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Manteaux G, Amsel A, Riquier-Morcant B, Prieto Romero J, Gayte L, Fourneaux B, Larroque M, Gruel N, Quignot C, Perot G, Jacq S, Cisse MY, Pomiès P, Sengenes C, Chibon F, Heuillet M, Bellvert F, Watson S, Carrere S, Firmin N, Riscal R, Linares LK. A metabolic crosstalk between liposarcoma and muscle sustains tumor growth. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7940. [PMID: 39266552 PMCID: PMC11393074 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated and Well-differentiated liposarcoma are characterized by a systematic amplification of the Murine Double Minute 2 (MDM2) oncogene. We demonstrate that p53-independent metabolic functions of chromatin-bound MDM2 are exacerbated in liposarcoma and mediate an addiction to serine metabolism to sustain tumor growth. However, the origin of exogenous serine remains unclear. Here, we show that elevated serine levels in mice harboring liposarcoma-patient derived xenograft, released by distant muscle is essential for liposarcoma cell survival. Repressing interleukine-6 expression, or treating liposarcoma cells with Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) approved anti-interleukine-6 monoclonal antibody, decreases de novo serine synthesis in muscle, impairs proliferation, and increases cell death in vitro and in vivo. This work reveals a metabolic crosstalk between muscle and liposarcoma tumor and identifies anti-interleukine-6 as a plausible treatment for liposarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Manteaux
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alix Amsel
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Blanche Riquier-Morcant
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jaime Prieto Romero
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurie Gayte
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Fourneaux
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Larroque
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadège Gruel
- INSERM U830, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Chloé Quignot
- INSERM U830, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Gaelle Perot
- INSERM UMR 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse-III, Toulouse, France
| | - Solenn Jacq
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Madi Y Cisse
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Pomiès
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier-INSERM-CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Coralie Sengenes
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM 1301, CNRS 5070, EFS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Chibon
- INSERM UMR 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse-III, Toulouse, France
| | - Maud Heuillet
- Toulouse Biotechnologie Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
- MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Floriant Bellvert
- Toulouse Biotechnologie Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
- MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah Watson
- INSERM U830, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Carrere
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nelly Firmin
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Romain Riscal
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Laetitia K Linares
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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2
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Guo L, Chen W, Yue J, Gao M, Zhang J, Huang Y, Xiong H, Li X, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Chen L, Fei F, Xu R. Unlocking the potential of LHPP: Inhibiting glioma growth and cell cycle via the MDM2/p53 pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1871:167509. [PMID: 39277057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
The recurrence of glioma after treatment has remained an intractable problem for many years. Recently, numerous studies have explored the pivotal role of the mouse double minute 2 (MDM2)/p53 pathway in cancer treatment. Lysine phosphate phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase (LHPP), a newly discovered tumor suppressor, has been confirmed in numerous studies on tumors, but its role in glioma remains poorly understood. Expression matrices in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases were analyzed using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), revealing significant alterations in the p53 pathway among glioma patients with high LHPP expression. The overexpression of LHPP in glioma cells resulted in a reduction in cell proliferation, migration, and invasive ability, as well as an increase in apoptosis and alterations to the cell cycle. The present study has identified a novel inhibitory mechanism of LHPP against glioma, both in vivo and in vitro. The results demonstrate that LHPP exerts anti-glioma effects via the MDM2/p53 pathway. These findings may offer a new perspective for the treatment of glioma in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiong Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingjun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yukai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinda Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Longyi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Fan Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ruxiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Spalato-Ceruso M, Ghazzi NE, Italiano A. New strategies in soft tissue sarcoma treatment. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:76. [PMID: 39218932 PMCID: PMC11368005 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) have long been a formidable challenge in oncology, partly because of their rarity and diversity, which complicates large-scale studies and slows the advent of new treatments. Traditionally anchored by anthracycline-based chemotherapy, the landscape of STS treatment hasn't shifted dramatically in the past twenty years. However, recent strides in research are starting to paint a more hopeful picture. Leveraging advanced molecular profiling, researchers are now tailoring treatments to the unique genetic makeup of tumors, with targeted therapies showing promise. Innovations such as NTRK inhibitors for NTRK-rearranged sarcomas and gamma-secretase inhibitors for desmoid tumors are changing clinical practices. The rise of immunotherapy, including novel agents like LAG-3 inhibitors and bifunctional proteins that target both TGF-β and PD-L1, offers new avenues for treatment, particularly when combined with traditional therapies like chemotherapy. Meanwhile, the approval of epigenetic treatments for specific sarcoma subtypes heralds a new wave of strategy based on histological specificity, which could lead to more personalized and effective care. While challenges remain, the field of STS treatment is evolving, driven by a deeper understanding of the disease's biological underpinnings and a commitment to innovative research approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan El Ghazzi
- Sarcoma Unit, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1312, Bordeaux, France
| | - Antoine Italiano
- Sarcoma Unit, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France.
- INSERM U1312, Bordeaux, France.
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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4
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de Queiroz RM, Efe G, Guzman A, Hashimoto N, Kawashima Y, Tanaka T, Rustgi AK, Prives C. Mdm2 requires Sprouty4 to regulate focal adhesion formation and metastasis independent of p53. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7132. [PMID: 39164253 PMCID: PMC11336179 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51488-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the E3 ligase Mdm2 and its homologue and binding partner MdmX are the major regulators of the p53 tumor suppressor protein, it is now evident that Mdm2 and MdmX have multiple functions that do not involve p53. As one example, it is known that Mdm2 can regulate cell migration, although mechanistic insight into this function is still lacking. Here we show in cells lacking p53 expression that knockdown of Mdm2 or MdmX, as well as pharmacological inhibition of the Mdm2/MdmX complex, not only reduces cell migration and invasion, but also impairs cell spreading and focal adhesion formation. In addition, Mdm2 knockdown decreases metastasis in vivo. Interestingly, Mdm2 downregulates the expression of Sprouty4, which is required for the Mdm2 mediated effects on cell migration, focal adhesion formation and metastasis. Further, our findings indicate that Mdm2 dampening of Sprouty4 is a prerequisite for maintaining RhoA levels in the cancer cells that we have studied. Taken together we describe a molecular mechanism whereby the Mdm2/MdmX complex through Sprouty4 regulates cellular processes leading to increase metastatic capability independently of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gizem Efe
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Asja Guzman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Naoko Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawashima
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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5
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Zhang W, Chen X, Chen X, Li J, Wang H, Yan X, Zha H, Ma X, Zhao C, Su M, Hong L, Li P, Ling Y, Zhao W, Xia Y, Li B, Zheng T, Gu J. Fc-Fc interactions and immune inhibitory effects of IgG4: implications for anti-PD-1 immunotherapies. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e009034. [PMID: 38925680 PMCID: PMC11203076 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-009034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of anti-programmed cell-death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) use S228P mutation IgG4 as the structural basis to avoid the activation of immune cells or complement. However, little attention has been paid to the Fc-Fc interactions between IgG4 and other IgG Fc fragments that could result in adverse effects. Fc-null IgG1 framework is a potential safer alternative to avoid the undesirable Fc-Fc interactions and Fc receptor binding derived effects observed with IgG4. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of anti-PD-1 mAbs of these two frameworks. METHODS Trastuzumab and rituximab (both IgG1), wildtype IgG1 and IgG4 were immobilized on nitrocellulose membranes, coated to microplates and biosensor chips, and bound to tumor cells as targets for Fc-Fc interactions. Wildtype IgG1 and IgG4, anti-PD-1 mAb nivolumab (IgG4 S228P), penpulimab (Fc-null IgG1), and tislelizumab (Fc-null IgG4 S228P-R409K) were assessed for their binding reactions to the immobilized IgG proteins and quantitative kinetic data were obtained. To evaluate the effects of the two anti-PD-1 mAbs on immune responses mediated by trastuzumab and rituximab in the context of combination therapy, we employed classic immune models for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, and complement dependent cytotoxicity. Tumor-bearing mouse models, both wildtype and humanized, were used for in vivo investigation. Furthermore, we also examined the effects of IgG1 and IgG4 on diverse immune cell populations RESULTS: Experiments demonstrated that wildtype IgG4 and nivolumab bound to immobilized IgG through Fc-Fc interactions, diminishing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and phagocytosis reactions. Quantitative analysis of kinetic parameters suggests that nivolumab and wildtype IgG4 exhibit comparable binding affinities to immobilized IgG1 in both non-denatured and denatured states. IgG4 exerted inhibitory effects on various immune cell types. Wildtype IgG4 and nivolumab both promoted tumor growth in wildtype mouse models. Conversely, wildtype IgG1, penpulimab, and tislelizumab did not show similar adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Fc-null IgG1 represents a safer choice for anti-PD-1 immunotherapies by avoiding both the adverse Fc-Fc interactions and Fc-related immune inhibitory effects of IgG4. Fc-null IgG4 S228P-R409K and Fc-null IgG1 displayed similar structural properties and benefits. This study contributes to the understanding of immunotherapy resistance and the advancement of safer immune therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xueling Chen
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jirui Li
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaomiao Yan
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Xinan Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Zha
- The People's Hospital of Qijiang District Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chanyuan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Meng Su
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Liangli Hong
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Penghao Li
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Xinan Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanyu Ling
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Akeso Biopharma Inc, Zhongshan, China
| | | | - Tianjing Zheng
- Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Xinan Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu, China
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Lin J, Hou L, Zhao X, Zhong J, Lv Y, Jiang X, Ye B, Qiao Y. Switch of ELF3 and ATF4 transcriptional axis programs the amino acid insufficiency-linked epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1956-1969. [PMID: 38627967 PMCID: PMC11184330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that endows cancer cells with increased invasive and migratory capacity enables cancer dissemination and metastasis. This process is tightly associated with metabolic reprogramming acquired for rewiring cell status and signaling pathways for survival in dietary insufficiency conditions. However, it remains largely unclear how transcription factor (TF)-mediated transcriptional programs are modulated during the EMT process. Here, we reveal that depletion of a key epithelial TF, ELF3 (E74-like factor-3), triggers a transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling activation-like mesenchymal transcriptomic profile and metastatic features linked to the aminoacyl-tRNA biogenesis pathway. Moreover, the transcriptome alterations elicited by ELF3 depletion perfectly resemble an ATF4-dependent weak response to amino acid starvation. Intriguingly, we observe an exclusive enrichment of ELF3 and ATF4 in epithelial and TGF-β-induced or ELF3-depletion-elicited mesenchymal enhancers, respectively, with rare co-binding on altered enhancers. We also find that the upregulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and some mesenchymal genes upon amino acid deprivation is diminished in ATF4-depleted cells. In sum, the loss of ELF3 binding on epithelial enhancers and the gain of ATF4 binding on the enhancers of mesenchymal factors and amino acid deprivation responsive genes facilitate the loss of epithelial cell features and the gain of TGF-β-signaling-associated mesenchymal signatures, which further promote lung cancer cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Lin
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Linjun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jingli Zhong
- College of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yilv Lv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Bo Ye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Yunbo Qiao
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China.
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7
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Malnassy G, Ziolkowski L, Macleod KF, Oakes SA. The Integrated Stress Response in Pancreatic Development, Tissue Homeostasis, and Cancer. Gastroenterology 2024:S0016-5085(24)04931-X. [PMID: 38768690 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Present in all eukaryotic cells, the integrated stress response (ISR) is a highly coordinated signaling network that controls cellular behavior, metabolism, and survival in response to diverse stresses. The ISR is initiated when any 1 of 4 stress-sensing kinases (protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase [PERK], general control non-derepressible 2 [GCN2], double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase [PKR], heme-regulated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α kinase [HRI]) becomes activated to phosphorylate the protein translation initiation factor eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), shifting gene expression toward a comprehensive rewiring of cellular machinery to promote adaptation. Although the ISR has been shown to play an important role in the homeostasis of multiple tissues, evidence suggests that it is particularly crucial for the development and ongoing health of the pancreas. Among the most synthetically dynamic tissues in the body, the exocrine and endocrine pancreas relies heavily on the ISR to rapidly adjust cell function to meet the metabolic demands of the organism. The hardwiring of the ISR into normal pancreatic functions and adaptation to stress may explain why it is a commonly used pro-oncogenic and therapy-resistance mechanism in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Here, we review what is known about the key roles that the ISR plays in the development, homeostasis, and neoplasia of the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Malnassy
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Leah Ziolkowski
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinoi; Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kay F Macleod
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinoi; Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Scott A Oakes
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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8
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Wang W, Albadari N, Du Y, Fowler JF, Sang HT, Xian W, McKeon F, Li W, Zhou J, Zhang R. MDM2 Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy: The Past, Present, and Future. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:414-453. [PMID: 38697854 PMCID: PMC11068841 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.001026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery over 35 years ago, MDM2 has emerged as an attractive target for the development of cancer therapy. MDM2's activities extend from carcinogenesis to immunity to the response to various cancer therapies. Since the report of the first MDM2 inhibitor more than 30 years ago, various approaches to inhibit MDM2 have been attempted, with hundreds of small-molecule inhibitors evaluated in preclinical studies and numerous molecules tested in clinical trials. Although many MDM2 inhibitors and degraders have been evaluated in clinical trials, there is currently no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved MDM2 inhibitor on the market. Nevertheless, there are several current clinical trials of promising agents that may overcome the past failures, including agents granted FDA orphan drug or fast-track status. We herein summarize the research efforts to discover and develop MDM2 inhibitors, focusing on those that induce MDM2 degradation and exert anticancer activity, regardless of the p53 status of the cancer. We also describe how preclinical and clinical investigations have moved toward combining MDM2 inhibitors with other agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future directions to accelerate the clinical application of MDM2 inhibitors. In conclusion, targeting MDM2 remains a promising treatment approach, and targeting MDM2 for protein degradation represents a novel strategy to downregulate MDM2 without the side effects of the existing agents blocking p53-MDM2 binding. Additional preclinical and clinical investigations are needed to finally realize the full potential of MDM2 inhibition in treating cancer and other chronic diseases where MDM2 has been implicated. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Overexpression/amplification of the MDM2 oncogene has been detected in various human cancers and is associated with disease progression, treatment resistance, and poor patient outcomes. This article reviews the previous, current, and emerging MDM2-targeted therapies and summarizes the preclinical and clinical studies combining MDM2 inhibitors with chemotherapy and immunotherapy regimens. The findings of these contemporary studies may lead to safer and more effective treatments for patients with cancers overexpressing MDM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Najah Albadari
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Yi Du
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Josef F Fowler
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Hannah T Sang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Wa Xian
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Frank McKeon
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (W.W., Y.D., J.F.F., H.T.S., R.Z.), Drug Discovery Institute (W.W., R.Z.), Stem Cell Center, Department of Biology and Biochemistry (W.X., F.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Texas; College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (N.A., W.L.); and Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (J.Z.)
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9
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Lee Y, Vousden KH, Hennequart M. Cycling back to folate metabolism in cancer. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:701-715. [PMID: 38698089 PMCID: PMC7616045 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00739-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic changes contribute to cancer initiation and progression through effects on cancer cells, the tumor microenvironment and whole-body metabolism. Alterations in serine metabolism and the control of one-carbon cycles have emerged as critical for the development of many tumor types. In this Review, we focus on the mitochondrial folate cycle. We discuss recent evidence that, in addition to supporting nucleotide synthesis, mitochondrial folate metabolism also contributes to metastasis through support of antioxidant defense, mitochondrial protein synthesis and the overflow of excess formate. These observations offer potential therapeutic opportunities, including the modulation of formate metabolism through dietary interventions and the use of circulating folate cycle metabolites as biomarkers for cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Hennequart
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Molecular Physiology Unit (URPHYM), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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10
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Wu D, Zhang K, Khan FA, Pandupuspitasari NS, Guan K, Sun F, Huang C. A comprehensive review on signaling attributes of serine and serine metabolism in health and disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129607. [PMID: 38253153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Serine is a metabolite with ever-expanding metabolic and non-metabolic signaling attributes. By providing one‑carbon units for macromolecule biosynthesis and functional modifications, serine and serine metabolism largely impinge on cellular survival and function. Cancer cells frequently have a preference for serine metabolic reprogramming to create a conducive metabolic state for survival and aggressiveness, making intervention of cancer-associated rewiring of serine metabolism a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Beyond providing methyl donors for methylation in modulation of innate immunity, serine metabolism generates formyl donors for mitochondrial tRNA formylation which is required for mitochondrial function. Interestingly, fully developed neurons lack the machinery for serine biosynthesis and rely heavily on astrocytic l-serine for production of d-serine to shape synaptic plasticity. Here, we recapitulate recent discoveries that address the medical significance of serine and serine metabolism in malignancies, mitochondrial-associated disorders, and neurodegenerative pathologies. Metabolic control and epigenetic- and posttranslational regulation of serine metabolism are also discussed. Given the metabolic similarities between cancer cells, neurons and germ cells, we further propose the relevance of serine metabolism in testicular homeostasis. Our work provides valuable hints for future investigations that will lead to a deeper understanding of serine and serine metabolism in cellular physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Kejia Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Faheem Ahmed Khan
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia
| | | | - Kaifeng Guan
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Chunjie Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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11
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Yun HJ, Li M, Guo D, Jeon SM, Park SH, Lim JS, Lee SB, Liu R, Du L, Kim SH, Shin TH, Eyun SI, Park YY, Lu Z, Lee JH. AMPK-HIF-1α signaling enhances glucose-derived de novo serine biosynthesis to promote glioblastoma growth. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:340. [PMID: 38098117 PMCID: PMC10722853 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02927-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells undergo cellular adaptation through metabolic reprogramming to sustain survival and rapid growth under various stress conditions. However, how brain tumors modulate their metabolic flexibility in the naturally serine/glycine (S/G)-deficient brain microenvironment remain unknown. METHODS We used a range of primary/stem-like and established glioblastoma (GBM) cell models in vitro and in vivo. To identify the regulatory mechanisms of S/G deprivation-induced metabolic flexibility, we employed high-throughput RNA-sequencing, transcriptomic analysis, metabolic flux analysis, metabolites analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), luciferase reporter, nuclear fractionation, cycloheximide-chase, and glucose consumption. The clinical significances were analyzed in the genomic database (GSE4290) and in human GBM specimens. RESULTS The high-throughput RNA-sequencing and transcriptomic analysis demonstrate that the de novo serine synthesis pathway (SSP) and glycolysis are highly activated in GBM cells under S/G deprivation conditions. Mechanistically, S/G deprivation rapidly induces reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and AMPK-dependent hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α stabilization and transactivation. Activated HIF-1α in turn promotes the expression of SSP enzymes phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1), and phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH). In addition, the HIF-1α-induced expression of glycolytic genes (GLUT1, GLUT3, HK2, and PFKFB2) promotes glucose uptake, glycolysis, and glycolytic flux to fuel SSP, leading to elevated de novo serine and glycine biosynthesis, NADPH/NADP+ ratio, and the proliferation and survival of GBM cells. Analyses of human GBM specimens reveal that the levels of overexpressed PHGDH, PSAT1, and PSPH are positively correlated with levels of AMPK T172 phosphorylation and HIF-1α expression and the poor prognosis of GBM patients. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that metabolic stress-enhanced glucose-derived de novo serine biosynthesis is a critical metabolic feature of GBM cells, and highlight the potential to target SSP for treating human GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Yun
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - So Mi Jeon
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hwan Park
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Sun Lim
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bin Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyong Du
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory of Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Il Eyun
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Yong Park
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Bacher S, Schmitz ML. Understanding and Therapeutic Targeting of the p53 Network. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4461. [PMID: 37760430 PMCID: PMC10527094 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling networks function as highly intertwined regulatory hubs rather than linear cascades with a single endpoint [...].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
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13
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Verstraete P, De Keersmaecker K, Kampen KR. Drivers of de novo Serine/Glycine synthesis in acute leukemia. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2145-2146. [PMID: 37526379 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells hijack metabolic pathways in order to provide themselves with building blocks to support their proliferation and survival. Upregulation and addiction to de novo serine/glycine synthesis is an example of metabolic rewiring in cancer cells whereby serine and glycine are synthesised via a side branch of glycolysis. In this review, we focus on upregulation of endogenous serine/glycine production in acute leukemia, namely T-cell acute leukemia (T-ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Several genetic lesions directly driving the serine/glycine addiction in acute leukemia have been established. Additionally, indirect regulation of de novo serine/glycine synthesis is observed in acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulien Verstraete
- Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim De Keersmaecker
- Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim Rosalie Kampen
- Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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14
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Zafar A, Khan MJ, Naeem A. MDM2- an indispensable player in tumorigenesis. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6871-6883. [PMID: 37314603 PMCID: PMC10374471 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is a well-recognized molecule for its oncogenic potential. Since its identification, various cancer-promoting roles of MDM2 such as growth stimulation, sustained angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, apoptosis evasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression have been established. Alterations in the expression levels of MDM2 occur in multiple types of cancers resulting in uncontrolled proliferation. The cellular processes are modulated by MDM2 through transcription, post-translational modifications, protein degradation, binding to cofactors, and subcellular localization. In this review, we discuss the precise role of deregulated MDM2 levels in modulating cellular functions to promote cancer growth. Moreover, we also briefly discuss the role of MDM2 in inducing resistance against anti-cancerous therapies thus limiting the benefits of cancerous treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasma Zafar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, 45550 Pakistan
| | | | - Aisha Naeem
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 20057 Washington, DC U.S
- Qatar University Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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15
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Bevill SM, Casaní-Galdón S, El Farran CA, Cytrynbaum EG, Macias KA, Oldeman SE, Oliveira KJ, Moore MM, Hegazi E, Adriaens C, Najm FJ, Demetri GD, Cohen S, Mullen JT, Riggi N, Johnstone SE, Bernstein BE. Impact of supraphysiologic MDM2 expression on chromatin networks and therapeutic responses in sarcoma. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100321. [PMID: 37492096 PMCID: PMC10363746 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Amplification of MDM2 on supernumerary chromosomes is a common mechanism of P53 inactivation across tumors. Here, we investigated the impact of MDM2 overexpression on chromatin, gene expression, and cellular phenotypes in liposarcoma. Three independent regulatory circuits predominate in aggressive, dedifferentiated tumors. RUNX and AP-1 family transcription factors bind mesenchymal gene enhancers. P53 and MDM2 co-occupy enhancers and promoters associated with P53 signaling. When highly expressed, MDM2 also binds thousands of P53-independent growth and stress response genes, whose promoters engage in multi-way topological interactions. Overexpressed MDM2 concentrates within nuclear foci that co-localize with PML and YY1 and could also contribute to P53-independent phenotypes associated with supraphysiologic MDM2. Importantly, we observe striking cell-to-cell variability in MDM2 copy number and expression in tumors and models. Whereas liposarcoma cells are generally sensitive to MDM2 inhibitors and their combination with pro-apoptotic drugs, MDM2-high cells tolerate them and may underlie the poor clinical efficacy of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Bevill
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Salvador Casaní-Galdón
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chadi A. El Farran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eli G. Cytrynbaum
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kevin A. Macias
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sylvie E. Oldeman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kayla J. Oliveira
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Molly M. Moore
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Esmat Hegazi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Carmen Adriaens
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fadi J. Najm
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - George D. Demetri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sonia Cohen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - John T. Mullen
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nicolò Riggi
- Department of Cell and Tissue Genomics (CTG), Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sarah E. Johnstone
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bradley E. Bernstein
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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16
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Sanati M, Afshari AR, Ahmadi SS, Moallem SA, Sahebkar A. Modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by phytochemicals: Therapeutic implications in malignancies with an emphasis on brain tumors. Biofactors 2023; 49:782-819. [PMID: 37162294 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Regarding the multimechanistic nature of cancers, current chemo- or radiotherapies often fail to eradicate disease pathology, and frequent relapses or resistance to therapies occur. Brain malignancies, particularly glioblastomas, are difficult-to-treat cancers due to their highly malignant and multidimensional biology. Unfortunately, patients suffering from malignant tumors often experience poor prognoses and short survival periods. Thus far, significant efforts have been conducted to discover novel and more effective modalities. To that end, modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has attracted tremendous interest since it affects the homeostasis of proteins critically engaged in various cell functions, for example, cell metabolism, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. With their safe and multimodal actions, phytochemicals are among the promising therapeutic tools capable of turning the operation of various UPS elements. The present review, along with an updated outline of the role of UPS dysregulation in multiple cancers, provided a detailed discussion on the impact of phytochemicals on the UPS function in malignancies, especially brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Experimental and Animal Study Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Khatam-Ol-Anbia Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Adel Moallem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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17
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Murali R, Balasubramaniam V, Srinivas S, Sundaram S, Venkatraman G, Warrier S, Dharmarajan A, Gandhirajan RK. Deregulated Metabolic Pathways in Ovarian Cancer: Cause and Consequence. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040560. [PMID: 37110218 PMCID: PMC10141515 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers are tumors that originate from the different cells of the ovary and account for almost 4% of all the cancers in women globally. More than 30 types of tumors have been identified based on the cellular origins. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most common and lethal type of ovarian cancer which can be further divided into high-grade serous, low-grade serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous carcinoma. Ovarian carcinogenesis has been long attributed to endometriosis which is a chronic inflammation of the reproductive tract leading to progressive accumulation of mutations. Due to the advent of multi-omics datasets, the consequences of somatic mutations and their role in altered tumor metabolism has been well elucidated. Several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been implicated in the progression of ovarian cancer. In this review, we highlight the genetic alterations undergone by the key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes responsible for the development of ovarian cancer. We also summarize the role of these oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and their association with a deregulated network of fatty acid, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid and amino acid metabolism in ovarian cancers. Identification of genomic and metabolic circuits will be useful in clinical stratification of patients with complex etiologies and in identifying drug targets for personalized therapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopak Murali
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Vaishnavi Balasubramaniam
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Satish Srinivas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Sandhya Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560065, India
- Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd., Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Rajesh Kumar Gandhirajan
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
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Zhang W, Quan Y, Ma X, Zeng L, Li J, Chen S, Su M, Hong L, Li P, Wang H, Xu Q, Zhao C, Zhu X, Geng Y, Yan X, Fang Z, Chen M, Tian D, Su M, Chen X, Gu J. Synergistic effect of glutathione and IgG4 in immune evasion and the implication for cancer immunotherapy. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102608. [PMID: 36681047 PMCID: PMC9868885 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported a novel IgG4-centered immune evasion mechanism in cancer, and this was achieved mostly through the Fc-Fc reaction of increased IgG4 to cancer-bound IgG in cancer microenvironment. The mechanism was suggested to be related to cancer hyperprogressive disease (HPD) which is a side-effect often associated to IgG4 subtype PD-1 antibody immunotherapy. HPD was reported to occur in cancers with certain mutated genes including KRAS and such mutations are often associated to glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Therefore, we hypothesize that IgG4 and GSH may play a synergistic role in local immunosuppression of cancer. METHODS Quantitatively analyzed the distribution and abundance of GSH and IgG4 in human cancer samples with ELISA and immunohistochemistry. The interactions between GSH and IgG4 were examined with Electrophoresis and Western Blot. The synergistic effects of the two on classic immune responses were investigated in vitro. The combined effects were also tested in a lung cancer model and a skin graft model in mice. RESULTS We detected significant increases of both GSH and IgG4 in the microenvironment of lung cancer, esophageal cancer, and colon cancer tissues. GSH disrupted the disulfide bond of IgG4 heavy chain and enhanced IgG4's ability of Fc-Fc reaction to immobilized IgG subtypes. Combined administration of IgG4 and GSH augmented the inhibitory effect of IgG4 on the classic ADCC, ADCP, and CDC reactions. Local administration of IgG4/GSH achieved the most obvious effect of accelerating cancer growth in the mouse lung cancer model. The same combination prolonged the survival of skin grafts between two different strains of mouse. In both models, immune cells and several cytokines were found to shift to the state of immune tolerance. CONCLUSION Combined application of GSH and IgG4 can promote tumor growth and protect skin graft. The mechanism may be achieved through the effect of the Fc-Fc reaction between IgG4 and other tissue-bound IgG subtypes resulting in local immunosuppression. This reaction was facilitated by increased GSH to dissociate the two heavy chains of IgG4 Fc fragment at its disulfide bonds. Our findings unveiled the interaction between the redox system and the immune systems in cancer microenvironment. It offers a sensible explanation for HPD and provides new possibilities for manipulating this mechanism for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Quan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liting Zeng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jirui Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuqi Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Su
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangli Hong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Penghao Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, 66 Jingxiu Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chanyuan Zhao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiqun Geng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomiao Yan
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, 66 Jingxiu Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- Motic China Group Co, Ltd, Xiamen, China
| | | | - Dongping Tian
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Su
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueling Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, 66 Jingxiu Road, Chengdu, China.
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19
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Cuciniello R, Di Meo F, Sulli M, Demurtas OC, Tanori M, Mancuso M, Villano C, Aversano R, Carputo D, Baldi A, Diretto G, Filosa S, Crispi S. Aglianico Grape Seed Semi-Polar Extract Exerts Anticancer Effects by Modulating MDM2 Expression and Metabolic Pathways. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020210. [PMID: 36672146 PMCID: PMC9856309 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) seeds are rich in polyphenols including proanthocyanidins, molecules with a variety of biological effects including anticancer action. We have previously reported that the grape seed semi-polar extract of Aglianico cultivar (AGS) was able to induce apoptosis and decrease cancer properties in different mesothelioma cell lines. Concomitantly, this extract resulted in enriched oligomeric proanthocyanidins which might be involved in determining the anticancer activity. Through transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, we investigated in detail the anticancer pathway induced by AGS. Transcriptomics analysis and functional annotation allowed the identification of the relevant causative genes involved in the apoptotic induction following AGS treatment. Subsequent biological validation strengthened the hypothesis that MDM2 could be the molecular target of AGS and that it could act in both a p53-dependent and independent manner. Finally, AGS significantly inhibited tumor progression in a xenograft mouse model of mesothelioma, confirming also in vivo that MDM2 could act as molecular player responsible for the AGS antitumor effect. Our findings indicated that AGS, exerting a pro-apoptotic effect by hindering MDM2 pathway, could represent a novel source of anticancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Cuciniello
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources-UOS Naples CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Meo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources-UOS Naples CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 W Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Maria Sulli
- Division of Biotechnology and Agroindustry, Biotechnology Laboratory, ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Olivia Costantina Demurtas
- Division of Biotechnology and Agroindustry, Biotechnology Laboratory, ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Mirella Tanori
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Clizia Villano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Riccardo Aversano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Domenico Carputo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Alfonso Baldi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources-UOS Naples CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 81055 Caserta, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Division of Biotechnology and Agroindustry, Biotechnology Laboratory, ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefania Filosa
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources-UOS Naples CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Stefania Crispi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources-UOS Naples CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (S.C.)
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20
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Zhou N, Shen B, Bai C, Ma L, Wang S, Wu D. Nutritional deficiency induces nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis via the ATF4-PKM2-AKT signal axis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:946. [PMID: 36324122 PMCID: PMC9628105 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The intervertebral disc is the largest avascular tissue in the human body. The nucleus pulposus (NP) consumes glucose and oxygen to generate energy to maintain cellular metabolism via nutrients that diffuse from the cartilage endplate. The microenvironment in the intervertebral disc becomes nutritionally deficient during degeneration, and nutritional deficiency has been shown to inhibit the viability and proliferation of NP cells. Methods To investigate the molecular mechanism by which nutritional deficiency reduces viability and decreases proliferation, we created an in vitro model by using decreasing serum concentration percentages. Results In this study, we found that nutritional deficiency reduced NP cell viability and increased cell apoptosis and that the upregulation of ATF4 expression and the downregulation of PKM2 expression were involved in this process. Moreover, we found that PKM2 inhibition can reduce the cell apoptosis induced by ATF4 silence under nutritional deficiency. Conclusion Our findings revealed that PKM2 inhibition reduces the cell apoptosis induced by ATF4 silence under nutritional deficiency by inhibiting AKT phosphate. Revealing the function and mechanism of NP cell development under nutritional deficiency will provide new insights into the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of intervertebral disc and related diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-022-05853-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningfeng Zhou
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Shen
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Bai
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Ma
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanjin Wang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Desheng Wu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Falcone M, Uribe AH, Papalazarou V, Newman AC, Athineos D, Stevenson K, Sauvé CEG, Gao Y, Kim JK, Del Latto M, Kierstead M, Wu C, Smith JJ, Romesser PB, Chalmers AJ, Blyth K, Maddocks ODK. Sensitisation of cancer cells to radiotherapy by serine and glycine starvation. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1773-1786. [PMID: 36115879 PMCID: PMC9643498 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular metabolism is an integral component of cellular adaptation to stress, playing a pivotal role in the resistance of cancer cells to various treatment modalities, including radiotherapy. In response to radiotherapy, cancer cells engage antioxidant and DNA repair mechanisms which mitigate and remove DNA damage, facilitating cancer cell survival. Given the reliance of these resistance mechanisms on amino acid metabolism, we hypothesised that controlling the exogenous availability of the non-essential amino acids serine and glycine would radiosensitise cancer cells. METHODS We exposed colorectal, breast and pancreatic cancer cell lines/organoids to radiation in vitro and in vivo in the presence and absence of exogenous serine and glycine. We performed phenotypic assays for DNA damage, cell cycle, ROS levels and cell death, combined with a high-resolution untargeted LCMS metabolomics and RNA-Seq. RESULTS Serine and glycine restriction sensitised a range of cancer cell lines, patient-derived organoids and syngeneic mouse tumour models to radiotherapy. Comprehensive metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of central carbon metabolism revealed that amino acid restriction impacted not only antioxidant response and nucleotide synthesis but had a marked inhibitory effect on the TCA cycle. CONCLUSION Dietary restriction of serine and glycine is a viable radio-sensitisation strategy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Falcone
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Huerta Uribe
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Vasileios Papalazarou
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alice C Newman
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Katrina Stevenson
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Yajing Gao
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jin K Kim
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Del Latto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Maria Kierstead
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Chao Wu
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - J Joshua Smith
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Paul B Romesser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Early Drug Development Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Oliver D K Maddocks
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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22
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Liu Y, Gu W. The complexity of p53-mediated metabolic regulation in tumor suppression. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 85:4-32. [PMID: 33785447 PMCID: PMC8473587 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the classic activities of p53 including induction of cell-cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis are well accepted as critical barriers to cancer development, accumulating evidence suggests that loss of these classic activities is not sufficient to abrogate the tumor suppression activity of p53. Numerous studies suggest that metabolic regulation contributes to tumor suppression, but the mechanisms by which it does so are not completely understood. Cancer cells rewire cellular metabolism to meet the energetic and substrate demands of tumor development. It is well established that p53 suppresses glycolysis and promotes mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation through a number of downstream targets against the Warburg effect. The role of p53-mediated metabolic regulation in tumor suppression is complexed by its function to promote both cell survival and cell death under different physiological settings. Indeed, p53 can regulate both pro-oxidant and antioxidant target genes for complete opposite effects. In this review, we will summarize the roles of p53 in the regulation of glucose, lipid, amino acid, nucleotide, iron metabolism, and ROS production. We will highlight the mechanisms underlying p53-mediated ferroptosis, AKT/mTOR signaling as well as autophagy and discuss the complexity of p53-metabolic regulation in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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23
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Bharti SK, Shannon BA, Sharma RK, Levin AS, Morris CD, Bhujwalla ZM, Fayad LM. Characterization of lipomatous tumors with high-resolution 1H MRS at 17.6T: Do benign lipomas, atypical lipomatous tumors and liposarcomas have a distinct metabolic signature? Front Oncol 2022; 12:920560. [PMID: 36158671 PMCID: PMC9500232 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.920560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Distinguishing between some benign lipomas (BLs), atypical lipomatous tumors (ALTs), and dedifferentiated liposarcomas (DDLs) can be challenging due to overlapping magnetic resonance imaging characteristics, and poorly understood molecular mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation of liposarcomas. Purpose To identify metabolic biomarkers of the lipomatous tumor spectrum by examining human tissue specimens using high-resolution 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Materials and methods In this prospective study, human tissue specimens were obtained from participants who underwent surgical resection for radiologically-indeterminate lipomatous tumors between November 2016 and May 2019. Tissue specimens were obtained from normal subcutaneous fat (n=9), BLs (n=10), ALTs (n=7) and DDLs (n=8). Extracts from specimens were examined with high-resolution MRS at 17.6T. Computational modeling of pattern recognition-based cluster analysis was utilized to identify significant differences in metabolic signatures between the lipomatous tumor types. Results Significant differences between BLs and ALTs were observed for multiple metabolites, including leucine, valine, branched chain amino acids, alanine, acetate, glutamine, and formate. DDLs were distinguished from ALTs by increased glucose and lactate, and increased phosphatidylcholine. Multivariate principal component analysis showed clear clustering identifying distinct metabolic signatures of the tissue types. Conclusion Metabolic signatures identified in 1H MR spectra of lipomatous tumors provide new insights into malignant progression and metabolic targeting. The metabolic patterns identified provide the foundation of developing noninvasive MRS or PET imaging biomarkers to distinguish between BLs, ALTs, and DDLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Bharti
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brett A. Shannon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Raj Kumar Sharma
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adam S. Levin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Carol D. Morris
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zaver M. Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Laura M. Fayad, ; Zaver M. Bhujwalla,
| | - Laura M. Fayad
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Musculoskeletal Radiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Laura M. Fayad, ; Zaver M. Bhujwalla,
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24
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Ingelshed K, Spiegelberg D, Kannan P, Påvénius L, Hacheney J, Jiang L, Eisinger S, Lianoudaki D, Lama D, Castillo F, Bosdotter C, Kretzschmar WW, Al-Radi O, Fritz N, Villablanca EJ, Karlsson MCI, Wermeling F, Nestor M, Lane DP, Sedimbi SK. The MDM2 Inhibitor Navtemadlin Arrests Mouse Melanoma Growth In Vivo and Potentiates Radiotherapy. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1075-1088. [PMID: 36922937 PMCID: PMC10010373 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is mutated in close to 50% of human tumors and is dysregulated in many others, for instance by silencing or loss of p14ARF. Under steady-state conditions, the two E3 ligases MDM2/MDM4 interact with and inhibit the transcriptional activity of p53. Inhibition of p53-MDM2/4 interaction to reactivate p53 in tumors with wild-type (WT) p53 has therefore been considered a therapeutic strategy. Moreover, studies indicate that p53 reactivation may synergize with radiation and increase tumor immunogenicity. In vivo studies of most MDM2 inhibitors have utilized immunodeficient xenograft mouse models, preventing detailed studies of action of these molecules on the immune response. The mouse melanoma cell line B16-F10 carries functional, WT p53 but does not express the MDM2 regulator p19ARF. In this study, we tested a p53-MDM2 protein-protein interaction inhibitor, the small molecule Navtemadlin, which is currently being tested in phase II clinical trials. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics and imaging flow cytometry, we identified specific protein expression patterns following Navtemadlin treatment of B16-F10 melanoma cells compared with their p53 CRISPR-inactivated control cells. In vitro, Navtemadlin induced a significant, p53-dependent, growth arrest but little apoptosis in B16-F10 cells. When combined with radiotherapy, Navtemadlin showed synergistic effects and increased apoptosis. In vivo, Navtemadlin treatment significantly reduced the growth of B16-F10 melanoma cells implanted in C57Bl/6 mice. Our data highlight the utility of a syngeneic B16-F10 p53+/+ mouse melanoma model for assessing existing and novel p53-MDM2/MDM4 inhibitors and in identifying new combination therapies that can efficiently eliminate tumors in vivo. Significance The MDM2 inhibitor Navtemadlin arrests mouse tumor growth and potentiates radiotherapy. Our results support a threshold model for apoptosis induction that requires a high, prolonged p53 signaling for cancer cells to become apoptotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Ingelshed
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana Spiegelberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pavitra Kannan
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linnéa Påvénius
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Hacheney
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Long Jiang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silke Eisinger
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Danai Lianoudaki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dilraj Lama
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisca Castillo
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Bosdotter
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Omayma Al-Radi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Fritz
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduardo J. Villablanca
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael C. I. Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marika Nestor
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David P. Lane
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding Authors: Saikiran K. Sedimbi and David P. Lane, Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Nobels Väg 16, Stockholm, SE-17177, Sweden. Phone: +46 852 448 6452; E-mail: ; Phone: +46 852 448 6452; E-mail:
| | - Saikiran K. Sedimbi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding Authors: Saikiran K. Sedimbi and David P. Lane, Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Nobels Väg 16, Stockholm, SE-17177, Sweden. Phone: +46 852 448 6452; E-mail: ; Phone: +46 852 448 6452; E-mail:
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25
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Pranzini E, Pardella E, Muccillo L, Leo A, Nesi I, Santi A, Parri M, Zhang T, Uribe AH, Lottini T, Sabatino L, Caselli A, Arcangeli A, Raugei G, Colantuoni V, Cirri P, Chiarugi P, Maddocks ODK, Paoli P, Taddei ML. SHMT2-mediated mitochondrial serine metabolism drives 5-FU resistance by fueling nucleotide biosynthesis. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111233. [PMID: 35977477 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a key component of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC). 5-FU efficacy is established by intracellular levels of folate cofactors and DNA damage repair strategies. However, drug resistance still represents a major challenge. Here, we report that alterations in serine metabolism affect 5-FU sensitivity in in vitro and in vivo CRC models. In particular, 5-FU-resistant CRC cells display a strong serine dependency achieved either by upregulating endogenous serine synthesis or increasing exogenous serine uptake. Importantly, regardless of the serine feeder strategy, serine hydroxymethyltransferase-2 (SHMT2)-driven compartmentalization of one-carbon metabolism inside the mitochondria represents a specific adaptation of resistant cells to support purine biosynthesis and potentiate DNA damage response. Interfering with serine availability or affecting its mitochondrial metabolism revert 5-FU resistance. These data disclose a relevant mechanism of mitochondrial serine use supporting 5-FU resistance in CRC and provide perspectives for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Pranzini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Elisa Pardella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Livio Muccillo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Via Francesco de Sanctis, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Angela Leo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Nesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alice Santi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Parri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Tong Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Alejandro Huerta Uribe
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Tiziano Lottini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Lina Sabatino
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Via Francesco de Sanctis, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Anna Caselli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Annarosa Arcangeli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Raugei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Vittorio Colantuoni
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Via Francesco de Sanctis, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Paolo Cirri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Oliver D K Maddocks
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Maria Letizia Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
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26
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D’Avola A, Legrave N, Tajan M, Chakravarty P, Shearer RL, King HW, Kluckova K, Cheung EC, Clear AJ, Gunawan AS, Zhang L, James LK, MacRae JI, Gribben JG, Calado DP, Vousden KH, Riches JC. PHGDH is required for germinal center formation and is a therapeutic target in MYC-driven lymphoma. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e153436. [PMID: 35316216 PMCID: PMC9057607 DOI: 10.1172/jci153436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of serine from glucose is a key metabolic pathway supporting cellular proliferation in healthy and malignant cells. Despite this, the role that this aspect of metabolism plays in germinal center biology and pathology is not known. Here, we performed a comprehensive characterization of the role of the serine synthesis pathway in germinal center B cells and lymphomas derived from these cells. We demonstrate that upregulation of a functional serine synthesis pathway is a metabolic hallmark of B cell activation and the germinal center reaction. Inhibition of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), the first and rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway, led to defective germinal formation and impaired high-affinity antibody production. In addition, overexpression of enzymes involved in serine synthesis was a characteristic of germinal center B cell-derived lymphomas, with high levels of expression being predictive of reduced overall survival in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Inhibition of PHGDH induced apoptosis in lymphoma cells, reducing disease progression. These findings establish PHGDH as a critical player in humoral immunity and a clinically relevant target in lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mylène Tajan
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Hamish W. King
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Louisa K. James
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James I. MacRae
- Metabolomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - John C. Riches
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, and
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27
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Zheng H, Fu J, Chen Z, Yang G, Yuan G. Dlx3 Ubiquitination by Nuclear Mdm2 Is Essential for Dentinogenesis in Mice. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1064-1074. [PMID: 35220830 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221077202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentin is a major mineralized component of teeth. Odontoblasts are responsible for synthesis and secretion of dentin matrix. Previously, it has been demonstrated in a cell culture system that the E3 ubiquitin ligase, murine double minute 2 (Mdm2), promotes odontoblast-like differentiation of mouse dental papilla cells (mDPCs) by ubiquitinating p53 and the odontoblast-specific substrate Dlx3. However, whether Mdm2 plays an essential role in vivo in odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the in vivo functions of Mdm2 using Dmp1-Cre;Mdm2 flox/flox mice combined with multiple histological and molecular biological methods. The results showed that Mdm2 deletion in the odontoblast layer led to defects in odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. Unexpectedly, specific inhibition of the Mdm2-p53 axis in wild-type mice by injection of a small-molecule inhibitor Nutlin-3a indicated that the role of Mdm2 in dentinogenesis was p53 independent, which was inconsistent with the previous in vitro study. In situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) showed that Mdm2 interacted with and ubiquitinated Dlx3 in the odontoblast nucleus of mouse molars. Dlx3 promoted the translocation of Mdm2 to the nucleus, and in turn, the nuclear Mdm2 mediated ubiquitination of Dlx3 and promoted the odontoblast-like differentiation of mDPCs. Dlx3 interacted with Mdm2 through its C-terminal domain. Deletion of the C-terminal domain of Dlx3 reversed the enhanced odontoblast-like differentiation and the activation of Dspp promoter mediated by overexpression of wild-type or nuclear Mdm2. Our findings suggest that nuclear Mdm2 mediates ubiquitination of the transcription factor Dlx3, which is essential for Dlx3 transcriptional activity on Dspp as well as subsequent odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - J. Fu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Z. Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - G. Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - G. Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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28
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Alderweireldt E, Grootaert C, De Wever O, Van Camp J. A two-front nutritional environment fuels colorectal cancer: perspectives for dietary intervention. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:105-119. [PMID: 34887164 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops and progresses in a nutritional environment comprising a continuously changing luminal cocktail of external dietary and microbial factors on the apical side, and a dynamic host-related pool of systemic factors on the serosal side. In this review, we highlight how this two-front environment influences the bioenergetic status of colonocytes throughout CRC development from (cancer) stem cells to cancer cells in nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor conditions, and eventually to metastatic cells, which, upon entry to the circulation and during metastatic seeding, are forced to metabolically adapt. Furthermore, given the influence of diet on the two-front nutritional environment, we discuss dietary strategies that target the specific metabolic preferences of these cells, with a possible impact on colon cancer cell bioenergetics and CRC outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien Alderweireldt
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - John Van Camp
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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29
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Kung CP, Weber JD. It’s Getting Complicated—A Fresh Look at p53-MDM2-ARF Triangle in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:818744. [PMID: 35155432 PMCID: PMC8833255 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.818744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumorigenic mechanisms mediated by the tumor suppressor p53, upon oncogenic stresses, are our bodies’ greatest weapons to battle against cancer onset and development. Consequently, factors that possess significant p53-regulating activities have been subjects of serious interest from the cancer research community. Among them, MDM2 and ARF are considered the most influential p53 regulators due to their abilities to inhibit and activate p53 functions, respectively. MDM2 inhibits p53 by promoting ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of p53, while ARF activates p53 by physically interacting with MDM2 to block its access to p53. This conventional understanding of p53-MDM2-ARF functional triangle have guided the direction of p53 research, as well as the development of p53-based therapeutic strategies for the last 30 years. Our increasing knowledge of this triangle during this time, especially through identification of p53-independent functions of MDM2 and ARF, have uncovered many under-appreciated molecular mechanisms connecting these three proteins. Through recognizing both antagonizing and synergizing relationships among them, our consideration for harnessing these relationships to develop effective cancer therapies needs an update accordingly. In this review, we will re-visit the conventional wisdom regarding p53-MDM2-ARF tumor-regulating mechanisms, highlight impactful studies contributing to the modern look of their relationships, and summarize ongoing efforts to target this pathway for effective cancer treatments. A refreshed appreciation of p53-MDM2-ARF network can bring innovative approaches to develop new generations of genetically-informed and clinically-effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Pei Kung
- ICCE Institute, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Che-Pei Kung, ; Jason D. Weber,
| | - Jason D. Weber
- ICCE Institute, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Che-Pei Kung, ; Jason D. Weber,
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30
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Itoyama R, Yasuda-Yoshihara N, Kitamura F, Yasuda T, Bu L, Yonemura A, Uchihara T, Arima K, Hu X, Jun Z, Okamoto Y, Akiyama T, Yamashita K, Nakao Y, Yusa T, Kitano Y, Higashi T, Miyata T, Imai K, Hayashi H, Yamashita YI, Mikawa T, Kondoh H, Baba H, Ishimoto T. Metabolic shift to serine biosynthesis through 3-PG accumulation and PHGDH induction promotes tumor growth in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 523:29-42. [PMID: 34508795 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells craftily adapt their energy metabolism to their microenvironment. Nutrient deprivation due to hypovascularity and fibrosis is a major characteristic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); thus, PDAC cells must produce energy intrinsically. However, the enhancement of energy production via activating Kras mutations is insufficient to explain the metabolic rewiring of PDAC cells. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the metabolic shift in PDAC cells under serine starvation. Amino acid analysis revealed that the concentrations of all essential amino acids and most nonessential amino acids were decreased in the blood of PDAC patients. In addition, the plasma serine concentration was significantly higher in PDAC patients with PHGDH-high tumors than in those with PHGDH-low tumors. Although the growth and tumorigenesis of PK-59 cells with PHGDH promoter hypermethylation were significantly decreased by serine starvation, these activities were maintained in PDAC cell lines with PHGDH promoter hypomethylation by serine biosynthesis through PHGDH induction. In fact, DNA methylation analysis by pyrosequencing revealed that the methylation status of the PHGDH promoter was inversely correlated with the PHGDH expression level in human PDAC tissues. In addition to PHGDH induction by serine starvation, PDAC cells showed enhanced serine biosynthesis under serine starvation through 3-PG accumulation via PGAM1 knockdown, resulting in enhanced PDAC cell growth and tumor growth. However, PHGDH knockdown efficiently suppressed PDAC cell growth and tumor growth under serine starvation. These findings provide evidence that targeting the serine biosynthesis pathway by inhibiting PHGDH is a potent therapeutic approach to eliminate PDAC cells in nutrient-deprived microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Itoyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Noriko Yasuda-Yoshihara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Fumimasa Kitamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tadahito Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Luke Bu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Atsuko Yonemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Uchihara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kota Arima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Xichen Hu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Zhang Jun
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuya Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takahiko Akiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakao
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yusa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Higashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Miyata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsunori Imai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takumi Mikawa
- Geriatric Unit, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kondoh
- Geriatric Unit, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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31
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Li X, Gracilla D, Cai L, Zhang M, Yu X, Chen X, Zhang J, Long X, Ding HF, Yan C. ATF3 promotes the serine synthesis pathway and tumor growth under dietary serine restriction. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109706. [PMID: 34551291 PMCID: PMC8491098 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine synthesis pathway (SSP) involving metabolic enzymes phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1), and phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH) drives intracellular serine biosynthesis and is indispensable for cancer cells to grow in serine-limiting environments. However, how SSP is regulated is not well understood. Here, we report that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is crucial for transcriptional activation of SSP upon serine deprivation. ATF3 is rapidly induced by serine deprivation via a mechanism dependent on ATF4, which in turn binds to ATF4 and increases the stability of this master regulator of SSP. ATF3 also binds to the enhancers/promoters of PHGDH, PSAT1, and PSPH and recruits p300 to promote expression of these SSP genes. As a result, loss of ATF3 expression impairs serine biosynthesis and the growth of cancer cells in the serine-deprived medium or in mice fed with a serine/glycine-free diet. Interestingly, ATF3 expression positively correlates with PHGDH expression in a subset of TCGA cancer samples. Activation of the serine synthesis pathway is important for cancer cell growth, but how this pathway is regulated is not well understood. Li et al. report that ATF3 is an important regulator of this pathway and can promote serine biosynthesis and tumor growth under serine-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyao Li
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Daniel Gracilla
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lun Cai
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaochun Long
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Han-Fei Ding
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Chunhong Yan
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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32
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Shim D, Duan L, Maki CG. P53-regulated autophagy and its impact on drug resistance and cell fate. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:85-95. [PMID: 34532654 PMCID: PMC8443158 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Wild-type p53 is a stress-responsive transcription factor and a potent tumor suppressor. P53 inhibits the growth of incipient cancer cells by blocking their proliferation or inducing their death through apoptosis. Autophagy is a self-eating process that plays a key role in response to stress. During autophagy, organelles and other intracellular components are degraded in autophagolysosomes and the autophagic breakdown products are recycled into metabolic and energy producing pathways needed for survival. P53 can promote or inhibit autophagy depending on its subcellular localization, mutation status, and the level of stress. Blocking autophagy has been reported in several studies to increase p53-mediated apoptosis, revealing that autophagy can influence cell-fate in response to activated p53 and is a potential target to increase p53-dependent tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeun Shim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lei Duan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Carl G Maki
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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33
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Fujihara KM, Corrales Benitez M, Cabalag CS, Zhang BZ, Ko HS, Liu DS, Simpson KJ, Haupt Y, Lipton L, Haupt S, Phillips WA, Clemons NJ. SLC7A11 Is a Superior Determinant of APR-246 (Eprenetapopt) Response than TP53 Mutation Status. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1858-1867. [PMID: 34315763 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
APR-246 (eprenetapopt) is in clinical development with a focus on hematologic malignancies and is promoted as a mutant-p53 reactivation therapy. Currently, the detection of at least one TP53 mutation is an inclusion criterion for patient selection into most APR-246 clinical trials. Preliminary results from our phase Ib/II clinical trial investigating APR-246 combined with doublet chemotherapy [cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)] in metastatic esophageal cancer, together with previous preclinical studies, indicate that TP53 mutation status alone may not be a sufficient biomarker for APR-246 response. This study aims to identify a robust biomarker for response to APR-246. Correlation analysis of the PRIMA-1 activity (lead compound to APR-246) with mutational status, gene expression, protein expression, and metabolite abundance across over 700 cancer cell lines (CCL) was performed. Functional validation and a boutique siRNA screen of over 850 redox-related genes were also conducted. TP53 mutation status was not consistently predictive of response to APR-246. The expression of SLC7A11, the cystine/glutamate transporter, was identified as a superior determinant of response to APR-246. Genetic regulators of SLC7A11, including ATF4, MDM2, wild-type p53, and c-Myc, were confirmed to also regulate cancer-cell sensitivity to APR-246. In conclusion, SLC7A11 expression is a broadly applicable determinant of sensitivity to APR-246 across cancer and should be utilized as the key predictive biomarker to stratify patients for future clinical investigation of APR-246.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji M Fujihara
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Carlos S Cabalag
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bonnie Z Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hyun S Ko
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David S Liu
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,HPB Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaylene J Simpson
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lara Lipton
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wayne A Phillips
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Surgery at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Clemons
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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34
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Weinhouse C. The roles of inducible chromatin and transcriptional memory in cellular defense system responses to redox-active pollutants. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 170:85-108. [PMID: 33789123 PMCID: PMC8382302 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
People are exposed to wide range of redox-active environmental pollutants. Air pollution, heavy metals, pesticides, and endocrine disrupting chemicals can disrupt cellular redox status. Redox-active pollutants in our environment all trigger their own sets of specific cellular responses, but they also activate a common set of general stress responses that buffer the cell against homeostatic insults. These cellular defense system (CDS) pathways include the heat shock response, the oxidative stress response, the hypoxia response, the unfolded protein response, the DNA damage response, and the general stress response mediated by the stress-activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Over the past two decades, the field of environmental epigenetics has investigated epigenetic responses to environmental pollutants, including redox-active pollutants. Studies of these responses highlight the role of chromatin modifications in controlling the transcriptional response to pollutants and the role of transcriptional memory, often referred to as "epigenetic reprogramming", in predisposing previously exposed individuals to more potent transcriptional responses on secondary challenge. My central thesis in this review is that high dose or chronic exposure to redox-active pollutants leads to transcriptional memories at CDS target genes that influence the cell's ability to mount protective responses. To support this thesis, I will: (1) summarize the known chromatin features required for inducible gene activation; (2) review the known forms of transcriptional memory; (3) discuss the roles of inducible chromatin and transcriptional memory in CDS responses that are activated by redox-active environmental pollutants; and (4) propose a conceptual framework for CDS pathway responsiveness as a readout of total cellular exposure to redox-active pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Weinhouse
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97214, USA.
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35
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Cissé MY, Pyrdziak S, Firmin N, Gayte L, Heuillet M, Bellvert F, Fuentes M, Delpech H, Riscal R, Arena G, Chibon F, Le Gellec S, Maran-Gonzalez A, Chateau MC, Theillet C, Carrere S, Portais JC, Le Cam L, Linares LK. Targeting MDM2-dependent serine metabolism as a therapeutic strategy for liposarcoma. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/547/eaay2163. [PMID: 32522803 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas (LPSs) are characterized by a systematic amplification of the MDM2 oncogene, which encodes a key negative regulator of the p53 pathway. The molecular mechanisms underlying MDM2 overexpression while sparing wild-type p53 in LPS remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the p53-independent metabolic functions of chromatin-bound MDM2 are exacerbated in LPS and mediate an addiction to serine metabolism that sustains nucleotide synthesis and tumor growth. Treatment of LPS cells with Nutlin-3A, a pharmacological inhibitor of the MDM2-p53 interaction, stabilized p53 but unexpectedly enhanced MDM2-mediated control of serine metabolism by increasing its recruitment to chromatin, likely explaining the poor clinical efficacy of this class of MDM2 inhibitors. In contrast, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of chromatin-bound MDM2 by SP141, a distinct MDM2 inhibitor triggering its degradation, or interfering with de novo serine synthesis, impaired LPS growth both in vitro and in clinically relevant patient-derived xenograft models. Our data indicate that targeting MDM2 functions in serine metabolism represents a potential therapeutic strategy for LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madi Y Cissé
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Samuel Pyrdziak
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Nelly Firmin
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France.,Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Laurie Gayte
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Maud Heuillet
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse F-31400, France.,MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Floriant Bellvert
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse F-31400, France.,MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Maryse Fuentes
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Hélène Delpech
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Romain Riscal
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Frédéric Chibon
- INSERM UMR 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse-III, Toulouse F-31100, France
| | - Sophie Le Gellec
- INSERM UMR 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse-III, Toulouse F-31100, France.,Department of Pathology, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse F-31100, France
| | | | | | - Charles Theillet
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Sébastien Carrere
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France.,Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Jean-Charles Portais
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse F-31400, France.,MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse F-31077, France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse F-31062, France
| | - Laurent Le Cam
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France. .,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Laetitia K Linares
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France. .,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France
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36
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ATF3 coordinates serine and nucleotide metabolism to drive cell cycle progression in acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2752-2764.e6. [PMID: 34081901 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a common feature of many human cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the upstream regulators that promote AML metabolic reprogramming and the benefits conferred to leukemia cells by these metabolic changes remain largely unknown. We report that the transcription factor ATF3 coordinates serine and nucleotide metabolism to maintain cell cycling, survival, and the differentiation blockade in AML. Analysis of mouse and human AML models demonstrate that ATF3 directly activates the transcription of genes encoding key enzymatic regulators of serine synthesis, one-carbon metabolism, and de novo purine and pyrimidine synthesis. Total steady-state polar metabolite and heavy isotope tracing analyses show that ATF3 inhibition reduces de novo serine synthesis, impedes the incorporation of serine-derived carbons into newly synthesized purines, and disrupts pyrimidine metabolism. Importantly, exogenous nucleotide supplementation mitigates the anti-leukemia effects of ATF3 inhibition. Together, these findings reveal the dependence of AML on ATF3-regulated serine and nucleotide metabolism.
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37
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Zhang J, Terán G, Popa M, Madapura H, Ladds MJGW, Lianoudaki D, Grünler J, Arsenian-Henriksson M, McCormack E, Rottenberg ME, Catrina SB, Laín S, Darekar S. DHODH inhibition modulates glucose metabolism and circulating GDF15, and improves metabolic balance. iScience 2021; 24:102494. [PMID: 34113829 PMCID: PMC8169992 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is essential for the de novo synthesis of pyrimidine ribonucleotides, and as such, its inhibitors have been long used to treat autoimmune diseases and are in clinical trials for cancer and viral infections. Interestingly, DHODH is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and contributes to provide ubiquinol to the respiratory chain. Thus, DHODH provides the link between nucleotide metabolism and mitochondrial function. Here we show that pharmacological inhibition of DHODH reduces mitochondrial respiration, promotes glycolysis, and enhances GLUT4 translocation to the cytoplasmic membrane and that by activating tumor suppressor p53, increases the expression of GDF15, a cytokine that reduces appetite and prolongs lifespan. In addition, similar to the antidiabetic drug metformin, we observed that in db/db mice, DHODH inhibitors elevate levels of circulating GDF15 and reduce food intake. Further analysis using this model for obesity-induced diabetes revealed that DHODH inhibitors delay pancreatic β cell death and improve metabolic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Graciela Terán
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mihaela Popa
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Harsha Madapura
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 23, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Danai Lianoudaki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 23, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Grünler
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Centrum, 11365 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Arsenian-Henriksson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Martin Enrique Rottenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergiu-Bogdan Catrina
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Centrum, 11365 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Laín
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 23, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suhas Darekar
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 23, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
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38
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Salomao N, Karakostis K, Hupp T, Vollrath F, Vojtesek B, Fahraeus R. What do we need to know and understand about p53 to improve its clinical value? J Pathol 2021; 254:443-453. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norman Salomao
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis Paris France
| | - Konstantinos Karakostis
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis Paris France
| | - Ted Hupp
- University of Gdansk, International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science Gdansk Poland
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine Edinburgh UK
| | - Friz Vollrath
- Department of Zoology, Zoology Research and Administration Building University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | | | - Robin Fahraeus
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis Paris France
- University of Gdansk, International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science Gdansk Poland
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Biosciences Building 6M, Umeå University Umeå Sweden
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39
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Stuani L, Sabatier M, Saland E, Cognet G, Poupin N, Bosc C, Castelli FA, Gales L, Turtoi E, Montersino C, Farge T, Boet E, Broin N, Larrue C, Baran N, Cissé MY, Conti M, Loric S, Kaoma T, Hucteau A, Zavoriti A, Sahal A, Mouchel PL, Gotanègre M, Cassan C, Fernando L, Wang F, Hosseini M, Chu-Van E, Le Cam L, Carroll M, Selak MA, Vey N, Castellano R, Fenaille F, Turtoi A, Cazals G, Bories P, Gibon Y, Nicolay B, Ronseaux S, Marszalek JR, Takahashi K, DiNardo CD, Konopleva M, Pancaldi V, Collette Y, Bellvert F, Jourdan F, Linares LK, Récher C, Portais JC, Sarry JE. Mitochondrial metabolism supports resistance to IDH mutant inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20200924. [PMID: 33760042 PMCID: PMC7995203 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in IDH induce epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming, differentiation bias, and susceptibility to mitochondrial inhibitors in cancer cells. Here, we first show that cell lines, PDXs, and patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) harboring an IDH mutation displayed an enhanced mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Along with an increase in TCA cycle intermediates, this AML-specific metabolic behavior mechanistically occurred through the increase in electron transport chain complex I activity, mitochondrial respiration, and methylation-driven CEBPα-induced fatty acid β-oxidation of IDH1 mutant cells. While IDH1 mutant inhibitor reduced 2-HG oncometabolite and CEBPα methylation, it failed to reverse FAO and OxPHOS. These mitochondrial activities were maintained through the inhibition of Akt and enhanced activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 PGC1α upon IDH1 mutant inhibitor. Accordingly, OxPHOS inhibitors improved anti-AML efficacy of IDH mutant inhibitors in vivo. This work provides a scientific rationale for combinatory mitochondrial-targeted therapies to treat IDH mutant AML patients, especially those unresponsive to or relapsing from IDH mutant inhibitors.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Aminopyridines/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Doxycycline/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects
- Glycine/analogs & derivatives
- Glycine/pharmacology
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Isoenzymes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mutation
- Oxadiazoles/pharmacology
- Oxidative Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Triazines/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays/methods
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Stuani
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Sabatier
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Estelle Saland
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Cognet
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Poupin
- UMR1331 Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Claudie Bosc
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence A. Castelli
- CEA/DSV/iBiTec-S/SPI, Laboratoire d’Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, MetaboHUB-Paris, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lara Gales
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut National des sciences appliquées, Toulouse, France
- MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Evgenia Turtoi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier Alliance for Metabolomics and Metabolism Analysis, Platform for Translational Oncometabolomics, Biocampus, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Camille Montersino
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Farge
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Emeline Boet
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Broin
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Clément Larrue
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Natalia Baran
- Departments of Leukemia and Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Madi Y. Cissé
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Conti
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale U938, Hôpital St Antoine, Paris, France
- Integracell, Longjumeau, France
| | - Sylvain Loric
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale U938, Hôpital St Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Tony Kaoma
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Alexis Hucteau
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Aliki Zavoriti
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Ambrine Sahal
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Luc Mouchel
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
- Service d'Hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathilde Gotanègre
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric Cassan
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Laurent Fernando
- UMR1331 Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Feng Wang
- Departments of Leukemia and Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mohsen Hosseini
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Emeline Chu-Van
- CEA/DSV/iBiTec-S/SPI, Laboratoire d’Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, MetaboHUB-Paris, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laurent Le Cam
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Martin Carroll
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mary A. Selak
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Norbert Vey
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Rémy Castellano
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - François Fenaille
- CEA/DSV/iBiTec-S/SPI, Laboratoire d’Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, MetaboHUB-Paris, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Cazals
- Laboratoire de Mesures Physiques, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Bories
- Réseau Régional de Cancérologie Onco-Occitanie, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | | | - Joseph R. Marszalek
- Departments of Leukemia and Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Departments of Leukemia and Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Courtney D. DiNardo
- Departments of Leukemia and Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Departments of Leukemia and Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Véra Pancaldi
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yves Collette
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Floriant Bellvert
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut National des sciences appliquées, Toulouse, France
- MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabien Jourdan
- UMR1331 Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia K. Linares
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Récher
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
- Service d'Hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Charles Portais
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut National des sciences appliquées, Toulouse, France
- MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale U1031, EFS, INP-ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Lu J, Wood D, Ingley E, Koks S, Wong D. Update on genomic and molecular landscapes of well-differentiated liposarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3637-3647. [PMID: 33893924 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS) is the most frequent subtype of liposarcoma and may transform into dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) which is a more aggressive subtype. Retroperitoneal lesions of WDLPS/DDLPS tend to recur repeatedly due to incomplete resections, and adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy have little effect on patient survival. Consequently, identifying therapeutic targets and developing targeted drugs is critical for improving the outcome of WDLPS/DDLPS patients. In this review, we summarised the mutational landscape of WDLPS/DDLPS from recent studies focusing on potential oncogenic drivers and the development of molecular targeted drugs for DDLPS. Due to the limited number of studies on the molecular networks driving WDLPS to DDLPS development, we looked at other dedifferentiation-related tumours to identify potential parallel mechanisms that could be involved in the dedifferentiation process generating DDLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia. .,Cell Signalling Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - David Wood
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Evan Ingley
- Cell Signalling Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Discipline of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Sulev Koks
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Daniel Wong
- Anatomical Pathology, PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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Klein AM, de Queiroz RM, Venkatesh D, Prives C. The roles and regulation of MDM2 and MDMX: it is not just about p53. Genes Dev 2021; 35:575-601. [PMID: 33888565 PMCID: PMC8091979 DOI: 10.1101/gad.347872.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review, Klein et al. discuss the p53-independent roles of MDM2 and MDMX. First, they review the structural and functional features of MDM2 and MDMX proteins separately and together that could be relevant to their p53-independent activities. Following this, they summarize how these two proteins are regulated and how they can function in cells that lack p53. Most well studied as proteins that restrain the p53 tumor suppressor protein, MDM2 and MDMX have rich lives outside of their relationship to p53. There is much to learn about how these two proteins are regulated and how they can function in cells that lack p53. Regulation of MDM2 and MDMX, which takes place at the level of transcription, post-transcription, and protein modification, can be very intricate and is context-dependent. Equally complex are the myriad roles that these two proteins play in cells that lack wild-type p53; while many of these independent outcomes are consistent with oncogenic transformation, in some settings their functions could also be tumor suppressive. Since numerous small molecules that affect MDM2 and MDMX have been developed for therapeutic outcomes, most if not all designed to prevent their restraint of p53, it will be essential to understand how these diverse molecules might affect the p53-independent activities of MDM2 and MDMX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Klein
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | | | - Divya Venkatesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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42
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Fhu CW, Ali A. Dysregulation of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Human Malignancies: A Window for Therapeutic Intervention. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071513. [PMID: 33805973 PMCID: PMC8037609 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) governs the non-lysosomal degradation of oxidized, damaged, or misfolded proteins in eukaryotic cells. Dysregulation of the UPS results in loss of ability to maintain protein quality through proteolysis, and is closely related to the development of various malignancies and tumorigenesis. Here, we provide a comprehensive general overview on the regulation and roles of UPS and discuss the mechanisms linking dysregulated UPS to human malignancies. Inhibitors developed against components of the UPS, which include U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA-approved and those currently undergoing clinical trials, are also presented in this review. Abstract The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) governs the non-lysosomal degradation of oxidized, damaged, or misfolded proteins in eukaryotic cells. This process is tightly regulated through the activation and transfer of polyubiquitin chains to target proteins which are then recognized and degraded by the 26S proteasome complex. The role of UPS is crucial in regulating protein levels through degradation to maintain fundamental cellular processes such as growth, division, signal transduction, and stress response. Dysregulation of the UPS, resulting in loss of ability to maintain protein quality through proteolysis, is closely related to the development of various malignancies and tumorigenesis. Here, we provide a comprehensive general overview on the regulation and roles of UPS and discuss functional links of dysregulated UPS in human malignancies. Inhibitors developed against components of the UPS, which include U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA-approved and those currently undergoing clinical trials, are also presented in this review.
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Linking Serine/Glycine Metabolism to Radiotherapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061191. [PMID: 33801846 PMCID: PMC8002185 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hyperactivation of the de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis across different cancer types and its critical contribution in tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance indicate the relevance of serine/glycine metabolism-targeted therapies as therapeutic intervention in cancer. In this review, we specifically focus on the contribution of the de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis pathway to radioresistance. We provide a future perspective on how de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis inhibition and serine-free diets may improve the outcome of radiotherapy. Future research in this field is needed to better understand serine/glycine metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells in response to radiation and the influence of this pathway in the tumor microenvironment, which may provide the rationale for the optimal combination therapies. Abstract The activation of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis in a subset of tumors has been described as a major contributor to tumor pathogenesis, poor outcome, and treatment resistance. Amplifications and mutations of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis enzymes can trigger pathway activation; however, a large group of cancers displays serine/glycine pathway overexpression induced by oncogenic drivers and unknown regulatory mechanisms. A better understanding of the regulatory network of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis activation in cancer might be essential to unveil opportunities to target tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance. In the current review, we describe how the activation of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis in cancer is linked to treatment resistance and its implications in the clinic. To our knowledge, only a few studies have identified this pathway as metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells in response to radiation therapy. We propose an important contribution of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis pathway activation to radioresistance by being involved in cancer cell viability and proliferation, maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and redox homeostasis under hypoxia and nutrient-deprived conditions. Current approaches for inhibition of the de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis pathway provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention, which in combination with radiotherapy might be a promising strategy for tumor control and ultimately eradication. Further research is needed to gain molecular and mechanistic insight into the activation of this pathway in response to radiation therapy and to design sophisticated stratification methods to select patients that might benefit from serine/glycine metabolism-targeted therapies in combination with radiotherapy.
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Pan S, Fan M, Liu Z, Li X, Wang H. Serine, glycine and one‑carbon metabolism in cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 58:158-170. [PMID: 33491748 PMCID: PMC7864012 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine/glycine biosynthesis and one‑carbon metabolism are crucial in sustaining cancer cell survival and rapid proliferation, and of high clinical relevance. Excessive activation of serine/glycine biosynthesis drives tumorigenesis and provides a single carbon unit for one‑carbon metabolism. One‑carbon metabolism, which is a complex cyclic metabolic network based on the chemical reaction of folate compounds, provides the necessary proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other biological macromolecules to support tumor growth. Moreover, one‑carbon metabolism also maintains the redox homeostasis of the tumor microenvironment and provides substrates for the methylation reaction. The present study reviews the role of key enzymes with tumor‑promoting functions and important intermediates that are physiologically relevant to tumorigenesis in serine/glycine/one‑carbon metabolism pathways. The related regulatory mechanisms of action of the key enzymes and important intermediates in tumors are also discussed. It is hoped that investigations into these pathways will provide new translational opportunities for human cancer drug development, dietary interventions, and biomarker identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijing Pan
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Ming Fan
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Zhangnan Liu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Correspondence to: Dr Huijuan Wang or Dr Xia Li, Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Correspondence to: Dr Huijuan Wang or Dr Xia Li, Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Jinming Road, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
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Tajan M, Hennequart M, Cheung EC, Zani F, Hock AK, Legrave N, Maddocks ODK, Ridgway RA, Athineos D, Suárez-Bonnet A, Ludwig RL, Novellasdemunt L, Angelis N, Li VSW, Vlachogiannis G, Valeri N, Mainolfi N, Suri V, Friedman A, Manfredi M, Blyth K, Sansom OJ, Vousden KH. Serine synthesis pathway inhibition cooperates with dietary serine and glycine limitation for cancer therapy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:366. [PMID: 33446657 PMCID: PMC7809039 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many tumour cells show dependence on exogenous serine and dietary serine and glycine starvation can inhibit the growth of these cancers and extend survival in mice. However, numerous mechanisms promote resistance to this therapeutic approach, including enhanced expression of the de novo serine synthesis pathway (SSP) enzymes or activation of oncogenes that drive enhanced serine synthesis. Here we show that inhibition of PHGDH, the first step in the SSP, cooperates with serine and glycine depletion to inhibit one-carbon metabolism and cancer growth. In vitro, inhibition of PHGDH combined with serine starvation leads to a defect in global protein synthesis, which blocks the activation of an ATF-4 response and more broadly impacts the protective stress response to amino acid depletion. In vivo, the combination of diet and inhibitor shows therapeutic efficacy against tumours that are resistant to diet or drug alone, with evidence of reduced one-carbon availability. However, the defect in ATF4-response seen in vitro following complete depletion of available serine is not seen in mice, where dietary serine and glycine depletion and treatment with the PHGDH inhibitor lower but do not eliminate serine. Our results indicate that inhibition of PHGDH will augment the therapeutic efficacy of a serine depleted diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Tajan
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Marc Hennequart
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Eric C Cheung
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Fabio Zani
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andreas K Hock
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Mechanistic Biology and Profiling, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nathalie Legrave
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Oliver D K Maddocks
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Rachel A Ridgway
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Dimitris Athineos
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Robert L Ludwig
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Nikolaos Angelis
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Vivian S W Li
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Georgios Vlachogiannis
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology and Genomics Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology and Genomics Team, Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Vipin Suri
- Raze Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Karen H Vousden
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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46
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Wei Z, Liu X, Cheng C, Yu W, Yi P. Metabolism of Amino Acids in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:603837. [PMID: 33511116 PMCID: PMC7835483 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has been widely recognized as a hallmark of malignancy. The uptake and metabolism of amino acids are aberrantly upregulated in many cancers that display addiction to particular amino acids. Amino acids facilitate the survival and proliferation of cancer cells under genotoxic, oxidative, and nutritional stress. Thus, targeting amino acid metabolism is becoming a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer patients. In this review, we will systematically summarize the recent progress of amino acid metabolism in malignancy and discuss their interconnection with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, epigenetic modification, tumor growth and immunity, and ferroptosis. Finally, we will highlight the potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wei
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunming Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Harnessing the Co-vulnerabilities of Amino Acid-Restricted Cancers. Cell Metab 2021; 33:9-20. [PMID: 33406406 PMCID: PMC7837405 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sustained proliferative potential of cancer cells creates heightened energetic and biosynthetic demands. The resulting overt dependence of cancer cells on unperturbed nutrient supply has prompted a widespread interest in amino acid restriction strategies as potential cancer therapeutics. However, owing to rapid signaling and metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, the prospects for success of amino acid restriction approaches remain unclear. We thus recognize that the identification of co-vulnerabilities of amino acid-restricted cancers may inform actionable targets for effective combined interventions. In this perspective, we outline the current state of key cellular mechanisms underlying adaptation to amino acid restriction and discuss the role of signal transduction pathways governing cancer cell resistance to amino acid restriction, with potential ramifications for the design of future therapeutic efforts.
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Lahalle A, Lacroix M, De Blasio C, Cissé MY, Linares LK, Le Cam L. The p53 Pathway and Metabolism: The Tree That Hides the Forest. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13010133. [PMID: 33406607 PMCID: PMC7796211 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The p53 pathway is a major tumor suppressor pathway that prevents the propagation of abnormal cells by regulating DNA repair, cell cycle progression, cell death, or senescence. The multiple cellular processes regulated by p53 were more recently extended to the control of metabolism, and many studies support the notion that perturbations of p53-associated metabolic activities are linked to cancer development. Converging lines of evidence support the notion that, in addition to p53, other key components of this molecular cascade are also important regulators of metabolism. Here, we illustrate the underestimated complexity of the metabolic network controlled by the p53 pathway and show how its perturbation contributes to human diseases including cancer, aging, and metabolic diseases. Abstract The p53 pathway is functionally inactivated in most, if not all, human cancers. The p53 protein is a central effector of numerous stress-related molecular cascades. p53 controls a safeguard mechanism that prevents accumulation of abnormal cells and their transformation by regulating DNA repair, cell cycle progression, cell death, or senescence. The multiple cellular processes regulated by p53 were more recently extended to the control of metabolism and many studies support the notion that perturbations of p53-associated metabolic activities are linked to cancer development, as well as to other pathophysiological conditions including aging, type II diabetes, and liver disease. Although much less documented than p53 metabolic activities, converging lines of evidence indicate that other key components of this tumor suppressor pathway are also involved in cellular metabolism through p53-dependent as well as p53-independent mechanisms. Thus, at least from a metabolic standpoint, the p53 pathway must be considered as a non-linear pathway, but the complex metabolic network controlled by these p53 regulators and the mechanisms by which their activities are coordinated with p53 metabolic functions remain poorly understood. In this review, we highlight some of the metabolic pathways controlled by several central components of the p53 pathway and their role in tissue homeostasis, metabolic diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airelle Lahalle
- Université de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (A.L.); (M.L.); (C.D.B.); (L.K.L.)
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1194, F-24298 Montpellier, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Lacroix
- Université de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (A.L.); (M.L.); (C.D.B.); (L.K.L.)
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1194, F-24298 Montpellier, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Carlo De Blasio
- Université de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (A.L.); (M.L.); (C.D.B.); (L.K.L.)
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1194, F-24298 Montpellier, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Madi Y. Cissé
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard, T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Laetitia K. Linares
- Université de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (A.L.); (M.L.); (C.D.B.); (L.K.L.)
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1194, F-24298 Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Le Cam
- Université de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (A.L.); (M.L.); (C.D.B.); (L.K.L.)
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1194, F-24298 Montpellier, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Basu U, Bostwick AM, Das K, Dittenhafer-Reed KE, Patel SS. Structure, mechanism, and regulation of mitochondrial DNA transcription initiation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:18406-18425. [PMID: 33127643 PMCID: PMC7939475 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.011202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are specialized compartments that produce requisite ATP to fuel cellular functions and serve as centers of metabolite processing, cellular signaling, and apoptosis. To accomplish these roles, mitochondria rely on the genetic information in their small genome (mitochondrial DNA) and the nucleus. A growing appreciation for mitochondria's role in a myriad of human diseases, including inherited genetic disorders, degenerative diseases, inflammation, and cancer, has fueled the study of biochemical mechanisms that control mitochondrial function. The mitochondrial transcriptional machinery is different from nuclear machinery. The in vitro re-constituted transcriptional complexes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) and humans, aided with high-resolution structures and biochemical characterizations, have provided a deeper understanding of the mechanism and regulation of mitochondrial DNA transcription. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in the structure and mechanism of mitochondrial transcription initiation. We will follow up with recent discoveries and formative findings regarding the regulatory events that control mitochondrial DNA transcription, focusing on those involved in cross-talk between the mitochondria and nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmimala Basu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Kalyan Das
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Smita S Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
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Wu Q, Chen X, Li J, Sun S. Serine and Metabolism Regulation: A Novel Mechanism in Antitumor Immunity and Senescence. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1640-1653. [PMID: 33269112 PMCID: PMC7673844 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the nonessential amino acids (NEAAs), serine is involved in the anabolism of multiple macromolecular substances by participating in one-carbon unit metabolism. Thus, rapidly proliferating cells such as tumor cells and activated immune cells are highly dependent on serine. Serine supports the proliferation of various immune cells through multiple pathways to enhance the antitumor immune response. Moreover, serine influences aging specificity in an epigenetic and metabolic manner. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the relationship between serine metabolism, antitumor immunity, and senescence. The metabolic regulation of serine seems to be a key point of intervention in antitumor immunity and aging-related disease, providing an opportunity for several novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- 1Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyue Chen
- 1Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- 1Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- 1Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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