1
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Kaur A, Venkatesan A, Kandarpa M, Talpaz M, Raghavan M. Lysosomal degradation targets mutant calreticulin and the thrombopoietin receptor in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood Adv 2024; 8:3372-3387. [PMID: 38640435 PMCID: PMC11255115 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Somatic mutants of calreticulin (CRT) drive myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) via binding to the thrombopoietin receptor (MPL) and aberrant activation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Compared with healthy donors, platelets from mutant CRT-expressing patients with MPN display low cell surface MPL. Additionally, coexpression of MPL with an MPN-linked CRT mutant (CRTDel52) reduces cell surface MPL, suggesting that CRTDel52 may induce MPL degradation. We show that lysosomal degradation is relevant to the turnover of CRTDel52 and MPL. Furthermore, CRTDel52 increases the lysosomal localization and degradation of MPL. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors reduce cellular CRTDel52 and MPL, secreted CRTDel52 levels, and impair CRTDel52-mediated cell proliferation. mTOR inhibition also reduces colony formation and differentiation of CD34+ cells from patients with MPN but not from healthy donors. Together, these findings indicate that low-surface MPL is a biomarker of mutant CRT-mediated MPN and that induced degradation of CRTDel52 and MPL is an avenue for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanpreet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Arunkumar Venkatesan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Malathi Kandarpa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Moshe Talpaz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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2
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Xiao L, Zhang L, Guo C, Xin Q, Gu X, Jiang C, Wu J. "Find Me" and "Eat Me" signals: tools to drive phagocytic processes for modulating antitumor immunity. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:791-832. [PMID: 38923737 PMCID: PMC11260773 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis, a vital defense mechanism, involves the recognition and elimination of foreign substances by cells. Phagocytes, such as neutrophils and macrophages, rapidly respond to invaders; macrophages are especially important in later stages of the immune response. They detect "find me" signals to locate apoptotic cells and migrate toward them. Apoptotic cells then send "eat me" signals that are recognized by phagocytes via specific receptors. "Find me" and "eat me" signals can be strategically harnessed to modulate antitumor immunity in support of cancer therapy. These signals, such as calreticulin and phosphatidylserine, mediate potent pro-phagocytic effects, thereby promoting the engulfment of dying cells or their remnants by macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells and inducing tumor cell death. This review summarizes the phagocytic "find me" and "eat me" signals, including their concepts, signaling mechanisms, involved ligands, and functions. Furthermore, we delineate the relationships between "find me" and "eat me" signaling molecules and tumors, especially the roles of these molecules in tumor initiation, progression, diagnosis, and patient prognosis. The interplay of these signals with tumor biology is elucidated, and specific approaches to modulate "find me" and "eat me" signals and enhance antitumor immunity are explored. Additionally, novel therapeutic strategies that combine "find me" and "eat me" signals to better bridge innate and adaptive immunity in the treatment of cancer patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Louqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Ciliang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Qilei Xin
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanShandongP. R. China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanShandongP. R. China
| | - Chunping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanShandongP. R. China
| | - Junhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanShandongP. R. China
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3
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Zhou Z, Mai Y, Zhang G, Wang Y, Sun P, Jing Z, Li Z, Xu Y, Han B, Liu J. Emerging role of immunogenic cell death in cancer immunotherapy: Advancing next-generation CAR-T cell immunotherapy by combination. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217079. [PMID: 38936505 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a stress-driven form of regulated cell death (RCD) in which dying tumor cells' specific signaling pathways are activated to release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), leading to the robust anti-tumor immune response as well as a reversal of the tumor immune microenvironment from "cold" to "hot". Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, as a landmark in anti-tumor immunotherapy, plays a formidable role in hematologic malignancies but falls short in solid tumors. The Gordian knot of CAR-T cells for solid tumors includes but is not limited to, tumor antigen heterogeneity or absence, physical and immune barriers of tumors. The combination of ICD induction therapy and CAR-T cell immunotherapy is expected to promote the intensive use of CAR-T cell in solid tumors. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of ICD, stress-responsive mechanism, and the synergistic effect of various ICD-based therapies with CAR-T cells to effectively improve anti-tumor capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokai Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yumiao Mai
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Pan Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zhaohe Jing
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zhengrui Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yudi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
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4
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Galluzzi L, Guilbaud E, Schmidt D, Kroemer G, Marincola FM. Targeting immunogenic cell stress and death for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:445-460. [PMID: 38622310 PMCID: PMC11153000 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-024-00920-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD), which results from insufficient cellular adaptation to specific stressors, occupies a central position in the development of novel anticancer treatments. Several therapeutic strategies to elicit ICD - either as standalone approaches or as means to convert immunologically cold tumours that are insensitive to immunotherapy into hot and immunotherapy-sensitive lesions - are being actively pursued. However, the development of ICD-inducing treatments is hindered by various obstacles. Some of these relate to the intrinsic complexity of cancer cell biology, whereas others arise from the use of conventional therapeutic strategies that were developed according to immune-agnostic principles. Moreover, current discovery platforms for the development of novel ICD inducers suffer from limitations that must be addressed to improve bench-to-bedside translational efforts. An improved appreciation of the conceptual difference between key factors that discriminate distinct forms of cell death will assist the design of clinically viable ICD inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Emma Guilbaud
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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Wang ZQ, Qu TR, Zhang ZS, Zeng FS, Song HJ, Zhang K, Guo P, Tong Z, Hou DY, Liu X, Wang L, Wang H, Xu W. A Transformable Specific-Responsive Peptide for One-Step Synergistic Therapy of Bladder Cancer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310416. [PMID: 38660815 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Synergistic therapy has shown greater advantages compared with monotherapy. However, the complex multiple-administration plan and potential side effects limit its clinical application. A transformable specific-responsive peptide (TSRP) is utilized to one-step achieve synergistic therapy integrating anti-tumor, anti-angiogenesis and immune response. The TSRP is composed of: i) Recognition unit could specifically target and inhibit the biological function of FGFR-1; ii) Transformable unit could self-assembly and trigger nanofibers formation; iii) Reactive unit could specifically cleaved by MMP-2/9 in tumor micro-environment; iv) Immune unit, stimulate the release of immune cells when LTX-315 (Immune-associated oncolytic peptide) exposed. Once its binding to FGFR-1, the TSRP could cleaved by MMP-2/9 to form the nanofibers on the cell membrane, with a retention time of up to 12 h. Through suppressing the phosphorylation levels of ERK 1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways downstream of FGFR-1, the TSRP significant inhibit the growth of tumor cells and the formation of angioginesis. Furthermore, LTX-315 is exposed after TSRP cleavage, resulting in Calreticulin activation and CD8+ T cells infiltration. All above processes together contribute to the increasing survival rate of tumor-bearing mice by nearly 4-folds. This work presented a unique design for the biological application of one-step synergistic therapy of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qi Wang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Tian-Rui Qu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Department of Urology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhi-Shuai Zhang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Fan-Shu Zeng
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Department of Urology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hong-Jian Song
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Pengyu Guo
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhichao Tong
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Department of Urology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Da-Yong Hou
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lu Wang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Department of Urology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hao Wang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wanhai Xu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
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Cifric S, Turi M, Folino P, Clericuzio C, Barello F, Maciel T, Anderson KC, Gulla A. DAMPening Tumor Immune Escape: The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperones in Immunogenic Chemotherapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 38366728 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2024.0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Preclinical and clinical research in the past two decades has redefined the mechanism of action of some chemotherapeutics that are able to activate the immune system against cancer when cell death is perceived by the immune cells. This immunogenic cell death (ICD) activates antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells to induce immune-mediated tumor clearance. One of the key requirements to achieve this effect is the externalization of the damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), molecules released or exposed by cancer cells during ICD that increase the visibility of the cancer cells by the immune system. Recent Advances: In this review, we focus on the role of calreticulin (CRT) and other endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones, such as the heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and the protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), as surface-exposed DAMPs. Once exposed on the cell membrane, these proteins shift their role from that of ER chaperone and regulator of Ca2+ and protein homeostasis to act as an immunogenic signal for APCs, driving dendritic cell (DC)-mediated phagocytosis and T-mediated antitumor response. Critical Issues: However, cancer cells exploit several mechanisms of resistance to immune attack, including subverting the exposure of ER chaperones on their surface to avoid immune recognition. Future Directions: Overcoming these mechanisms of resistance represents a potential therapeutic opportunity to improve cancer treatment effectiveness and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Cifric
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcello Turi
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Pietro Folino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cole Clericuzio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Tallya Maciel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kroemer G, Chan TA, Eggermont AMM, Galluzzi L. Immunosurveillance in clinical cancer management. CA Cancer J Clin 2024; 74:187-202. [PMID: 37880100 PMCID: PMC10939974 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of cancer involves a critical step in which malignant cells escape from control by the immune system. Antineoplastic agents are particularly efficient when they succeed in restoring such control (immunosurveillance) or at least establish an equilibrium state that slows down disease progression. This is true not only for immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), but also for conventional chemotherapy, targeted anticancer agents, and radiation therapy. Thus, therapeutics that stress and kill cancer cells while provoking a tumor-targeting immune response, referred to as immunogenic cell death, are particularly useful in combination with ICIs. Modern oncology regimens are increasingly using such combinations, which are referred to as chemoimmunotherapy, as well as combinations of multiple ICIs. However, the latter are generally associated with severe side effects compared with single-agent ICIs. Of note, the success of these combinatorial strategies against locally advanced or metastatic cancers is now spurring successful attempts to move them past the postoperative (adjuvant) setting to the preoperative (neoadjuvant) setting, even for patients with operable cancers. Here, the authors critically discuss the importance of immunosurveillance in modern clinical cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France; Institut du Cancer Paris Carpem, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Timothy A. Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alexander M. M. Eggermont
- University Medical Center Utrecht & Princess Maxima Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Comprehensive Cancer Center München, Technical University München & Ludwig Maximilian University, München, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Liu P, Zhao L, Zitvogel L, Kepp O, Kroemer G. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) enhancers-Drugs that enhance the perception of ICD by dendritic cells. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:7-19. [PMID: 37596984 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The search for immunostimulatory drugs applicable to cancer immunotherapy may profit from target-agnostic methods in which agents are screened for their functional impact on immune cells cultured in vitro without any preconceived idea on their mode of action. We have built a synthetic mini-immune system in which stressed and dying cancer cells (derived from standardized cell lines) are confronted with dendritic cells (DCs, derived from immortalized precursors) and CD8+ T-cell hybridoma cells expressing a defined T-cell receptor. Using this system, we can identify three types of immunostimulatory drugs: (i) pharmacological agents that stimulate immunogenic cell death (ICD) of malignant cells; (ii) drugs that act on DCs to enhance their response to ICD; and (iii) drugs that act on T cells to increase their effector function. Here, we focus on strategies to develop drugs that enhance the perception of ICD by DCs and to which we refer as "ICD enhancers." We discuss examples of ICD enhancers, including ligands of pattern recognition receptors (exemplified by TLR3 ligands that correct the deficient function of DCs lacking FPR1) and immunometabolic modifiers (exemplified by hexokinase-2 inhibitors), as well as methods for target deconvolution applicable to the mechanistic characterization of ICD enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, ClinicObiome, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Department of Biology, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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9
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Van der Meeren L, Efimova I, Demuynck R, Parakhonskiy B, Krysko DV, Skirtach AG. Mechanobiology of Ferroptotic Cancer Cells as a Novel "Eat-Me" Signal: Regulating Efferocytosis through Layer-by-Layer Coating. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301025. [PMID: 37273241 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the clearance of dead cells is shown to have a regulatory role for normal tissue homeostasis and for the modulation of immune responses. However, how mechanobiological properties of dead cells affect efferocytosis remains largely unknown. Here, it is reported that the Young's modulus of cancer cells undergoing ferroptosis is reduced. To modulate their Young's modulus a layer-by-layer (LbL) nanocoating is developed. Scanning electron and fluorescence microscopy confirm coating efficiency of ferroptotic cells while atomic force microscopy reveals encapsulation of the dead cells increases their Young's modulus dependent on the number of applied LbL layers which increases their efferocytosis by primary macrophages. This work demonstrates the crucial role of mechanobiology of dead cells in regulating their efferocytosis by macrophages which can be exploited for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for diseases where modulation of efferocytosis can be potentially beneficial and for the design of drug delivery systems for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Van der Meeren
- Nano-BioTechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Iuliia Efimova
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Robin Demuynck
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Bogdan Parakhonskiy
- Nano-BioTechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Andre G Skirtach
- Nano-BioTechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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10
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Elgohary S, Eissa RA, El Tayebi HM. Thymoquinone, a Novel Multi-Strike Inhibitor of Pro-Tumorigenic Breast Cancer (BC) Markers: CALR, NLRP3 Pathway and sPD-L1 in PBMCs of HR+ and TNBC Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14254. [PMID: 37762557 PMCID: PMC10531892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is not only a mass of malignant cells but also a systemic inflammatory disease. BC pro-tumorigenic inflammation has been shown to promote immune evasion and provoke BC progression. The NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is activated when pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) sense danger signals such as calreticulin (CALR) from damaged/dying cells, leading to the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). CALR is a novel BC biological marker, and its high levels are associated with advanced tumors. NLRP3 expression is strongly correlated with an elevated proliferative index Ki67, BC progression, metastasis, and recurrence in patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and triple-negative BC (TNBC). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) secrete high levels of IL-1β promoting endocrine resistance in HR+ BC. Recently, an immunosuppressive soluble form of programmed death ligand 1 (sPD-L1) has been identified as a novel prognostic biomarker in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Interestingly, IL-1β induces sPD-L1 release. BC Patients with elevated IL-1β and sPD-L1 levels show significantly short progression-free survival. For the first time, this study aims to investigate the inhibitory impact of thymoquinone (TQ) on CALR, the NLRP3 pathway and sPD-L1 in HR+ and TNBC. Blood samples were collected from 45 patients with BC. The effect of differing TQ concentrations for different durations on the expression of CALR, NLRP3 complex components and IL-1β as well as the protein levels of sPD-L1 and IL-1β were investigated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and TAMs of TNBC and HR+ BC patients, respectively. The findings showed that TQ significantly downregulated the expression of CALR, NLRP3 components and IL-1β together with the protein levels of secreted IL-1β and sPD-L1. The current findings demonstrated novel immunomodulatory effects of TQ, highlighting its potential role not only as an excellent adjuvant but also as a possible immunotherapeutic agent in HR+ and TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Elgohary
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Reda A. Eissa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt;
| | - Hend M. El Tayebi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
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11
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Kramer F, Mullally A. Antibody targeting of mutant calreticulin in myeloproliferative neoplasms. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 28:e17896. [PMID: 37551061 PMCID: PMC10902560 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in calreticulin are one of the key disease-initiating mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). In MPN, mutant calreticulin translates with a novel C-terminus that leads to aberrant binding to the extracellular domain of the thrombopoietin receptor, MPL. This cell surface neoantigen has become an attractive target for immunological intervention. Here, we summarize recent advances in the development of mutant calreticulin targeting antibodies as a novel therapeutic approach in MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Kramer
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ann Mullally
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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12
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Michalak M. Calreticulin: Endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ gatekeeper. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 28:e17839. [PMID: 37424156 PMCID: PMC10902585 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal Ca2+ is vital for the function of the ER and regulates many cellular processes. Calreticulin is a highly conserved, ER-resident Ca2+ binding protein and lectin-like chaperone. Over four decades of studying calreticulin demonstrate that this protein plays a crucial role in maintaining Ca2+ supply under different physiological conditions, in managing access to Ca2+ and how Ca2+ is used depending on the environmental events and in making sure that Ca2+ is not misused. Calreticulin plays a role of ER luminal Ca2+ sensor to manage Ca2+ -dependent ER luminal events including maintaining interaction with its partners, Ca2+ handling molecules, substrates and stress sensors. The protein is strategically positioned in the lumen of the ER from where the protein manages access to and distribution of Ca2+ for many cellular Ca2+ -signalling events. The importance of calreticulin Ca2+ pool extends beyond the ER and includes influence of cellular processes involved in many aspects of cellular pathophysiology. Abnormal handling of the ER Ca2+ contributes to many pathologies from heart failure to neurodegeneration and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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13
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Coulet M, Lachkar S, Leduc M, Trombe M, Gouveia Z, Perez F, Kepp O, Kroemer G, Basmaciogullari S. Identification of Small Molecules Affecting the Secretion of Therapeutic Antibodies with the Retention Using Selective Hook (RUSH) System. Cells 2023; 12:1642. [PMID: 37371112 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlocking cell secretion capacity is of paramount interest for the pharmaceutical industry focused on biologics. Here, we leveraged retention using a selective hook (RUSH) system for the identification of human osteosarcoma U2OS cell secretion modulators, through automated, high-throughput screening of small compound libraries. We created a U2OS cell line which co-expresses a variant of streptavidin addressed to the lumen-facing membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and a recombinant anti-PD-L1 antibody. The heavy chain of the antibody was modified at its C-terminus, to which a furin cleavage site, a green fluorescent protein (GFP), and a streptavidin binding peptide (SBP) were added. We show that the U2OS cell line stably expresses the streptavidin hook and the recombinant antibody bait, which is retained in the ER through the streptavidin-SBP interaction. We further document that the addition of biotin to the culture medium triggers the antibody release from the ER, its trafficking through the Golgi where the GFP-SBP moiety is clipped off, and eventually its release in the extra cellular space, with specific antigen-binding properties. The use of this clone in screening campaigns led to the identification of lycorine as a secretion enhancer, and nigericin and tyrphostin AG-879 as secretion inhibitors. Altogether, our data support the utility of this approach for the identification of agents that could be used to improve recombinant production yields and also for a better understanding of the regulatory mechanism at work in the conventional secretion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Coulet
- Sanofi R&D, 94400 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800 Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Lachkar
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800 Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Marion Leduc
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800 Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - Zelia Gouveia
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Franck Perez
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800 Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94800 Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, 75006 Paris, France
- Department of Biology, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
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14
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Sprooten J, Laureano RS, Vanmeerbeek I, Govaerts J, Naulaerts S, Borras DM, Kinget L, Fucíková J, Špíšek R, Jelínková LP, Kepp O, Kroemer G, Krysko DV, Coosemans A, Vaes RD, De Ruysscher D, De Vleeschouwer S, Wauters E, Smits E, Tejpar S, Beuselinck B, Hatse S, Wildiers H, Clement PM, Vandenabeele P, Zitvogel L, Garg AD. Trial watch: chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death in oncology. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2219591. [PMID: 37284695 PMCID: PMC10240992 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2219591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) refers to an immunologically distinct process of regulated cell death that activates, rather than suppresses, innate and adaptive immune responses. Such responses culminate into T cell-driven immunity against antigens derived from dying cancer cells. The potency of ICD is dependent on the immunogenicity of dying cells as defined by the antigenicity of these cells and their ability to expose immunostimulatory molecules like damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cytokines like type I interferons (IFNs). Moreover, it is crucial that the host's immune system can adequately detect the antigenicity and adjuvanticity of these dying cells. Over the years, several well-known chemotherapies have been validated as potent ICD inducers, including (but not limited to) anthracyclines, paclitaxels, and oxaliplatin. Such ICD-inducing chemotherapeutic drugs can serve as important combinatorial partners for anti-cancer immunotherapies against highly immuno-resistant tumors. In this Trial Watch, we describe current trends in the preclinical and clinical integration of ICD-inducing chemotherapy in the existing immuno-oncological paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sprooten
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raquel S. Laureano
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isaure Vanmeerbeek
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jannes Govaerts
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Naulaerts
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel M. Borras
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Kinget
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jitka Fucíková
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Špíšek
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Palová Jelínková
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Liguecontre le Cancer, Université de Paris, sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Liguecontre le Cancer, Université de Paris, sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Paris, France
| | - Dmitri V. Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Insitute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Coosemans
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rianne D.W. Vaes
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk De Ruysscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven De Vleeschouwer
- Department Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department Neuroscience, Laboratory for Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Wauters
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (Breathe), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, Katholiek Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Cell Death and Inflammation Unit, VIB-Ugent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benoit Beuselinck
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Hatse
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul M. Clement
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Cell Death and Inflammation Unit, VIB-Ugent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Tumour Immunology and Immunotherapy of Cancer, European Academy of Tumor Immunology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Abhishek D. Garg
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Papadopoulos N, Nédélec A, Derenne A, Şulea TA, Pecquet C, Chachoua I, Vertenoeil G, Tilmant T, Petrescu AJ, Mazzucchelli G, Iorga BI, Vertommen D, Constantinescu SN. Oncogenic CALR mutant C-terminus mediates dual binding to the thrombopoietin receptor triggering complex dimerization and activation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1881. [PMID: 37019903 PMCID: PMC10076285 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR) frameshift mutations represent the second cause of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). In healthy cells, CALR transiently and non-specifically interacts with immature N-glycosylated proteins through its N-terminal domain. Conversely, CALR frameshift mutants turn into rogue cytokines by stably and specifically interacting with the Thrombopoietin Receptor (TpoR), inducing its constitutive activation. Here, we identify the basis of the acquired specificity of CALR mutants for TpoR and define the mechanisms by which complex formation triggers TpoR dimerization and activation. Our work reveals that CALR mutant C-terminus unmasks CALR N-terminal domain, rendering it more accessible to bind immature N-glycans on TpoR. We further find that the basic mutant C-terminus is partially α-helical and define how its α-helical segment concomitantly binds acidic patches of TpoR extracellular domain and induces dimerization of both CALR mutant and TpoR. Finally, we propose a model of the tetrameric TpoR-CALR mutant complex and identify potentially targetable sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Papadopoulos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Université catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Nédélec
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Université catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Allison Derenne
- Spectralys Biotech SRL, rue Auguste Piccard 48, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Teodor Asvadur Şulea
- Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 296, Bucharest, 060031, Romania
| | - Christian Pecquet
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Université catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilyas Chachoua
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Université catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gaëlle Vertenoeil
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Université catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Tilmant
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit, Universiy of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Andrei-Jose Petrescu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 296, Bucharest, 060031, Romania
| | - Gabriel Mazzucchelli
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit, Universiy of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bogdan I Iorga
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Didier Vertommen
- Université catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- de Duve Institute and MASSPROT platform, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan N Constantinescu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
- Université catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium.
- Walloon Excelence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO, avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300, Wavre, Belgium.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
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16
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Desikan H, Kaur A, Pogozheva ID, Raghavan M. Effects of calreticulin mutations on cell transformation and immunity. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:1032-1044. [PMID: 36916035 PMCID: PMC10098294 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are cancers involving dysregulated production and function of myeloid lineage hematopoietic cells. Among MPNs, Essential thrombocythemia (ET), Polycythemia Vera (PV) and Myelofibrosis (MF), are driven by mutations that activate the JAK-STAT signalling pathway. Somatic mutations of calreticulin (CRT), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized lectin chaperone, are driver mutations in approximately 25% of ET and 35% of MF patients. The MPN-linked mutant CRT proteins have novel frameshifted carboxy-domain sequences and lack an ER retention motif, resulting in their secretion. Wild type CRT is a regulator of ER calcium homeostasis and plays a key role in the assembly of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, which are the ligands for antigen receptors of CD8+ T cells. Mutant CRT-linked oncogenesis results from the dysregulation of calcium signalling in cells and the formation of stable complexes of mutant CRT with myeloproliferative leukemia (MPL) protein, followed by downstream activation of the JAK-STAT signalling pathway. The intricate participation of CRT in ER protein folding, calcium homeostasis and immunity suggests the involvement of multiple mechanisms of mutant CRT-linked oncogenesis. In this review, we highlight recent findings related to the role of MPN-linked CRT mutations in the dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, MPL activation and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Desikan
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Irina D. Pogozheva
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryCollege of Pharmacy, University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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17
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Kyllesbech C, Trier N, Mughal F, Hansen P, Holmström M, El Fassi D, Hasselbalch H, Skov V, Kjær L, Andersen M, Ciplys E, Slibinskas R, Frederiksen J, Højrup P, Houen G. Antibodies to calnexin and mutated calreticulin are common in human sera. Curr Res Transl Med 2023; 71:103380. [PMID: 36738659 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2023.103380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Calreticulin is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein, which is involved in protein folding and in peptide loading of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules together with its homolog calnexin. Mutated calreticulin is associated with a group of hemopoietic disorders, especially myeloproliferative neoplasms. Currently only the cellular immune response to mutated calreticulin has been described, although preliminary findings have indicated that antibodies to mutated calreticulin are not specific for myeloproliferative disorders. These findings have prompted us to characterize the humoral immune response to mutated calreticulin and its chaperone homologue calnexin. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed sera from myeloproliferative neoplasm patients, healthy donors and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients for the occurrence of autoantibodies to wild type and mutated calreticulin forms and to calnexin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Antibodies to mutated calreticulin and calnexin were present at similar levels in serum samples of myeloproliferative neoplasm and multiple sclerosis patients as well as healthy donors. Moreover, a high correlation between antibodies to mutated calreticulin and calnexin was seen for all patient and control groups. Epitope binding studies indicated that cross-reactive antibodies bound to a three-dimensional epitope encompassing a short linear sequence in the C-terminal of mutated calreticulin and calnexin. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings indicate that calreticulin mutations may be common and not necessarily lead to onset of myeloproliferative neoplasm, possibly due to elimination of cells with mutations. This, in turn, may suggest that additional molecular changes may be required for development of myeloproliferative neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kyllesbech
- Department of Neurology, Valdemar Hansens vej 23, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M, Denmark
| | - N Trier
- Department of Neurology, Valdemar Hansens vej 23, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - F Mughal
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - P Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - M Holmström
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 25C, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D El Fassi
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - H Hasselbalch
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Sygehusvej 10, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - V Skov
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Sygehusvej 10, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - L Kjær
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Sygehusvej 10, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - M Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Ciplys
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Vilnius, Sauletékio al. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - R Slibinskas
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Vilnius, Sauletékio al. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - J Frederiksen
- Department of Neurology, Valdemar Hansens vej 23, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - P Højrup
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M, Denmark
| | - G Houen
- Department of Neurology, Valdemar Hansens vej 23, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M, Denmark.
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18
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Melo-Cardenas J, Crispino JD. CALR goes rogue. Blood 2023; 141:818-820. [PMID: 36821187 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
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19
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Pecquet C, Papadopoulos N, Balligand T, Chachoua I, Tisserand A, Vertenoeil G, Nédélec A, Vertommen D, Roy A, Marty C, Nivarthi H, Defour JP, El-Khoury M, Hug E, Majoros A, Xu E, Zagrijtschuk O, Fertig TE, Marta DS, Gisslinger H, Gisslinger B, Schalling M, Casetti I, Rumi E, Pietra D, Cavalloni C, Arcaini L, Cazzola M, Komatsu N, Kihara Y, Sunami Y, Edahiro Y, Araki M, Lesyk R, Buxhofer-Ausch V, Heibl S, Pasquier F, Havelange V, Plo I, Vainchenker W, Kralovics R, Constantinescu SN. Secreted mutant calreticulins as rogue cytokines in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood 2023; 141:917-929. [PMID: 36356299 PMCID: PMC10651872 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant calreticulin (CALR) proteins resulting from a -1/+2 frameshifting mutation of the CALR exon 9 carry a novel C-terminal amino acid sequence and drive the development of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Mutant CALRs were shown to interact with and activate the thrombopoietin receptor (TpoR/MPL) in the same cell. We report that mutant CALR proteins are secreted and can be found in patient plasma at levels up to 160 ng/mL, with a mean of 25.64 ng/mL. Plasma mutant CALR is found in complex with soluble transferrin receptor 1 (sTFR1) that acts as a carrier protein and increases mutant CALR half-life. Recombinant mutant CALR proteins bound and activated the TpoR in cell lines and primary megakaryocytic progenitors from patients with mutated CALR in which they drive thrombopoietin-independent colony formation. Importantly, the CALR-sTFR1 complex remains functional for TpoR activation. By bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assay, we show that mutant CALR proteins produced in 1 cell can specifically interact in trans with the TpoR on a target cell. In comparison with cells that only carry TpoR, cells that carry both TpoR and mutant CALR are hypersensitive to exogenous mutant CALR proteins and respond to levels of mutant CALR proteins similar to those in patient plasma. This is consistent with CALR-mutated cells that expose TpoR carrying immature N-linked sugars at the cell surface. Thus, secreted mutant CALR proteins will act more specifically on the MPN clone. In conclusion, a chaperone, CALR, can turn into a rogue cytokine through somatic mutation of its encoding gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pecquet
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, SIGN Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Papadopoulos
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, SIGN Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Balligand
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, SIGN Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilyas Chachoua
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, SIGN Unit, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Amandine Tisserand
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Cité, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Gaëlle Vertenoeil
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, SIGN Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Nédélec
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, SIGN Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Vertommen
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, SIGN Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anita Roy
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, SIGN Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Marty
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Harini Nivarthi
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jean-Philippe Defour
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, SIGN Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mira El-Khoury
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Eva Hug
- MyeloPro Diagnostics and Research GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Erica Xu
- MyeloPro Diagnostics and Research GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Daciana S. Marta
- Ultrastructural Pathology Lab and Bioimaging, Institute of Pathology Victor Babeș, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Heinz Gisslinger
- Division of Hematology and Blood Coagulation, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Blood Coagulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Gisslinger
- Division of Hematology and Blood Coagulation, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Blood Coagulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Schalling
- Division of Hematology and Blood Coagulation, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Blood Coagulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilaria Casetti
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Rumi
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Pietra
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavalloni
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Arcaini
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Norio Komatsu
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kihara
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sunami
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Edahiro
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marito Araki
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Stem Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Veronika Buxhofer-Ausch
- Department of Internal Medicine I with Hematology, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Stem Cell Transplantation Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Linz, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Sonja Heibl
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Wels, Austria
| | - Florence Pasquier
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Cité, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Hematology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Violaine Havelange
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, SIGN Unit, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Plo
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - William Vainchenker
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Robert Kralovics
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan N. Constantinescu
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, SIGN Unit, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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20
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Eggleton P, De Alba J, Weinreich M, Calias P, Foulkes R, Corrigall VM. The therapeutic mavericks: Potent immunomodulating chaperones capable of treating human diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:322-339. [PMID: 36651415 PMCID: PMC9889696 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Two major chaperones, calreticulin (CRT) and binding immunoglobulin protein (GRP78/BiP) dependent on their location, have immunoregulatory or anti-inflammatory functions respectively. CRT induces pro-inflammatory cytokines, dendritic cell (DC) maturation and activates cytotoxic T cells against tumours. By contrast, GRP78/BiP induces anti-inflammatory cytokines, inhibits DC maturation and heightens T-regulatory cell responses. These latter functions rebalance immune homeostasis in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Both chaperones are therapeutically relevant agents acting primarily on monocytes/DCs. Endogenous exposure of CRT on cancer cell surfaces acts as an 'eat-me' signal and facilitates improved elimination of stressed and dying tumour cells by DCs. Therefore, therapeutics that promote endogenous CRT translocation to the cell surface can improve the removal of cancer cells. However, infused recombinant CRT dampens this cancer cell eradication by binding directly to the DCs. Low levels of endogenous BiP appear as a surface biomarker of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in some types of tumour cells, a reflection of cells undergoing proliferation, in which resulting hypoxia and nutrient deprivation perturb ER homeostasis triggering the unfolded protein response, leading to increased expression of GRP78/BiP and altered cellular location. Conversely, infusion of an analogue of GRP78/BiP (IRL201805) can lead to long-term immune resetting and restoration of immune homeostasis. The therapeutic potential of both chaperones relies on them being relocated from their intracellular ER environment. Ongoing clinical trials are employing therapeutic interventions to either enhance endogenous cell surface CRT or infuse IRL201805, thereby triggering several disease-relevant immune responses leading to a beneficial clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Eggleton
- Revolo BiotherapeuticsNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Valerie M. Corrigall
- Revolo BiotherapeuticsNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, New Hunts HouseGuy' HospitalLondonUK
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21
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Gong Z, Jia Q, Guo J, Li C, Xu S, Jin Z, Chu H, Wan YY, Zhu B, Zhou Y. Caspase-8 contributes to an immuno-hot microenvironment by promoting phagocytosis via an ecto-calreticulin-dependent mechanism. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:7. [PMID: 36635765 PMCID: PMC9835222 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caspase-8 (Casp8) acts as an initiator in cell apoptosis signaling. However, the role of Casp8 in tuning the tumor immune microenvironment remains controversial due to the complicated crosstalk between immune-tolerogenic apoptotic cell death and immunogenic cell death cascades. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and publicly accessible immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-treated cohorts were used to investigate the clinical relevance of Casp8. A tumor-bearing mouse model was used to characterize changes in the tumor microenvironment and to explore the efficacy of ICB treatment under Casp8 knockout conditions. RESULTS By exploring TCGA datasets, we showed that the expression level of Casp8 was associated with an immuno-hot microenvironment across various solid tumor types. Casp8 deficiency leads to decreased CD8+ T cell infiltration and resistance to anti-PD-L1 therapy in a mouse model. Mechanistically, Casp8 deficiency or pharmacological disruption results in impaired ecto-calreticulin transition in tumor cells, which in turn hampers antigen presentation in draining lymph nodes. Furthermore, radiotherapy restored sensitivity to anti-PD-L1 treatment via elevated calreticulin surface expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed a causative role of Casp8 in modulating the immunogenicity of tumor cells and responsiveness to ICB immunotherapies and proposed radiotherapy as a salvage approach to overcome Casp8 deficiency-mediated ICB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Gong
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Oncology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China ,grid.417298.10000 0004 1762 4928Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Qingzhu Jia
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Oncology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China ,grid.417298.10000 0004 1762 4928Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Jinming Guo
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Oncology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China ,grid.417298.10000 0004 1762 4928Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037 China ,grid.411594.c0000 0004 1777 9452School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054 China
| | - Chongyi Li
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Shouxia Xu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Oncology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China ,grid.417298.10000 0004 1762 4928Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Zheng Jin
- GloriousMed Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Chu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Oncology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 China
| | - Yisong Y. Wan
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 USA
| | - Bo Zhu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Oncology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China ,grid.417298.10000 0004 1762 4928Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Yi Zhou
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Oncology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China ,grid.417298.10000 0004 1762 4928Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037 China
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22
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Shi MY, Liu HG, Chen XH, Tian Y, Chen ZN, Wang K. The application basis of immuno-checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in cancer treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1088886. [PMID: 36703971 PMCID: PMC9871553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1088886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Immuno-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) bring a promising prospect for patients with cancers, which restrains the growth of tumor cells by enhancing anti-tumor activity. Nevertheless, not all patients benefit from the administration of ICIs monotherapy. The partial response or resistance to ICIs is mainly due to the complex and heterogenous tumor microenvironment (TME). The combined therapy is necessary for improving the efficacy of tumor treatment. Chemotherapy is reported not only to kill tumor cells directly, but also to stimulate effective anti-tumor immune responses. Several combined therapies of ICIs and chemotherapeutic agents have been approved for the first-line treatment of cancers, including PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. This review summarizes the potential mechanisms of the combined therapy of ICIs and chemotherapeutic agents in inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) and reprogramming TME, and elucidates the possible anti-tumor effects of combined therapy from the perspective of metabolic reprogramming and microbiome reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ke Wang
- *Correspondence: Ke Wang, ; Zhi-Nan Chen,
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23
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Krzysztof L, Agata K, Zuzanna K, Sankowski B, Machnicki M, Marta B, Kinga G, Tadeusz K, Anna P, Łucja P, Grzegorz D, Piotr K, Tomasz S. HRAS mutation positive multiple myeloma in the type 2 CALR mutation positive essential thrombocythemia: A case report. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:299-303. [PMID: 36606310 PMCID: PMC9843526 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Out of BCR-ABL negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPNPh- ) patients, 3%-14% display a concomitant monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS). In most cases, the diagnosis of plasma cell dyscrasia is either synchronous with that of MPNPh- or occurs later on. We present a 50-year-old patient with type 2 CALR Lys385Asnfs*47 mutation positive essential thrombocythemia (ET) who developed symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM) 13 years after the diagnosis of ET during PEG-INF2α treatment. The NGS study performed at the time of the MM diagnosis revealed the HRAS Val14Gly/c.41T〉G mutation and the wild type CALR, JAK2 and MPL gene sequence. In the presented case, the complete molecular remission of ET was achieved after 16 months of PEG-INF2α treatment. The origin of MM cells in MPNPh- patients remains unknown. Published data suggests that type 2 CALRins5 up-regulate the ATF6 chaperone targets in hematopoietic cells and activate the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α-X-box-binding protein 1 pathway of the unfolded protein response (UPR) system to drive malignancy. It cannot be excluded that endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by the increased ATF6 resulted in an abnormal redox homeostasis and proteostasis, which are factors linked to MM. The presented case history and the proposed mechanism of mutant CALR interaction with UPR and/or ATF6 should initiate the discussion about the possible impact of the mutant CALR protein on the function and genomic stability of different types of myeloid cells, including progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewandowski Krzysztof
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow TransplantationPoznań University of Medical SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Kopydłowska Agata
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow TransplantationPoznań University of Medical SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Kanduła Zuzanna
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow TransplantationPoznań University of Medical SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Bartłomiej Sankowski
- Department of Tumor Biology and GeneticsMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Marcin Machnicki
- Department of Tumor Biology and GeneticsMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Barańska Marta
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow TransplantationPoznań University of Medical SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Gwóźdź‐Bąk Kinga
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow TransplantationPoznań University of Medical SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Kubicki Tadeusz
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow TransplantationPoznań University of Medical SciencesPoznańPoland
| | | | - Przysiecka Łucja
- NanoBioMedical CentreAdam Mickiewicz University in PoznańPoznańPoland
| | - Dworacki Grzegorz
- Department of Clinical PathologyPoznań University of Medical SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Kozłowski Piotr
- Laboratory of GenomicsInstitute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Stokłosa Tomasz
- Department of Tumor Biology and GeneticsMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
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Pol JG, Plantureux C, Pérez-Lanzón M, Kroemer G. PDIA3 as a potential bridge between immunogenic cell death and autoreactivity. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2130558. [DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2130558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G. Pol
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - María Pérez-Lanzón
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
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25
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Bonometti A, Borsani O, Rumi E, Ferretti VV, Dioli C, Lucato E, Paulli M, Boveri E. Arginase‐1+ bone marrow myeloid cells are reduced in myeloproliferative neoplasms and correlate with clinical phenotype, fibrosis, and molecular driver. Cancer Med 2022; 12:7815-7822. [PMID: 36524315 PMCID: PMC10134329 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal myeloid proliferative disorders characterized by sustained systemic inflammation. Despite its renowned importance, the knowledge concerning the inflammatory pathophysiology of these conditions is currently limited to studies on serum cytokines, while cellular immunity has rarely been investigated. METHODS In the present study, we targeted Arginase-1 immunosuppressive myeloid cells in the bone marrow of MPN patients and healthy controls and investigated their clinical and prognostic significance. We demonstrated that MPN are characterized by a significant reduction of bone marrow immunosuppressive cells and that the number of these cells significantly correlates with several clinical and histopathological features of diagnostic and prognostic importance. Moreover, we identified an unreported correlation between a reduction of Arginase-1+ bone marrow cells and the presence of CALR mutations, linking tumor-promoting immunity and molecular drivers. Finally, we postulate that the reduction of bone marrow Arginase-1+ immunosuppressive cells may be due to the migration of these cells to the spleen, where they may exert systemic immunomodulatory function. CONCLUSION Altogether, this study preliminary investigated the contribution of cellular immunity in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms and identified a possible interesting therapeutic target as well as a set of new links that may contribute to unraveling the biological mechanisms behind these interesting hematological neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Bonometti
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology IRCCS San Matteo Foundation Pavia Italy
- Pathology Unit Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS Rozzano Italy
| | - Oscar Borsani
- Department of Molecular Medicine University of Pavia Pavia Italy
- Division of Hematology Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Pavia Italy
| | - Elisa Rumi
- Department of Molecular Medicine University of Pavia Pavia Italy
- Division of Hematology Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Pavia Italy
| | | | - Claudia Dioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine University of Pavia Pavia Italy
| | - Elena Lucato
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology IRCCS San Matteo Foundation Pavia Italy
| | - Marco Paulli
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology IRCCS San Matteo Foundation Pavia Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine University of Pavia Pavia Italy
| | - Emanuela Boveri
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology IRCCS San Matteo Foundation Pavia Italy
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26
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Membrane Bound CRT Fragment Accelerates Tumor Growth of Melanoma B16 Cell In Vivo through Promoting M2 Polarization via TLR4. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:4626813. [PMID: 36249426 PMCID: PMC9560857 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4626813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) is a major calcium-binding luminal resident protein on the endoplasmic reticulum that can also be released extracellular as well as anchored on surface of cells. Previously, we demonstrated that soluble recombinant CRT fragment 39-272 (CRT/39-272) exhibited potent immunostimulatory effects as well as immunoregulation effects on immune cells. Here, we constructed stable B16 melanoma cell lines expressing recombinant CRT/39-272 on the membrane (B16-tmCRT/39-272) to investigate the roles of cell surface CRT on tumor progression. We found that B16-tmCRT/39-272 cells subcutaneously inoculated into C57BL/6 mice exhibited stronger tumorigenicity than the B16-EGFP control cells. The tumor associated macrophages infiltrated in tumors were mainly M2 phenotype. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) were also expanded more in bearing mice. Consistent with the in vivo results, B16-tmCRT/39-272 promoted macrophage polarization toward F4/80+CD206+ M2 macrophages and promoted transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) secretion in vitro, which could promote naïve CD4+T cell differentiation into Tregs. These results imply that the tmCRT/39-272 could accelerate tumor development by enhancing M2 macrophage polarization to induce TGF-β secretion, and then promoted Treg differentiation in the tumor microenvironment. Our data may provide useful clues for better understanding of the potentiating roles of CRT in tumorigenesis.
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27
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The "Yin and Yang" of Unfolded Protein Response in Cancer and Immunogenic Cell Death. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182899. [PMID: 36139473 PMCID: PMC9497201 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological and pathological burdens that perturb endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis activate the unfolded protein response (UPR), a conserved cytosol-to-nucleus signaling pathway that aims to reinstate the vital biosynthetic and secretory capacity of the ER. Disrupted ER homeostasis, causing maladaptive UPR signaling, is an emerging trait of cancer cells. Maladaptive UPR sustains oncogene-driven reprogramming of proteostasis and metabolism and fosters proinflammatory pathways promoting tissue repair and protumorigenic immune responses. However, when cancer cells are exposed to conditions causing irreparable ER homeostasis, such as those elicited by anticancer therapies, the UPR switches from a survival to a cell death program. This lethal ER stress response can elicit immunogenic cell death (ICD), a form of cell death with proinflammatory traits favoring antitumor immune responses. How UPR-driven pathways transit from a protective to a killing modality with favorable immunogenic and proinflammatory output remains unresolved. Here, we discuss key aspects of the functional dichotomy of UPR in cancer cells and how this signal can be harnessed for therapeutic benefit in the context of ICD, especially from the aspect of inflammation aroused by the UPR.
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Johnstone M, Vinaixa D, Turi M, Morelli E, Anderson KC, Gulla A. Promises and Challenges of Immunogenic Chemotherapy in Multiple Myeloma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162519. [PMID: 36010596 PMCID: PMC9406519 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological tolerance of myeloma cells represents a critical obstacle in achieving long-term disease-free survival for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Over the past two decades, remarkable preclinical efforts to understand MM biology have led to the clinical approval of several targeted and immunotherapeutic agents. Among them, it is now clear that chemotherapy can also make cancer cells “visible” to the immune system and thus reactivate anti-tumor immunity. This knowledge represents an important resource in the treatment paradigm of MM, whereas immune dysfunction constitutes a clear obstacle to the cure of the disease. In this review, we highlight the importance of defining the immunological effects of chemotherapy in MM with the goal of enhancing the clinical management of patients. This area of investigation will open new avenues of research to identify novel immunogenic anti-MM agents and inform the optimal integration of chemotherapy with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Johnstone
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Delaney Vinaixa
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Marcello Turi
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenio Morelli
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kenneth Carl Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (K.C.A.); (A.G.); Tel.: +1-617-632-2144 (K.C.A.); +1-617-632-6638 (A.G.); Fax: +1-617-632-2140 (K.C.A. & A.G.)
| | - Annamaria Gulla
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (K.C.A.); (A.G.); Tel.: +1-617-632-2144 (K.C.A.); +1-617-632-6638 (A.G.); Fax: +1-617-632-2140 (K.C.A. & A.G.)
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Thind AS, Ashford B, Strbenac D, Mitchell J, Lee J, Mueller SA, Minaei E, Perry JR, Ch’ng S, Iyer NG, Clark JR, Gupta R, Ranson M. Whole genome analysis reveals the genomic complexity in metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:919118. [PMID: 35982973 PMCID: PMC9379253 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.919118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is a highly morbid disease requiring radical surgery and adjuvant therapy, which is associated with a poor prognosis. Yet, compared to other advanced malignancies, relatively little is known of the genomic landscape of metastatic CSCC. We have previously reported the mutational signatures and mutational patterns of CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) regions in metastatic CSCC. However, many other genomic components (indel signatures, non-coding drivers, and structural variants) of metastatic CSCC have not been reported. To this end, we performed whole genome sequencing on lymph node metastases and blood DNA from 25 CSCC patients with regional metastases of the head and neck. We designed a multifaceted computational analysis at the whole genome level to provide a more comprehensive perspective of the genomic landscape of metastatic CSCC. In the non-coding genome, 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) regions of EVC (48% of specimens), PPP1R1A (48% of specimens), and ABCA4 (20% of specimens) along with the tumor-suppressing long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC01003 (64% of specimens) were significantly functionally altered (Q-value < 0.05) and represent potential non-coding biomarkers of CSCC. Recurrent copy number loss in the tumor suppressor gene PTPRD was observed. Gene amplification was much less frequent, and few genes were recurrently amplified. Single nucleotide variants driver analyses from three tools confirmed TP53 and CDKN2A as recurrently mutated genes but also identified C9 as a potential novel driver in this disease. Furthermore, indel signature analysis highlighted the dominance of ID signature 13 (ID13) followed by ID8 and ID9. ID9 has previously been shown to have no association with skin melanoma, unlike ID13 and ID8, suggesting a novel pattern of indel variation in metastatic CSCC. The enrichment analysis of various genetically altered candidates shows enrichment of “TGF-beta regulation of extracellular matrix” and “cell cycle G1 to S check points.” These enriched terms are associated with genetic instability, cell proliferation, and migration as mechanisms of genomic drivers of metastatic CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarinder Singh Thind
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce Ashford
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Bruce Ashford,
| | - Dario Strbenac
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jenny Mitchell
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jenny Lee
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon A. Mueller
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zurich University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elahe Minaei
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jay R. Perry
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Sydney Ch’ng
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - N. Gopalakrishna Iyer
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan R. Clark
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruta Gupta
- Anatomical Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Xie F, Liu Z, Wang P, Cai M, Li Y, Yan J, Lin Q, Luo F. Self-Delivering Nanodrugs Developed via Small-Molecule-Directed Assembly and Macrophage Cloaking for Sonodynamic-Augmented Immunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102770. [PMID: 35575205 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The self-delivery of sonosensitizers and immunomodulators to tumor areas, which is highly recommended for enhancing sonodynamic immunotherapy, remains a challenge. Herein, a self-delivering nanodrug (HB-NLG8189, drug loading: ≈100 wt%) is developed by the small-molecule self-assembly of "HB" (a new clinical photosensitizer) and NLG8189 (indoleamine-(2,3)-dioxygenase (IDO) pathway inhibitor) for sonodynamic-augmented immunotherapy; this preparation method ensures the absence of excipient-related toxicity and immunogenicity. To evade immune recognition and prolong the circulation time, the HB-NLG8189 nanodrugs are camouflaged using macrophage cell membranes (MPCMs). The constructed HB-NLG8189@MPCM nanodrugs show an ability to preferentially accumulate within tumors. Upon ultrasound triggering, the HB-NLG8189@MPCM is able to generate reactive oxygen species efficiently for robust sonodynamic therapy; it induces immunogenic cell death, initiates an antitumor immune response to activate tumor-specific effector T cells, and promotes the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. The concomitant delivery of NLG8189 reverses the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by restraining IDO-1 activation and the intratumoral infiltration of regulatory T cells. Sonodynamic-augmented immunotherapy with HB-NLG8189@MPCM significantly inhibits the growth of both primary and distant tumors with little systemic toxicity. The biomimetic self-delivery nanodrug provides a promising paradigm for improving sonodynamic immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, P. R. China
| | - Zongjunlin Liu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, P. R. China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350007, P. R. China
| | - Meimei Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350007, P. R. China
| | - Jianghua Yan
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, P. R. China
| | - Qin Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, P. R. China
| | - Fanghong Luo
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, P. R. China
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Keeping Cell Death Alive: An Introduction into the French Cell Death Research Network. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070901. [PMID: 35883457 PMCID: PMC9313292 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the Nobel Prize award more than twenty years ago for discovering the core apoptotic pathway in C. elegans, apoptosis and various other forms of regulated cell death have been thoroughly characterized by researchers around the world. Although many aspects of regulated cell death still remain to be elucidated in specific cell subtypes and disease conditions, many predicted that research into cell death was inexorably reaching a plateau. However, this was not the case since the last decade saw a multitude of cell death modalities being described, while harnessing their therapeutic potential reached clinical use in certain cases. In line with keeping research into cell death alive, francophone researchers from several institutions in France and Belgium established the French Cell Death Research Network (FCDRN). The research conducted by FCDRN is at the leading edge of emerging topics such as non-apoptotic functions of apoptotic effectors, paracrine effects of cell death, novel canonical and non-canonical mechanisms to induce apoptosis in cell death-resistant cancer cells or regulated forms of necrosis and the associated immunogenic response. Collectively, these various lines of research all emerged from the study of apoptosis and in the next few years will increase the mechanistic knowledge into regulated cell death and how to harness it for therapy.
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Tvorogov D, Thompson-Peach CAL, Foßelteder J, Dottore M, Stomski F, Onnesha SA, Lim K, Moretti PAB, Pitson SM, Ross DM, Reinisch A, Thomas D, Lopez AF. Targeting human CALR-mutated MPN progenitors with a neoepitope-directed monoclonal antibody. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e52904. [PMID: 35156745 PMCID: PMC8982588 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR) is recurrently mutated in myelofibrosis via a frameshift that removes an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal, creating a neoepitope potentially targetable by immunotherapeutic approaches. We developed a specific rat monoclonal IgG2α antibody, 4D7, directed against the common sequence encoded by both insertion and deletion mutations. 4D7 selectively bound to cells co‐expressing mutant CALR and thrombopoietin receptor (TpoR) and blocked JAK‐STAT signalling, TPO‐independent proliferation and megakaryocyte differentiation of mutant CALR myelofibrosis progenitors by disrupting the binding of CALR dimers to TpoR. Importantly, 4D7 inhibited proliferation of patient samples with both insertion and deletion CALR mutations but not JAK2 V617F and prolonged survival in xenografted bone marrow models of mutant CALR‐dependent myeloproliferation. Together, our data demonstrate a novel therapeutic approach to target a problematic disease driven by a recurrent somatic mutation that would normally be considered undruggable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Tvorogov
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chloe A L Thompson-Peach
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Johannes Foßelteder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Haematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mara Dottore
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Frank Stomski
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Suraiya A Onnesha
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kelly Lim
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Paul A B Moretti
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David M Ross
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andreas Reinisch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Haematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Thomas
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Angel F Lopez
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Xu Q, Cao D, Fang B, Yan S, Hu Y, Guo T. Immune-related gene signature predicts clinical outcomes and immunotherapy response in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Med 2022; 11:3364-3380. [PMID: 35355427 PMCID: PMC9468431 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune response in the bone marrow microenvironment has implications for progression and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, few immune‐related biomarkers for AML prognosis and immunotherapy response have been identified. We aimed to establish a predictive gene signature and to explore the determinants of prognosis in AML. Methods Immune‐related genes with clinical significance were screened by a weighted gene co‐expression network analysis. Seven immune‐related genes were used to establish a gene signature by a multivariate Cox regression analysis. Based on the signature, low‐ and high‐risk groups were compared with respect to the immune microenvironment, immune checkpoints, pathway activities, and mutation frequencies. The tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) method was used to predict the response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. The Connectivity Map database was used to explore small‐molecule drugs expected to treat high‐risk populations. Results A seven‐gene prognostic signature was used to classify patients into high‐ and low‐risk groups. Prognosis was poorer for patients in the former than in the latter. The high‐risk group displayed higher levels of immune checkpoint molecules (LAG3, PD‐1, CTLA4, PD‐L2, and PD‐L1), immune cell infiltration (dendritic cells, T helper 1, and gamma delta T), and somatic mutations (NPM1 and RUNX1). Moreover, hematopoietic stem cell/leukemia stem cell pathways were enriched in the high‐risk phenotype. Compared with that in the low‐risk group, the lower TIDE score for the high‐risk group implied that this group is more likely to benefit from ICB therapy. Finally, some drugs (FLT3 inhibitors and BCL inhibitors) targeting the expression profiles associated with the high‐risk group were generated using Connectivity Map. Conclusion The newly developed immune‐related gene signature is an effective biomarker for predicting prognosis in AML and provides a basis, from an immunological perspective, for the development of comprehensive therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dedong Cao
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siqi Yan
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhou H, Tu C, Yang P, Li J, Kepp O, Li H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Zhang T, Sheng C, Wang J. Carbon ion radiotherapy triggers immunogenic cell death and sensitizes melanoma to anti-PD-1 therapy in mice. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2057892. [PMID: 35355680 PMCID: PMC8959514 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2057892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is an emerging type of radiotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors. In recent years, evidence accumulated that CIRT improves the therapeutic outcome in patients with otherwise poor response to immune checkpoint blockade. Here, we aimed at identifying the underlying mechanisms of CIRT-induced tumor immunogenicity and treatment efficacy. We used human U2OS osteosarcoma cells for the in vitro assessment of immunogenic cell death and established several in vivo models of melanoma in mice. We treated the animals with conventional radiation, CIRT, PD-1-targeting immune checkpoint blockade or a sequential combinations of radiotherapy with checkpoint blockade. We utilized flow cytometry, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and immunoblot analysis, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to assess biomarkers of immunogenic cell death in vitro. Treatment efficacy was studied by tumor growth assessment and the tumor immune infiltrate was analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Compared with conventional radioimmunotherapy, the combination of CIRT with anti-PD-1 more efficiently triggered traits of immunogenic cell death including the exposure of calreticulin, the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the exodus of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as well as the induction of type-1 interferon responses. In addition, CIRT plus anti-PD-1 led to an increased infiltration of CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes into the tumor bed, significantly decreased tumor growth and prolonged survival of melanoma bearing mice. We herein provide evidence that CIRT-triggered immunogenic cell death, enhanced tumor immunogenicity and improved the efficacy of subsequent anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou,Gansu, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,China
| | - Chen Tu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou,Gansu, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,China
| | - Jin Li
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou,Gansu, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Haining Li
- Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou,Gansu, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,China
| | - Chengyan Sheng
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou,Gansu, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,China
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35
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Qi X, Li Q, Che X, Wang Q, Wu G. Application of Regulatory Cell Death in Cancer: Based on Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837293. [PMID: 35359956 PMCID: PMC8960167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cancer treatment methods is constantly changing. For common cancers, our treatment methods are still based on conventional treatment methods, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted drug therapy. Nevertheless, the emergence of tumor resistance has a negative impact on treatment. Regulated cell death is a gene-regulated mode of programmed cell death. After receiving specific signal transduction, cells change their physical and chemical properties and the extracellular microenvironment, resulting in structural destruction and decomposition. As research accumulates, we now know that by precisely inducing specific cell death patterns, we can treat cancer with less collateral damage than other treatments. Many newly discovered types of RCD are thought to be useful for cancer treatment. However, some experimental results suggest that some RCDs are not sensitive to cancer cell death, and some may even promote cancer progression. This review summarizes the discovered types of RCDs, reviews their clinical efficacy in cancer treatment, explores their anticancer mechanisms, and discusses the feasibility of some newly discovered RCDs for cancer treatment in combination with the immune and tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qifei Wang
- *Correspondence: Guangzhen Wu, ; Qifei Wang,
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36
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Strickland M, Quek L, Psaila B. The immune landscape in BCR-ABL negative myeloproliferative neoplasms: inflammation, infections and opportunities for immunotherapy. Br J Haematol 2022; 196:1149-1158. [PMID: 34618358 PMCID: PMC9135025 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Breakpoint cluster region-Abelson (BCR-ABL) negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are chronic myeloid neoplasms initiated by the acquisition of gene mutation(s) in a haematopoietic stem cell, leading to clonal expansion and over-production of blood cells and their progenitors. MPNs encompass a spectrum of disorders with overlapping but distinct molecular, laboratory and clinical features. This includes polycythaemia vera, essential thrombocythaemia and myelofibrosis. Dysregulation of the immune system is key to the pathology of MPNs, supporting clonal evolution, mediating symptoms and resulting in varying degrees of immunocompromise. Targeting immune dysfunction is an important treatment strategy. In the present review, we focus on the immune landscape in patients with MPNs - the role of inflammation in disease pathogenesis, susceptibility to infection and emerging strategies for therapeutic immune modulation. Further detailed work is required to delineate immune perturbation more precisely in MPNs to determine how and why vulnerability to infection differs between clinical subtypes and to better understand how inflammation results in a competitive advantage for the MPN clone. These studies may help shed light on new designs for disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Strickland
- MRC Molecular Haematology UnitMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of OxfordOxford
- National Institutes for Health Research Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxford
| | - Lynn Quek
- Department of Haematological MedicineKing's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondon
- Department of Haematology, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Bethan Psaila
- MRC Molecular Haematology UnitMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of OxfordOxford
- National Institutes for Health Research Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxford
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Kroemer G, Galassi C, Zitvogel L, Galluzzi L. Immunogenic cell stress and death. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:487-500. [PMID: 35145297 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 210.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dying mammalian cells emit numerous signals that interact with the host to dictate the immunological correlates of cellular stress and death. In the absence of reactive antigenic determinants (which is generally the case for healthy cells), such signals may drive inflammation but cannot engage adaptive immunity. Conversely, when cells exhibit sufficient antigenicity, as in the case of infected or malignant cells, their death can culminate with adaptive immune responses that are executed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and elicit immunological memory. Suggesting a key role for immunogenic cell death (ICD) in immunosurveillance, both pathogens and cancer cells evolved strategies to prevent the recognition of cell death as immunogenic. Intriguingly, normal cells succumbing to conditions that promote the formation of post-translational neoantigens (for example, oxidative stress) can also drive at least some degree of antigen-specific immunity, pointing to a novel implication of ICD in the etiology of non-infectious, non-malignant disorders linked to autoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France. .,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France. .,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Claudia Galassi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France.,Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) BIOTHERIS, Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. .,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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38
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Bartalucci N, Galluzzi L. Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms: From origins to new perspectives. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 366:ix-xx. [PMID: 35153008 DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(22)00019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Bartalucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; DENOThe Excellence Center, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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39
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Immunogenic cell death and its therapeutic or prognostic potential in high-grade glioma. Genes Immun 2022; 23:1-11. [PMID: 35046546 PMCID: PMC8866117 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-021-00161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) has emerged as a key component of therapy-induced anti-tumor immunity. Over the past few years, ICD was found to play a pivotal role in a wide variety of novel and existing treatment modalities. The clinical application of these techniques in cancer treatment is still in its infancy. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor with a dismal prognosis despite maximal therapy. The development of new therapies in this aggressive type of tumors remains highly challenging partially due to the cold tumor immune environment. GBM could therefore benefit from ICD-based therapies stimulating the anti-tumor immune response. In what follows, we will describe the mechanisms behind ICD and the ICD-based (pre)clinical advances in anticancer therapies focusing on GBM.
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40
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Interference of immunogenic chemotherapy by artificially controlled calreticulin secretion from tumor cells. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 172:99-114. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Assessment of transcription inhibition as a characteristic of immunogenic cell death. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 172:67-82. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Progression of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN): Diagnostic and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123551. [PMID: 34944059 PMCID: PMC8700229 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are a heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies, including essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), as well as post-PV-MF and post-ET-MF. Progression to more symptomatic disease, such as overt MF or acute leukemia, represents one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. There are clinically evident but also subclinical types of MPN progression. Clinically evident progression includes evolution from ET to PV, ET to post-ET-MF, PV to post-PV-MF, or pre-PMF to overt PMF, and transformation of any of these subtypes to myelodysplastic neoplasms or acute leukemia. Thrombosis, major hemorrhage, severe infections, or increasing symptom burden (e.g., pruritus, night sweats) may herald progression. Subclinical types of progression may include increases in the extent of bone marrow fibrosis, increases of driver gene mutational allele burden, and clonal evolution. The underlying causes of MPN progression are diverse and can be attributed to genetic alterations and chronic inflammation. Particularly, bystander mutations in genes encoding epigenetic regulators or splicing factors were associated with progression. Finally, comorbidities such as systemic inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and organ fibrosis may augment the risk of progression. The aim of this review was to discuss types and mechanisms of MPN progression and how their knowledge might improve risk stratification and therapeutic intervention. In view of these aspects, we discuss the potential benefits of early diagnosis using molecular and functional imaging and exploitable therapeutic strategies that may prevent progression, but also highlight current challenges and methodological pitfalls.
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Chen R, Huang M, Yang X, Chen XH, Shi MY, Li ZF, Chen ZN, Wang K. CALR-TLR4 Complex Inhibits Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression by Regulating the Migration and Maturation of Dendritic Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743050. [PMID: 34660305 PMCID: PMC8517398 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is a common malignant tumor that threatens human life and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Calreticulin (CALR) is a antigen characteristic of immunogenic cell death in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is closely related to anti-tumor immunity, but its specific mechanism in anti-tumor immunity remains unclear. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of CALR and dendritic cell-lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein (DC-LAMP) in NSCLC tissues. The cell supernatant was used to induce migration and maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). Western blot and real-time PCR were used to investigate the corresponding molecule expression in the CALR-Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-MyD88 signaling pathway. In vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the role of mCALR in lung cancer progression. Results The expression of CALR on NSCLC cell membrane (mCALR) and DC infiltration in NSCLC were positively correlated and were closely related to the prognosis of NSCLC patients. Moreover, mCALR facilitated the migration and maturation of DCs by activating CALR-TLR4-MyD88 signaling and increasing the secretion of TNFα and CCL19, which was inhibited by the loss of TLR4. In vivo experiments demonstrated that mCALR inhibited lung cancer progression by facilitating DC infiltration in lung cancer tissues. Conclusion Our study explores the function and mechanism of the CALR-TLR4 complex in DC migration and maturation and investigates the inhibitory effect of the CALR-TLR4 complex on lung cancer progression, providing a theoretical basis and ideas for immunotherapy of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Huang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu Yang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming-Yan Shi
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuo-Fan Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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44
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Zitvogel L, Perreault C, Finn OJ, Kroemer G. Beneficial autoimmunity improves cancer prognosis. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:591-602. [PMID: 33976418 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many tumour antigens that do not arise from cancer cell-specific mutations are targets of humoral and cellular immunity despite their expression on non-malignant cells. Thus, in addition to the expected ability to detect mutations and stress-associated shifts in the immunoproteome and immunopeptidome (the sum of MHC class I-bound peptides) unique to malignant cells, the immune system also recognizes antigens expressed in non-malignant cells, which can result in autoimmune reactions against non-malignant cells from the tissue of origin. These autoimmune manifestations include, among others, vitiligo, thyroiditis and paraneoplastic syndromes, concurrent with melanoma, thyroid cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, respectively. Importantly, despite the undesirable effects of these symptoms, such events can have prognostic value and correlate with favourable disease outcomes, suggesting 'beneficial autoimmunity'. Similarly, the occurrence of dermal and endocrine autoimmune adverse events in patients receiving immune-checkpoint inhibitors can have a positive predictive value for therapeutic outcomes. Neoplasias derived from stem cells deemed 'not essential' for survival (such as melanocytes, thyroid cells and most cells in sex-specific organs) have a particularly good prognosis, perhaps because the host can tolerate autoimmune reactions that destroy tumour cells at some cost to non-malignant tissues. In this Perspective, we discuss examples of spontaneous as well as therapy-induced autoimmunity that correlate with favourable disease outcomes and make a strong case in favour of this 'beneficial autoimmunity' being important not only in patients with advanced-stage disease but also in cancer immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France. .,Université Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. .,INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. .,Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Villejuif, France. .,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) BIOTHERIS, Villejuif, France. .,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.
| | - Claude Perreault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Olivera J Finn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France. .,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China. .,Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France. .,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. .,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France. .,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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45
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Roy A, Shrivastva S, Naseer S. In and out: Traffic and dynamics of thrombopoietin receptor. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9073-9083. [PMID: 34448528 PMCID: PMC8500957 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombopoiesis had long been a challenging area of study due to the rarity of megakaryocyte precursors in the bone marrow and the incomplete understanding of its regulatory cytokines. A breakthrough was achieved in the early 1990s with the discovery of the thrombopoietin receptor (TpoR) and its ligand thrombopoietin (TPO). This accelerated research in thrombopoiesis, including the uncovering of the molecular basis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and the advent of drugs to treat thrombocytopenic purpura. TpoR mutations affecting its membrane dynamics or transport were increasingly associated with pathologies such as MPN and thrombocytosis. It also became apparent that TpoR affected hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quiescence while priming hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) towards the megakaryocyte lineage. Thorough knowledge of TpoR surface localization, dimerization, dynamics and stability is therefore crucial to understanding thrombopoiesis and related pathologies. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms of TpoR traffic. We will focus on the recent progress in TpoR membrane dynamics and highlight the areas that remain unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Roy
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Shrivastva
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Saadia Naseer
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
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46
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Impact of Calreticulin and Its Mutants on Endoplasmic Reticulum Function in Health and Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34050866 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67696-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) performs key cellular functions including protein synthesis, lipid metabolism and signaling. While these functions are spatially isolated in structurally distinct regions of the ER, there is cross-talk between the pathways. One vital player that is involved in ER function is the ER-resident protein calreticulin (CALR). It is a calcium ion-dependent lectin chaperone that primarily assists in glycoprotein synthesis in the ER as part of the protein quality control machinery. CALR also buffers calcium ion release and mediates other glycan-independent protein interactions. Mutations in CALR have been reported in a subset of chronic blood tumors called myeloproliferative neoplasms. The mutations consist of insertions or deletions in the CALR gene that all cause a + 1 bp shift in the reading frame and lead to a dramatic alteration of the amino acid sequence of the C-terminal domain of CALR. This alters CALR function and affects cell homeostasis. This chapter will discuss how CALR and mutant CALR affect ER health and disease.
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47
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Inferring the dynamic of mutated hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells induced by IFNα in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood 2021; 138:2231-2243. [PMID: 34407546 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021010986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal disorders of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) caused mainly by recurrent mutations in genes encoding JAK2 (JAK2), calreticulin (CALR), or the thrombopoietin receptor (MPL). Interferon alpha (IFNα) has demonstrated some efficacy in inducing molecular remission in MPN. In order to determine factors that influence molecular response rate, we evaluated the long-term molecular efficacy of IFNα in MPN patients by monitoring the fate of cells carrying driver mutations in a prospective observational and longitudinal study of 48 patients over more than 5 years. We measured several times per year the clonal architecture of early and late hematopoietic progenitors (84,845 measurements) and the global variant allele frequency in mature cells (409 measurements). Using mathematical modeling and hierarchical Bayesian inference, we further inferred the dynamics of IFNα-targeted mutated HSC. Our data support the hypothesis that IFNα targets JAK2V617F HSC by inducing their exit from quiescence and differentiation into progenitors. Our observations indicate that treatment efficacy is higher in homozygous than heterozygous JAK2V617F HSC and increases with high IFNα dosage in heterozygous JAK2V617F HSC. Besides, we found that the molecular responses of CALRm HSC to IFNα were heterogeneous, varying between type 1 and type 2 CALRm, and high dosage of IFNα correlates with worse outcomes. Together, our work indicates that the long-term molecular efficacy of IFNα implies an HSC exhaustion mechanism and depends on both the driver mutation type and IFNα dosage.
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48
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Petrazzuolo A, Perez-Lanzon M, Martins I, Liu P, Kepp O, Minard-Colin V, Maiuri MC, Kroemer G. Pharmacological inhibitors of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) induce immunogenic cell death through on-target effects. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:713. [PMID: 34272360 PMCID: PMC8285454 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is clinically relevant because cytotoxicants that kill malignant cells via ICD elicit anticancer immune responses that prolong the effects of chemotherapies beyond treatment discontinuation. ICD is characterized by a series of stereotyped changes that increase the immunogenicity of dying cells: exposure of calreticulin on the cell surface, release of ATP and high mobility group box 1 protein, as well as a type I interferon response. Here, we examined the possibility that inhibition of an oncogenic kinase, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), might trigger ICD in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) in which ALK is activated due to a chromosomal translocation. Multiple lines of evidence plead in favor of specific ICD-inducing effects of crizotinib and ceritinib in ALK-dependent ALCL: (i) they induce ICD stigmata at pharmacologically relevant, low concentrations; (ii) can be mimicked in their ICD-inducing effects by ALK knockdown; (iii) lose their effects in the context of resistance-conferring ALK mutants; (iv) ICD-inducing effects are mimicked by inhibition of the signal transduction pathways operating downstream of ALK. When ceritinib-treated murine ALK-expressing ALCL cells were inoculated into the left flank of immunocompetent syngeneic mice, they induced an immune response that slowed down the growth of live ALCL cells implanted in the right flank. Although ceritinib induced a transient shrinkage of tumors in lymphoma-bearing mice, irrespective of their immunocompetence, relapses occurred more frequently in the context of immunodeficiency, reducing the effects of ceritinib on survival by approximately 50%. Complete cure only occurred in immunocompetent mice and conferred protection to rechallenge with the same ALK-expressing lymphoma but not with another unrelated lymphoma. Moreover, immunotherapy with PD-1 blockade tended to increase cure rates. Altogether, these results support the contention that specific ALK inhibition stimulates the immune system by inducing ICD in ALK-positive ALCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Petrazzuolo
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", 75006, Paris, France
- Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, 94270, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Maria Perez-Lanzon
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", 75006, Paris, France
- Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, 94270, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Isabelle Martins
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", 75006, Paris, France
- Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Peng Liu
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", 75006, Paris, France
- Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", 75006, Paris, France
- Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Véronique Minard-Colin
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Maria Chiara Maiuri
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", 75006, Paris, France
- Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", 75006, Paris, France.
- Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805, Villejuif, France.
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015, Paris, France.
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215163, China.
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Shide K. Calreticulin mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 365:179-226. [PMID: 34756244 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR) is a chaperone present in the endoplasmic reticulum, which is involved in the quality control of N-glycosylated proteins and storage of calcium ions. In 2013, the C-terminal mutation in CALR was identified in half of the patients with essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis who did not have a JAK2 or MPL mutation. The results of 8 years of intensive research are changing the clinical practice associated with treating myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The presence or absence of CALR mutations and their mutation types already provide important information for diagnosis and treatment decision making. In addition, the interaction with the thrombopoietin receptor MPL, which is the main mechanism of transformation by CALR mutation, and the expression of the mutant protein on the cell surface have a great potential as targets for molecular-targeted drugs and immunotherapy. This chapter presents recent findings on the clinical significance of the CALR mutation and the molecular basis by which this mutation drives MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Shide
- Division of Haematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
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50
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Li J, Tang W, Yang Y, Shen Q, Yu Y, Wang X, Fu Y, Li C. A Programmed Cell-Mimicking Nanoparticle Driven by Potato Alkaloid for Targeted Cancer Chemoimmunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100311. [PMID: 33963820 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Membrane camouflaged-nanoparticles (CM-NPs) have been exploited to inherit desired functionalities from source cells. Despite those advantages, membrane cloak may play a "double-edged sword" role in tumor-targeting therapy, as the intact membrane coating may hinder function-exertion of loaded drugs after reaching predetermined site. Therefore, further optimization of CM-NPs is still needed to enhance their delivery efficiency. Herein, natural product, Solamargine (SM), a cholesterol-affiliative amphiphilic potato alkaloid is first applied as core component of "inner core," to design a cell-mimicking "core-shell" nanoparticle (RBC-SLip) with acid-responsive off-coating properties for tumor-targeted therapy. Owing to red blood cell membrane (RBCm)-derived outer coating, it circulates stably in physiological conditions. While it would undergo an off-coating morphological change in response to acid stimuli in tumor microenvironment (TME), afterwards, the resulting off-coating liposome (SLip) shows active tumor-targeting and endosomal escape abilities, thus contributing to superior antitumor efficacy. In addition, SM also possesses natural TME-modulating ability; therefore, RBC-SLip can synergize with the PD1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy when encapsulated with PTX to achieve enhanced chemoimmunotherapy. The off-coating strategy developed by natural products SM, provide a brand-new perspective to optimize CM-NPs, and it also embodies application value of "unification of medicines and excipients" of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Medical Research Institute College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Wei Tang
- Medical Research Institute College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Yi Yang
- Medical Research Institute College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Qing Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Medical Image and Knowledge Graph Shanghai 200336 China
- YITU AI Research Institute for Healthcare Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000 China
| | - Yang Yu
- Medical Research Institute College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Xiaoyou Wang
- Medical Research Institute College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Yu Fu
- Medical Research Institute College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Chong Li
- Medical Research Institute College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
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