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La Y, Li Z, Ma X, Bao P, Chu M, Guo X, Liang C, Yan P. Age-dependent changes in the expression and localization of LYZL4, LYZL6 and PCNA during testicular development in the Ashidan yak. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2344213. [PMID: 38669244 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2344213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Lysozyme like 4 (LYZL4), lysozyme like 6 (LYZL6) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) are implicated in the regulation of testicular function, but there was no research reported available on the expression patterns of LYZL4, LYZL6 and PCNA genes at different developmental stages of yak testes. In this study, we used the qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry estimated the LYZL4, LYZL6 and PCNA gene expression and protein lo-calization at different developmental stages of yak testes. The qPCR results showed that the mRNA expression of LYZL4, LYZL6 and PCNA genes significantly increased with age in the testes of yaks. Western blot results showed that the protein abundance of LYZL4, LYZL6 and PCNA in yak testes was significantly higher after puberty than before puberty. Furthermore, the results of immunohistochemistry indicated that LYZL4, LYZL6 and PCNA may be involved in the regulation of spermatogonia proliferation and Leydig cell function in immature testis. In adult yak testes, LYZL4, LYZL6 and PCNA may involve in the development of round spermatids and primary spermatocytes during testicular development. Our results indicated that LYZL4, LYZL6 and PCNA may be involved in the development of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and gonocytes in yak testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu La
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Zhongbang Li
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Pengjia Bao
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Min Chu
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xian Guo
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Chunnian Liang
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Ping Yan
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
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2
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Søgaard CK, Otterlei M. Targeting proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) for cancer therapy. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2024; 100:209-246. [PMID: 39034053 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is an essential scaffold protein in many cellular processes. It is best known for its role as a DNA sliding clamp and processivity factor during DNA replication, which has been extensively reviewed by others. However, the importance of PCNA extends beyond its DNA-associated functions in DNA replication, chromatin remodelling, DNA repair and DNA damage tolerance (DDT), as new non-canonical roles of PCNA in the cytosol have recently been identified. These include roles in the regulation of immune evasion, apoptosis, metabolism, and cellular signalling. The diverse roles of PCNA are largely mediated by its myriad protein interactions, and its centrality to cellular processes makes PCNA a valid therapeutic anticancer target. PCNA is expressed in all cells and plays an essential role in normal cellular homeostasis; therefore, the main challenge in targeting PCNA is to selectively kill cancer cells while avoiding unacceptable toxicity to healthy cells. This chapter focuses on the stress-related roles of PCNA, and how targeting these PCNA roles can be exploited in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline K Søgaard
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit Otterlei
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; APIM Therapeutics A/S, Trondheim, Norway.
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3
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Foster BM, Wang Z, Schmidt CK. DoUBLing up: ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteases in genome stability. Biochem J 2024; 481:515-545. [PMID: 38572758 PMCID: PMC11088880 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining stability of the genome requires dedicated DNA repair and signalling processes that are essential for the faithful duplication and propagation of chromosomes. These DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms counteract the potentially mutagenic impact of daily genotoxic stresses from both exogenous and endogenous sources. Inherent to these DNA repair pathways is the activity of protein factors that instigate repair processes in response to DNA lesions. The regulation, coordination, and orchestration of these DDR factors is carried out, in a large part, by post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, and modification with ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs). The importance of ubiquitylation and UBLylation with SUMO in DNA repair is well established, with the modified targets and downstream signalling consequences relatively well characterised. However, the role of dedicated erasers for ubiquitin and UBLs, known as deubiquitylases (DUBs) and ubiquitin-like proteases (ULPs) respectively, in genome stability is less well established, particularly for emerging UBLs such as ISG15 and UFM1. In this review, we provide an overview of the known regulatory roles and mechanisms of DUBs and ULPs involved in genome stability pathways. Expanding our understanding of the molecular agents and mechanisms underlying the removal of ubiquitin and UBL modifications will be fundamental for progressing our knowledge of the DDR and likely provide new therapeutic avenues for relevant human diseases, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Foster
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre (MCRC), Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, U.K
| | - Zijuan Wang
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre (MCRC), Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, U.K
| | - Christine K. Schmidt
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre (MCRC), Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, U.K
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Elashal MH, Abd El-Wahed AA, Mohamed MA, Hamad R, Abd Eldaim MA, Khalifa SAM, Aldahmash B, El-Seedi HR, El-Aarag B. Apilarnil ameliorates Bisphenol A-induced testicular toxicity in adult male rats via improving antioxidant potency and PCNA expression. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 125:108570. [PMID: 38484946 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Apilarnil, a bee-derived product originating from drone larvae, offers a range of advantageous properties for both humans and animals. It functions as an antioxidant, provides neuroprotection, boosts fertility, and has antiviral capabilities. Additionally, it is a provider of androgenic hormones. These beneficial functions are supported by its chemical composition, which comprises mineral salts, vitamins, carbs, lipids, hormones, and amino acids. The current study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of apilarnil against Bisphenol A (BPA)-induced testicular toxicity in male adult rats. Forty-eight Wistar albino rats were randomly classified into six groups. The first, second, and third received olive oil, BPA at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight (bwt), and apilarnil at a dose of 0.6 g/kg bwt, respectively. The fourth, fifth, and sixth groups received apilarnil with, before, or after BPA administration, respectively. Phytochemical analysis using included linear ion trap-ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LTQ-UPLC-MS/MS) and global natural products social molecular networking (GNPS) revealed the presence of lysine, 10-hydroxy-(E)-2-dodecenoic acid, apigenin7-glucoside, testosterone, progesterone, and campesterol. BPA administration decreased serum level of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, glutathione (GSH) concentration, total sperm count, motility, and vitality. Additionally, BPA increased sperm abnormalities, malondialdehyde concentration (MDA), and decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. The treatment with apilarnil ameliorated BPA reproductive toxicity in rats which was indicated by increased serum testosterone levels, normalized serum levels of FSH and LH, and concentration of MDA and GSH activity. Moreover, apilarnil improved sperm count, motility, morphology, and PCNA expression. Apilarnil was found to enhance reproductive hormones, MDA levels, antioxidant activity, and PCNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Elashal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 31100107, Egypt
| | - Aida A Abd El-Wahed
- Department of Bee Research, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza 12627, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa Abdelgaber Mohamed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 31100107, Egypt.
| | - Rania Hamad
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 31100107, Egypt
| | - Mabrouk Attia Abd Eldaim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 31100107, Egypt.
| | - Shaden A M Khalifa
- Psychiatry and Neurology Department, Capio Saint Göran's Hospital, Sankt Göransplan 1, Stockholm 112 19, Sweden; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Badr Aldahmash
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bishoy El-Aarag
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom 31100107, Egypt
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Chu L, Qian L, Chen Y, Duan S, Ding M, Sun W, Meng W, Zhu J, Wang Q, Hao H, Wang C, Cui S. HERC5-catalyzed ISGylation potentiates cGAS-mediated innate immunity. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113870. [PMID: 38421872 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is essential to elicit type I interferon cascade response; thus, the activity of cGAS must be strictly regulated to boost the antiviral innate immunity. Here, we report that cGAS is responsible for the DNA-induced ISG15 conjugation system. The E3 HERC5 catalyzes the ISGylation of cytoplasmic cGAS at lysine 21, 187, 219, and 458, whereas Ubl carboxy-terminal hydrolase 18 removes the ISGylation of cGAS. The interaction of cGAS and HERC5 depends on the cGAS C-terminal domain and the RRC1-4 and RRC1-5 domains of HERC5. Mechanically, HERC5-catalyzed ISGylation promotes DNA-induced cGAS oligomerization and enhances cGAS enzymatic activity. Deficiency of ISGylation attenuates the downstream inflammatory gene expression induced by the cGAS-STING axis and the antiviral ability in mouse and human cells. Mice deficient in Isg15 or Herc6 are more vulnerable to herpes simplex virus 1 infection. Collectively, our study shows a positive feedback regulation of the cGAS-mediated innate immune pathway by ISGylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Li Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shengnan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Quanyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Shufang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China.
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6
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Lin C, Kuffour EO, Li T, Gertzen CGW, Kaiser J, Luedde T, König R, Gohlke H, Münk C. The ISG15-Protease USP18 Is a Pleiotropic Enhancer of HIV-1 Replication. Viruses 2024; 16:485. [PMID: 38675828 PMCID: PMC11053637 DOI: 10.3390/v16040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response to viruses is formed in part by interferon (IFN)-induced restriction factors, including ISG15, p21, and SAMHD1. IFN production can be blocked by the ISG15-specific protease USP18. HIV-1 has evolved to circumvent host immune surveillance. This mechanism might involve USP18. In our recent studies, we demonstrate that HIV-1 infection induces USP18, which dramatically enhances HIV-1 replication by abrogating the antiviral function of p21. USP18 downregulates p21 by accumulating misfolded dominant negative p53, which inactivates wild-type p53 transactivation, leading to the upregulation of key enzymes involved in de novo dNTP biosynthesis pathways and inactivated SAMHD1. Despite the USP18-mediated increase in HIV-1 DNA in infected cells, it is intriguing to note that the cGAS-STING-mediated sensing of the viral DNA is abrogated. Indeed, the expression of USP18 or knockout of ISG15 inhibits the sensing of HIV-1. We demonstrate that STING is ISGylated at residues K224, K236, K289, K347, K338, and K370. The inhibition of STING K289-linked ISGylation suppresses its oligomerization and IFN induction. We propose that human USP18 is a novel factor that potentially contributes in multiple ways to HIV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Lin
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.L.); (E.O.K.); (T.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Edmund Osei Kuffour
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.L.); (E.O.K.); (T.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Taolan Li
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.L.); (E.O.K.); (T.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Christoph G. W. Gertzen
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.G.W.G.); (J.K.); (H.G.)
| | - Jesko Kaiser
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.G.W.G.); (J.K.); (H.G.)
| | - Tom Luedde
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.L.); (E.O.K.); (T.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Renate König
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany;
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.G.W.G.); (J.K.); (H.G.)
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4: Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Carsten Münk
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.L.); (E.O.K.); (T.L.); (T.L.)
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7
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Kang JA, Kim YJ, Jang KY, Moon HW, Lee H, Lee S, Song HK, Cho SW, Yoo YS, Han HG, Kim MJ, Chung MJ, Choi CY, Lee C, Chung C, Hur GM, Kim YS, Jeon YJ. SIRT1 ISGylation accelerates tumor progression by unleashing SIRT1 from the inactive state to promote its deacetylase activity. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:656-673. [PMID: 38443596 PMCID: PMC10985095 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
ISG15 is an interferon-stimulated ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) with multifaceted roles as a posttranslational modifier in ISG15 conjugation (ISGylation). However, the mechanistic consequences of ISGylation in cancer have not been fully elucidated, largely due to a lack of knowledge on the ISG15 target repertoire. Here, we identified SIRT1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylase, as a new target for ISGylation. SIRT1 ISGylation impairs the association of SIRT1 with its negative regulator, deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1), which unleashes SIRT1 from its inactive state and leads to an increase in its deacetylase activity. Importantly, SIRT1 ISGylation promoted lung cancer progression and limited lung cancer cell sensitivity to DNA damage-based therapeutics in vivo and in vitro models. The levels of ISG15 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in lung cancer tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. Accordingly, elevated expression of SIRT1 and ISG15 was associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer patients, a finding that could be translated for lung cancer patient stratification and disease outcome evaluation. Taken together, our findings provide a mechanistic understanding of the regulatory effect of SIRT1 ISGylation on tumor progression and therapeutic efficacy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji An Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Yun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeseung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonjeong Lee
- Chemical & Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sun Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Gyeong Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Ja Chung
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Yong Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Chemical & Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeuk Chung
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University, School of Medicine & Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Goddard AM, Cho MG, Lerner LM, Gupta GP. Mechanisms of Immune Sensing of DNA Damage. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168424. [PMID: 38159716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Genomic stability relies on a multifaceted and evolutionarily conserved DNA damage response (DDR). In multicellular organisms, an integral facet of the DDR involves the activation of the immune system to eliminate cells with persistent DNA damage. Recent research has shed light on a complex array of nucleic acid sensors crucial for innate immune activation in response to oncogenic stress-associated DNA damage, a process vital for suppressing tumor formation. Yet, these immune sensing pathways may also be co-opted to foster tolerance of chromosomal instability, thereby driving cancer progression. This review aims to provide an updated overview of how the innate immune system detects and responds to DNA damage. An improved understanding of the regulatory intricacies governing this immune response may uncover new avenues for cancer prevention and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Goddard
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Min-Guk Cho
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lynn M Lerner
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Genetics and Molecular Biology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gaorav P Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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9
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Zierhut C. Potential cGAS-STING pathway functions in DNA damage responses, DNA replication and DNA repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 133:103608. [PMID: 38056369 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The major innate immune responder to the DNA of pathogens is the cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) - stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. Most prominently, the outcome of cGAS signalling is the activation of inflammatory transcription through interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB). In addition, the cGAS-STING pathway can lead to the direct modulation of cellular processes independently of transcription, such as activation of autophagy. Under unperturbed conditions, several mechanisms are in place to prevent the activation of cGAS by self-DNA, chiefly its sequestration on chromatin, which interferes with binding to stimulatory DNA. However, under conditions of genotoxic stress and chromosomal instability, this inhibition breaks down, resulting in the activation of cGAS, which drives sterile inflammation, as well as cell fate and immune responses in cancer. Recently, several studies have suggested that cGAS, STING, or downstream pathway components can also regulate the DNA damage response, DNA damage checkpoint signalling, DNA repair and DNA replication. Here, I review these proposed mechanisms, and discuss some unanswered questions relating to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Zierhut
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Biology, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK.
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10
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Khatib JB, Nicolae CM, Moldovan GL. Role of Translesion DNA Synthesis in the Metabolism of Replication-associated Nascent Strand Gaps. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168275. [PMID: 37714300 PMCID: PMC10842951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) is a DNA damage tolerance pathway utilized by cells to overcome lesions encountered throughout DNA replication. During replication stress, cancer cells show increased dependency on TLS proteins for cellular survival and chemoresistance. TLS proteins have been described to be involved in various DNA repair pathways. One of the major emerging roles of TLS is single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gap-filling, primarily after the repriming activity of PrimPol upon encountering a lesion. Conversely, suppression of ssDNA gap accumulation by TLS is considered to represent a mechanism for cancer cells to evade the toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents, specifically in BRCA-deficient cells. Thus, TLS inhibition is emerging as a potential treatment regimen for DNA repair-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude B Khatib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. https://twitter.com/JudeBKhatib
| | - Claudia M Nicolae
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - George-Lucian Moldovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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11
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Xia D, Zhu X, Wang Y, Gong P, Su HS, Xu X. Implications of ubiquitination and the maintenance of replication fork stability in cancer therapy. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20222591. [PMID: 37728310 PMCID: PMC10550789 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20222591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication forks are subject to intricate surveillance and strict regulation by sophisticated cellular machinery. Such close regulation is necessary to ensure the accurate duplication of genetic information and to tackle the diverse endogenous and exogenous stresses that impede this process. Stalled replication forks are vulnerable to collapse, which is a major cause of genomic instability and carcinogenesis. Replication stress responses, which are organized via a series of coordinated molecular events, stabilize stalled replication forks and carry out fork reversal and restoration. DNA damage tolerance and repair pathways such as homologous recombination and Fanconi anemia also contribute to replication fork stabilization. The signaling network that mediates the transduction and interplay of these pathways is regulated by a series of post-translational modifications, including ubiquitination, which affects the activity, stability, and interactome of substrates. In particular, the ubiquitination of replication protein A and proliferating cell nuclear antigen at stalled replication forks promotes the recruitment of downstream regulators. In this review, we describe the ubiquitination-mediated signaling cascades that regulate replication fork progression and stabilization. In addition, we discuss the targeting of replication fork stability and ubiquitination system components as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Xia
- Shenzhen University General Hospital-Dehua Hospital Joint Research Center on Precision Medicine (sgh-dhhCPM), Dehua Hospital, Dehua, Quanzhou 362500, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-biotechnology and MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors and Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-biotechnology and MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors and Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Hong-Shu Su
- Shenzhen University General Hospital-Dehua Hospital Joint Research Center on Precision Medicine (sgh-dhhCPM), Dehua Hospital, Dehua, Quanzhou 362500, China
| | - Xingzhi Xu
- Shenzhen University General Hospital-Dehua Hospital Joint Research Center on Precision Medicine (sgh-dhhCPM), Dehua Hospital, Dehua, Quanzhou 362500, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
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12
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Moro RN, Biswas U, Kharat SS, Duzanic FD, Das P, Stavrou M, Raso MC, Freire R, Chaudhuri AR, Sharan SK, Penengo L. Interferon restores replication fork stability and cell viability in BRCA-defective cells via ISG15. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6140. [PMID: 37783689 PMCID: PMC10545780 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41801-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication and repair defects or genotoxic treatments trigger interferon (IFN)-mediated inflammatory responses. However, whether and how IFN signaling in turn impacts the DNA replication process has remained elusive. Here we show that basal levels of the IFN-stimulated gene 15, ISG15, and its conjugation (ISGylation) are essential to protect nascent DNA from degradation. Moreover, IFNβ treatment restores replication fork stability in BRCA1/2-deficient cells, which strictly depends on topoisomerase-1, and rescues lethality of BRCA2-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells. Although IFNβ activates hundreds of genes, these effects are specifically mediated by ISG15 and ISGylation, as their inactivation suppresses the impact of IFNβ on DNA replication. ISG15 depletion significantly reduces cell proliferation rates in human BRCA1-mutated triple-negative, whereas its upregulation results in increased resistance to the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin in mouse BRCA2-deficient breast cancer cells, respectively. Accordingly, cells carrying BRCA1/2 defects consistently show increased ISG15 levels, which we propose as an in-built mechanism of drug resistance linked to BRCAness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona N Moro
- University of Zurich, Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Uddipta Biswas
- University of Zurich, Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Suhas S Kharat
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, 21702, MD, USA
| | - Filip D Duzanic
- University of Zurich, Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Prosun Das
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Stavrou
- University of Zurich, Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria C Raso
- University of Zurich, Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raimundo Freire
- Fundación Canaria del Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200, La Laguna, Spain
- Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Arnab Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shyam K Sharan
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, 21702, MD, USA
| | - Lorenza Penengo
- University of Zurich, Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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13
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Rahimi-Tesiye M, Zaersabet M, Salehiyeh S, Jafari SZ. The role of TRIM25 in the occurrence and development of cancers and inflammatory diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188954. [PMID: 37437700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins are a group of proteins involved in different signaling pathways. The changes in the expression regulation, function, and signaling of this protein family are associated with the occurrence and progression of a wide range of disorders. Given the importance of these proteins in pathogenesis, they can be considered as potential therapeutic targets for many diseases. TRIM25, as an E3-ubiquitin ligase, is involved in the development of various diseases and cellular mechanisms, including antiviral innate immunity and cell proliferation. The clinical studies conducted on restricting the function of this protein have reached promising results that can be further evaluated in the future. Here, we review the regulation of TRIM25 and its function in different diseases and signaling pathways, especially the retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) signaling which prompts many kinds of cancers and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahimi-Tesiye
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Zaersabet
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Sajad Salehiyeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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14
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Zepeda-Cervantes J. Protein ISGylation: a posttranslational modification with implications for malignant neoplasms. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:699-715. [PMID: 37711589 PMCID: PMC10497404 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a member of the ubiquitin-like (UBL) protein family that can modify specific proteins via a catalytic process called ISGylation. This posttranslational modification can modulate the stability of the ISGylated proteins and protein-protein interactions. Some proteins modified by ISG15 have been identified in malignant neoplasms, suggesting the functional relevance of ISGylation in cancer. This review discusses the ISGylated proteins reported in malignant neoplasms that suggest the potential of ISG15 as a biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C. Tecalco-Cruz
- Postgraduate in Genomic Sciences, Campus Del Valle, Autonomous University of Mexico City (UACM), CDMX 03100, Mexico
| | - Jesús Zepeda-Cervantes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), CDMX 04510, Mexico
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15
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Venkadakrishnan J, Lahane G, Dhar A, Xiao W, Bhat KM, Pandita TK, Bhat A. Implications of Translesion DNA Synthesis Polymerases on Genomic Stability and Human Health. Mol Cell Biol 2023; 43:401-425. [PMID: 37439479 PMCID: PMC10448981 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2023.2224199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication fork arrest-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) caused by lesions are effectively suppressed in cells due to the presence of a specialized mechanism, commonly referred to as DNA damage tolerance (DDT). In eukaryotic cells, DDT is facilitated through translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) carried out by a set of DNA polymerases known as TLS polymerases. Another parallel mechanism, referred to as homology-directed DDT, is error-free and involves either template switching or fork reversal. The significance of the DDT pathway is well established. Several diseases have been attributed to defects in the TLS pathway, caused either by mutations in the TLS polymerase genes or dysregulation. In the event of a replication fork encountering a DNA lesion, cells switch from high-fidelity replicative polymerases to low-fidelity TLS polymerases, which are associated with genomic instability linked with several human diseases including, cancer. The role of TLS polymerases in chemoresistance has been recognized in recent years. In addition to their roles in the DDT pathway, understanding noncanonical functions of TLS polymerases is also a key to unraveling their importance in maintaining genomic stability. Here we summarize the current understanding of TLS pathway in DDT and its implication for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ganesh Lahane
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arti Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Krishna Moorthi Bhat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Tej K. Pandita
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Audesh Bhat
- Center for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, UT Jammu and Kashmir, India
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16
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Wardlaw CP, Petrini JH. ISG15: A link between innate immune signaling, DNA replication, and genome stability. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300042. [PMID: 37147792 PMCID: PMC10473822 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) encodes a ubiquitin-like protein that is highly induced upon activation of interferon signaling and cytoplasmic DNA sensing pathways. As part of the innate immune system ISG15 acts to inhibit viral replication and particle release via the covalent conjugation to both viral and host proteins. Unlike ubiquitin, unconjugated ISG15 also functions as an intracellular and extra-cellular signaling molecule to modulate the immune response. Several recent studies have shown ISG15 to also function in a diverse array of cellular processes and pathways outside of the innate immune response. This review explores the role of ISG15 in maintaining genome stability, particularly during DNA replication, and how this relates to cancer biology. It puts forth the hypothesis that ISG15, along with DNA sensors, function within a DNA replication fork surveillance pathway to help maintain genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John H.J. Petrini
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Chen Y, Zhou J, Wu S, Wang L, Chen G, Chen D, Peng X, Miao YL, Mei S, Li F. ISG15 suppresses ovulation and female fertility by ISGylating ADAMTS1. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:84. [PMID: 37170317 PMCID: PMC10176748 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ISGylation is a post-translational protein modification that regulates many life activities, including immunomodulation, antiviral responses, and embryo implantation. The exact contribution of ISGylation to folliculogenesis remains largely undefined. RESULTS Here, Isg15 knockout in mice causes hyperfertility along with sensitive ovarian responses to gonadotropin, such as increases in cumulus expansion and ovulation rate. Moreover, ISG15 represses the expression of ovulation-related genes in an ISGylation-dependent manner. Mechanistically, ISG15 binds to ADAMTS1 via the ISG15-conjugating system (UBA7, UBE2L6, and HERC6), ISGylating ADAMTS1 at the binding sites Lys309, Lys593, Lys597, and Lys602, resulting in ADAMTS1 degradation via a 20S proteasome-dependent pathway. CONCLUSION Taken together, the present study demonstrates that covalent ISG15 conjugation produces a novel regulatory axis of ISG15-ADAMTS1 that enhances the degradation of ADAMTS1, thereby compromising ovulation and female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Chen
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China.
| | - Shang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gaogui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dake Chen
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianwen Peng
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Yi-Liang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuqi Mei
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Fenge Li
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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18
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Marghani BH, Ezz MA, Ateya AI, Fehaid A, Saleh RM, Rezk S. Comparative effects of finasteride and laser-irradiated silver nanoparticles on testicular function and histology in testosterone induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats. Life Sci 2023; 324:121747. [PMID: 37137466 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to compare the effects of finasteride, a medication used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and laser irradiated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), a potential candidate for BPH therapy (Sanchez-Salas, 2017; Marghani et al., 2022) [1,2], on the sex hormone profiles, sperm quality, steroidogenesis, testicular oxidative stress, and histomorphology changes in BPH rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS BPH was induced in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats via intramuscular (i.m.) injection of 5 mg/kg BW testosterone propionate (TP) for 14 days. Once the BPH model was induced, rats were divided into four groups (n = 6) as follows: the control group; the BPH group; the BPH/Fina group, which received 5 mg/kg BW finasteride by oral gavage daily for 14 days; and the BPH/AgNPs group, which received a daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 50 mg/kg BW AgNPs, followed by 5 min of exposure to a 532 nm NIR laser in the prostatic area for the constitutive 14 days. KEY FINDINGS On day 14, the BPH rats had a significant increase in prostate specific antigen (PSA), dihydrotestosterone, and prostate weights, while testicular weights and sperm quality were significantly lower than in the control rats. On day 28, laser irradiated AgNps treated BPH rats showed improved sex hormone balance, testicular weights, sperm quality, steroidogenesis, and an ameliorative effect on testicular histopathology compared to finasteride. SIGNIFICANCE Surprisingly, these findings suggest that laser irradiated AgNPs can be used as an alternative therapy to finasteride for the treatment of BPH without causing negative effects on the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma H Marghani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Salman International University, South of Sinaa 46612, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Aboul Ezz
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Ateya
- Department of Husbandry & Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Alaa Fehaid
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faulty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Saleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa Rezk
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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19
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Olie CS, Pinto-Fernández A, Damianou A, Vendrell I, Mei H, den Hamer B, van der Wal E, de Greef JC, Raz V, Kessler BM. USP18 is an essential regulator of muscle cell differentiation and maturation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:231. [PMID: 37002195 PMCID: PMC10066380 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasomal system is a critical regulator of muscle physiology, and impaired UPS is key in many muscle pathologies. Yet, little is known about the function of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) in the muscle cell context. We performed a genetic screen to identify DUBs as potential regulators of muscle cell differentiation. Surprisingly, we observed that the depletion of ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) affected the differentiation of muscle cells. USP18 depletion first stimulated differentiation initiation. Later, during differentiation, the absence of USP18 expression abrogated myotube maintenance. USP18 enzymatic function typically attenuates the immune response by removing interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) from protein substrates. However, in muscle cells, we found that USP18, predominantly nuclear, regulates differentiation independent of ISG15 and the ISG response. Exploring the pattern of RNA expression profiles and protein networks whose levels depend on USP18 expression, we found that differentiation initiation was concomitant with reduced expression of the cell-cycle gene network and altered expression of myogenic transcription (co) factors. We show that USP18 depletion altered the calcium channel gene network, resulting in reduced calcium flux in myotubes. Additionally, we show that reduced expression of sarcomeric proteins in the USP18 proteome was consistent with reduced contractile force in an engineered muscle model. Our results revealed nuclear USP18 as a critical regulator of differentiation initiation and maintenance, independent of ISG15 and its role in the ISG response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyriel Sebastiaan Olie
- Human Genetics department, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adán Pinto-Fernández
- Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Andreas Damianou
- Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Iolanda Vendrell
- Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca den Hamer
- Human Genetics department, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik van der Wal
- Human Genetics department, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica C de Greef
- Human Genetics department, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vered Raz
- Human Genetics department, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
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20
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cGAS-STING signalling in cancer: striking a balance with chromosomal instability. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:539-555. [PMID: 36876871 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer that drives tumour evolution. It is now recognised that CIN in cancer leads to the constitutive production of misplaced DNA in the form of micronuclei and chromatin bridges. These structures are detected by the nucleic acid sensor cGAS, leading to the production of the second messenger 2'3'-cGAMP and activation of the critical hub of innate immune signalling STING. Activation of this immune pathway should instigate the influx and activation of immune cells, resulting in the eradication of cancer cells. That this does not universally occur in the context of CIN remains an unanswered paradox in cancer. Instead, CIN-high cancers are notably adept at immune evasion and are highly metastatic with typically poor outcomes. In this review, we discuss the diverse facets of the cGAS-STING signalling pathway, including emerging roles in homeostatic processes and their intersection with genome stability regulation, its role as a driver of chronic pro-tumour inflammation, and crosstalk with the tumour microenvironment, which may collectively underlie its apparent maintenance in cancers. A better understanding of the mechanisms whereby this immune surveillance pathway is commandeered by chromosomally unstable cancers is critical to the identification of new vulnerabilities for therapeutic exploitation.
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21
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Impact of chitosan administration on titanium dioxide nanoparticles induced testicular dysfunction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19667. [PMID: 36385626 PMCID: PMC9669025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential reproductive toxic effects of oral TiO2 NPs in adult male rats as well as the possible alleviation of chitosan administration was investigated. Animals were allocated to four groups; the first group received deionized water and was assigned as a control group. In the second group, rats received chitosan at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW/day. The third group was designed for administration of TiO2 NPs at a dose of 150 mg/kg BW/day (1/80 LD50). Rats in the fourth group received both TiO2 NPs and chitosan. After 14 days, TiO2 NPs induced testicular lipid peroxidation as well as oxidative stress. Nano-titanium significantly upregulated genes that encode apoptosis and inflammation in testicular tissue. Moreover, it induced histological alteration in the testicular structure with impairment in spermatogenesis via reduction of PCNA immune-staining. Chitosan administration significantly improved the activities of testicular GPx, SOD, and CAT enzymes. In addition, it significantly down-regulated the relative expressions of pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory testicular genes. Chitosan was able to improve the testicular architecture as well as spermatogenesis. The current study revealed the capability of chitosan to ameliorate nano-titanium induced testicular toxicity. Thus, attention should be given to the extensive consumption of nano-titanium particles.
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22
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The diverse repertoire of ISG15: more intricate than initially thought. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1779-1792. [PMID: 36319753 PMCID: PMC9722776 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
ISG15, the product of interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene 15, is the first identified ubiquitin-like protein (UBL), which plays multifaceted roles not only as a free intracellular or extracellular molecule but also as a post-translational modifier in the process of ISG15 conjugation (ISGylation). ISG15 has only been identified in vertebrates, indicating that the functions of ISG15 and its conjugation are restricted to higher eukaryotes and have evolved with IFN signaling. Despite the highlighted complexity of ISG15 and ISGylation, it has been suggested that ISG15 and ISGylation profoundly impact a variety of cellular processes, including protein translation, autophagy, exosome secretion, cytokine secretion, cytoskeleton dynamics, DNA damage response, telomere shortening, and immune modulation, which emphasizes the necessity of reassessing ISG15 and ISGylation. However, the underlying mechanisms and molecular consequences of ISG15 and ISGylation remain poorly defined, largely due to a lack of knowledge on the ISG15 target repertoire. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanistic understanding and molecular consequences of ISG15 and ISGylation. We also highlight new insights into the roles of ISG15 and ISGylation not only in physiology but also in the pathogenesis of various human diseases, especially in cancer, which could contribute to therapeutic intervention in human diseases.
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23
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Wardlaw CP, Petrini JHJ. ISG15 conjugation to proteins on nascent DNA mitigates DNA replication stress. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5971. [PMID: 36216822 PMCID: PMC9550767 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathways involved in suppressing DNA replication stress and the associated DNA damage are critical to maintaining genome integrity. The Mre11 complex is unique among double strand break (DSB) repair proteins for its association with the DNA replication fork. Here we show that Mre11 complex inactivation causes DNA replication stress and changes in the abundance of proteins associated with nascent DNA. One of the most highly enriched proteins at the DNA replication fork upon Mre11 complex inactivation was the ubiquitin like protein ISG15. Mre11 complex deficiency and drug induced replication stress both led to the accumulation of cytoplasmic DNA and the subsequent activation of innate immune signaling via cGAS-STING-Tbk1. This led to ISG15 induction and protein ISGylation, including constituents of the replication fork. ISG15 plays a direct role in preventing replication stress. Deletion of ISG15 was associated with replication fork stalling, tonic ATR activation, genomic aberrations, and sensitivity to aphidicolin. These data reveal a previously unrecognized role for ISG15 in mitigating DNA replication stress and promoting genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Wardlaw
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John H J Petrini
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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24
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Ye Z, Chen J, Huang P, Xuan Z, Zheng S. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10, a deubiquitinating enzyme: Assessing its role in tumor prognosis and immune response. Front Oncol 2022; 12:990195. [PMID: 36248971 PMCID: PMC9554417 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.990195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10 (USP10) is a member of the ubiquitin-specific protease family that removes the ubiquitin chain from ubiquitin-conjugated protein substrates. We performed a literature search to evaluate the structure and biological activity of USP10, summarize its role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, and discuss how USP10 may act as a tumor suppressor or a tumor-promoting gene depending on its mechanism of action. Subsequently, we elaborated further on these results through bioinformatics analysis. We demonstrated that abnormal expression of USP10 is related to tumorigenesis in various types of cancer, including liver, lung, ovarian, breast, prostate, and gastric cancers and acute myeloid leukemia. Meanwhile, in certain cancers, increased USP10 expression is associated with tumor suppression. USP10 was downregulated in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and associated with reduced overall survival in patients with KIRC. In contrast, USP10 upregulation was associated with poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). In addition, we elucidated the novel role of USP10 in the regulation of tumor immunity in KIRC and HNSC through bioinformatics analysis. We identified several signaling pathways to be significantly associated with USP10 expression, such as ferroptosis, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, TGF-β, and G2/M checkpoint. In summary, this review outlines the role of USP10 in various forms of cancer, discusses the relevance of USP10 inhibitors in anti-tumor therapies, and highlights the potential function of USP10 in regulating the immune responses of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Ye
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Zixue Xuan
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zixue Xuan, ; Shuilian Zheng,
| | - Shuilian Zheng
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zixue Xuan, ; Shuilian Zheng,
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25
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Jeon SJ, Chung KC. Covalent conjugation of ubiquitin-like ISG15 to apoptosis inducing factor exacerbates toxic stimuli-induced apoptotic cell death. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102464. [PMID: 36075291 PMCID: PMC9547223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a mitochondrion-localized flavoprotein with NADH oxidase activity. AIF normally acts as an oxidoreductase to catalyze the transfer of electrons between molecules, but it can also kill cells when exposed to certain stimuli. For example, intact AIF is cleaved upon exposure to DNA-damaging agents such as etoposide, and truncated AIF (tAIF) is released from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm and translocated to the nucleus where it induces apoptosis. Although the serial events during tAIF-mediated apoptosis and the transition of AIF function have been widely studied from various perspectives, their underlying regulatory mechanisms and the factors involved are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that tAIF is a target of the covalent conjugation of the ubiquitin-like moiety ISG15 (referred to as ISGylation), which is mediated by the ISG15 E3 ligase HERC5. In addition, ISGylation increases the stability of tAIF protein as well as its K6-linked polyubiquitination. Moreover, we found that ISGylation increases the nuclear translocation of tAIF upon cytotoxic etoposide treatment, subsequently causing apoptotic cell death in human lung A549 carcinoma cells. Collectively, these results suggest that HERC5-mediated ISG15 conjugation is a key factor in the positive regulation of tAIF-mediated apoptosis, highlighting a novel role of posttranslational ISG15 modification as a switch that allows cells to live or die under the stress that triggers tAIF release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Jeong Jeon
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Kwang Chul Chung
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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26
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Wang Z, Li T, Gong Z, Xie J. Role of ISG15 post-translational modification in immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Cell Signal 2022; 94:110329. [PMID: 35390466 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ISG15 encoded by a type I interferon (IFN) inducible gene mediates an important cellular process called ISGylation. ISGylation emerges as a powerful host tactic against intracellular pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). However, the exact role of ISGylation in immunity remains elusive. To shed light on how ISGylation, which is both interesting and complex, participates in immunity against Mtb, this manuscript summarized the current knowledge about the structural characteristics and targets of ISG15 and how ISGylation cross-talks with other host post-translational modifications to exert its effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Wang
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tongxin Li
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, central laboratory Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Zhen Gong
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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27
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Fenteany G, Sharma G, Gaur P, Borics A, Wéber E, Kiss E, Haracska L. A series of xanthenes inhibiting Rad6 function and Rad6-Rad18 interaction in the PCNA ubiquitination cascade. iScience 2022; 25:104053. [PMID: 35355521 PMCID: PMC8958325 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) triggers pathways of DNA damage tolerance, including mutagenic translesion DNA synthesis, and comprises a cascade of reactions involving the E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme Uba1, the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Rad6, and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Rad18. We report here the discovery of a series of xanthenes that inhibit PCNA ubiquitination, Rad6∼ubiquitin thioester formation, and the Rad6–Rad18 interaction. Structure-activity relationship experiments across multiple assays reveal chemical and structural features important for different activities along the pathway to PCNA ubiquitination. The compounds that inhibit these processes are all a subset of the xanthen-3-ones we tested. These small molecules thus represent first-in-class probes of Rad6 function and the association of Rad6 and Rad18, the latter being a new inhibitory activity discovered for a small molecule, in the PCNA ubiquitination cascade and potential therapeutic agents to contain cancer progression. Alpha-based HTS for PCNA ubiquitination modulators Target-based characterization of hits A series of xanthenes that inhibit Rad6 functions and Rad6–Rad18 interaction
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28
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Jurczyszak D, Manganaro L, Buta S, Gruber C, Martin-Fernandez M, Taft J, Patel RS, Cipolla M, Alshammary H, Mulder LCF, Sachidanandam R, Bogunovic D, Simon V. ISG15 deficiency restricts HIV-1 infection. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010405. [PMID: 35333911 PMCID: PMC8986114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are a group of potent inflammatory and antiviral cytokines. They induce IFN stimulated genes (ISGs), which act as proinflammatory mediators, antiviral effectors, and negative regulators of the IFN-I signaling cascade itself. One such regulator is interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15). Humans with complete ISG15 deficiency express persistently elevated levels of ISGs, and consequently, exhibit broad spectrum resistance to viral infection. Here, we demonstrate that IFN-I primed fibroblasts derived from ISG15-deficient individuals are more resistant to infection with single-cycle HIV-1 compared to healthy control fibroblasts. Complementation with both wild-type (WT) ISG15 and ISG15ΔGG (incapable of ISGylation while retaining negative regulation activity) was sufficient to reverse this phenotype, restoring susceptibility to infection to levels comparable to WT cells. Furthermore, CRISPR-edited ISG15ko primary CD4+ T cells were less susceptible to HIV-1 infection compared to cells treated with non-targeting controls. Transcriptome analysis of these CRISPR-edited ISG15ko primary CD4+ T cells recapitulated the ISG signatures of ISG15 deficient patients. Taken together, we document that the increased broad-spectrum viral resistance in ISG15-deficiency also extends to HIV-1 and is driven by a combination of T-cell-specific ISGs, with both known and unknown functions, predicted to target HIV-1 replication at multiple steps. Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are a group of potent inflammatory and antiviral agents. They induce IFN stimulated genes (ISGs), which perform downstream functions to resolve viral infection, mediate the inflammatory response, as well as negatively regulate the IFN-I signaling cascade to prevent hyperinflammation. One such negative regulator is interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15). Humans that lack ISG15 have chronic, low levels of antiviral ISGs, and ensuing broad-spectrum resistance to viral infection. We demonstrate that IFN-I priming of ISG15-deficient cells leads to superior resistance to human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection compared to IFN-I primed healthy control cells. This is true for fibroblast cell lines, as well as primary CD4+ T cells, the main target of HIV-1. Analysis of the gene expression profiles show that ISG15-knockout CD4+ T cells express similar inflammatory markers as ISG15-deficient patients. Overall, we show that the broad-spectrum viral resistance in ISG15-deficiency extends to HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Jurczyszak
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Lara Manganaro
- INGM-Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, Virology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), University of MIlan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sofija Buta
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Conor Gruber
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Marta Martin-Fernandez
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Justin Taft
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Roosheel S. Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Melissa Cipolla
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Hala Alshammary
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Lubbertus C. F. Mulder
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Ravi Sachidanandam
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York city, New York, United States of America
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DB); (VS)
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DB); (VS)
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Ler AAL, Carty MP. DNA Damage Tolerance Pathways in Human Cells: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2022; 11:822500. [PMID: 35198436 PMCID: PMC8859465 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.822500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA lesions arising from both exogenous and endogenous sources occur frequently in DNA. During DNA replication, the presence of unrepaired DNA damage in the template can arrest replication fork progression, leading to fork collapse, double-strand break formation, and to genome instability. To facilitate completion of replication and prevent the generation of strand breaks, DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathways play a key role in allowing replication to proceed in the presence of lesions in the template. The two main DDT pathways are translesion synthesis (TLS), which involves the recruitment of specialized TLS polymerases to the site of replication arrest to bypass lesions, and homology-directed damage tolerance, which includes the template switching and fork reversal pathways. With some exceptions, lesion bypass by TLS polymerases is a source of mutagenesis, potentially contributing to the development of cancer. The capacity of TLS polymerases to bypass replication-blocking lesions induced by anti-cancer drugs such as cisplatin can also contribute to tumor chemoresistance. On the other hand, during homology-directed DDT the nascent sister strand is transiently utilised as a template for replication, allowing for error-free lesion bypass. Given the role of DNA damage tolerance pathways in replication, mutagenesis and chemoresistance, a more complete understanding of these pathways can provide avenues for therapeutic exploitation. A number of small molecule inhibitors of TLS polymerase activity have been identified that show synergy with conventional chemotherapeutic agents in killing cancer cells. In this review, we will summarize the major DDT pathways, explore the relationship between damage tolerance and carcinogenesis, and discuss the potential of targeting TLS polymerases as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlynn Ai Li Ler
- Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The National University of Ireland (NUI) Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael P. Carty
- Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The National University of Ireland (NUI) Galway, Galway, Ireland
- DNA Damage Response Laboratory, Centre for Chromosome Biology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Michael P. Carty,
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30
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Chen Y, Zhao Y, Yang X, Ren X, Huang S, Gong S, Tan X, Li J, He S, Li Y, Hong X, Li Q, Ding C, Fang X, Ma J, Liu N. USP44 regulates irradiation-induced DNA double-strand break repair and suppresses tumorigenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:501. [PMID: 35079021 PMCID: PMC8789930 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the primary treatment for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and approximately 20% of patients experience treatment failure due to tumour radioresistance. However, the exact regulatory mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the deubiquitinase USP44 is hypermethylated in NPC, which results in its downregulation. USP44 enhances the sensitivity of NPC cells to radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo. USP44 recruits and stabilizes the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 by removing its K48-linked polyubiquitin chains at Lys439, which further facilitates the degradation of Ku80 and inhibits its recruitment to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), thus enhancing DNA damage and inhibiting DNA repair via non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Knockout of TRIM25 reverses the radiotherapy sensitization effect of USP44. Clinically, low expression of USP44 indicates a poor prognosis and facilitates tumour relapse in NPC patients. This study suggests the USP44-TRIM25-Ku80 axis provides potential therapeutic targets for NPC patients. Radiotherapy is the mainstay treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here the authors show that the deubiquitinase, USP44, increases radiosensitivity of NPC cells by promoting the degradation of Ku80, and thus enhancing the levels of DNA damage.
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31
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Shen C, Li J, Zhang Q, Tao Y, Li R, Ma Z, Wang Z. LncRNA GASAL1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by up-regulating USP10-stabilized PCNA. Exp Cell Res 2021; 415:112973. [PMID: 34914965 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal malignancy which has insufficient treatment options. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) GASAL1 was discovered to be conspicuously up-regulated in HCC. However, the study on the role of GASAL1 in HCC reamins limited. Our study aimed at exploring the role and mechanism of GASAL1 in HCC. RT-qPCR or Western blot was conducted to examine the expression of RNAs or proteins. Functional assays were carried out to investigate the impact of GASAL1, USP10, and PCNA on HCC cells. Mechanism assays were performed to fathom out the relationship among GASAL1, miR-193b-5p, USP10, and PCNA. In vivo assays were also employed to determine the role of GASAL1 in HCC tumor growth and metastases. According to the data collected, GASAL1 displayed a high expression in HCC cells and GASAL1 knockdown led to impeded cell proliferation and migration, as well as tumor progression. A series of mechanism analysis demonstrated GASAL1 could sponge miR-193b-5p to raise the expression of USP10. Moreover, USP10 could induce PCNA deubiquitination to promote HCC cell growth. To conclude, GASAL1 plays an oncogenic role in HCC. GASAL1 could up-regulate USP10 via competitively binding to miR-193b-5p. And USP10 could strengthen cell proliferative and migratory abilities through deubiquitinating PCNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghuan Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Quanbao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yifeng Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ruidong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhenyu Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhengxin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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32
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Hayman TJ, Glazer PM. Regulation of the Cell-Intrinsic DNA Damage Response by the Innate Immune Machinery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12761. [PMID: 34884568 PMCID: PMC8657976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of genomic integrity is crucial for cell survival. As such, elegant DNA damage response (DDR) systems have evolved to ensure proper repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and other lesions that threaten genomic integrity. Towards this end, most therapeutic studies have focused on understanding of the canonical DNA DSB repair pathways to enhance the efficacy of DNA-damaging therapies. While these approaches have been fruitful, there has been relatively limited success to date and potential for significant normal tissue toxicity. With the advent of novel immunotherapies, there has been interest in understanding the interactions of radiation therapy with the innate and adaptive immune responses, with the ultimate goal of enhancing treatment efficacy. While a substantial body of work has demonstrated control of the immune-mediated (extrinsic) responses to DNA-damaging therapies by several innate immune pathways (e.g., cGAS-STING and RIG-I), emerging work demonstrates an underappreciated role of the innate immune machinery in directly regulating tumor cell-intrinsic/cell-autonomous responses to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Hayman
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Peter M. Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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33
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Park SH, Kim Y, Ra JS, Wie MW, Kang MS, Kang S, Myung K, Lee KY. Timely termination of repair DNA synthesis by ATAD5 is important in oxidative DNA damage-induced single-strand break repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:11746-11764. [PMID: 34718749 PMCID: PMC8599757 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generate oxidized bases and single-strand breaks (SSBs), which are fixed by base excision repair (BER) and SSB repair (SSBR), respectively. Although excision and repair of damaged bases have been extensively studied, the function of the sliding clamp, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), including loading/unloading, remains unclear. We report that, in addition to PCNA loading by replication factor complex C (RFC), timely PCNA unloading by the ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5 (ATAD5)-RFC-like complex is important for the repair of ROS-induced SSBs. We found that PCNA was loaded at hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-generated direct SSBs after the 3'-terminus was converted to the hydroxyl moiety by end-processing enzymes. However, PCNA loading rarely occurred during BER of oxidized or alkylated bases. ATAD5-depleted cells were sensitive to acute H2O2 treatment but not methyl methanesulfonate treatment. Unexpectedly, when PCNA remained on DNA as a result of ATAD5 depletion, H2O2-induced repair DNA synthesis increased in cancerous and normal cells. Based on higher H2O2-induced DNA breakage and SSBR protein enrichment by ATAD5 depletion, we propose that extended repair DNA synthesis increases the likelihood of DNA polymerase stalling, shown by increased PCNA monoubiquitination, and consequently, harmful nick structures are more frequent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyung Park
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Youyoung Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sun Ra
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Wie
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Kang
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukhyun Kang
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoo-Young Lee
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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34
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Zhang S, Zhou T, Wang Z, Yi F, Li C, Guo W, Xu H, Cui H, Dong X, Liu J, Song X, Cao L. Post-Translational Modifications of PCNA in Control of DNA Synthesis and DNA Damage Tolerance-the Implications in Carcinogenesis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4047-4059. [PMID: 34671219 PMCID: PMC8495385 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.64628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The faithful DNA replication is a critical event for cell survival and inheritance. However, exogenous or endogenous sources of damage challenge the accurate synthesis of DNA, which causes DNA lesions. The DNA lesions are obstacles for replication fork progression. However, the prolonged replication fork stalling leads to replication fork collapse, which may cause DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). In order to maintain genomic stability, eukaryotic cells evolve translesion synthesis (TLS) and template switching (TS) to resolve the replication stalling. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) trimer acts as a slide clamp and encircles DNA to orchestrate DNA synthesis and DNA damage tolerance (DDT). The post-translational modifications (PTMs) of PCNA regulate these functions to ensure the appropriate initiation and termination of replication and DDT. The aberrant regulation of PCNA PTMs will result in DSB, which causes mutagenesis and poor response to chemotherapy. Here, we review the roles of the PCNA PTMs in DNA duplication and DDT. We propose that clarifying the regulation of PCNA PTMs may provide insights into understanding the development of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Fei Yi
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Chunlu Li
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Wendong Guo
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Hongde Xu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Hongyan Cui
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Xiang Dong
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Liu Cao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
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35
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Mohammed N, Ahmed SA, Hegazy NI, Kashishy K. Ameliorative effects of hesperidin and N-acetylcysteine against formaldehyde-induced-hemato- and genotoxicity. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:992-1002. [PMID: 34733484 PMCID: PMC8557673 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the hemato- and genotoxic effects of formaldehyde (FA) and the possible mitigating role of hesperidin (HP) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), each alone and in combination. Sixty-four adult male albino rats were divided into eight equal groups; the study was conducted for 8 weeks; Group I (negative control: received no medication), Group II (positive control: received distilled water), Group III (received HP 50 mg/kg/day), Group IV (received NAC 50 mg/kg/day), Group V (received FA 10 mg/kg/day), Group VI (FA + HP), Group VII (FA + NAC), and Group VIII (FA + HP + NAC). Groups VI, VII, VIII received the same previously mentioned doses and for the same duration. All treatments were given by intraperitoneal administration. At the end of the study, complete blood count, oxidative stress, histopathological changes, immunohistochemical staining of inducible nitric oxide synthase, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen and genotoxicity by comet assay in the bone marrow of treated rats were assessed. FA administration caused significant hematotoxicity represented by elevated white blood cell numbers and serum malondialdehyde levels and reduced red blood cell numbers, platelets, and serum superoxide dismutase values. Histologically, it induced an increase in fat cell numbers in bone marrow tissue with a widening of marrow spaces and decreased cellularity of hematopoietic cells, megakaryocytes, and granulocytes. FA exposure significantly decreased immunoreactivity for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, whereas the immunoreactivity for inducible nitric oxide synthase was increased. Genotoxicity, as measured by comet assay, revealed a significant increase in comet% and tail length in FA-treated group when compared with other groups. The cotreatment with HP and NAC revealed their ability to protect against hematological changes, oxidative damage, histopathological, and immunohistochemical changes, and genotoxicity induced by FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Mohammed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sahar A Ahmed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nagah I Hegazy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Kamal Kashishy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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36
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Dash RC, Hadden K. Protein-Protein Interactions in Translesion Synthesis. Molecules 2021; 26:5544. [PMID: 34577015 PMCID: PMC8468184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Translesion synthesis (TLS) is an error-prone DNA damage tolerance mechanism used by actively replicating cells to copy past DNA lesions and extend the primer strand. TLS ensures that cells continue replication in the presence of damaged DNA bases, albeit at the expense of an increased mutation rate. Recent studies have demonstrated a clear role for TLS in rescuing cancer cells treated with first-line genotoxic agents by allowing them to replicate and survive in the presence of chemotherapy-induced DNA lesions. The importance of TLS in both the initial response to chemotherapy and the long-term development of acquired resistance has allowed it to emerge as an interesting target for small molecule drug discovery. Proper TLS function is a complicated process involving a heteroprotein complex that mediates multiple attachment and switching steps through several protein-protein interactions (PPIs). In this review, we briefly describe the importance of TLS in cancer and provide an in-depth analysis of key TLS PPIs, focusing on key structural features at the PPI interface while also exploring the potential druggability of each key PPI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle Hadden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06029-3092, USA;
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37
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Bacurio JHT, Yang H, Naldiga S, Powell BV, Ryan BJ, Freudenthal BD, Greenberg MM, Basu AK. Sequence context effects of replication of Fapy•dG in three mutational hot spot sequences of the p53 gene in human cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 108:103213. [PMID: 34464900 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fapy•dG and 8-OxodGuo are formed in DNA from a common N7-dG radical intermediate by reaction with hydroxyl radical. Although cellular levels of Fapy•dG are often greater, its effects on replication are less well understood than those of 8-OxodGuo. In this study plasmid DNA containing Fapy•dG in three mutational hotspots of human cancers, codons 248, 249, and 273 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, was replicated in HEK 293T cells. TLS efficiencies for the Fapy•dG containing plasmids varied from 72 to 89%, and were further reduced in polymerase-deficient cells. The mutation frequency (MF) of Fapy•dG ranged from 7.3 to 11.6%, with G→T and G→A as major mutations in codons 248 and 249 compared to primarily G→T in codon 273. Increased MF in hPol ι-, hPol κ-, and hPol ζ-deficient cells suggested that these polymerases more frequently insert the correct nucleotide dC opposite Fapy•dG, whereas decreased G→A in codons 248 and 249 and reduction of all mutations in codon 273 in hPol λ-deficient cells indicated hPol λ's involvement in Fapy•dG mutagenesis. In vitro kinetic analysis using isolated translesion synthesis polymerases and hPol λ incompletely corroborated the mutagenesis experiments, indicating codependence on other proteins in the cellular milieu. In conclusion, Fapy•dG mutagenesis is dependent on the DNA sequence context, but its bypass by the TLS polymerases is largely error-free.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haozhe Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Spandana Naldiga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Brent V Powell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Benjamin J Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Bret D Freudenthal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Marc M Greenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| | - Ashis K Basu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
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38
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Induced TRIM21 ISGylation by IFN-β enhances p62 ubiquitination to prevent its autophagosome targeting. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:697. [PMID: 34257278 PMCID: PMC8277845 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21) plays important roles in autophagy and innate immunity. Here, we found that HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 5 (HERC5), as an interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) E3 ligase, catalyzes the ISGylation of TRIM21 at the Lys260 and Lys279 residues. Moreover, IFN-β also induces TRIM21 ISGylation at multiple lysine residues, thereby enhancing its E3 ligase activity for K63-linkage-specific ubiquitination and resulting in increased levels of TRIM21 and p62 K63-linked ubiquitination. The K63-linked ubiquitination of p62 at Lys7 prevents its self-oligomerization and targeting to the autophagosome. Taken together, our study suggests that the ISGylation of TRIM21 plays a vital role in regulating self-oligomerization and localization of p62 in the autophagy induced by IFN-β.
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39
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Tecalco-Cruz AC. Molecular Pathways of Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15: Implications in Cancer. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 22:19-28. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203721999201208200747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a 15-kDa ubiquitin-like protein that
can be detected as either free ISG15 or covalently associated with its target proteins through a process
termed ISGylation. Interestingly, extracellular free ISG15 has been proposed as a cytokinelike
protein, whereas ISGylation is a posttranslational modification. ISG15 is a small protein with
implications in some biological processes and pathologies that include cancer. This review highlights
the findings of both free ISG15 and protein ISGylation involved in several molecular pathways,
emerging as central elements in some cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C. Tecalco-Cruz
- Programa en Ciencias Genomicas, Universidad Autonoma de la Ciudad de Mexico (UACM), Apdo. Postal 03100, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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40
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Raso MC, Djoric N, Walser F, Hess S, Schmid FM, Burger S, Knobeloch KP, Penengo L. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 accelerates replication fork progression inducing chromosomal breakage. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151903. [PMID: 32597933 PMCID: PMC7401800 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202002175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is highly regulated by the ubiquitin system, which plays key roles upon stress. The ubiquitin-like modifier ISG15 (interferon-stimulated gene 15) is induced by interferons, bacterial and viral infection, and DNA damage, but it is also constitutively expressed in many types of cancer, although its role in tumorigenesis is still largely elusive. Here, we show that ISG15 localizes at the replication forks, in complex with PCNA and the nascent DNA, where it regulates DNA synthesis. Indeed, high levels of ISG15, intrinsic or induced by interferon-β, accelerate DNA replication fork progression, resulting in extensive DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations. This effect is largely independent of ISG15 conjugation and relies on ISG15 functional interaction with the DNA helicase RECQ1, which promotes restart of stalled replication forks. Additionally, elevated ISG15 levels sensitize cells to cancer chemotherapeutic treatments. We propose that ISG15 up-regulation exposes cells to replication stress, impacting genome stability and response to genotoxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Raso
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nikola Djoric
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Walser
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Hess
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Marc Schmid
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Burger
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Lorenza Penengo
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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41
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Osborne HC, Irving E, Forment JV, Schmidt CK. E2 enzymes in genome stability: pulling the strings behind the scenes. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:628-643. [PMID: 33685796 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) function as critical post-translational modifiers in the maintenance of genome stability. Ubiquitin/UBL-conjugating enzymes (E2s) are responsible, as part of a wider enzymatic cascade, for transferring single moieties or polychains of ubiquitin/UBLs to one or multiple residues on substrate proteins. Recent advances in structural and mechanistic understanding of how ubiquitin/UBL substrate attachment is orchestrated indicate that E2s can exert control over chain topology, substrate-site specificity, and downstream physiological effects to help maintain genome stability. Drug discovery efforts have typically focussed on modulating other members of the ubiquitin/UBL cascades or the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Here, we review the current standing of E2s in genome stability and revisit their potential as pharmacological targets for developing novel anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh C Osborne
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Elsa Irving
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Josep V Forment
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Christine K Schmidt
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK.
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42
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Lee KY, Park SH. Eukaryotic clamp loaders and unloaders in the maintenance of genome stability. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1948-1958. [PMID: 33339954 PMCID: PMC8080817 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic sliding clamp proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) plays a critical role as a processivity factor for DNA polymerases and as a binding and acting platform for many proteins. The ring-shaped PCNA homotrimer and the DNA damage checkpoint clamp 9-1-1 are loaded onto DNA by clamp loaders. PCNA can be loaded by the pentameric replication factor C (RFC) complex and the CTF18-RFC-like complex (RLC) in vitro. In cells, each complex loads PCNA for different purposes; RFC-loaded PCNA is essential for DNA replication, while CTF18-RLC-loaded PCNA participates in cohesion establishment and checkpoint activation. After completing its tasks, PCNA is unloaded by ATAD5 (Elg1 in yeast)-RLC. The 9-1-1 clamp is loaded at DNA damage sites by RAD17 (Rad24 in yeast)-RLC. All five RFC complex components, but none of the three large subunits of RLC, CTF18, ATAD5, or RAD17, are essential for cell survival; however, deficiency of the three RLC proteins leads to genomic instability. In this review, we describe recent findings that contribute to the understanding of the basic roles of the RFC complex and RLCs and how genomic instability due to deficiency of the three RLCs is linked to the molecular and cellular activity of RLC, particularly focusing on ATAD5 (Elg1). The attachment and removal of clamp proteins that encircle DNA as it is copied and assist its replication and maintenance is mediated by DNA clamp loader and unloader proteins; defects in loading and unloading can increase the rate of damaging mutations. Kyoo-young Lee and Su Hyung Park at the Institute for Basic Science in Ulsan, South Korea, review current understanding of the activity of clamp loading and unloading proteins. They examine research on the proteins in eukaryotic cells, those containing a cell nucleus, making their discussion relevant to understanding the stability of the human genome. They focus particular attention on a protein called ATAD5, which is involved in unloading the clamp proteins. Deficiencies in ATAD5 function have been implicated in genetic instability that might lead to several different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoo-Young Lee
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea.
| | - Su Hyung Park
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea
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Sandy Z, da Costa IC, Schmidt CK. More than Meets the ISG15: Emerging Roles in the DNA Damage Response and Beyond. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1557. [PMID: 33203188 PMCID: PMC7698331 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of genome stability is a crucial priority for any organism. To meet this priority, robust signalling networks exist to facilitate error-free DNA replication and repair. These signalling cascades are subject to various regulatory post-translational modifications that range from simple additions of chemical moieties to the conjugation of ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs). Interferon Stimulated Gene 15 (ISG15) is one such UBL. While classically thought of as a component of antiviral immunity, ISG15 has recently emerged as a regulator of genome stability, with key roles in the DNA damage response (DDR) to modulate p53 signalling and error-free DNA replication. Additional proteomic analyses and cancer-focused studies hint at wider-reaching, uncharacterised functions for ISG15 in genome stability. We review these recent discoveries and highlight future perspectives to increase our understanding of this multifaceted UBL in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christine K. Schmidt
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK; (Z.S.); (I.C.d.C.)
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Conti BA, Smogorzewska A. Mechanisms of direct replication restart at stressed replisomes. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 95:102947. [PMID: 32853827 PMCID: PMC7669714 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A Conti
- Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York 10065, USA
| | - Agata Smogorzewska
- Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York 10065, USA.
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45
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Cardano M, Tribioli C, Prosperi E. Targeting Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) as an Effective Strategy to Inhibit Tumor Cell Proliferation. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 20:240-252. [PMID: 31951183 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666200115162814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeting highly proliferating cells is an important issue for many types of aggressive tumors. Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) is an essential protein that participates in a variety of processes of DNA metabolism, including DNA replication and repair, chromatin organization and transcription and sister chromatid cohesion. In addition, PCNA is involved in cell survival, and possibly in pathways of energy metabolism, such as glycolysis. Thus, the possibility of targeting this protein for chemotherapy against highly proliferating malignancies is under active investigation. Currently, approaches to treat cells with agents targeting PCNA rely on the use of small molecules or on peptides that either bind to PCNA, or act as a competitor of interacting partners. Here, we describe the status of the art in the development of agents targeting PCNA and discuss their application in different types of tumor cell lines and in animal model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriana Cardano
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare del C.N.R. "Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Pavia- 27100, Italy
| | - Carla Tribioli
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare del C.N.R. "Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Pavia- 27100, Italy
| | - Ennio Prosperi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare del C.N.R. "Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Pavia- 27100, Italy
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46
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Wilkinson NA, Mnuskin KS, Ashton NW, Woodgate R. Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Like Proteins Are Essential Regulators of DNA Damage Bypass. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102848. [PMID: 33023096 PMCID: PMC7600381 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins are conjugated to many other proteins within the cell, to regulate their stability, localization, and activity. These modifications are essential for normal cellular function and the disruption of these processes contributes to numerous cancer types. In this review, we discuss how ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins regulate the specialized replication pathways of DNA damage bypass, as well as how the disruption of these processes can contribute to cancer development. We also discuss how cancer cell survival relies on DNA damage bypass, and how targeting the regulation of these pathways by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins might be an effective strategy in anti-cancer therapies. Abstract Many endogenous and exogenous factors can induce genomic instability in human cells, in the form of DNA damage and mutations, that predispose them to cancer development. Normal cells rely on DNA damage bypass pathways such as translesion synthesis (TLS) and template switching (TS) to replicate past lesions that might otherwise result in prolonged replication stress and lethal double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, due to the lower fidelity of the specialized polymerases involved in TLS, the activation and suppression of these pathways must be tightly regulated by post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination in order to limit the risk of mutagenesis. Many cancer cells rely on the deregulation of DNA damage bypass to promote carcinogenesis and tumor formation, often giving them heightened resistance to DNA damage from chemotherapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss the key functions of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins in regulating DNA damage bypass in human cells, and highlight ways in which these processes are both deregulated in cancer progression and might be targeted in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas W. Ashton
- Correspondence: (N.W.A.); (R.W.); Tel.: +1-301-435-1115 (N.W.A.); +1-301-435-0740 (R.W.)
| | - Roger Woodgate
- Correspondence: (N.W.A.); (R.W.); Tel.: +1-301-435-1115 (N.W.A.); +1-301-435-0740 (R.W.)
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Álvarez V, Frattini C, Sacristán MP, Gallego-Sánchez A, Bermejo R, Bueno A. PCNA Deubiquitylases Control DNA Damage Bypass at Replication Forks. Cell Rep 2020; 29:1323-1335.e5. [PMID: 31665643 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage tolerance plays a key role in protecting cell viability through translesion synthesis and template switching-mediated bypass of genotoxic polymerase-blocking base lesions. Both tolerance pathways critically rely on ubiquitylation of the proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) on lysine 164 and have been proposed to operate uncoupled from replication. We report that Ubp10 and Ubp12 ubiquitin proteases differentially cooperate in PCNA deubiquitylation, owing to distinct activities on PCNA-linked ubiquitin chains. Ubp10 and Ubp12 associate with replication forks in a fashion determined by Ubp10 dependency on lagging-strand PCNA residence, and they downregulate translesion polymerase recruitment and template switch events engaging nascent strands. These findings reveal PCNAK164 deubiquitylation as a key mechanism for the modulation of lesion bypass during replication, which might set a framework for establishing strand-differential pathway choices. We propose that damage tolerance is tempered at replication forks to limit the extension of bypass events and sustain chromosome replication rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Álvarez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (USAL/CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - María P Sacristán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (USAL/CSIC), Salamanca, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | - Avelino Bueno
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (USAL/CSIC), Salamanca, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Ramírez-Jarquín JO, Cruz-Ramos E. Regulation and action of interferon-stimulated gene 15 in breast cancer cells. Hum Cell 2020; 33:954-962. [DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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49
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Ma X, Tang TS, Guo C. Regulation of translesion DNA synthesis in mammalian cells. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:680-692. [PMID: 31983077 DOI: 10.1002/em.22359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The genomes of all living cells are under endogenous and exogenous attacks every day, causing diverse genomic lesions. Most of the lesions can be timely repaired by multiple DNA repair pathways. However, some may persist during S-phase, block DNA replication, and challenge genome integrity. Eukaryotic cells have evolved DNA damage tolerance (DDT) to mitigate the lethal effects of arrested DNA replication without prior removal of the offending DNA damage. As one important mode of DDT, translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) utilizes multiple low-fidelity DNA polymerases to incorporate nucleotides opposite DNA lesions to maintain genome integrity. Three different mechanisms have been proposed to regulate the polymerase switching between high-fidelity DNA polymerases in the replicative machinery and one or more specialized enzymes. Additionally, it is known that proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) mono-ubiquitination is essential for optimal TLS. Given its error-prone property, TLS is closely associated with spontaneous and drug-induced mutations in cells, which can potentially lead to tumorigenesis and chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, TLS process must be tightly modulated to avoid unwanted mutagenesis. In this review, we will focus on polymerase switching and PCNA mono-ubiquitination, the two key events in TLS pathway in mammalian cells, and summarize current understandings of regulation of TLS process at the levels of protein-protein interactions, post-translational modifications as well as transcription and noncoding RNAs. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 61:680-692, 2020. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Ma
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tie-Shan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Qu T, Zhang W, Qi L, Cao L, Liu C, Huang Q, Li G, Li L, Wang Y, Guo Q, Guo Y, Ren D, Gao Y, Wang J, Meng B, Zhang B, Cao W. ISG15 induces ESRP1 to inhibit lung adenocarcinoma progression. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:511. [PMID: 32641707 PMCID: PMC7343783 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2706-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Our previous work demonstrated that Epithelial Splicing Regulatory Protein 1 (ESRP1) could inhibit the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC). When ESRP1 was upregulated, the interferon (IFN) pathway was activated and Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) expression increased exponentially in our microarray result. In this study, we aim to explore the function of ISG15 and its interactions with ESRP1 and to provide new insights for ADC treatment. ISG15 expression in lung ADC tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The effect of ISG15 on lung ADC progression was examined by in vitro and in vivo assays. The mechanism of action on ESRP1 regulating ISG15 was investigated using Western blotting, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence staining, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and a dual luciferase reporter system. The ISGylation between ISG15 and ESRP1 was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. Patients with high ISG15 expression were associated with higher survival rates, especially those with ISG15 expression in the nucleus. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that upregulation of ISG15 inhibited EMT in lung ADC. ESRP1 upregulated the expression of ISG15 through CREB with enriched ISG15 in the nucleus. Importantly, ISG15 promoted ISGylation of ESRP1 and slowed the degradation of ESRP1, which demonstrated that ESRP1 and ISG15 formed a positive feedback loop and jointly suppressed EMT of lung ADC. In conclusion, ISG15 serves as an independent prognostic marker for long-term survival in lung ADC patients. We have revealed the protective effect of ISG15 against lung ADC progression and the combinatorial benefit of ISG15 and ESRP1 on inhibiting EMT. These findings suggest that reconstituting ISG15 and ESRP1 may have the potential for treating lung ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyuan Qu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenshuai Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Lisha Qi
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Cao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Changxu Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, 300120, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiujuan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangning Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingmei Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Yalei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianru Guo
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhong Guo
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Danyang Ren
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Gao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Meng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, 300060, Tianjin, China.
| | - Wenfeng Cao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, 300060, Tianjin, China.
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