring bad prognosis and predicting very poor responses even to the most aggressive therapeutic protocols. This is prototypically exemplified by neuroblastoma, where MYCN amplification occurs in about 25% of the cases. Intriguingly, MRE11 is highly expressed and predicts bad prognosis in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. Due to the lack of direct means to target MYCN, we explored the possibility to trigger intolerable levels of replication stress-dependent DNA damage, by inhibiting MRE11 in MYCN-amplified preclinical models. Indeed, either MRE11 knockdown or its pharmacological inhibitor mirin induce accumulation of replication stress and DNA damage biomarkers in MYCN-amplified cells. The consequent DDR recruits p53 and promotes a p53-dependent cell death, as indicated by p53 loss- and gain-of-function experiments. Encapsulation of mirin in nanoparticles allowed its use on MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma xenografts in vivo, which resulted in a sharp impairment of tumor growth, associated with DDR activation, p53 accumulation, and cell death. Therefore, we propose that MRE11 inhibition might be an effective strategy to treat MYCN-amplified and p53 wild-type neuroblastoma, and suggest that targeting replication stress with appropriate tools should be further exploited to tackle MYCN-driven tumors.
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21
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Hartlerode AJ, Regal JA, Ferguson DO. Reversible mislocalization of a disease-associated MRE11 splice variant product. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10121. [PMID: 29973640 PMCID: PMC6031676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) and related disorders feature cancer predisposition, neurodegeneration, and immunodeficiency resulting from failure to respond to DNA damage. Hypomorphic mutations in MRE11 cause an AT-like disorder (ATLD) with variable clinical presentation. We have sought to understand how diverse MRE11 mutations may provide unique therapeutic opportunities, and potentially correlate with clinical variability. Here we have undertaken studies of an MRE11 splice site mutation that was found in two ATLD siblings that died of pulmonary adenocarcinoma at the young ages of 9 and 16. The mutation, termed MRE11 alternative splice mutation (MRE11ASM), causes skipping of a highly conserved exon while preserving the protein's open reading frame. A new mouse model expressing Mre11ASM from the endogenous locus demonstrates that the protein is present at very low levels, a feature in common with the MRE11ATLD1 mutant found in other patients. However, the mechanisms causing low protein levels are distinct. MRE11ASM is mislocalized to the cytoplasm, in contrast to MRE11ATLD1, which remains nuclear. Strikingly, MRE11ASM mislocalization is corrected by inhibition of the proteasome, implying that the protein undergoes strict protein quality control in the nucleus. These findings raise the prospect that inhibition of poorly understood nuclear protein quality control mechanisms might have therapeutic benefit in genetic disorders causing cytoplasmic mislocalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Hartlerode
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Joshua A Regal
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology Graduate Program, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - David O Ferguson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
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22
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Fu X, Zhang C, Meng H, Zhang K, Shi L, Cao C, Wang Y, Su C, Xin L, Ren Y, Zhang W, Sun X, Ge L, Silvennoinen O, Yao Z, Yang X, Yang J. Oncoprotein Tudor-SN is a key determinant providing survival advantage under DNA damaging stress. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1625-1637. [PMID: 29459768 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, Tudor-SN was identified as a DNA damage response (DDR)-related protein that plays important roles in the early stage of DDR. X-ray or laser irradiation could evoke the accumulation of Tudor-SN to DNA damage sites in a poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation-dependent manner via interaction with PARP-1. Additionally, we illustrated that the SN domain of Tudor-SN mediated the association of these two proteins. The accumulated Tudor-SN further recruited SMARCA5 (ATP-dependent chromatin remodeller) and GCN5 (histone acetyltransferase) to DNA damage sites, resulting in chromatin relaxation, and consequently activating the ATM kinase and downstream DNA repair signalling pathways to promote cell survival. Consistently, the loss-of-function of Tudor-SN attenuated the enrichment of SMARCA5, GCN5 and acetylation of histone H3 (acH3) at DNA break sites and abolished chromatin relaxation; as a result, the cells exhibited DNA repair and cell survival deficiency. As Tudor-SN protein is highly expressed in different tumours, it is likely to be involved in the radioresistance of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Su
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingbiao Xin
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Ge
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Olli Silvennoinen
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 8, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Zhi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 471 Apotex Centre, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada.
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China.
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Roy S, Tomaszowski KH, Luzwick JW, Park S, Li J, Murphy M, Schlacher K. p53 orchestrates DNA replication restart homeostasis by suppressing mutagenic RAD52 and POLθ pathways. eLife 2018; 7:e31723. [PMID: 29334356 PMCID: PMC5832412 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Classically, p53 tumor suppressor acts in transcription, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. Yet, replication-mediated genomic instability is integral to oncogenesis, and p53 mutations promote tumor progression and drug-resistance. By delineating human and murine separation-of-function p53 alleles, we find that p53 null and gain-of-function (GOF) mutations exhibit defects in restart of stalled or damaged DNA replication forks that drive genomic instability, which isgenetically separable from transcription activation. By assaying protein-DNA fork interactions in single cells, we unveil a p53-MLL3-enabled recruitment of MRE11 DNA replication restart nuclease. Importantly, p53 defects or depletion unexpectedly allow mutagenic RAD52 and POLθ pathways to hijack stalled forks, which we find reflected in p53 defective breast-cancer patient COSMIC mutational signatures. These data uncover p53 as a keystone regulator of replication homeostasis within a DNA restart network. Mechanistically, this has important implications for development of resistance in cancer therapy. Combined, these results define an unexpected role for p53-mediated suppression of replication genome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunetra Roy
- Department of Cancer BiologyUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Karl-Heinz Tomaszowski
- Department of Cancer BiologyUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Jessica W Luzwick
- Department of Cancer BiologyUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Cancer BiologyUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Genomic MedicineUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Maureen Murphy
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis ProgramThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Katharina Schlacher
- Department of Cancer BiologyUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
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24
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Spehalski E, Capper KM, Smith CJ, Morgan MJ, Dinkelmann M, Buis J, Sekiguchi JM, Ferguson DO. MRE11 Promotes Tumorigenesis by Facilitating Resistance to Oncogene-Induced Replication Stress. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5327-5338. [PMID: 28819025 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypomorphic mutations in the genes encoding the MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN) DNA repair complex lead to cancer-prone syndromes. MRN binds DNA double-strand breaks, where it functions in repair and triggers cell-cycle checkpoints via activation of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase. To gain understanding of MRN in cancer, we engineered mice with B lymphocytes lacking MRN, or harboring MRN in which MRE11 lacks nuclease activities. Both forms of MRN deficiency led to hallmarks of cancer, including oncogenic translocations involving c-Myc and the immunoglobulin locus. These preneoplastic B lymphocytes did not progress to detectable B lineage lymphoma, even in the absence of p53. Moreover, Mre11 deficiencies prevented tumorigenesis in a mouse model strongly predisposed to spontaneous B-cell lymphomas. Our findings indicate that MRN cannot be considered a standard tumor suppressor and instead imply that nuclease activities of MRE11 are required for oncogenesis. Inhibition of MRE11 nuclease activity increased DNA damage and selectively induced apoptosis in cells overexpressing oncogenes, suggesting MRE11 serves an important role in countering oncogene-induced replication stress. Thus, MRE11 may offer a target for cancer therapeutic development. More broadly, our work supports the idea that subtle enhancements of endogenous genome instability can exceed the tolerance of cancer cells and be exploited for therapeutic ends. Cancer Res; 77(19); 5327-38. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Spehalski
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Molecular and Cellular Pathology Graduate Program, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kayla M Capper
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Cheryl J Smith
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mary J Morgan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Molecular and Cellular Pathology Graduate Program, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maria Dinkelmann
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey Buis
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - JoAnn M Sekiguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David O Ferguson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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25
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Sharma Bhai P, Sharma D, Saxena R, Verma IC. Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals a Nonsense Mutation (p.Arg364Ter) in MRE11A Gene in an Indian Patient with Familial Breast Cancer. Breast Care (Basel) 2017; 12:114-116. [PMID: 28559769 DOI: 10.1159/000457786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MRN complex consisting of MRE11A-RAD50-NBS1 proteins is involved in the repair of double-strand breaks, and mutations in genes coding for the MRN complex have been identified in families with breast and ovarian cancer. CASE REPORT In a BRCA-negative family with positive history of breast and endometrial cancer, next-generation sequencing-based panel testing identified a mutation in the MRE11A gene (NM_005590 c.1090C>T: p.Arg364Ter). This mutation results in a shorter mutated protein lacking 2 DNA binding domains (the GAR domain and the RAD50 binding site), abolishing the function of protein. CONCLUSION This case provides insight into the role of the MRE11A gene in causing breast cancer susceptibility in families, and supports the use of multigene panel testing in cases with hereditary predisposition to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Sharma Bhai
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Renu Saxena
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Ishwar C Verma
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, India
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26
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Desai NB, Scott SN, Zabor EC, Cha EK, Hreiki J, Sfakianos JP, Ramirez R, Bagrodia A, Rosenberg JE, Bajorin DF, Berger MF, Bochner BH, Zelefsky MJ, Kollmeier MA, Ostrovnaya I, Al-Ahmadie HA, Solit DB, Iyer G. Genomic characterization of response to chemoradiation in urothelial bladder cancer. Cancer 2016; 122:3715-3723. [PMID: 27479538 PMCID: PMC5115929 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors characterized the genetic landscape of chemoradiation-treated urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) with the objective of identifying potential correlates of response. METHODS Primary tumors with (n = 8) or without (n = 40) matched recurrent tumors from 48 patients who had non-metastatic, high-grade UCB and received treatment primarily with chemoradiation were analyzed using a next-generation sequencing assay enriched for cancer-related and canonical DNA damage response (DDR) genes. Protein expression of meiotic recombination 11 homolog (MRE11), a previously suggested biomarker, was assessed in 44 patients. Recurrent tumors were compared with primary tumors, and the clinical impact of likely deleterious DDR gene alterations was evaluated. RESULTS The profile of alterations approximated that of prior UCB cohorts. Within 5 pairs of matched primary-recurrent tumors, a median of 92% of somatic mutations were shared. A median 33% of mutations were shared between 3 matched bladder-metastasis pairs. Of 26 patients (54%) who had DDR gene alterations, 12 (25%) harbored likely deleterious alterations. In multivariable analysis, these patients displayed a trend toward reduced bladder recurrence (hazard ratio, 0.32; P = .070) or any recurrence (hazard ratio, 0.37; P = .070). The most common of these alterations, ERCC2 (excision repair cross-complementation group 2) mutations, were associated with significantly lower 2-year metastatic recurrence (0% vs 43%; log-rank P = .044). No impact of MRE11 protein expression on outcome was detected. CONCLUSIONS A similar mutation profile between primary and recurrent tumors suggests that pre-existing, resistant clonal populations represent the primary mechanism of chemoradiation treatment failure. Deleterious DDR genetic alterations, particularly recurrent alterations in ERCC2, may be associated with improved chemoradiation outcomes in patients with UCB. A small sample size necessitates independent validation of these observations. Cancer 2016;122:3715-23. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil B Desai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sasinya N Scott
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Emily C Zabor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Eugene K Cha
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Joseph Hreiki
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John P Sfakianos
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ricardo Ramirez
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Science, Cornell University, New York, New York
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Aditya Bagrodia
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan E Rosenberg
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Dean F Bajorin
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael F Berger
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Bernard H Bochner
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Zelefsky
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marisa A Kollmeier
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Irina Ostrovnaya
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hikmat A Al-Ahmadie
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - David B Solit
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gopa Iyer
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Graziano S, Gonzalo S. Mechanisms of oncogene-induced genomic instability. Biophys Chem 2016; 225:49-57. [PMID: 28073589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Activating mutations in oncogenes promote uncontrolled proliferation and malignant transformation. Approximately 30% of human cancers carry mutations in the RAS oncogene. Paradoxically, expression of mutant constitutively active Ras protein in primary human cells results in a premature proliferation arrest known as oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). This is more commonly observed in human pre-neoplasia than in neoplastic lesions, and is considered a tumor suppressor mechanism. Senescent cells are still metabolically active but in a status of cell cycle arrest characterized by specific morphological and physiological features that distinguish them from both proliferating cells, and cells growth-arrested by other means. Although the molecular mechanisms by which OIS is established are not totally understood, the current view is that OIS in human cells is tightly linked to persistent activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, as a consequence of replication stress. Here we will highlight recent advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms leading to hyper-replication stress in response to oncogene activation, and of the crosstalk between replication stress and persistent activation of the DDR. We will also discuss new evidence for DNA repair deficiencies during OIS, which might increase the genomic instability that drives senescence bypass and malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Graziano
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Susana Gonzalo
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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28
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Li Y, Shen Y, Hohensinner P, Ju J, Wen Z, Goodman SB, Zhang H, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Deficient Activity of the Nuclease MRE11A Induces T Cell Aging and Promotes Arthritogenic Effector Functions in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Immunity 2016; 45:903-916. [PMID: 27742546 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Immune aging manifests with a combination of failing adaptive immunity and insufficiently restrained inflammation. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), T cell aging occurs prematurely, but the mechanisms involved and their contribution to tissue-destructive inflammation remain unclear. We found that RA CD4+ T cells showed signs of aging during their primary immune responses and differentiated into tissue-invasive, proinflammatory effector cells. RA T cells had low expression of the double-strand-break repair nuclease MRE11A, leading to telomeric damage, juxtacentromeric heterochromatin unraveling, and senescence marker upregulation. Inhibition of MRE11A activity in healthy T cells induced the aging phenotype, whereas MRE11A overexpression in RA T cells reversed it. In human-synovium chimeric mice, MRE11Alow T cells were tissue-invasive and pro-arthritogenic, and MRE11A reconstitution mitigated synovitis. Our findings link premature T cell aging and tissue-invasiveness to telomere deprotection and heterochromatin unpacking, identifying MRE11A as a therapeutic target to combat immune aging and suppress dysregulated tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Li
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yi Shen
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Philipp Hohensinner
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Internal Medicine II/Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jihang Ju
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhenke Wen
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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29
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Johnson CA, Collis SJ. Ciliogenesis and the DNA damage response: a stressful relationship. Cilia 2016; 5:19. [PMID: 27335639 PMCID: PMC4916530 DOI: 10.1186/s13630-016-0040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Both inherited and sporadic mutations can give rise to a plethora of human diseases. Through myriad diverse cellular processes, sporadic mutations can arise through a failure to accurately replicate the genetic code or by inaccurate separation of duplicated chromosomes into daughter cells. The human genome has therefore evolved to encode a large number of proteins that work together with regulators of the cell cycle to ensure that it remains error-free. This is collectively known as the DNA damage response (DDR), and genome stability mechanisms involve a complex network of signalling and processing factors that ensure redundancy and adaptability of these systems. The importance of genome stability mechanisms is best illustrated by the dramatic increased risk of cancer in individuals with underlying disruption to genome maintenance mechanisms. Cilia are microtubule-based sensory organelles present on most vertebrate cells, where they facilitate transduction of external signals into the cell. When not embedded within the specialised ciliary membrane, components of the primary cilium's basal body help form the microtubule organising centre that controls cellular trafficking and the mitotic segregation of chromosomes. Ciliopathies are a collection of diseases associated with functional disruption to cilia function through a variety of different mechanisms. Ciliopathy phenotypes can vary widely, and although some cellular overgrowth phenotypes are prevalent in a subset of ciliopathies, an increased risk of cancer is not noted as a clinical feature. However, recent studies have identified surprising genetic and functional links between cilia-associated proteins and genome maintenance factors. The purpose of this mini-review is to therefore highlight some of these discoveries and discuss their implications with regards to functional crosstalk between the DDR and ciliogenesis pathways, and how this may impact on the development of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin A. Johnson
- />Section of Ophthalmology and Neurosciences, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
| | - Spencer J. Collis
- />Genome Stability Group, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX UK
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Balestrini A, Nicolas L, Yang-Lott K, Guryanova OA, Levine RL, Bassing CH, Chaudhuri J, Petrini JHJ. Defining ATM-Independent Functions of the Mre11 Complex with a Novel Mouse Model. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 14:185-95. [PMID: 26538284 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Mre11 complex (Mre11, Rad50, and Nbs1) occupies a central node of the DNA damage response (DDR) network and is required for ATM activation in response to DNA damage. Hypomorphic alleles of MRE11 and NBS1 confer embryonic lethality in ATM-deficient mice, indicating that the complex exerts ATM-independent functions that are essential when ATM is absent. To delineate those functions, a conditional ATM allele (ATM(flox)) was crossed to hypomorphic NBS1 mutants (Nbs1(ΔB/ΔB) mice). Nbs1(ΔB/ΔB) Atm(-/-) hematopoietic cells derived by crossing to vav(cre) were viable in vivo. Nbs1(ΔB/ΔB) Atm(-/-) (VAV) mice exhibited a pronounced defect in double-strand break repair and completely penetrant early onset lymphomagenesis. In addition to repair defects observed, fragile site instability was noted, indicating that the Mre11 complex promotes genome stability upon replication stress in vivo. The data suggest combined influences of the Mre11 complex on DNA repair, as well as the responses to DNA damage and DNA replication stress. IMPLICATIONS A novel mouse model was developed, by combining a vav(cre)-inducible ATM knockout mouse with an NBS1 hypomorphic mutation, to analyze ATM-independent functions of the Mre11 complex in vivo. These data show that the DNA repair, rather than DDR signaling functions of the complex, is acutely required in the context of ATM deficiency to suppress genome instability and lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Balestrini
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York
| | - Laura Nicolas
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Katherine Yang-Lott
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Olga A Guryanova
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Craig H Bassing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Jayanta Chaudhuri
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John H J Petrini
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York.
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hPso4/hPrp19: a critical component of DNA repair and DNA damage checkpoint complexes. Oncogene 2015; 35:2279-86. [PMID: 26364595 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genome integrity is vital to cellular homeostasis and its forfeiture is linked to deleterious consequences-cancer, immunodeficiency, genetic disorders and premature aging. The human ubiquitin ligase Pso4/Prp19 has emerged as a critical component of multiple DNA damage response (DDR) signaling networks. It not only senses DNA damage, binds double-stranded DNA in a sequence-independent manner, facilitates processing of damaged DNA, promotes DNA end joining, regulates replication protein A (RPA2) phosphorylation and ubiquitination at damaged DNA, but also regulates RNA splicing and mitotic spindle formation in its integral capacity as a scaffold for a multimeric core complex. Accordingly, by virtue of its regulatory and structural interactions with key proteins critical for genome integrity-DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, DNA interstrand crosslink repair, repair of stalled replication forks and DNA end joining-it fills a unique niche in restoring genomic integrity after multiple types of DNA damage and thus has a vital role in maintaining chromatin integrity and cellular functions. These properties may underlie its ability to thwart replicative senescence and, not surprisingly, have been linked to the self-renewal and colony-forming ability of murine hematopoietic stem cells. This review highlights recent advances in hPso4 research that provides a fascinating glimpse into the pleiotropic activities of a ubiquitously expressed multifunctional E3 ubiquitin ligase.
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Ollier M, Radosevic-Robin N, Kwiatkowski F, Ponelle F, Viala S, Privat M, Uhrhammer N, Bernard-Gallon D, Penault-Llorca F, Bignon YJ, Bidet Y. DNA repair genes implicated in triple negative familial non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer predisposition. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:2113-2126. [PMID: 26328243 PMCID: PMC4548324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Among breast cancers, 10 to 15% of cases would be due to hereditary risk. In these familial cases, mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are found in only 15% to 20%, meaning that new susceptibility genes remain to be found. Triple-negative breast cancers represent 15% of all breast cancers, and are generally aggressive tumours without targeted therapies available. Our hypothesis is that some patients with triple negative breast cancer could share a genetic susceptibility different from other types of breast cancers. We screened 36 candidate genes, using pyrosequencing, in all the 50 triple negative breast cancer patients with familial history of cancer but no BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation of a population of 3000 families who had consulted for a familial breast cancer between 2005 and 2013. Any mutations were also sequenced in available relatives of cases. Protein expression and loss of heterozygosity were explored in tumours. Seven deleterious mutations in 6 different genes (RAD51D, MRE11A, CHEK2, MLH1, MSH6, PALB2) were observed in one patient each, except the RAD51D mutation found in two cases. Loss of heterozygosity in the tumour was found for 2 of the 7 mutations. Protein expression was absent in tumour tissue for 5 mutations. Taking into consideration a specific subtype of tumour has revealed susceptibility genes, most of them in the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway. This may provide new possibilities for targeted therapies, along with better screening and care of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ollier
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre Jean PerrinClermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université d’AuvergneEA 4677, ERTICa, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Nina Radosevic-Robin
- Department of Anatomopathology, Centre Jean PerrinClermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université d’AuvergneEA 4677, ERTICa, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Fabrice Kwiatkowski
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre Jean PerrinClermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Flora Ponelle
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre Jean PerrinClermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Sandrine Viala
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre Jean PerrinClermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Maud Privat
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre Jean PerrinClermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Nancy Uhrhammer
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre Jean PerrinClermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | | | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- Department of Anatomopathology, Centre Jean PerrinClermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université d’AuvergneEA 4677, ERTICa, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre Jean PerrinClermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université d’AuvergneEA 4677, ERTICa, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Yannick Bidet
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre Jean PerrinClermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université d’AuvergneEA 4677, ERTICa, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
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33
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The MRE11 complex: An important source of stress relief. Exp Cell Res 2014; 329:162-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sinha VC, Qin L, Li Y. A p53/ARF-dependent anticancer barrier activates senescence and blocks tumorigenesis without impacting apoptosis. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 13:231-8. [PMID: 25253740 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0481-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In response to oncogene activation and oncogene-induced aberrant proliferation, mammalian cells activate apoptosis and senescence, usually via the p53-ARF tumor-suppressor pathway. Apoptosis is a known barrier to cancer and is usually downregulated before full malignancy, but senescence as an anticancer barrier is controversial due to its presence in the tumor environment. In addition, senescence may aid cancer progression via releasing senescence-associated factors that instigate neighboring tumor cells. Here, it is demonstrated that apoptosis unexpectedly remains robust in ErbB2 (ERBB2/HER2)-initiated mammary early lesions arising in adult mice null for either p53 or ARF. These early lesions, however, downregulate senescence significantly. This diminished senescence response is associated with accelerated progression to cancer in ARF-null mice compared with ARF-wild-type mice. Thus, the ARF-p53 pathway is dispensable for the apoptosis anticancer barrier in the initiation of ErbB2 breast cancer, the apoptosis barrier alone cannot halt mammary tumorigenesis, and senescence is a key barrier against carcinogenesis. IMPLICATIONS Findings in this relevant mouse model of HER2-driven breast cancer suggest that effective prevention relies upon preserving both ARF/p53-independent apoptosis and ARF/p53-dependent senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya C Sinha
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lan Qin
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yi Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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Yamamoto Y, Miyamoto M, Tatsuda D, Kubo M, Nakagama H, Nakamura Y, Satoh H, Matsuda K, Watanabe T, Ohta T. A Rare Polymorphic Variant of NBS1 Reduces DNA Repair Activity and Elevates Chromosomal Instability. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3707-15. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Stagni V, Oropallo V, Fianco G, Antonelli M, Cinà I, Barilà D. Tug of war between survival and death: exploring ATM function in cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:5388-409. [PMID: 24681585 PMCID: PMC4013570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15045388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase is a one of the main guardian of genome stability and plays a central role in the DNA damage response (DDR). The deregulation of these pathways is strongly linked to cancer initiation and progression as well as to the development of therapeutic approaches. These observations, along with reports that identify ATM loss of function as an event that may promote tumor initiation and progression, point to ATM as a bona fide tumor suppressor. The identification of ATM as a positive modulator of several signalling networks that sustain tumorigenesis, including oxidative stress, hypoxia, receptor tyrosine kinase and AKT serine-threonine kinase activation, raise the question of whether ATM function in cancer may be more complex. This review aims to give a complete overview on the work of several labs that links ATM to the control of the balance between cell survival, proliferation and death in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venturina Stagni
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy.
| | - Veronica Oropallo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Fianco
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy.
| | - Martina Antonelli
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy.
| | - Irene Cinà
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniela Barilà
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy.
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Roset R, Inagaki A, Hohl M, Brenet F, Lafrance-Vanasse J, Lange J, Scandura JM, Tainer JA, Keeney S, Petrini JH. The Rad50 hook domain regulates DNA damage signaling and tumorigenesis. Genes Dev 2014; 28:451-62. [PMID: 24532689 PMCID: PMC3950343 DOI: 10.1101/gad.236745.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The Mre11 complex (Mre11, Rad50, and Nbs1) is a central component of the DNA damage response (DDR), governing both double-strand break repair and DDR signaling. Rad50 contains a highly conserved Zn(2+)-dependent homodimerization interface, the Rad50 hook domain. Mutations that inactivate the hook domain produce a null phenotype. In this study, we analyzed mutants with reduced hook domain function in an effort to stratify hook-dependent Mre11 complex functions. One of these alleles, Rad50(46), conferred reduced Zn(2+) affinity and dimerization efficiency. Homozygous Rad50(46/46) mutations were lethal in mice. However, in the presence of wild-type Rad50, Rad50(46) exerted a dominant gain-of-function phenotype associated with chronic DDR signaling. At the organismal level, Rad50(+/46) exhibited hydrocephalus, liver tumorigenesis, and defects in primitive hematopoietic and gametogenic cells. These outcomes were dependent on ATM, as all phenotypes were mitigated in Rad50(+/46) Atm(+/-) mice. These data reveal that the murine Rad50 hook domain strongly influences Mre11 complex-dependent DDR signaling, tissue homeostasis, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Roset
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Akiko Inagaki
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Marcel Hohl
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Fabienne Brenet
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Hematopoiesis, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Julien Lafrance-Vanasse
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Julian Lange
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Joseph M. Scandura
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Hematopoiesis, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - John A. Tainer
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Scott Keeney
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - John H.J. Petrini
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
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