1
|
McHenry MW, Shi P, Camara CM, Cohen DT, Rettenmaier TJ, Adhikary U, Gygi MA, Yang K, Gygi SP, Wales TE, Engen JR, Wells JA, Walensky LD. Covalent inhibition of pro-apoptotic BAX. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-023-01537-6. [PMID: 38233584 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX) is a promising therapeutic target for activating or restraining apoptosis in diseases of pathologic cell survival or cell death, respectively. In response to cellular stress, BAX transforms from a quiescent cytosolic monomer into a toxic oligomer that permeabilizes the mitochondria, releasing key apoptogenic factors. The mitochondrial lipid trans-2-hexadecenal (t-2-hex) sensitizes BAX activation by covalent derivatization of cysteine 126 (C126). In this study, we performed a disulfide tethering screen to discover C126-reactive molecules that modulate BAX activity. We identified covalent BAX inhibitor 1 (CBI1) as a compound that selectively derivatizes BAX at C126 and inhibits BAX activation by triggering ligands or point mutagenesis. Biochemical and structural analyses revealed that CBI1 can inhibit BAX by a dual mechanism of action: conformational constraint and competitive blockade of lipidation. These data inform a pharmacologic strategy for suppressing apoptosis in diseases of unwanted cell death by covalent targeting of BAX C126.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W McHenry
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peiwen Shi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina M Camara
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel T Cohen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Justin Rettenmaier
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Utsarga Adhikary
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Micah A Gygi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ka Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas E Wales
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John R Engen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James A Wells
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Loren D Walensky
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liao J, Lai Z, Huang G, Lin J, Huang W, Qin Y, Chen Q, Hu Y, Cheng Q, Jiang L, Cui L, Zhong H, Li M, Wei Y, Xu F. Setanaxib mitigates oxidative damage following retinal ischemia-reperfusion via NOX1 and NOX4 inhibition in retinal ganglion cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116042. [PMID: 38118351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, a prevalent cause of permanent visual impairment worldwide, is characterized by the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1 and NOX4 are pivotal nodes in various retinal diseases. Setanaxib, a potent and highly selective inhibitor of NOX1 and NOX4, can impede the progression of various diseases. This study investigated the efficacy of setanaxib in ameliorating retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and elucidated its underlying mechanisms. The model of retinal I/R induced by acute intraocular hypertension and the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model of primary RGCs were established. By suppressing NOX1 and NOX4 expression in RGCs, setanaxib mitigated I/R-induced retinal neuronal loss, structural disruption, and dysfunction. Setanaxib reduced TUNEL-positive cells, upregulated Bcl-2, and inhibited Bax, Bad, and cleaved-caspase-3 overexpression after I/R injury in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, setanaxib also significantly reduced cellular senescence, as demonstrated by downregulating SA-β-gal-positive and p16-INK4a expression. Furthermore, setanaxib significantly suppressed ROS production, Hif-1α and FOXO1 upregulation, and NRF2 downregulation in damaged RGCs. These findings highlight that the setanaxib effectively inhibited NOX1 and NOX4, thereby regulating ROS production and redox signal activation. This inhibition further prevents the activation of apoptosis and senescence related factors in RGCs, ultimately protecting them against retinal I/R injury. Consequently, setanaxib exhibits promising potential as a therapeutic intervention for glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liao
- Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530000 Guangxi, China
| | - Zhaoguang Lai
- Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530000 Guangxi, China
| | - Guangyi Huang
- Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530000 Guangxi, China
| | - Jiali Lin
- Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530000 Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530000 Guangxi, China
| | - Yuanjun Qin
- Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530000 Guangxi, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530000 Guangxi, China
| | - Yaguang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Qiaochu Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530000 Guangxi, China
| | - Ling Cui
- Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530000 Guangxi, China
| | - Haibin Zhong
- Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530000 Guangxi, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530000 Guangxi, China.
| | - Yantao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Fan Xu
- Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530000 Guangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Y, Gelles JD, Mohammed JN, Chipuk JE. An optimized protocol for expression and purification of monomeric full-length BAX protein for functional interrogations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1322816. [PMID: 38143925 PMCID: PMC10748421 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1322816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse developmental signals and pro-death stresses converge on the regulation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. BAX, a proapoptotic BCL-2 effector, directly forms proteolipid pores in the outer mitochondrial membrane to activate the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. BAX is a viable pharmacological target for various human diseases, and increasing efforts have been made to study the molecular regulation of BAX while identifying small molecules selectively targeting BAX. However, generating large quantities of monomeric and functionally competent BAX has been challenging due to its aggregation-prone nature. Additionally, there is a lack of detailed and instructional protocols available for investigators who are not already familiar with recombinant BAX production. Here, we present a comprehensive protocol for expressing, purifying, and storing functional monomeric recombinant BAX protein. We use an intein-chitin binding domain-tagged BAX-expressing construct and employ a two-step chromatography strategy to capture and purify BAX. We also provide examples of standard assays to observe BAX activation, and highlight the best practices for handling and storing BAX to effectively preserve its quality, shelf life, and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Chen
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology in Human Health and Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York,NY, United States
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jesse D. Gelles
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology in Human Health and Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York,NY, United States
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jarvier N. Mohammed
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology in Human Health and Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York,NY, United States
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jerry Edward Chipuk
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology in Human Health and Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York,NY, United States
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- The Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang T, He R, Ding X, Zhao M, Wang C, Zhu S, Liao Y, Wang D, Wang H, Guo J, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Gu Z, Hu H. Fullerenols Mitigate Radiation-Induced Myocardial Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300819. [PMID: 37698231 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced heart disease is a serious side effect of radiation therapy that can lead to severe consequences. However, effective and safe methods for their prevention and treatment are presently lacking. This study reports the crucial function of fullerenols in protecting cardiomyocytes from radiation injury. First, fullerenols are synthesized using a simple base-catalyzed method. Next, the as-prepared fullerenols are applied as an effective free radical scavenger and broad-spectrum antioxidant to protect against X-ray-induced cardiomyocyte injury. Their ability to reduce apoptosis via the mitochondrial signaling pathway at the cellular level is then verified. Finally, it is observed in animal models that fullerenols accumulate in the heart and alleviate myocardial damage induced by X-rays. This study represents a timely and essential analysis of the prevention and treatment of radiological myocardial injury, providing new insights into the applications of fullerenols for therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingjun Zhang
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Rendong He
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Ding
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Maoru Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - You Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Junsong Guo
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghui Zhou
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Houxiang Hu
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Y, Gelles JD, Mohammed JN, Chipuk JE. An optimized high-yield protocol for expression and purification of monomeric full-length BAX protein. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.16.562589. [PMID: 37905126 PMCID: PMC10614868 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.562589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Diverse developmental signals and pro-death stresses converge on regulation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. BAX, a pro-apoptotic BCL-2 effector, directly forms proteolipid pores in the outer mitochondrial member to activate the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. BAX is a viable pharmacological target for various human diseases, and increasing efforts have been made to study the molecular regulation of BAX and identify small molecules selectively targeting BAX. However, generating large quantities of monomeric and functionally-competent BAX has been challenging due to its aggregation-prone nature. Additionally, there is a lack of detailed and instructional protocols available for investigators who are not already familiar with recombinant BAX production. Here, we present a comprehensive high-yield protocol for expressing, purifying, and storing functional recombinant BAX protein. We utilize an intein-tagged BAX construct and employ a two-step chromatography strategy to capture and purify BAX, and provide example standard assays to observe BAX activation. We also highlight best practices for handling and storing BAX to effectively preserve its quality, shelf-life, and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Chen
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology in Human Health and Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jesse D. Gelles
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology in Human Health and Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jarvier N. Mohammed
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology in Human Health and Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jerry Edward Chipuk
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology in Human Health and Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
El-Sayed NNE, Al-Otaibi TM, Barakat A, Almarhoon ZM, Hassan MZ, Al-Zaben MI, Krayem N, Masand VH, Ben Bacha A. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some New 3-Aryl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1 H)-ones and 3-Aryl-2-(benzylthio)quinazolin-4(3 H)-ones as Antioxidants; COX-2, LDHA, α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitors; and Anti-Colon Carcinoma and Apoptosis-Inducing Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1392. [PMID: 37895863 PMCID: PMC10610505 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, COX-2, LDHA and hyperglycemia are interlinked contributing pathways in the etiology, progression and metastasis of colon cancer. Additionally, dysregulated apoptosis in cells with genetic alternations leads to their progression in malignant transformation. Therefore, quinazolinones 3a-3h and 5a-5h were synthesized and evaluated as antioxidants, enzymes inhibitors and cytotoxic agents against LoVo and HCT-116 cells. Moreover, the most active cytotoxic derivatives were evaluated as apoptosis inducers. The results indicated that 3a, 3g and 5a were efficiently scavenged DPPH radicals with lowered IC50 values (mM) ranging from 0.165 ± 0.0057 to 0.191 ± 0.0099, as compared to 0.245 ± 0.0257 by BHT. Derivatives 3h, 5a and 5h were recognized as more potent dual inhibitors than quercetin against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, in addition to 3a, 3c, 3f and 5b-5f against α-amylase. Although none of the compounds demonstrated a higher efficiency than the reference inhibitors against COX-2 and LDHA, 3a and 3g were identified as the most active derivatives. Molecular docking studies were used to elucidate the binding affinities and binding interactions between the inhibitors and their target proteins. Compounds 3a and 3f showed cytotoxic activities, with IC50 values (µM) of 294.32 ± 8.41 and 383.5 ± 8.99 (LoVo), as well as 298.05 ± 13.26 and 323.59 ± 3.00 (HCT-116). The cytotoxicity mechanism of 3a and 3f could be attributed to the modulation of apoptosis regulators (Bax and Bcl-2), the activation of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways via the upregulation of initiator caspases-8 and -9 as well as executioner caspase-3, and the arrest of LoVo and HCT-116 cell cycles in the G2/M and G1 phases, respectively. Lastly, the physicochemical, medicinal chemistry and ADMET properties of all compounds were predicted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Taghreed M. Al-Otaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.A.-O.); (A.B.); (M.I.A.-Z.)
| | - Assem Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.A.-O.); (A.B.); (M.I.A.-Z.)
| | - Zainab M. Almarhoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.A.-O.); (A.B.); (M.I.A.-Z.)
| | - Mohd. Zaheen Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maha I. Al-Zaben
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.A.-O.); (A.B.); (M.I.A.-Z.)
| | - Najeh Krayem
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS, Université de Sfax, Route de Soukra 3038, Sfax BP 1173, Tunisia;
| | - Vijay H. Masand
- Department of Chemistry, Vidya Bharati College, Camp, Amravati, Maharashtra 444602, India;
| | - Abir Ben Bacha
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Clifton LA, Wacklin-Knecht HP, Ådén J, Mushtaq AU, Sparrman T, Gröbner G. Creation of distinctive Bax-lipid complexes at mitochondrial membrane surfaces drives pore formation to initiate apoptosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg7940. [PMID: 37267355 PMCID: PMC10413641 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg7940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Apotosis is an essential process tightly regulated by the Bcl-2 protein family where proapoptotic Bax triggers cell death by perforating the mitochondrial outer membrane. Although intensively studied, the molecular mechanism by which these proteins create apoptotic pores remains elusive. Here, we show that Bax creates pores by extracting lipids from outer mitochondrial membrane mimics by formation of Bax/lipid clusters that are deposited on the membrane surface. Time-resolved neutron reflectometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed two kinetically distinct phases in the pore formation process, both of which were critically dependent on cardiolipin levels. The initially fast adsorption of Bax on the mitochondrial membrane surface is followed by a slower formation of pores and Bax-lipid clusters on the membrane surface. Our findings provide a robust molecular understanding of mitochondrial membrane perforation by cell-killing Bax protein and illuminate the initial phases of programmed cellular death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke A. Clifton
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 OQX, UK
| | - Hanna P. Wacklin-Knecht
- European Spallation Source ERIC, ESS, P.O. Box 176, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Ådén
- Department of Chemistry, University of Umeå, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ameeq Ul Mushtaq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Umeå, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tobias Sparrman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Umeå, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Gröbner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Umeå, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Flores-Romero H, Dadsena S, García-Sáez AJ. Mitochondrial pores at the crossroad between cell death and inflammatory signaling. Mol Cell 2023; 83:843-856. [PMID: 36931255 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles with a major role in many cellular processes, including not only energy production, metabolism, and calcium homeostasis but also regulated cell death and innate immunity. Their proteobacterial origin makes them a rich source of potent immune agonists, normally hidden within the mitochondrial membrane barriers. Alteration of mitochondrial permeability through mitochondrial pores thus provides efficient mechanisms not only to communicate mitochondrial stress to the cell but also as a key event in the integration of cellular responses. In this regard, eukaryotic cells have developed diverse signaling networks that sense and respond to the release of mitochondrial components into the cytosol and play a key role in controlling cell death and inflammatory pathways. Modulating pore formation at mitochondria through direct or indirect mechanisms may thus open new opportunities for therapy. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the structure and molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial pores and how they function at the interface between cell death and inflammatory signaling to regulate cellular outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hector Flores-Romero
- Institute for Genetics, CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shashank Dadsena
- Institute for Genetics, CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ana J García-Sáez
- Institute for Genetics, CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dai H, Peterson KL, Flatten KS, Meng XW, Venkatachalam A, Correia C, Ramirez-Alvarado M, Pang YP, Kaufmann SH. A BAK subdomain that binds mitochondrial lipids selectively and releases cytochrome C. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:794-808. [PMID: 36376382 PMCID: PMC9984382 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01083-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
How BAK and BAX induce mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) permeabilization (MOMP) during apoptosis is incompletely understood. Here we have used molecular dynamics simulations, surface plasmon resonance, and assays for membrane permeabilization in vitro and in vivo to assess the structure and function of selected BAK subdomains and their derivatives. Results of these studies demonstrate that BAK helical regions α5 and α6 bind the MOM lipid cardiolipin. While individual peptides corresponding to these helical regions lack the full biological activity of BAK, tandem peptides corresponding to α4-α5, α5-α6, or α6-α7/8 can localize exogenous proteins to mitochondria, permeabilize liposomes composed of MOM lipids, and cause MOMP in the absence of the remainder of the BAK protein. Importantly, the ability of these tandem helices to induce MOMP under cell-free conditions is diminished by mutations that disrupt the U-shaped helix-turn-helix structure of the tandem peptides or decrease their lipid binding. Likewise, BAK-induced apoptosis in intact cells is diminished by CLS1 gene interruption, which decreases mitochondrial cardiolipin content, or by BAK mutations that disrupt the U-shaped tandem peptide structure or diminish lipid binding. Collectively, these results suggest that BAK structural rearrangements during apoptosis might mobilize helices involved in specific protein-lipid interactions that are critical for MOMP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Dai
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Kevin L Peterson
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Karen S Flatten
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - X Wei Meng
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Cristina Correia
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Yuan-Ping Pang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Barisch C, Holthuis JCM, Cosentino K. Membrane damage and repair: a thin line between life and death. Biol Chem 2023; 404:467-490. [PMID: 36810295 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Bilayered membranes separate cells from their surroundings and form boundaries between intracellular organelles and the cytosol. Gated transport of solutes across membranes enables cells to establish vital ion gradients and a sophisticated metabolic network. However, an advanced compartmentalization of biochemical reactions makes cells also particularly vulnerable to membrane damage inflicted by pathogens, chemicals, inflammatory responses or mechanical stress. To avoid potentially lethal consequences of membrane injuries, cells continuously monitor the structural integrity of their membranes and readily activate appropriate pathways to plug, patch, engulf or shed the damaged membrane area. Here, we review recent insights into the cellular mechanisms that underly an effective maintenance of membrane integrity. We discuss how cells respond to membrane lesions caused by bacterial toxins and endogenous pore-forming proteins, with a primary focus on the intimate crosstalk between membrane proteins and lipids during wound formation, detection and elimination. We also discuss how a delicate balance between membrane damage and repair determines cell fate upon bacterial infection or activation of pro-inflammatory cell death pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Barisch
- Molecular Infection Biology Division, Department of Biology and Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Joost C M Holthuis
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology and Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Katia Cosentino
- Molecular Cell Biophysics Division, Department of Biology and Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shin G, Lim SI. Unveiling the biological interface of protein complexes by mass spectrometry-coupled methods. Proteins 2022; 91:593-607. [PMID: 36573681 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Most biomolecules become functional and bioactive by forming protein complexes through interaction with ligands that are diverse in size, shape, and physicochemical properties. In the complex biological milieu, the interaction is ligand-specific, driven by molecular sensing, and involves the recognition of a binding interface localized within a protein structure. Mapping interfaces of protein complexes is a highly sought area of research as it delivers fundamental insights into proteomes and pathology and hence strategies for therapeutics. While X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy remain the gold standard for structural elucidation of protein complexes, their artificial and static analytic nature often produces a non-native interface that otherwise might be negligible or non-existent in a biological environment. Recently, the mass spectrometry-coupled approaches, chemical crosslinking (CLMS) and hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDMS) have become valuable analytic complements to the traditional techniques. These methods explicitly identify hot residues and motifs embedded in binding interfaces, especially when the interaction is predominantly dynamic, transient, and/or caused by an intrinsically disordered domain. Here, we review the principal role of CLMS and HDMS in protein structural biology with a particular emphasis on the contribution of recent examples to exploring biological interfaces. Additionally, we describe recent studies that utilized these methods to expand our understanding of protein complex formation and the related biological processes, to increase the probability of structure-based drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goeun Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sung In Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pore-forming proteins as drivers of membrane permeabilization in cell death pathways. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 24:312-333. [PMID: 36543934 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00564-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) relies on activation and recruitment of pore-forming proteins (PFPs) that function as executioners of specific cell death pathways: apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX), BCL-2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK) and BCL-2-related ovarian killer protein (BOK) for apoptosis, gasdermins (GSDMs) for pyroptosis and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) for necroptosis. Inactive precursors of PFPs are converted into pore-forming entities through activation, membrane recruitment, membrane insertion and oligomerization. These mechanisms involve protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions, proteolytic processing and phosphorylation. In this Review, we discuss the structural rearrangements incurred by RCD-related PFPs and describe the mechanisms that manifest conversion from autoinhibited to membrane-embedded molecular states. We further discuss the formation and maturation of membrane pores formed by BAX/BAK/BOK, GSDMs and MLKL, leading to diverse pore architectures. Lastly, we highlight commonalities and differences of PFP mechanisms involving BAX/BAK/BOK, GSDMs and MLKL and conclude with a discussion on how, in a population of challenged cells, the coexistence of cell death modalities may have profound physiological and pathophysiological implications.
Collapse
|
13
|
Xie L, Zhang J, Yan H, Cai Y, Xu L. β-elemene induced apoptosis and senescence of triple-negative breast cancer cells through IGF1/IGF1R pathway. Tissue Cell 2022; 79:101914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
14
|
Qian S, Wei Z, Yang W, Huang J, Yang Y, Wang J. The role of BCL-2 family proteins in regulating apoptosis and cancer therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:985363. [PMID: 36313628 PMCID: PMC9597512 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.985363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, as a very important biological process, is a response to developmental cues or cellular stress. Impaired apoptosis plays a central role in the development of cancer and also reduces the efficacy of traditional cytotoxic therapies. Members of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) protein family have pro- or anti-apoptotic activities and have been studied intensively over the past decade for their importance in regulating apoptosis, tumorigenesis, and cellular responses to anticancer therapy. Since the inflammatory response induced by apoptosis-induced cell death is very small, at present, the development of anticancer drugs targeting apoptosis has attracted more and more attention. Consequently, the focus of this review is to summarize the current research on the role of BCL-2 family proteins in regulating apoptosis and the development of drugs targeting BCL-2 anti-apoptotic proteins. Additionally, the mechanism of BCL-2 family proteins in regulating apoptosis was also explored. All the findings indicate the potential of BCL-2 family proteins in the therapy of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Qian
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zhong Wei
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Wanting Yang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jinling Huang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yinfeng Yang
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
ASIC1a induces mitochondrial apoptotic responses in acute lung injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 934:175296. [PMID: 36162458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the promoting effect of acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and its mechanisms. METHODS In this experiment, the ALI rat model was induced by intratracheal injection of LPS, and the ASIC1a specific blocker psalmotoxin-1 (PcTx-1) was injected into the tail vein before LPS administration once. Western blot, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR methods were used to detect ASIC1a and apoptosis-related proteins expressions in lung tissue and RLE-6TN rat type II alveolar epithelial cells. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy was used to detect Ca2+ fluorescence intensity in RLE-6TN cells. RESULTS PcTx-1 pretreatment not only inhibited the pathological changes of LPS-induced ALI in lung tissue, but also inhibited lung dysfunction. PcTx-1 also reduced the increased levels of the apoptosis-related proteins B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X (Bax) and cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (Cleaved caspase-3) and increased the decreased level of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in the lung tissue of the model group. LPS-induced changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and calcium influx in alveolar epithelial cells were also reversed by PcTx-1. CONCLUSION ASIC1a induces an apoptotic response in ALI through mitochondrial apoptosis.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu J, Wu Z, Wang H, Geng H, Huo J, Zhu X, Zhu X. Vitamin D Ameliorates Apoptosis and Inflammation by Targeting the Mitochondrial and MEK1/2-ERK1/2 Pathways in Hyperoxia-Induced Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4891-4906. [PMID: 36046664 PMCID: PMC9423049 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s371906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common and severe complication in preterm infants. Vitamin D (VitD) has been reported to protect against BPD; however, its role in the mitochondria-mediated and MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathways has not yet been reported. Methods We first performed in vivo studies using neonatal C57BL/6 mice in which we induced BPD by exposing them to a hyperoxic environment (85% O2). The mice were divided into room air (RA; 21% O2), RA+VitD, BPD, and BPD+VitD groups. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining were used to evaluate lung injury. Inflammation and apoptosis were measured using ELISA, RT-qPCR, and TUNEL assays. We then analyzed BEAS-2B cells divided into the same groups along with an additional BPD+VitD+inhibitor group. Mitochondrial apoptosis was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, mitochondrial membrane potential, and Western blotting. We then used VDR-shRNA to silence the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) in the BEAS-2B cells. The inflammation, apoptotic rate, and the phosphorylated forms of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 in cells were detected by RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. Results The mean linear intercept, septal thickness, and abnormal fibrosis increased, while radial alveolar count decreased in BPD lungs compared to RA lungs. VitD administration was able to ameliorate the phenotype in BPD lungs. IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α expression and the apoptotic rate decreased in the BPD+VitD lung group. VitD pretreatment restored abnormal mitochondrial morphology, reduced mitochondrial membrane loss, and reduced the expression of cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 in BEAS-2B cells. VitD administration also reduced IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α mRNA, as well as pMEK1/2 and pERK1/2 expression and apoptosis rate in cells exposed to hyperoxia. Conclusion We concluded that VitD treatment ameliorated apoptosis and inflammation by targeting the mitochondrial pathway and via the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway in BPD, thus supporting its potential therapeutic use in this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Hu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Neonatal Medical Center, Huai'an Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Wu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Geng
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Huo
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neonatology, Yangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Intervention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions of pore-forming BCL-2 family proteins in apoptosis initiation. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1091-1103. [PMID: 35521828 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a common cell death program that is important in human health and disease. Signaling in apoptosis is largely driven through protein-protein interactions. The BCL-2 family proteins function in protein-protein interactions as key regulators of mitochondrial poration, the process that initiates apoptosis through the release of cytochrome c, which activates the apoptotic caspase cascade leading to cellular demolition. The BCL-2 pore-forming proteins BAK and BAX are the key executors of mitochondrial poration. We review the state of knowledge of protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions governing the apoptotic function of BAK and BAX, as determined through X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy studies. BAK and BAX are dormant, globular α-helical proteins that participate in protein-protein interactions with other pro-death BCL-2 family proteins, transforming them into active, partially unfolded proteins that dimerize and associate with and permeabilize mitochondrial membranes. We compare the protein-protein interactions observed in high-resolution structures with those derived in silico by AlphaFold, making predictions based on combining experimental and in silico approaches to delineate the structural basis for novel protein-protein interaction complexes of BCL-2 family proteins.
Collapse
|
18
|
Gelles JD, Mohammed JN, Chen Y, Sebastian TM, Chipuk JE. A kinetic fluorescence polarization ligand assay for monitoring BAX early activation. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100174. [PMID: 35419554 PMCID: PMC9004659 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Developmental, homeostatic, and pharmacological pro-apoptotic signals converge by activating the BCL-2 family member BAX. Studies investigating molecular regulation of BAX are commonly limited to methodologies measuring endpoint phenotypes and do not assess activation of monomeric BAX. Here, we present FLAMBE, a fluorescence polarization ligand assay for monitoring BAX early activation, that measures activation-induced release of a peptide probe in real time. Using complementary parallel and tandem biochemical techniques, we validate, corroborate, and apply FLAMBE to a contemporary repertoire of BAX modulators, characterizing their contributions within the early steps of BAX activation. Additionally, we use FLAMBE to reveal that historically "dead" BAX mutants remain responsive to activation as quasi-functional monomers. We also identify data metrics for comparative analyses and demonstrate that FLAMBE data align with downstream functional observations. Collectively, FLAMBE advances our understanding of BAX activation and fills a methodological void for studying BAX with broad applications in cell biology and therapeutic development. MOTIVATION In vitro BAX activation studies are invaluable platforms for studying cellular and pharmacological modulators of apoptosis. The gold standard for studying BAX function relies on membrane permeabilization assays, which assess the pore-forming activity of oligomeric BAX. However, there are currently no rapid or kinetic assays to interrogate real-time activation of monomeric BAX in solution, thereby limiting any molecular insights that occur upstream of mitochondrial permeabilization. Furthermore, available methods to observe the activation of monomeric BAX suffer from low throughput and static observations. To address this methodological gap, we developed FLAMBE, a kinetic fluorescence polarization-based assay to measure monomeric BAX activation in solution via concomitant displacement of a labeled peptide. This approach maintains the benefits of rapid kinetic data generation in a low-cost microplate format without requiring specialized equipment or large quantities of protein. FLAMBE compliments available experimental strategies and expands the accessibility of investigators to monitor early steps within the BAX activation continuum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D. Gelles
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology in Human Health and Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jarvier N. Mohammed
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology in Human Health and Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yiyang Chen
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology in Human Health and Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tara M. Sebastian
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology in Human Health and Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jerry Edward Chipuk
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology in Human Health and Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jenner A, Peña-Blanco A, Salvador-Gallego R, Ugarte-Uribe B, Zollo C, Ganief T, Bierlmeier J, Mund M, Lee JE, Ries J, Schwarzer D, Macek B, Garcia-Saez AJ. DRP1 interacts directly with BAX to induce its activation and apoptosis. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108587. [PMID: 35023587 PMCID: PMC9016351 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The apoptotic executioner protein BAX and the dynamin‐like protein DRP1 co‐localize at mitochondria during apoptosis to mediate mitochondrial permeabilization and fragmentation. However, the molecular basis and functional consequences of this interplay remain unknown. Here, we show that BAX and DRP1 physically interact, and that this interaction is enhanced during apoptosis. Complex formation between BAX and DRP1 occurs exclusively in the membrane environment and requires the BAX N‐terminal region, but also involves several other BAX surfaces. Furthermore, the association between BAX and DRP1 enhances the membrane activity of both proteins. Forced dimerization of BAX and DRP1 triggers their activation and translocation to mitochondria, where they induce mitochondrial remodeling and permeabilization to cause apoptosis even in the absence of apoptotic triggers. Based on this, we propose that DRP1 can promote apoptosis by acting as noncanonical direct activator of BAX through physical contacts with its N‐terminal region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Jenner
- Institute for Genetics, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aida Peña-Blanco
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Begoña Ugarte-Uribe
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cristiana Zollo
- Institute for Genetics, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tariq Ganief
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Bierlmeier
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Mund
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jonas Ries
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Boris Macek
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ana J Garcia-Saez
- Institute for Genetics, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ye Q, Jiang Z, Xie Y, Xu Y, Ye Y, Ma L, Pei L. MY11 exerts antitumor effects through activation of the NF-κB/PUMA signaling pathway in breast cancer. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:922-933. [PMID: 35759135 PMCID: PMC9395444 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, and the discovery of new effective breast cancer therapies with lower toxicity is still needed. We screened a series of chalcone derivatives and found that MY11 ((E)-1-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-piperazinylphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one) had the strongest anti-breast cancer activity. MY11 inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells by arresting the cell cycle and promoting apoptosis, through regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins. PDTC (Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate ammonium), a specific inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway, abolished the inhibitory effect of MY11 treatment. NF-κB has been shown to regulate PUMA-dependent apoptosis. Our in vitro studies demonstrated that MY11 promoted breast cancer cell apoptosis by activating the NF-κB/PUMA/mitochondrial apoptosis pathway (including Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-9). MY11 also inhibited tumor growth in an orthotopic breast cancer mouse model by inducing apoptosis through the NF-κB signaling pathway, importantly, with minimal toxicity. In addition, MY11 was found by docking analysis to bind to p65, which might enhance the stability of the p65 protein. Taken together, our findings indicate that MY11 exerts a significant anticancer effect in breast cancer and that it may be a potential candidate for the treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Ye
- Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ziwei Jiang
- Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yiyi Ye
- Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Lixia Pei
- Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
James EI, Murphree TA, Vorauer C, Engen JR, Guttman M. Advances in Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry and the Pursuit of Challenging Biological Systems. Chem Rev 2021; 122:7562-7623. [PMID: 34493042 PMCID: PMC9053315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Solution-phase hydrogen/deuterium
exchange (HDX) coupled to mass
spectrometry (MS) is a widespread tool for structural analysis across
academia and the biopharmaceutical industry. By monitoring the exchangeability
of backbone amide protons, HDX-MS can reveal information about higher-order
structure and dynamics throughout a protein, can track protein folding
pathways, map interaction sites, and assess conformational states
of protein samples. The combination of the versatility of the hydrogen/deuterium
exchange reaction with the sensitivity of mass spectrometry has enabled
the study of extremely challenging protein systems, some of which
cannot be suitably studied using other techniques. Improvements over
the past three decades have continually increased throughput, robustness,
and expanded the limits of what is feasible for HDX-MS investigations.
To provide an overview for researchers seeking to utilize and derive
the most from HDX-MS for protein structural analysis, we summarize
the fundamental principles, basic methodology, strengths and weaknesses,
and the established applications of HDX-MS while highlighting new
developments and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellie I James
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Taylor A Murphree
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Clint Vorauer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - John R Engen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Miklos Guttman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bloch NB, Wales TE, Prew MS, Levy HR, Engen JR, Walensky LD. The conformational stability of pro-apoptotic BAX is dictated by discrete residues of the protein core. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4932. [PMID: 34389733 PMCID: PMC8363748 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BAX is a pro-apoptotic member of the BCL-2 family, which regulates the balance between cellular life and death. During homeostasis, BAX predominantly resides in the cytosol as a latent monomer but, in response to stress, transforms into an oligomeric protein that permeabilizes the mitochondria, leading to apoptosis. Because renegade BAX activation poses a grave risk to the cell, the architecture of BAX must ensure monomeric stability yet enable conformational change upon stress signaling. The specific structural features that afford both stability and dynamic flexibility remain ill-defined and represent a critical control point of BAX regulation. We identify a nexus of interactions involving four residues of the BAX core α5 helix that are individually essential to maintaining the structure and latency of monomeric BAX and are collectively required for dimeric assembly. The dual yet distinct roles of these residues reveals the intricacy of BAX conformational regulation and opportunities for therapeutic modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noah B Bloch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas E Wales
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle S Prew
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah R Levy
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John R Engen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Loren D Walensky
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu B, Yan X, Hou Z, Zhang L, Zhang D. Impact of Bupivacaine on malignant proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of human colorectal cancer SW480 cells through regulating NF-κB signaling path. Bioengineered 2021; 12:2723-2733. [PMID: 34151717 PMCID: PMC8806862 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1937911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To probe into the impact of Bupivacaine on colorectal cancer (CRC) proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy through regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Our work treated CRC cells with Bupivacaine, detected cell vitality through MTT assay, apoptosis through flow cytometry, cell migration through wound healing assay, NF-κB activity through immunofluorescence, inflammatory factor level, including TNF-α, IL-1β as well as IL-6 through ESLIA, apoptosis factor mRNA expression, including Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3q through qRT-PCR, and protein expression linking with NF-κB signaling pathway as well as autophagy-related proteins via western blot. In in vivo experiments, we explored the impact of Bupivacaine on tumor volume, tumor and NF-κB expression. The results showed that 1 mM Bupivacaine was available to signally inhibit CRC cell vitality, promoted apoptosis rate and apoptosis gene expression, like Bax, and caspase-3, inhibited Bcl-2 expression, inhibited cancer cell migration, promoted autophagy-related protein LC3B II/LC3B I ratio and beclin-1 expression, and inhibited p62 expression. Additionally, it could elevate inflammatory factor level and induce IKK and IκB phosphorylation as well as NF-κB proteins. In in vivo experiments, Bupivacaine inhibited tumor volume and tumor, as well as NF-κB expression. In short, bupivacaine is available to inhibit CRC proliferation through regulating NF-κB signaling pathway, promote apoptosis and autophagy, and can be used as a potential drug to treat CRC in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingwu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Children and Women's Healthcare of Jinan City, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinfeng Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Children and Women's Healthcare of Jinan City, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zuojia Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laiwu People's Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laiwu Iron and Steel Group Laiwu Mining Co., Ltd. Staff Hospital, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Duwen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Huang G, Ge Y, Gui Z, Zhu M, Liu J, Wang H. Toxicity of Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. and its effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:807. [PMID: 34093763 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. (MDL) is component used in traditional Chinese medicine that is widely distributed throughout southern China. MDL has been long utilized in clinical treatment for various conditions, such as inflammation. However, the toxicity and underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism of MDL remain to be elucidated. In the present study, Sprague-Dawley rats received intragastric administration of MDL for 2 months, and the toxicity of MDL was investigated. The rats were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 8 h to determine the potential anti-inflammatory mechanism of MDL. The results demonstrated that MDL alone did not affect the expression levels of factors associated with inflammation (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO)] in the rat serum and exerted no effects on rat liver and kidneys. By contrast, MDL attenuated LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress by regulating specific cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, SOD and NO in the rat serum and alleviated LPS-induced liver and kidney damage. Additionally, compared with the LPS group, MDL inhibited CD4+ T cell differentiation into Th1 and Th17 cells and enhanced CD4+ T cell differentiation into Th2 and Treg cells. MDL also suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial apoptosis by modulating mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins in spleen CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated the non-toxic nature of MDL and revealed that it alleviated LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress by regulating differentiation and ROS production in CD4+ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Yuli Ge
- Department of Infection, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Gui
- Department of Nephrology, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Meixiao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Scientific Research Office, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Huafu Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Birkinshaw RW, Iyer S, Lio D, Luo CS, Brouwer JM, Miller MS, Robin AY, Uren RT, Dewson G, Kluck RM, Colman PM, Czabotar PE. Structure of detergent-activated BAK dimers derived from the inert monomer. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2123-2134.e5. [PMID: 33794146 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A body of data supports the existence of core (α2-α5) dimers of BAK and BAX in the oligomeric, membrane-perturbing conformation of these essential apoptotic effector molecules. Molecular structures for these dimers have only been captured for truncated constructs encompassing the core domain alone. Here, we report a crystal structure of BAK α2-α8 dimers (i.e., minus its flexible N-terminal helix and membrane-anchoring C-terminal segment) that has been obtained through the activation of monomeric BAK with the detergent C12E8. Core dimers are evident, linked through the crystal by contacts via latch (α6-α8) domains. This crystal structure shows activated BAK dimers with the extended latch domain present. Our data provide direct evidence for the conformational change converting BAK from inert monomer to the functional dimer that destroys mitochondrial integrity. This dimer is the smallest functional unit for recombinant BAK or BAX described so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Birkinshaw
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Sweta Iyer
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Daisy Lio
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Cindy S Luo
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jason M Brouwer
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michelle S Miller
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Adeline Y Robin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Rachel T Uren
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Grant Dewson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ruth M Kluck
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Peter M Colman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yu W, Liao J, Yang F, Zhang H, Chang X, Yang Y, Bilal RM, Wei G, Liang W, Guo J, Tang Z. Chronic tribasic copper chloride exposure induces rat liver damage by disrupting the mitophagy and apoptosis pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 212:111968. [PMID: 33550083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that copper (Cu) is a vital micronutrient to maintain body function, high doses of Cu through environmental exposure damage various organs, especially the liver, which is the main metabolic organ. To investigate the influence of long-term Cu-induced toxicity on mitophagy and apoptosis in rat liver, 96 seven-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed TBCC for 24 weeks. The results revealed that exposure to high Cu concentrations could promote oxidative stress liver injury by increasing the hepatic function index (ALT, AST and ALP) and MDA content, while reducing the activity of antioxidant enzymes (T-SOD, GSH-Px and CAT) related to oxidative stress. Consistent with histopathological observations, proper dietary Cu (15-60 mg/kg) could improve antioxidant stress levels and induce a dose-dependent increase in the mRNA expression of mitophagy-related genes, whereas a high Cu concentration (120 mg/kg) could cause severe liver impairment and ultrastructural changes and a reduction in mitophagosomes, accompanied by downregulation of Atg5, Beclin1, Pink1, Parkin, NIX, P62 and LC3B. The expression of apoptosis-related genes (Bax, Bax/Bcl-2, Caspase3, Cytc and p53) and proteins (Caspase3 and p53) was upregulated with the addition of dietary Cu. The results demonstrated that an appropriate dose of TBCC could improve liver function by promoting mitophagy and Cu enzymes that play antioxidative roles, while the accumulation of excess Cu could induce liver lesions by enhancing apoptosis and inhibiting mitophagy pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaoyue Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yanyang Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Rana Muhammad Bilal
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Pakistan
| | - Guimei Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wenqing Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianying Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang Z, Huang B, Zhang XC, Lin J. Cysteine-based crosslinking approach for characterization of oligomeric pore-forming proteins in the mitochondrial membranes. Methods Enzymol 2021; 649:371-396. [PMID: 33712193 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are important not only to healthy but also dying cells. In particular, apoptotic cell death initiates when the mitochondrial outer membrane is permeabilized by Bax, a protein of the Bcl-2 family. Bax shares a structural fold with some α-helical bacterial pore-forming toxins before these proteins actively engage membranes. Despite decades of intensive research, the structures of the pores formed by these proteins are mostly unknown, mainly because the pores are assembled by different numbers of the proteins whose conformation and interaction are highly dynamic. Site-specific crosslinking of the pore-forming proteins in cellular membranes where the pores are assembled is a powerful approach to assess the biological pore structure, dynamics and function. In this chapter, we describe a cysteine-based site-specific crosslinking protocol for the Bax protein in the mitochondrial membrane. We discuss the expected results and the resulting structural-functional models for the pore-forming Bax oligomer, in comparison with other crosslinking approaches that have been used to study other mitochondrial protein complexes. At the end, we highlight the advantages of the crosslinking approaches as well as the limitations and alternative approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Bo Huang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun C Zhang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jialing Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xie G, Huang X, Li H, Wang P, Huang P. Caffeine-related effects on cognitive performance: Roles of apoptosis in rat hippocampus following sleep deprivation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:632-638. [PMID: 33213844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is a common stimulant widely existed in food and has stimulatory effects on the central nervous system, shift-work individuals often rely on caffeine to maintain attention and keep awake. Although sleep deprivation (SD) is widely considered as an independent risk factor for cognition retardations, however, little is well understood about the synergistic role of caffeine dosage and SD for cognitive performance. This research intended to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of varying caffeine doses on cognitive function after sleep deprivation. The results revealed that SD attenuated the cognitive dysfunction, associated with ultrastructure damage and pyramidal neuron loss in the hippocampus, decreased in the level of VIP and AVP. SD also significantly accelerated the neuropeptide-associated apoptosis in the hippocampus, which may modulate via the cAMP-PKA-CREB signal path axis and activation of the downstream apoptosis genes. Additionally, the data indicated that low-dose caffeine (LC) contributed to cognitive enhancement, and high-dose caffeine (HC) aggravated cognitive impairment by modulating hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. Our studies suggest that caffeine, particularly in high dosage, may be a potential factor to influence the neurocognitive outcome caused by sleep loss, and the appropriate amount of caffeine ingested after sleep deprivation deserves serious consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangjing Xie
- Basic Medical Sciences College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Basic Medical Sciences College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hao Li
- 712 Research Institute, CSIC, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Basic Medical Sciences College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Panpan Huang
- Basic Medical Sciences College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cowan AD, Smith NA, Sandow JJ, Kapp EA, Rustam YH, Murphy JM, Brouwer JM, Bernardini JP, Roy MJ, Wardak AZ, Tan IK, Webb AI, Gulbis JM, Smith BJ, Reid GE, Dewson G, Colman PM, Czabotar PE. BAK core dimers bind lipids and can be bridged by them. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:1024-1031. [DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|