1
|
Zhang M, Wang J, Guo Y, Yue H, Zhang L. Activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis by UBE2S inhibits autophagy leading to cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:240. [PMID: 38115063 PMCID: PMC10729389 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women, with a 5-year survival rate of 30%-50%. Platinum resistance is the chief culprit for the high recurrence and mortality rates. Several studies confirm that the metabolic regulation of ubiquitinating enzymes plays a vital role in platinum resistance in OC. METHODS In this study, we selected ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (UBE2S) as the candidate gene for validation. The levels of UBE2S expression were investigated using TCGA, GTEx, UALCAN, and HPA databases. In addition, the correlation between UBE2S and platinum resistance in OC was analyzed using data from TCGA. Cisplatin-resistant OC cell lines were generated and UBE2S was knocked down; the transfection efficiency was verified. Subsequently, the effects of knockdown of UBE2S on the proliferation and migration of cisplatin-resistant OC cells were examined through the CCK8, Ki-67 immunofluorescence, clone formation, wound healing, and transwell assays. In addition, the UBE2S gene was also validated in vivo by xenograft models in nude mice. Finally, the relationship between the UBE2S gene and autophagy and the possible underlying regulatory mechanism was preliminarily investigated through MDC and GFP-LC3-B autophagy detection and western blotting experiments. Most importantly, experimental validation of mTOR agonist reversion (the rescuse experiments) was also performed. RESULTS UBE2S was highly expressed in OC at both nucleic acid and protein levels. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the level of UBE2S expression in platinum-resistant samples was significantly higher relative to the platinum-sensitive samples. By cell transfection experiments, knocking down of the UBE2S gene was found to inhibit the proliferation and migration of cisplatin-resistant OC cells. Moreover, the UBE2S gene could inhibit autophagy by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to induce cisplatin resistance in OC in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we discovered a novel oncogene, UBE2S, which was associated with platinum response in OC, and examined its key role through bioinformatics and preliminary experiments. The findings may open up a new avenue for the evaluation and treatment of OC patients at high risk of cisplatin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 7 Rehabilitation Front Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Weiwu Street, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
| | - Haodi Yue
- Department of Center for Clinical Single Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Weiwu Street, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
| | - Lindong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 7 Rehabilitation Front Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Krishnan R, Lapierre M, Gautreau B, Nixon KCJ, El Ghamrasni S, Patel P, Hao J, Yerlici V, Guturi K, St-Germain J, Mateo F, Saad A, Algouneh A, Earnshaw R, Shili D, Seitova A, Miller J, Khosraviani N, Penn A, Ho B, Sanchez O, Hande MP, Masson JY, Brown G, Alaoui-Jamali M, Reynolds J, Arrowsmith C, Raught B, Pujana M, Mekhail K, Stewart G, Hakem A, Hakem R. RNF8 ubiquitylation of XRN2 facilitates R-loop resolution and restrains genomic instability in BRCA1 mutant cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:10484-10505. [PMID: 37697435 PMCID: PMC10602868 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer linked with BRCA1/2 mutations commonly recur and resist current therapies, including PARP inhibitors. Given the lack of effective targeted therapies for BRCA1-mutant cancers, we sought to identify novel targets to selectively kill these cancers. Here, we report that loss of RNF8 significantly protects Brca1-mutant mice against mammary tumorigenesis. RNF8 deficiency in human BRCA1-mutant breast cancer cells was found to promote R-loop accumulation and replication fork instability, leading to increased DNA damage, senescence, and synthetic lethality. Mechanistically, RNF8 interacts with XRN2, which is crucial for transcription termination and R-loop resolution. We report that RNF8 ubiquitylates XRN2 to facilitate its recruitment to R-loop-prone genomic loci and that RNF8 deficiency in BRCA1-mutant breast cancer cells decreases XRN2 occupancy at R-loop-prone sites, thereby promoting R-loop accumulation, transcription-replication collisions, excessive genomic instability, and cancer cell death. Collectively, our work identifies a synthetic lethal interaction between RNF8 and BRCA1, which is mediated by a pathological accumulation of R-loops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rehna Krishnan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mariah Lapierre
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Brandon Gautreau
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kevin C J Nixon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Samah El Ghamrasni
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Parasvi S Patel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jun Hao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - V Talya Yerlici
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan St-Germain
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Francesca Mateo
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Amine Saad
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Arash Algouneh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Rebecca Earnshaw
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Duan Shili
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Alma Seitova
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Joshua Miller
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Negin Khosraviani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Adam Penn
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Brandon Ho
- Department of Biochemistry and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Otto Sanchez
- Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe Street North Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - M Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Oncology Axis; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology; Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Grant W Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Moulay Alaoui-Jamali
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John J Reynolds
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cheryl Arrowsmith
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Miguel A Pujana
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Karim Mekhail
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Grant S Stewart
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anne Hakem
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Razqallah Hakem
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bai Y, Zhao H, Liu H, Wang W, Dong H, Zhao C. RNA methylation, homologous recombination repair and therapeutic resistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115409. [PMID: 37659205 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is critical for maintaining genomic integrity and stability. Defects in HR increase the risk of tumorigenesis. However, many human tumors exhibit enhanced HR repair capabilities, consequently endowing tumor cells with resistance to DNA-damaging chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This review summarizes the role of RNA methylation in HR repair and therapeutic resistance in human tumors. We also analyzed the interactions between RNA methylation and other HR-modulating modifications including histone acetylation, histone deacetylation, ubiquitination, deubiquitination, protein arginine methylation, and gene transcription. This review proposes that targeting RNA methylation is a promising approach to overcoming HR-mediated therapeutic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hanlin Zhao
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haijun Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Hongming Dong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Chenghai Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yue H, Wang J, Hou S, Zhang M. As a potential predictor of pan-cancer, UBE2S is related to tumor-associated macrophage infiltration. Future Oncol 2023; 19:1973-1990. [PMID: 37791471 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: At the pan-cancer level, exploring the expression and prognostic significance of a gene, such as UBE2S, will help to gain insight into the role of the gene and its feasibility for cancer screening, prognosis assessment and even gene therapy. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas, Human Protein Atlas, Kaplan-Meier, Tumor Immunology Estimation Resource and other databases were used to analyze the expression of UBE2S at the pan-cancer level, its prognosis and the role of the immune microenvironment. Immunohistochemistry samples of tumor tissue collected in our clinic were taken as verification. Results: UBE2S is significantly overexpressed in pan-cancer and is closely associated with malignant clinical features, poor prognosis and tumor-associated macrophages. Conclusion: UBE2S may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for pan-cancer and is associated with tumor-associated macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haodi Yue
- Department of Center for Clinical Single Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 1000053, China
| | - Siyu Hou
- Department of Gynecology, Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 1000038, China
| | - Mengjun Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gong D, Rao X, Min Z, Liu X, Xin H, Zhou P, Yang L, Li D. UBE2S targets RPL26 for ubiquitination and degradation to promote non-small cell lung cancer progression via regulating c-Myc. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:3705-3720. [PMID: 37693154 PMCID: PMC10492117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have shown that E2 conjugating enzyme family are dysregulated in various cancers and associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. In present study, we screened and confirmed that UBE2S is one of the E2 conjugating enzymes highly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and it plays an oncogenic role by enhancing cell proliferation, migration and stemness in vitro. Using immunoprecipitation technology combined with mass spectrometry assay, we identified ribosomal protein RPL26 as the substrate protein of UBE2S in NSCLC. At the molecular level, overexpression of UBE2S accelerated the ubiquitination and degradation of RPL26, thus upregulating c-Myc to enhance the progression of NSCLC. In addition, the results of a xenograft experiment showed that inhibiting UBE2S could suppress RPL26-c-Myc mediated NSCLC tumor growth in vivo. Our data provided mechanistic evidence supporting the existence of a novel UBE2S-RPL26-c-Myc axis and its critical contribution to progression of NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalian Gong
- Department of Life Science, College of Biology, Hunan UniversityChangsha 410012, Hunan, China
| | - Xinxu Rao
- Department of Life Science, College of Biology, Hunan UniversityChangsha 410012, Hunan, China
| | - Ziqian Min
- Department of Life Science, College of Biology, Hunan UniversityChangsha 410012, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Life Science, College of Biology, Hunan UniversityChangsha 410012, Hunan, China
| | - Huan Xin
- Department of Life Science, College of Biology, Hunan UniversityChangsha 410012, Hunan, China
| | - Peijun Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Life Science, College of Biology, Hunan UniversityChangsha 410012, Hunan, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan UniversityShenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gonzalez-Santamarta M, Bouvier C, Rodriguez MS, Xolalpa W. Ubiquitin-chains dynamics and its role regulating crucial cellular processes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 132:155-170. [PMID: 34895814 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The proteome adapts to multiple situations occurring along the life of the cell. To face these continuous changes, the cell uses posttranslational modifications (PTMs) to control the localization, association with multiple partners, stability, and activity of protein targets. One of the most dynamic protein involved in PTMs is Ubiquitin (Ub). Together with other members of the same family, known as Ubiquitin-like (UbL) proteins, Ub rebuilds the architecture of a protein in a few minutes to change its properties in a very efficient way. This capacity of Ub and UbL is in part due to their potential to form complex architectures when attached to target proteins or when forming Ub chains. The highly dynamic formation and remodeling of Ub chains is regulated by the action of conjugating and deconjugating enzymes that determine, in due time, the correct chain architecture for a particular cellular function. Chain remodeling occurs in response to physiologic stimuli but also in pathologic situations. Here, we illustrate well-documented cases of chain remodeling during DNA repair, activation of the NF-κB pathway and autophagy, as examples of this dynamic regulation. The crucial role of enzymes and cofactors regulating chain remodeling is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gonzalez-Santamarta
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC) - UPR 8241 CNRS, and UMR 152 Pharma-Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Corentin Bouvier
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC) - UPR 8241 CNRS, and UMR 152 Pharma-Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Manuel S Rodriguez
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC) - UPR 8241 CNRS, and UMR 152 Pharma-Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Wendy Xolalpa
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62250 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang K, Xiao W. Functions and mechanisms of the Ubc13-UEV complex and lysine 63-linked polyubiquitination in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5372-5387. [PMID: 35640002 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is one of the best-known post-translational modifications in eukaryotes, in which different linkage types of polyubiquitination result in different outputs of the target proteins. Distinct from the well-characterized K48-linked polyubiquitination that usually serves as a signal for degradation of the target protein, K63-linked polyubiquitination often requires a unique E2 heterodimer Ubc13-UEV and alters the target protein activity instead of marking it for degradation. This review focuses on recent advances on the roles of Ubc13-UEV-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination in plant growth, development, and response to environmental stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Y, Ren W, Wang Q, He Y, Ma D, Cai Z. The regulation of necroptosis by ubiquitylation. Apoptosis 2022; 27:668-684. [PMID: 35939135 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a programmed necrosis that is mediated by receptor-interacting protein kinases RIPK1, RIPK3 and the mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein, MLKL. Necroptosis must be strictly regulated to maintain normal tissue homeostasis, and dysregulation of necroptosis leads to the development of various inflammatory, infectious, and degenerative diseases. Ubiquitylation is a widespread post-translational modification that is essential for balancing numerous physiological processes. Over the past decade, considerable progress has been made in the understanding of the role of ubiquitylation in regulating necroptosis. Here, we will discuss the regulatory functions of ubiquitylation in necroptosis signaling pathway. An enhanced understanding of the ubiquitylation enzymes and regulatory proteins in necroptotic signaling pathway will be exploited for the development of new therapeutic strategies for necroptosis-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Chen
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Wenqing Ren
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yuan He
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Zhenyu Cai
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China. .,College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yin X, Liu Q, Liu F, Tian X, Yan T, Han J, Jiang S. Emerging Roles of Non-proteolytic Ubiquitination in Tumorigenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:944460. [PMID: 35874839 PMCID: PMC9298949 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.944460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a critical type of protein post-translational modification playing an essential role in many cellular processes. To date, more than eight types of ubiquitination exist, all of which are involved in distinct cellular processes based on their structural differences. Studies have indicated that activation of the ubiquitination pathway is tightly connected with inflammation-related diseases as well as cancer, especially in the non-proteolytic canonical pathway, highlighting the vital roles of ubiquitination in metabolic programming. Studies relating degradable ubiquitination through lys48 or lys11-linked pathways to cellular signaling have been well-characterized. However, emerging evidence shows that non-degradable ubiquitination (linked to lys6, lys27, lys29, lys33, lys63, and Met1) remains to be defined. In this review, we summarize the non-proteolytic ubiquitination involved in tumorigenesis and related signaling pathways, with the aim of providing a reference for future exploration of ubiquitination and the potential targets for cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Yin
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qingbin Liu
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xinchen Tian
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tinghao Yan
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shulong Jiang
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao R, Yu Z, Mao X, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Zhou Y. Knockout of UBE2S inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and induces apoptosis by FAS-mediated death receptor pathway. Exp Cell Res 2022; 419:113293. [PMID: 35863455 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin binding enzyme E2S (UBE2S) is a member of ubiquitin binding enzyme family involved in a variety of biological functions, including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and regulation of the ubiquitination of proteins, which are closely correlated with the development of various tumors. However, its role in gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. In this study, we found that UBE2S was upregulated in GC tissues and cells. Further, its high expression positively correlated with the tumor stage and indicated a poor prognosis. Knockout of UBE2S by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated strategy suppressed the growth of GC in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, RNA-Seq-based transcriptome analysis and tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics analysis was performed for exploring the underlying mechanism. The multi-omics and verification results showed that UBE2S knockout-induced apoptosis and proliferation inhibition of GC cells was related to upregulation of FAS and the activation of the FAS-mediated apoptotic pathway. Moreover, a negative correlation between UBE2S and FAS expression was observed in GC tissue samples. Finally, the ubiquitination assay confirmed that knockout of UBE2S might activate endogenous FAS by inhibiting ubiquitination and degradation of p53 in GC cells. Collectively, UBE2S is expected to be a novel prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zeyuan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaorong Mao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Yongning Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A Pan-Cancer Analysis of UBE2S in Tumorigenesis, Prognosis, Pathway, Immune Infiltration and Evasion, and Therapy Response from an Immune-Oncology Perspective. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3982539. [PMID: 35578600 PMCID: PMC9107357 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3982539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2S (UBE2S), a member of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family, is known to play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and progression in some tumor types. However, whether UBE2S plays an irreplaceable role in the immune-oncology context of tumorigenesis, prognosis, pathogenesis, immune regulation, and therapeutic response through certain common molecular mechanisms remains to be defined. The present pan-cancer study was intended to decipher the landscape of UBE2S in pathologic, immunological, and therapeutic aspects across various cancers. Methods Data used for UBE2S analysis were obtained from TCGA database. The pan-cancer analysis was mainly focused on the expression patterns, prognostic values, mutation landscapes, biological pathways, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and therapeutic resistance of UBE2S using multiple databases including cBioPortal, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) database, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). External experimental validation was conducted to delineate the association of UBE2S with tumor phenotypes through assays of proliferation, colony formation, and migration. Data processing, statistical analysis, and plotting were performed using R software and GraphPad Prism software. Results UBE2S was aberrantly expressed in almost all human cancers, and elevated UBE2S expression was unfavorably associated with the clinical pathological stage and prognosis. DNA methylation and RNA modification were significantly correlated with the UBE2S expression level. The results of enrichment analysis revealed that UBE2S positively regulated MYC, G2M cell cycle, and DNA repair pathways and negatively regulated adipogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, and heme metabolism. In addition, UBE2S exhibited a significantly positive correlation with myeloid-derived suppressor cell MDSC and Th2 subsets in almost all tumors analyzed. UBE2S could confer immune evasion via coexpressed immunoinhibitors and T cell exhaustion. Notably, a higher UBE2S expression indicated a higher level of stemness, TMB, MSI, and MMR deficiency and DNA methyltransferases, as well as chemotherapeutic resistance in various cancers. Notably, in vitro functional validation showed that UBE2S knockdown attenuated the phenotypes of proliferation, clonogenicity, and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Conclusions Our study provided meaningful clues to support UBE2S as an immune-oncogenic molecule and shed light on potential applications of UBE2S in cancer detection, prognostic prediction, and therapeutic response assessment.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gao S, Bu X, Gao Y, Bao Z, Shi W, Luan L, Chen H, Zhang B, Tian Q, Guan W, Yang L. The miR-532-E2F1 feedback loop contributes to gastric cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:376. [PMID: 35440106 PMCID: PMC9018701 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fourth in incidence and mortality worldwide, ascertaining the pathogenesis of GC is crucial for its treatment. E2F1, which regulates the transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in DNA repair, DNA replication, mitosis and survival of cancer patients, functions as a key regulator in GC progression. However, the underneath mechanism of these processes is not fully elucidated. Here, TCGA database analysis, microarray immunohistochemical technique and western blot showed that E2F1 was highly upregulated in clinical GC tissues and correlated with tumor malignancy. In vitro and in vivo assays confirmed the oncogenic function of E2F1. MiR-532 was decreased and negatively correlated with E2F1 in GC tissues. MiR-532 directly targeted and inhibited E2F1 expression, leading to the decrease of ASK1 and elevation of TXNIP, and affected proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and DNA damage in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, E2F1 serves as a transcriptional repressor to suppress miR-532 expression and a double-negative feedback loop was formed between them. This study demonstrates the significant roles of the E2F1-miR-532 double-negative feedback loop in GC progression and may represent a potential target for GC therapy.
Collapse
|
13
|
Non-proteolytic ubiquitylation in cellular signaling and human disease. Commun Biol 2022; 5:114. [PMID: 35136173 PMCID: PMC8826416 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins that frequently targets substrates for proteasomal degradation. However it can also result in non-proteolytic events which play important functions in cellular processes such as intracellular signaling, membrane trafficking, DNA repair and cell cycle. Emerging evidence demonstrates that dysfunction of non-proteolytic ubiquitylation is associated with the development of multiple human diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and the latest concepts on how non-proteolytic ubiquitylation pathways are involved in cellular signaling and in disease-mediating processes. Our review, may advance our understanding of the non-degradative ubiquitylation process. Evanthia Pangou and co-authors review recent insights into the important roles of non-proteolytic ubiquitylation in cellular signaling as well as in physiology and disease.
Collapse
|
14
|
Reconstitution of the DTX3L-PARP9 complex reveals determinants for high affinity heterodimerization and multimeric assembly. Biochem J 2022; 479:289-304. [PMID: 35037691 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination and ADP-ribosylation are post-translational modifications that play major roles in pathways including the DNA damage response and viral infection. The enzymes responsible for these modifications are therefore potential targets for therapeutic intervention. DTX3L is an E3 Ubiquitin ligase that forms a heterodimer with PARP9. In addition to its ubiquitin ligase activity, DTX3L-PARP9 also acts as an ADP-ribosyl transferase for Gly76 on the C-terminus of ubiquitin. NAD+-dependent ADP-ribosylation of ubiquitin by DTX3L-PARP9 prevents ubiquitin from conjugating to protein substrates. To gain insight into how DTX3L-PARP9 generates these post-translational modifications, we have generated recombinant forms of DTX3L and PARP9 and studied their physical interactions. We show the DTX3L D3 domain (230-510) mediates the interaction with PARP9 with nanomolar affinity and an apparent 1:1 stoichiometry. We also show that DTX3L and PARP9 assemble into a higher molecular weight oligomer, and that this is mediated by the DTX3L N-terminal region (1-200). Lastly, we show that ADP-ribosylation of ubiquitin at Gly76 is reversible in vitro by several Macrodomain-type hydrolases. Our study provides a framework to understand how DTX3L-PARP9 mediates ADP-ribosylation and ubiquitination through both intra- and inter-subunit interactions.
Collapse
|
15
|
Gui L, Zhang S, Xu Y, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Kong L. UBE2S promotes cell chemoresistance through PTEN-AKT signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:357. [PMID: 34785642 PMCID: PMC8595659 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination displays a crucial role in various biological functions, such as protein degradation, signal transduction, and cellular homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has indicated that ubiquitination is essential in cancer progression. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (UBE2S) is a member of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family of the ubiquitin system and its role in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is largely unknown. We investigated the role of UBE2S in HCC and found UBE2S upregulation is relevant with large tumor size, recurrence, and advanced TNM stage, serving as an independent risk factor of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) for HCC patients. We conducted in vitro experiments and found that in HCC cells, UBE2S overexpression increases the resistance to 5-FU and oxaliplatin, while UBE2S knockdown achieves an opposite effect. UBE2S is transcriptionally activated by the binding of FOXM1 to UBE2S promoter, which induces its upregulation and reduces PTEN protein level by promoting PTEN ubiquitination at Lys60 and Lys327 and facilitating AKT phosphorylation. The promotional effect of FOXM1-UBE2S axis on HCC cell chemoresistance is attenuated by allosteric AKT inhibitor, MK2206. In conclusion, our results reveal that UBE2S is a prognostic biomarker for HCC patients, and the FOXM1-UBE2S-PTEN-p-AKT signaling axis might be a promising target for the treatment of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gui
- grid.452509.f0000 0004 1764 4566Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Sicai Zhang
- grid.452509.f0000 0004 1764 4566Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Yongzi Xu
- grid.452509.f0000 0004 1764 4566Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- grid.452509.f0000 0004 1764 4566Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lianbao Kong
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yagai T, Yan T, Luo Y, Takahashi S, Aibara D, Kim D, Brocker CN, Levi M, Motohashi H, Gonzalez FJ. Feedback repression of PPARα signaling by Let-7 microRNA. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109506. [PMID: 34380035 PMCID: PMC8424520 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) controls hepatic lipid homeostasis and is the target of lipid-lowering fibrate drugs. PPARα activation represses expression of let-7 microRNA (miRNA), but the function of let-7 in PPARα signaling and lipid metabolism is unknown. In the current study, a hepatocyte-specific let-7b/c2 knockout (let7b/c2ΔHep) mouse line is generated, and these mice are found to exhibit pronounced resistance to diet-induced obesity and fatty liver. Let-7 inhibition by hepatocyte-specific let-7 sponge expression shows similar phenotypes as let7b/c2ΔHep mice. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis reveals that hepatic PPARα signaling is repressed in let7b/c2ΔHep mice. Protein expression of the obligate PPARα heterodimer partner retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) is reduced in the livers of let7b/c2ΔHep mice. Ring finger protein 8 (Rnf8), which is a direct target of let-7, is elevated in let7b/c2ΔHep mouse liver and identified as a E3 ubiquitin ligase for RXRα. This study highlights a let-7-RNF8-RXRα regulatory axis that modulates hepatic lipid catabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Yagai
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tingting Yan
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuhong Luo
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Daisuke Aibara
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chad N Brocker
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bacheva AV, Gotmanova NN, Belogurov AA, Kudriaeva AA. Control of Genome through Variative Nature of Histone-Modifying Ubiquitin Ligases. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:S71-S95. [PMID: 33827401 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921140066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Covalent attachment of ubiquitin residue is not only the proteasomal degradation signal, but also a widespread posttranslational modification of cellular proteins in eukaryotes. One of the most important targets of the regulatory ubiquitination are histones. Localization of ubiquitin residue in different regions of the nucleosome attracts a strictly determined set of cellular factors with varied functionality. Depending on the type of histone and the particular lysine residue undergoing modification, histone ubiquitination can lead both to transcription activation and to gene repression, as well as contribute to DNA repair via different mechanisms. An extremely interesting feature of the family of RING E3 ubiquitin ligases catalyzing histone ubiquitination is the striking structural diversity of the domains providing high specificity of modification very similar initial targets. It is obvious that further elucidation of peculiarities of the ubiquitination system involved in histone modification, as well as understanding of physiological role of this process in the maintenance of homeostasis of both single cells and the entire organism, will substantially expand the possibilities of treating a number of socially significant diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Bacheva
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | - Alexey A Belogurov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Anna A Kudriaeva
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Control of the chromatin response to DNA damage: Histone proteins pull the strings. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 113:75-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
19
|
Long Q, Liu Z, Gullerova M. Sweet Melody or Jazz? Transcription Around DNA Double-Strand Breaks. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:655786. [PMID: 33959637 PMCID: PMC8096065 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.655786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic integrity is continuously threatened by thousands of endogenous and exogenous damaging factors. To preserve genome stability, cells developed comprehensive DNA damage response (DDR) pathways that mediate the recognition of damaged DNA lesions, the activation of signaling cascades, and the execution of DNA repair. Transcription has been understood to pose a threat to genome stability in the presence of DNA breaks. Interestingly, accumulating evidence in recent years shows that the transient transcriptional activation at DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites is required for efficient repair, while the rest of the genome exhibits temporary transcription silencing. This genomic shut down is a result of multiple signaling cascades involved in the maintenance of DNA/RNA homeostasis, chromatin stability, and genome fidelity. The regulation of transcription of protein-coding genes and non-coding RNAs has been extensively studied; however, the exact regulatory mechanisms of transcription at DSBs remain enigmatic. These complex processes involve many players such as transcription-associated protein complexes, including kinases, transcription factors, chromatin remodeling complexes, and helicases. The damage-derived transcripts themselves also play an essential role in DDR regulation. In this review, we summarize the current findings on the regulation of transcription at DSBs and discussed the roles of various accessory proteins in these processes and consequently in DDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monika Gullerova
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
RNF8 ubiquitinates RecQL4 and promotes its dissociation from DNA double strand breaks. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:24. [PMID: 33674555 PMCID: PMC7935965 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination-dependent DNA damage response (DDR) signals play a critical role in the cellular choice of DNA damage repair pathways. Human DNA helicase RecQL4 participates in DNA replication and repair, and loss of RecQL4 is associated with autosomal recessive genetic disorders characterized by genomic instability features. In an earlier study, RecQL4 was isolated as a stable complex that contained two ubiquitin ligases of the N-end rule (UBR1 and UBR2). However, it is unknown whether or not RecQL4 ubiquitination status is critical for its DNA repair function. Here, we report that RecQL4 directly interacts with RNF8 (a RING finger ubiquitin E3 ligase), and both co-localize at DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites. Our findings indicate that RNF8 ubiquitinates RecQL4 protein mainly at the lysine sites of 876, 1048, and 1101, thereby facilitating the dissociation of RecQL4 from DSB sites. RecQL4 mutant at ubiquitination sites had a significantly prolonged retention at DSBs, which hinders the recruitment of its direct downstream DSB repair proteins (CtIP & Ku80). Interestingly, reduced DSB repair capacity observed in RecQL4 depleted cells was restored only by the reconstitution of wild-type RecQL4, but not the ubiquitination mutant. Additionally, RecQL4 directly interacts with WRAP53β that is known to recruit RNF8 to DSBs and WRAP53β enhances the association of RecQL4 with RNF8. WRAP53β silencing resulted in a nearly diminished recruitment of RNF8 to DSBs and in a greatly attenuated dissociation of RecQL4 from the DSB sites. Collectively, our study demonstrates that the ubiquitination event mediated by RNF8 constitutes an essential component for RecQL4's function in DSB repair.
Collapse
|
21
|
Osborne HC, Irving E, Forment JV, Schmidt CK. E2 enzymes in genome stability: pulling the strings behind the scenes. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:628-643. [PMID: 33685796 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) function as critical post-translational modifiers in the maintenance of genome stability. Ubiquitin/UBL-conjugating enzymes (E2s) are responsible, as part of a wider enzymatic cascade, for transferring single moieties or polychains of ubiquitin/UBLs to one or multiple residues on substrate proteins. Recent advances in structural and mechanistic understanding of how ubiquitin/UBL substrate attachment is orchestrated indicate that E2s can exert control over chain topology, substrate-site specificity, and downstream physiological effects to help maintain genome stability. Drug discovery efforts have typically focussed on modulating other members of the ubiquitin/UBL cascades or the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Here, we review the current standing of E2s in genome stability and revisit their potential as pharmacological targets for developing novel anti-cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugh C Osborne
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Elsa Irving
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Josep V Forment
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Christine K Schmidt
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang RY, Liu ZK, Wei D, Yong YL, Lin P, Li H, Liu M, Zheng NS, Liu K, Hu CX, Yang XZ, Chen ZN, Bian H. UBE2S interacting with TRIM28 in the nucleus accelerates cell cycle by ubiquitination of p27 to promote hepatocellular carcinoma development. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:64. [PMID: 33589597 PMCID: PMC7884418 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic sequencing analysis of tumors provides potential molecular therapeutic targets for precision medicine. However, identifying a key driver gene or mutation that can be used for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment remains difficult. Here, we performed whole-exome sequencing on genomic DNA obtained from six pairs of HCC and adjacent tissues and identified two novel somatic mutations of UBE2S (p. Gly57Ala and p. Lys63Asn). Predictions of the functional effects of the mutations showed that two amino-acid substitutions were potentially deleterious. Further, we observed that wild-type UBE2S, especially in the nucleus, was significantly higher in HCC tissues than that in adjacent tissues and closely related to the clinicopathological features of patients with HCC. Functional assays revealed that overexpression of UBE2S promoted the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and G1/S phase transition of HCC cells in vitro, and promoted the tumor growth significantly in vivo. Mechanistically, UBE2S interacted with TRIM28 in the nucleus, both together enhanced the ubiquitination of p27 to facilitate its degradation and cell cycle progression. Most importantly, the small-molecule cephalomannine was found by a luciferase-based sensitive high-throughput screen (HTS) to inhibit UBE2S expression and significantly attenuate HCC progression in vitro and in vivo, which may represent a promising strategy for HCC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Yu Zhang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ze-Kun Liu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ding Wei
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yu-Le Yong
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Peng Lin
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hao Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Man Liu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Nai-Shan Zheng
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ke Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Cai-Xia Hu
- Oncology and Hepatobiliary Minimally Invasive Interventional Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Yang
- Oncology and Hepatobiliary Minimally Invasive Interventional Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Huijie Bian
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tracz M, Bialek W. Beyond K48 and K63: non-canonical protein ubiquitination. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:1. [PMID: 33402098 PMCID: PMC7786512 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination has become one of the most extensively studied post-translational modifications. Originally discovered as a critical element in highly regulated proteolysis, ubiquitination is now regarded as essential for many other cellular processes. This results from the unique features of ubiquitin (Ub) and its ability to form various homo- and heterotypic linkage types involving one of the seven different lysine residues or the free amino group located at its N-terminus. While K48- and K63-linked chains are broadly covered in the literature, the other types of chains assembled through K6, K11, K27, K29, and K33 residues deserve equal attention in the light of the latest discoveries. Here, we provide a concise summary of recent advances in the field of these poorly understood Ub linkages and their possible roles in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Tracz
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bialek
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhao F, Wang P, Guo Y, Lu Q, Kong X, Su D, Li H, Liu G, Liu C. Identification of the potential roles of ring finger protein 8 in TP53-mutant breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:42. [PMID: 33262834 PMCID: PMC7693390 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the highest mortality rate. With the development of precise treatment technology for cancer, numerous molecular targets have been identified and applied in the treatment of diseases. The present study investigated the potential role of ring finger protein 8 (RNF8) in TP53-mutant breast cancer and explored its possible mechanisms of action through a combination of bioinformatics techniques and cell biology. The results revealed that significantly different genes were expressed in RNF8-knockout mice sequencing data compared with in the control group in the presence of TP53 mutations. Downregulated genes were significantly enriched in several pathways of cell proliferation and apoptosis regulation, development and transcription regulation, while upregulated genes were mainly enriched in immune response-associated signaling pathways. Therefore, the consensus genes of the major signaling pathways were further analyzed, revealing that among patients with TP53 wild-type breast cancer, the prognosis of patients with low expression levels of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, LIM homeobox 2 and EPH receptor B2 was improved compared with that of patients with high expression levels, while among patients with TP53-mutant breast cancer, there was no significant difference in survival status. In addition, among patients with TP53-mutant breast cancer, the prognosis of patients with high BR serine/threonine kinase 1 expression was significantly improved compared with that in patients with low expression. Finally, cell biology experiments demonstrated that in TP53-mutant breast cancer cells (HCC1937), inhibition of RNF8 significantly inhibited the proliferation of TP53-mutant HCC1937 cells and promoted their apoptosis. The present findings may enrich the understanding of the role of RNF8 and indicated that RNF8 may be used as a potential molecular target in TP53-mutant breast cancer, which may lead to the development of clinical treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232000, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Huainan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College, Huainan, Anhui 232000, P.R. China
| | - Peibin Wang
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232000, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Huainan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College, Huainan, Anhui 232000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Qi Lu
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232000, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Huainan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College, Huainan, Anhui 232000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Kong
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232000, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Huainan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College, Huainan, Anhui 232000, P.R. China
| | - Dongwei Su
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Hengyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Guoping Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Chaoqian Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Götting I, Jendrossek V, Matschke J. A New Twist in Protein Kinase B/Akt Signaling: Role of Altered Cancer Cell Metabolism in Akt-Mediated Therapy Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228563. [PMID: 33202866 PMCID: PMC7697684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and molecular-targeted agents is a major obstacle to successful cancer therapy. Herein, aberrant activation of the phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway is one of the most frequently deregulated pathways in cancer cells and has been associated with multiple aspects of therapy resistance. These include, for example, survival under stress conditions, apoptosis resistance, activation of the cellular response to DNA damage and repair of radiation-induced or chemotherapy-induced DNA damage, particularly DNA double strand breaks (DSB). One further important, yet not much investigated aspect of Akt-dependent signaling is the regulation of cell metabolism. In fact, many Akt target proteins are part of or involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways. Furthermore, recent studies revealed the importance of certain metabolites for protection against therapy-induced cell stress and the repair of therapy-induced DNA damage. Thus far, the likely interaction between deregulated activation of Akt, altered cancer metabolism and therapy resistance is not yet well understood. The present review describes the documented interactions between Akt, its target proteins and cancer cell metabolism, focusing on antioxidant defense and DSB repair. Furthermore, the review highlights potential connections between deregulated Akt, cancer cell metabolism and therapy resistance of cancer cells through altered DSB repair and discusses potential resulting therapeutic implications.
Collapse
|
26
|
Sun J, Zhu Z, Li W, Shen M, Cao C, Sun Q, Guo Z, Liu L, Wu D. UBE2T-regulated H2AX monoubiquitination induces hepatocellular carcinoma radioresistance by facilitating CHK1 activation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:222. [PMID: 33087136 PMCID: PMC7576867 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Radioresistance is the major obstacle in radiation therapy (RT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Dysregulation of DNA damage response (DDR), which includes DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoints activation, leads to radioresistance and limits radiotherapy efficacy in HCC patients. However, the underlying mechanism have not been clearly understood. Methods We obtained 7 pairs of HCC tissues and corresponding non-tumor tissues, and UBE2T was identified as one of the most upregulated genes. The radioresistant role of UBE2T was examined by colony formation assays in vitro and xenograft tumor models in vivo. Comet assay, cell cycle flow cytometry and γH2AX foci measurement were used to investigate the mechanism by which UBE2T mediating DDR. Chromatin fractionation and immunofluorescence staining were used to assess cell cycle checkpoint kinase 1(CHK1) activation. Finally, we analyzed clinical data from HCC patients to verify the function of UBE2T. Results Here, we found that ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T) was upregulated in HCC tissues, and the HCC patients with higher UBE2T levels exhibited poorer outcomes. Functional studies indicated that UBE2T increased HCC radioresistance in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, UBE2T-RNF8, was identified as the E2-E3 pair, physically bonded with and monoubiquitinated histone variant H2AX/γH2AX upon radiation exposure. UBE2T-regulated H2AX/γH2AX monoubiquitination facilitated phosphorylation of CHK1 for activation and CHK1 release from the chromatin to cytosol for degradation. The interruption of UBE2T-mediated monoubiquitination on H2AX/γH2AX, including E2-enzyme-deficient mutation (C86A) of UBE2T and monoubiquitination-site-deficient mutation (K119/120R) of H2AX, cannot effectively activate CHK1. Moreover, genetical and pharmacological inhibition of CHK1 impaired the radioresistant role of UBE2T in HCC. Furthermore, clinical data suggested that the HCC patients with higher UBE2T levels exhibited worse response to radiotherapy. Conclusion Our results revealed a novel role of UBE2T-mediated H2AX/γH2AX monoubiquitination on facilitating cell cycle arrest activation to provide sufficient time for radiation-induced DNA repair, thus conferring HCC radioresistance. This study indicated that disrupting UBE2T-H2AX-CHK1 pathway maybe a promising potential strategy to overcome HCC radioresistance. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s13046-020-01734-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhenru Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mengying Shen
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chuanhui Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qingcan Sun
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zeqin Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li Liu
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Dehua Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Role of RING-Type E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Inflammatory Signalling and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:5310180. [PMID: 32848509 PMCID: PMC7436281 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5310180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a three-step enzymatic cascade for posttranslational protein modification. It includes the ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2), and ubiquitin ligase (E3). RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases catalyse the posttranslational proteolytic and nonproteolytic functions in various physiological and pathological processes, such as inflammation-associated signal transduction. Resulting from the diversity of substrates and functional mechanisms, RING-type ligases regulate microbe recognition and inflammation by being involved in multiple inflammatory signalling pathways. These processes also occur in autoimmune diseases, especially inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To understand the importance of RING-type ligases in inflammation, we have discussed their functional mechanisms in multiple inflammation-associated pathways and correlation between RING-type ligases and IBD. Owing to the limited data on the biology of RING-type ligases, there is an urgent need to analyse their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in IBD in the future.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme 2S Enhances Viral Replication by Inhibiting Type I IFN Production through Recruiting USP15 to Deubiquitinate TBK1. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
29
|
Comprehensive Investigation into the Role of Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme E2S in Melanoma Development. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:374-384. [PMID: 32603752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.05.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (UBE2S) is involved in protein degradation and signal transduction, but its function in the development of melanoma is unclear. We focused on the role of UBE2S in melanoma development both in vitro and in vivo. UBE2S was overexpressed in malignant melanoma cells and tissues, and UBE2S expression was significantly different between tumor node metastasis staging T4 and T1/T2/T3. We designed UBE2S short hairpin RNA (shUBE2S) and transfected it into A375, SK-MEL-28, and MUM-2B cells using lentivirus. By whole-genome filtering, 247 genes and 265 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in shUBE2S-treated melanoma; these genes were mainly involved in immune reactions, apoptosis, DNA damage repair, and cell movement. The proliferation of melanoma cells was inhibited, apoptosis was increased, and cell cycle was arrested in G1/S in shUBE2S-treated melanoma. Expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition-related proteins was significantly suppressed, and tumor growth was also suppressed in shUBE2S BALB/C nude mice. shUBE2S treatment may cause cell cycle arrest in G1/S phase, inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, and suppress tumor growth through DNA damage repair, epithelial to mesenchymal transition inhibition, protein kinase B-mTOR pathway, NF-κB signaling, and immune reactions, which provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of UBE2S in melanoma development and the need for advanced clinical research into UBE2S.
Collapse
|
30
|
Tsai L, Lopezcolorado F, Bhargava R, Mendez-Dorantes C, Jahanshir E, Stark J. RNF8 has both KU-dependent and independent roles in chromosomal break repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:6032-6052. [PMID: 32427332 PMCID: PMC7293022 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal double strand breaks (DSBs) can initiate several signaling events, such as ubiquitination, however the precise influence of such signaling on DSB repair outcomes remains poorly understood. With an RNA interference screen, we found that the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF8 suppresses a deletion rearrangement mediated by canonical non-homologous end joining (C-NHEJ). We also found that RNF8 suppresses EJ without insertion/deletion mutations, which is a hallmark of C-NHEJ. Conversely, RNF8 promotes alternative EJ (ALT-EJ) events involving microhomology that is embedded from the edge of the DSB. These ALT-EJ events likely require limited end resection, whereas RNF8 is not required for single-strand annealing repair involving extensive end resection. Thus, RNF8 appears to specifically facilitate repair events requiring limited end resection, which we find is dependent on the DSB end protection factor KU. However, we also find that RNF8 is important for homology-directed repair (HDR) independently of KU, which appears linked to promoting PALB2 function. Finally, the influence of RNF8 on EJ is distinct from 53BP1 and the ALT-EJ factor, POLQ. We suggest that RNF8 mediates both ALT-EJ and HDR, but via distinct mechanisms, since only the former is dependent on KU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Jillianne Tsai
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | | | - Ragini Bhargava
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Carlos Mendez-Dorantes
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Eva Jahanshir
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jeremy M Stark
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shaler T, Lin H, Bakke J, Chen S, Grover A, Chang P. Particle radiation-induced dysregulation of protein homeostasis in primary human and mouse neuronal cells. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2020; 25:9-17. [PMID: 32414496 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Space particle radiations may cause significant damage to proteins and oxidative stress in the cells within the central nervous system and pose a potential health hazard to humans in long-term manned space explorations. Dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system as evidenced by abnormal accumulation of polyubiquitin (pUb) chain linkages has been implicated in several age-related neurodegenerative disorders by mechanisms that may involve the inter-neuronal spread of toxic misfolded proteins, the induction of chronic neuroinflammation, or the inappropriate inhibition or activation of key enzymes, which could lead to dysfunction in, for example, proteolysis, or the accumulation of post-translationally-modified substrates.In this study, we employed a quantitative proteomics method to evaluate the impact of particle-radiation induced alterations in three major pUb-linked chains at lysine residues Lys-48 (K-48), Lys-63 (K-63), and Lys-11 (K-11), and probed for global proteomic changes in mouse and human neural cells that were irradiated with low doses of 250 MeV proton, 260 MeV/u silicon or 1 GeV/u iron ions. We found significant accumulation in K-48 linkage after 1 Gy protons and K-63 linkage after 0.5 Gy iron ions in human neural cells. Cells derived from different regions of the mouse brain (cortex, striatum and mesencephalon) showed differential sensitivity to particle radiation exposure. Although none of the linkages were altered after proton exposure, both K-48 and K-63 linkages in mouse striatal neuronal cells were elevated after 0.5 Gy of silicon or iron ions. Changes were also seen in proteins commonly used as markers of neural progenitor and stem cells, in DNA binding/damage repair and cellular redox pathways. In contrast, no significant changes were observed at the same time point after proton irradiation. These results suggest that the quality of the particle radiation plays a key role in the level, linkage and cell type specificity of protein homeostasis in key populations of neuronal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Shaler
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025 United States
| | - Hua Lin
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025 United States
| | - James Bakke
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025 United States
| | - Sophia Chen
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025 United States
| | - Amber Grover
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025 United States
| | - Polly Chang
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025 United States.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Takeda M, Tezuka T, Kim M, Choi J, Oichi Y, Kobayashi H, Harada KH, Mizushima T, Taketani S, Koizumi A, Youssefian S. Moyamoya disease patient mutations in the RING domain of RNF213 reduce its ubiquitin ligase activity and enhance NFκB activation and apoptosis in an AAA+ domain-dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:668-674. [PMID: 32139119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a cerebrovascular disease characterized by progressive occlusion of the internal carotid arteries. Genetic studies originally identified RNF213 as an MMD susceptibility gene that encodes a large 591 kDa protein with a functional RING domain and dual AAA+ ATPase domains. As the functions of RNF213 and its relationship to MMD onset are unknown, we set out to characterize the ubiquitin ligase activity of RNF213, and the effects of MMD patient mutations on these activities and on other cellular processes. In vitro ubiquitination assays, using the RNF213 RING domain, identified Ubc13/Uev1A as a key ubiquitin conjugating enzyme that together generate K63-linked polyubiquitin chains. However, nearly all MMD patient mutations in the RING domain greatly reduced this activity. When full-length proteins were overexpressed in HEK293T cells, patient mutations that abolished the ubiquitin ligase activities conversely enhanced nuclear factor κB (NFκB) activation and induced apoptosis accompanied with Caspase-3 activation. These induced activities were dependent on the RNF213 AAA+ domain. Our results suggest that the NFκB- and apoptosis-inducing functions of RNF213 may be negatively regulated by its ubiquitin ligase activity and that disruption of this regulation could contribute towards MMD onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Midori Takeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tohru Tezuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Human Biosciences Unit for the Top Global Course, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Minsoo Kim
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jungmi Choi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Oichi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hatasu Kobayashi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Kouji H Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Shigeru Taketani
- Laboratory of Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Koizumi
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute of Public Health and Welfare Research, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shohab Youssefian
- Laboratory of Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Qin Y, Du J, Fan C. Ube2S regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling and promotes the progression of non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:274-279. [PMID: 32038111 PMCID: PMC6990889 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.40243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2S (Ube2S) plays important roles in cancer development in some malignant tumors. However, the functions and related molecular network of Ube2S in non-small cell lung cancer are not fully understood. In the current study, we examined the expression of Ube2S in non-small cell lung cancer and its clinicopathological significance. We also investigated the molecules and pathways regulated by Ube2S. An immunostaining study showed that the positive rate of Ube2s expression in lung cancer tissues was higher than that in normal lung tissues (p < 0.05). Upregulated Ube2S expression in cancer tissues significantly correlated with clinical progression (TNM III versus I + II), lymph node metastasis, and shorter survival time of the patients (p < 0.05). When Ube2S was overexpressed in A549 cells, the abilities of these cells to proliferate and migrate were increased (p < 0.05). Moreover, Ube2S significantly upregulated the expression of β-catenin, cyclin D1, and MMP7 (novel molecules of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway), and the activity of this pathway (p < 0.05). In addition, a Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor effectively abolished the function of Ube2S. These results indicate that Ube2S may be a novel marker contributing to lung cancer development, possibly through regulating canonical Wnt signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Qin
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, 110001, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, 110001, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuifeng Fan
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, 110001, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
This Outlook discusses Wu et al.’s finding showing Cezanne and Cezanne2, two paralogous deubiquitinating enzymes that are recruited to sites of DNA damage, ensure proper local polyubiquitin chain composition for downstream DNA repair protein assembly. Diverse linkage in polyubiquitin chain structure gives cells an unparalleled complexity to virtually modulate all aspects of cell biology. Substrates can be covalently modified by ubiquitin chains of different topology. Proper DNA damage response takes advantage of this regulatory system and heavily relies on ubiquitin-based signaling. Moreover, increasing evidence suggests that chain specificity dictates DNA repair outcome. In this issue of Genes & Development, Wu and colleagues (pp. 1702–1717) show that Cezanne and Cezanne2, two paralogous deubiquitinating enzymes that are recruited to sites of DNA damage, ensure proper local polyubiquitin chain composition for downstream DNA repair protein assembly. Their study offers a key insight into the mechanism of crosstalk between linkage-specific ubiquitylation at DNA damage sites, while simultaneously raising important questions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Rona
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology.,Perlmutter Cancer Center
| | - Michele Pagano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology.,Perlmutter Cancer Center.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wu X, Liu S, Sagum C, Chen J, Singh R, Chaturvedi A, Horton JR, Kashyap TR, Fushman D, Cheng X, Bedford MT, Wang B. Crosstalk between Lys63- and Lys11-polyubiquitin signaling at DNA damage sites is driven by Cezanne. Genes Dev 2019; 33:1702-1717. [PMID: 31699778 PMCID: PMC6942045 DOI: 10.1101/gad.332395.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of polyubiquitin conjugates with distinct linkages play important roles in the DNA damage response. Much remains unknown about the regulation of linkage-specific ubiquitin signaling at sites of DNA damage. Here we reveal that Cezanne (also known as Otud7B) deubiquitinating enzyme promotes the recruitment of Rap80/BRCA1-A complex by binding to Lys63-polyubiquitin and targeting Lys11-polyubiquitin. Using a ubiquitin binding domain protein array screen, we identify that the UBA domains of Cezanne and Cezanne2 (also known as Otud7A) selectively bind to Lys63-linked polyubiquitin. Increased Lys11-linkage ubiquitination due to lack of Cezanne DUB activity compromises the recruitment of Rap80/BRCA1-A. Cezanne2 interacts with Cezanne, facilitating Cezanne in the recruitment of Rap80/BRCA1-A, Rad18, and 53BP1, in cellular resistance to ionizing radiation and DNA repair. Our work presents a model that Cezanne serves as a "reader" of the Lys63-linkage polyubiquitin at DNA damage sites and an "eraser" of the Lys11-linkage ubiquitination, indicating a crosstalk between linkage-specific ubiquitination at DNA damage sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shichang Liu
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Cari Sagum
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jianji Chen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | - John R Horton
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Tanuja R Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - David Fushman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Genetics and Epigenetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Singh AN, Oehler J, Torrecilla I, Kilgas S, Li S, Vaz B, Guérillon C, Fielden J, Hernandez‐Carralero E, Cabrera E, Tullis IDC, Meerang M, Barber PR, Freire R, Parsons J, Vojnovic B, Kiltie AE, Mailand N, Ramadan K. The p97-Ataxin 3 complex regulates homeostasis of the DNA damage response E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF8. EMBO J 2019; 38:e102361. [PMID: 31613024 PMCID: PMC6826192 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF8 (RING finger protein 8) is a pivotal enzyme for DNA repair. However, RNF8 hyper-accumulation is tumour-promoting and positively correlates with genome instability, cancer cell invasion, metastasis and poor patient prognosis. Very little is known about the mechanisms regulating RNF8 homeostasis to preserve genome stability. Here, we identify the cellular machinery, composed of the p97/VCP ubiquitin-dependent unfoldase/segregase and the Ataxin 3 (ATX3) deubiquitinase, which together form a physical and functional complex with RNF8 to regulate its proteasome-dependent homeostasis under physiological conditions. Under genotoxic stress, when RNF8 is rapidly recruited to sites of DNA lesions, the p97-ATX3 machinery stimulates the extraction of RNF8 from chromatin to balance DNA repair pathway choice and promote cell survival after ionising radiation (IR). Inactivation of the p97-ATX3 complex affects the non-homologous end joining DNA repair pathway and hypersensitises human cancer cells to IR. We propose that the p97-ATX3 complex is the essential machinery for regulation of RNF8 homeostasis under both physiological and genotoxic conditions and that targeting ATX3 may be a promising strategy to radio-sensitise BRCA-deficient cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Narayan Singh
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Judith Oehler
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Present address:
Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Ignacio Torrecilla
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Susan Kilgas
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Shudong Li
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Bruno Vaz
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Claire Guérillon
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein ResearchUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - John Fielden
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Esperanza Hernandez‐Carralero
- Unidad de InvestigaciónHospital Universitario de CanariasLa LagunaSpain
- Instituto de Tecnologías BiomédicasUniversidad de La LagunaLa LagunaSpain
| | - Elisa Cabrera
- Unidad de InvestigaciónHospital Universitario de CanariasLa LagunaSpain
- Instituto de Tecnologías BiomédicasUniversidad de La LagunaLa LagunaSpain
| | - Iain DC Tullis
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Mayura Meerang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology‐Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Present address:
Department of Thoracic SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Paul R Barber
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Raimundo Freire
- Unidad de InvestigaciónHospital Universitario de CanariasLa LagunaSpain
- Instituto de Tecnologías BiomédicasUniversidad de La LagunaLa LagunaSpain
- Universidad Fernando Pessoa CanariasSanta Maria de GuiaSpain
| | - Jason Parsons
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineCancer Research CentreUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Borivoj Vojnovic
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Anne E Kiltie
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Niels Mailand
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein ResearchUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kristijan Ramadan
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Brühl J, Trautwein J, Schäfer A, Linne U, Bouazoune K. The DNA repair protein SHPRH is a nucleosome-stimulated ATPase and a nucleosome-E3 ubiquitin ligase. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:52. [PMID: 31434570 PMCID: PMC6702750 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maintenance of genome integrity during DNA replication is crucial to the perpetuation of all organisms. In eukaryotes, the bypass of DNA lesions by the replication machinery prevents prolonged stalling of the replication fork, which could otherwise lead to greater damages such as gross chromosomal rearrangements. Bypassing DNA lesions and subsequent repair are accomplished by the activation of DNA damage tolerance pathways such as the template switching (TS) pathway. In yeast, the RAD5 (Radiation-sensitive 5) protein plays a crucial role in initiating the TS pathway by catalyzing the polyubiquitination of PCNA (Proliferation Cell Nuclear Antigen). Likewise, one of the mammalian RAD5-homologs, SHPRH (SNF2, histone linker, PHD, RING, helicase) mediates PCNA polyubiquitination. To date, the study of SHPRH enzymatic functions has been limited to this modification. It is therefore unclear how SHPRH carries out its function in DNA repair. Moreover, how this protein regulates gene transcription at the enzymatic level is also unknown. Results Given that SHPRH harbors domains found in chromatin remodeling proteins, we investigated its biochemical properties in the presence of nucleosomal substrates. We find that SHPRH binds equally well to double-stranded (ds) DNA and to nucleosome core particles, however, like ISWI and CHD-family remodelers, SHPRH shows a strong preference for nucleosomes presenting extranucleosomal DNA. Moreover, nucleosomes but not dsDNA strongly stimulate the ATPase activity of SHPRH. Intriguingly, unlike typically observed with SNF2-family enzymes, ATPase activity does not translate into conventional nucleosome remodeling, under standard assay conditions. To test whether SHPRH can act as a ubiquitin E3 ligase for nucleosomes, we performed a screen using 26 E2-conjugating enzymes. We uncover that SHPRH is a potent nucleosome E3-ubiquitin-ligase that can function with at least 7 different E2s. Mass spectrometry analyses of products generated in the presence of the UBE2D1-conjugating enzyme reveal that SHPRH can catalyze the formation of polyubiquitin linkages that are either branched or associated with the recruitment of DNA repair factors, as well as linkages involved in proteasomal degradation. Conclusions We propose that, in addition to polyubiquitinating PCNA, SHPRH promotes DNA repair or transcriptional regulation in part through chromatin ubiquitination. Our study sets a biochemical framework for studying other RAD5- and RAD16-related protein functions through the ubiquitination of nucleosomes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13072-019-0294-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Brühl
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Tumorforschung (IMT), Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Trautwein
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Tumorforschung (IMT), Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Schäfer
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Tumorforschung (IMT), Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Linne
- Fachbereich Chemie und Synmikro, Gerätezentrum Massenspektrometrie und Elementanalaytik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karim Bouazoune
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Tumorforschung (IMT), Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Haq SH, AlAfaleq NO, Johari RA. Vitamin D Treatment Reverses the Induced Oxidative Stress Damage to DNA. Pak J Biol Sci 2019; 22:8-14. [PMID: 30796763 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2019.8.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to investigate in detail the effect of the active metabolite of vitamin D3 [1, 25 (OH)2 D3] in ameliorating the induced oxidative damage to DNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary cortical neuron cultures from one week old Wister rats were set up in sterile conditions. The neuron cultures were maintained for up to 72 h in culture in the presence of varying doses of vitamin D. Cells were exposed to (0.5 mM H2O2) for 2 h prior to collection of condition medium and cell pellet for Biochemical Assays. Control and H2O2 treated cultures were maintained without any treatment with vitamin D. RESULTS Pre-treatment with 0.25 μg mL-1 for 24 and 48 h significantly reduced the oxidative stress. 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine a ubiquitous marker of oxidative stress had also shown to be significantly reduced. The DNA damage marker PolyUB of histones was observed in the neuron treated with H2O2 only. CONCLUSION This study revealed that oxidation of DNA by hydrogen peroxide caused extensive DNA damage, resulting in polyubiquitination of histones. The pre-treatment with vitamin D3 however completely reversed the DNA damage cascade induced by hydrogen peroxide and protected the DNA.
Collapse
|
39
|
Caron P, van der Linden J, van Attikum H. Bon voyage: A transcriptional journey around DNA breaks. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 82:102686. [PMID: 31476573 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) affect chromatin integrity and impact DNA-dependent processes such as transcription. Several studies revealed that the transcription of genes located in close proximity to DSBs is transiently repressed. This is achieved through the establishment of either a transient repressive chromatin context or eviction of the RNA polymerase II complex from the damaged chromatin. While these mechanisms of transcription repression have been shown to affect the efficiency and accuracy of DSB repair, it became evident that the transcriptional state of chromatin before DSB formation also influences this process. Moreover, transcription can be initiated from DSB ends, generating long non-coding (lnc)RNAs that will be processed into sequence-specific double-stranded RNAs. These so-called DNA damage-induced (dd)RNAs dictate DSB repair by regulating the accumulation of DNA repair proteins at DSBs. Thus, a complex interplay between mechanisms of transcription activation and repression occurs at DSBs and affects their repair. Here we review our current understanding of the mechanisms that coordinate transcription and DSB repair to prevent genome instability arising from DNA breaks in transcribed regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Caron
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333ZC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Janette van der Linden
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333ZC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Haico van Attikum
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333ZC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang H, Jin X, Dan H, Chen Q. Histone modifications in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders. Oral Dis 2019; 26:719-732. [PMID: 31056829 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Medicine of Carcinogenesis and Management West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xin Jin
- College of Stomatology Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences Chongqing China
| | - Hongxia Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Medicine of Carcinogenesis and Management West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Medicine of Carcinogenesis and Management West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Caron P, Pankotai T, Wiegant WW, Tollenaere MAX, Furst A, Bonhomme C, Helfricht A, de Groot A, Pastink A, Vertegaal ACO, Luijsterburg MS, Soutoglou E, van Attikum H. WWP2 ubiquitylates RNA polymerase II for DNA-PK-dependent transcription arrest and repair at DNA breaks. Genes Dev 2019; 33:684-704. [PMID: 31048545 PMCID: PMC6546063 DOI: 10.1101/gad.321943.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Here, Caron et al. show that the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 associates with components of the DNA-PK and RNAPII complexes and is recruited to DSBs at RNAPII transcribed genes. Their findings suggest that WWP2 operates in a DNA-PK-dependent shutoff circuitry for RNAPII clearance that promotes DSB repair by protecting the NHEJ machinery from collision with the transcription machinery. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcribed genes lead to inhibition of transcription. The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) complex plays a pivotal role in transcription inhibition at DSBs by stimulating proteasome-dependent eviction of RNAPII at these lesions. How DNA-PK triggers RNAPII eviction to inhibit transcription at DSBs remains unclear. Here we show that the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 associates with components of the DNA-PK and RNAPII complexes and is recruited to DSBs at RNAPII transcribed genes. In response to DSBs, WWP2 targets the RNAPII subunit RPB1 for K48-linked ubiquitylation, thereby driving DNA-PK- and proteasome-dependent eviction of RNAPII. The lack of WWP2 or expression of nonubiquitylatable RPB1 abrogates the binding of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) factors, including DNA-PK and XRCC4/DNA ligase IV, and impairs DSB repair. These findings suggest that WWP2 operates in a DNA-PK-dependent shutoff circuitry for RNAPII clearance that promotes DSB repair by protecting the NHEJ machinery from collision with the transcription machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Caron
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tibor Pankotai
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67404 Illkirch, France.,U1258, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 67404 Illkirch, France.,UMR7104, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Wouter W Wiegant
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maxim A X Tollenaere
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Audrey Furst
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67404 Illkirch, France.,U1258, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 67404 Illkirch, France.,UMR7104, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Celine Bonhomme
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67404 Illkirch, France.,U1258, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 67404 Illkirch, France.,UMR7104, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Angela Helfricht
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton de Groot
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Pastink
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn S Luijsterburg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Evi Soutoglou
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67404 Illkirch, France.,U1258, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 67404 Illkirch, France.,UMR7104, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 67404 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Haico van Attikum
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (UBE2S), a family of E2 protein in the ubiquitination process, is involved in development of various cancers. However, its role in lung adenocarcinoma, has not been well elucidated. In this report, we attempted to investigate expression and function of UBE2S in lung adenocarcinoma. Up-regulation of UBE2S at mRNA, and protein level, was observed in human cancer tissues and lung adenocarcinoma cells. Higher UBE2S expression correlated with poorer prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients. UBE2S expression was efficiently suppressed by lentivirus-mediated shRNA strategy in A549 cells, and UBE2S silencing led to reduced cell proliferation, colony formation, and enhanced apoptosis. Inverse results were observed, in UBE2S over-expressed H1299 cells. Microarray analysis indicated that a large number of genes were regulated by UBE2S, and p53 signaling pathway may be critical, to the role of UBE2S in cancer development. Together, UBE2S could be a potential target for lung adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021; Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhou T, Yi F, Wang Z, Guo Q, Liu J, Bai N, Li X, Dong X, Ren L, Cao L, Song X. The Functions of DNA Damage Factor RNF8 in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:909-918. [PMID: 31182912 PMCID: PMC6535783 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.31972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The really interesting new gene (RING) finger protein 8 (RNF8) is a central factor in DNA double strand break (DSB) signal transduction. DSB damage is the most toxic type of DNA damage to cells and is related to genomic instability. Multiple roles for RNF8 have been identified in DNA damage response as well as in other functions, such as telomere protection, cell cycle control and transcriptional regulation. These functions are closely correlated to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Indeed, deficiency of RNF8 caused spontaneous tumorigenesis in a mouse model. Deciphering these mechanisms of RNF8 may shed light on strategies for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of both classical and nonclassical functions of RNF8, and discuss its roles in the pathogenesis and progression of tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fei Yi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ning Bai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiang Dong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ling Ren
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Clague MJ, Urbé S, Komander D. Breaking the chains: deubiquitylating enzyme specificity begets function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:338-352. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
45
|
Hepatitis C Virus Downregulates Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme E2S Expression To Prevent Proteasomal Degradation of NS5A, Leading to Host Cells More Sensitive to DNA Damage. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01240-18. [PMID: 30381483 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01240-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may cause chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV exploits cellular machineries to establish persistent infection. We demonstrate here that ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (UBE2S), a member of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family (E2s), was downregulated by endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by HCV in Huh7 cells. UBE2S interacted with domain I of HCV NS5A and degraded NS5A protein through the Lys11-linked proteasome-dependent pathway. Overexpression of UBE2S suppressed viral propagation, while depletion of UBE2S expression increased viral infectivity. Enzymatically inactive UBE2S C95A mutant exerted no antiviral activity, suggesting that ubiquitin-conjugating enzymatic activity was required for the suppressive role of UBE2S. Chromatin ubiquitination plays a crucial role in the DNA damage response. We showed that the levels of UBE2S and Lys11 chains bound to the chromatin were markedly decreased in the context of HCV replication, rendering HCV-infected cells more sensitive to DNA damage. These data suggest that HCV counteracts antiviral activity of UBE2S to optimize viral propagation and may contribute to HCV-induced liver pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Protein homeostasis is essential to normal cell function. HCV infection disturbs the protein homeostasis in the host cells. Therefore, host cells exert an anti-HCV activity in order to maintain normal cellular metabolism. We showed that UBE2S interacted with HCV NS5A and degraded NS5A protein through the Lys11-linked proteasome-dependent pathway. However, HCV has evolved to overcome host antiviral activity. We demonstrated that the UBE2S expression level was suppressed in HCV-infected cells. Since UBE2S is an ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and this enzyme activity is involved in DNA damage repair, HCV-infected cells are more sensitive to DNA damage, and thus UBE2S may contribute to viral oncogenesis.
Collapse
|
46
|
Rona G, Roberti D, Yin Y, Pagan JK, Homer H, Sassani E, Zeke A, Busino L, Rothenberg E, Pagano M. PARP1-dependent recruitment of the FBXL10-RNF68-RNF2 ubiquitin ligase to sites of DNA damage controls H2A.Z loading. eLife 2018; 7:38771. [PMID: 29985131 PMCID: PMC6037479 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian FBXL10-RNF68-RNF2 ubiquitin ligase complex (FRRUC) mono-ubiquitylates H2A at Lys119 to repress transcription in unstressed cells. We found that the FRRUC is rapidly and transiently recruited to sites of DNA damage in a PARP1- and TIMELESS-dependent manner to promote mono-ubiquitylation of H2A at Lys119, a local decrease of H2A levels, and an increase of H2A.Z incorporation. Both the FRRUC and H2A.Z promote transcriptional repression, double strand break signaling, and homologous recombination repair (HRR). All these events require both the presence and activity of the FRRUC. Moreover, the FRRUC and its activity are required for the proper recruitment of BMI1-RNF2 and MEL18-RNF2, two other ubiquitin ligases that mono-ubiquitylate Lys119 in H2A upon genotoxic stress. Notably, whereas H2A.Z is not required for H2A mono-ubiquitylation, impairment of the latter results in the inhibition of H2A.Z incorporation. We propose that the recruitment of the FRRUC represents an early and critical regulatory step in HRR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Rona
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Domenico Roberti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Yandong Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Julia K Pagan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Harrison Homer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Elizabeth Sassani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Andras Zeke
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luca Busino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Michele Pagano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pan YH, Yang M, Liu LP, Wu DC, Li MY, Su SG. UBE2S enhances the ubiquitination of p53 and exerts oncogenic activities in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:895-902. [PMID: 29928880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (UBE2S) plays pivotal roles in the progression of human cancers. However, its clinical significance and role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown. Here, we show that UBE2S is upregulated in HCC and exhibits oncogenic activities via enhancing the ubiquitination of p53. Increased expression of UBE2S was significantly correlated with higher serum AFP level, higher pathological grade, advanced TNM stage, larger tumor size, vascular invasion and unfavorable patient survivals in two independent cohorts containing a total of 845 patients with HCC. Multivariate analyses by cox regression model suggested UBE2S as an independent factor for overall survival. In vitro experiments demonstrated that UBE2S overexpression promoted, whereas UBE2S knockdown suppressed cell proliferation and migration via modulation of p53 signaling pathway. Ectopic expression of UBE2S upregulated the expression of p53 and its downstream effectors, such as p21 and Cyclin D1. Mechanistically, UBE2S enhanced the ubiquitination of p53 protein to facilitate its degradation in HCC cells. Re-expression of p53 partially attenuated the UBE2S-promoted malignant phenotypes. Collectively, our study provides compelling evidence that UBE2S is a potential prognostic factor and functions as an oncogene in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hua Pan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dan-Chun Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Yue Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shu-Guang Su
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hexian Memorial Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Szymonowicz K, Oeck S, Malewicz NM, Jendrossek V. New Insights into Protein Kinase B/Akt Signaling: Role of Localized Akt Activation and Compartment-Specific Target Proteins for the Cellular Radiation Response. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10030078. [PMID: 29562639 PMCID: PMC5876653 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations driving aberrant activation of the survival kinase Protein Kinase B (Akt) are observed with high frequency during malignant transformation and cancer progression. Oncogenic gene mutations coding for the upstream regulators or Akt, e.g., growth factor receptors, RAS and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), or for one of the three Akt isoforms as well as loss of the tumor suppressor Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog on Chromosome Ten (PTEN) lead to constitutive activation of Akt. By activating Akt, these genetic alterations not only promote growth, proliferation and malignant behavior of cancer cells by phosphorylation of various downstream signaling molecules and signaling nodes but can also contribute to chemo- and radioresistance in many types of tumors. Here we review current knowledge on the mechanisms dictating Akt’s activation and target selection including the involvement of miRNAs and with focus on compartmentalization of the signaling network. Moreover, we discuss recent advances in the cross-talk with DNA damage response highlighting nuclear Akt target proteins with potential involvement in the regulation of DNA double strand break repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Szymonowicz
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Oeck
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, 45122 Essen, Germany.
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Nathalie M Malewicz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Post-Translational Modifications of H2A Histone Variants and Their Role in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10030059. [PMID: 29495465 PMCID: PMC5876634 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone variants are chromatin components that replace replication-coupled histones in a fraction of nucleosomes and confer particular characteristics to chromatin. H2A variants represent the most numerous and diverse group among histone protein families. In the nucleosomal structure, H2A-H2B dimers can be removed and exchanged more easily than the stable H3-H4 core. The unstructured N-terminal histone tails of all histones, but also the C-terminal tails of H2A histones protrude out of the compact structure of the nucleosome core. These accessible tails are the preferential target sites for a large number of post-translational modifications (PTMs). While some PTMs are shared between replication-coupled H2A and H2A variants, many modifications are limited to a specific histone variant. The present review focuses on the H2A variants H2A.Z, H2A.X, and macroH2A, and summarizes their functions in chromatin and how these are linked to cancer development and progression. H2A.Z primarily acts as an oncogene and macroH2A and H2A.X as tumour suppressors. We further focus on the regulation by PTMs, which helps to understand a degree of context dependency.
Collapse
|