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Zhou Y, Chen L, Hao S, Cao X, Ni S. Zebrafish ANGPT4, member of fibrinogen-related proteins, is an LTA-, LPS- and PGN-binding protein with a bacteriolytic activity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 147:109451. [PMID: 38360193 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) are a family of glycoproteins that contain a fibrinogen-like (FBG) domain. Many members of FREPs have been shown to play an important role in innate immune response in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Here we reported the immune functional characterization of ANGPT4, member of FREPs, in zebrafish Danio rerio. Quantitative real time PCR showed that the expression of zebrafish ANGPT4 gene is up-regulated by the challenge with lipoteichoic acid (LTA) or lipopolysaccharides (LPS), hinting its involvement in innate immune response. The recombinant ANGPT4 (rANGPT4) could bind to both gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and the gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophila as well as the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on the bacterial surfaces including LTA, LPS and peptidoglycan (PGN), suggesting it capable of identifying pathogens via LTA, LPS and PGN. In addition, rANGPT4 also displayed strong bacteriolytic activities against both gram-positive and -negative bacteria tested via inducing membrane depolarization and intracellular ROS production. Moreover, the bacterial clearance assay in vivo showed that the rANGPT4 could also accelerate the clearance of bacteria in zebrafish embryos/larvae. Finally, we showed that the eukaryotically expressed recombinant ANGPT4 maintained antibacterial activity and binding activity to bacteria and LTA, LPS and PGN. All these suggested that ANGPT4 could not only capable of recognizing pathogens via LTA, LPS and PGN, but also capable of killing the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, in innate immune response. This work also provides further information to understand the biological roles of FREPs and the innate immunity in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Songtao Hao
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xianke Cao
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shousheng Ni
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, China.
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Williams HM, Moeller JB, Burns I, Schlosser A, Sorensen GL, Greenhough TJ, Holmskov U, Shrive AK. Crystal structures of human immune protein FIBCD1 suggest an extended binding site compatible with recognition of pathogen-associated carbohydrate motifs. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105552. [PMID: 38072065 PMCID: PMC10825690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen C domain-containing protein 1 (FIBCD1) is an immune protein proposed to be involved in host recognition of chitin on the surface of pathogens. As FIBCD1 readily binds acetylated molecules, we have determined the high-resolution crystal structures of a recombinant fragment of the FIBCD1 C-terminal domain complexed with small N-acetyl-containing ligands to determine the mode of recognition. All ligands bind at the conserved N-acetyl-binding site (S1) with galactose and glucose-derived ligands rotated 180° relative to each other. One subunit of a native structure derived from protein expressed in mammalian cells binds glycosylation from a neighboring subunit, in an extended binding site. Across the various structures, the primary S1 binding pocket is occupied by N-acetyl-containing ligands or acetate, with N-acetyl, acetate, or sulfate ion in an adjacent pocket S1(2). Inhibition binding studies of N-acetylglucosamine oligomers, (GlcNAc)n, n = 1, 2, 3, 5, 11, via ELISA along with microscale thermophoresis affinity assays indicate a strong preference of FIBCD1 for longer N-acetylchitooligosaccharides. Binding studies of mutant H396A, located beyond the S1(2) site, showed no significant difference from wildtype, but K381L, within the S1(2) pocket, blocked binding to the model ligand acetylated bovine serum albumin, suggesting that S1(2) may have functional importance in ligand binding. The binding studies, alongside structural definition of diverse N-acetyl monosaccharide binding in the primary S1 pocket and of additional, adjacent binding pockets, able to accommodate both carbohydrate and sulfate functional groups, suggest a versatility in FIBCD1 to recognize chitin oligomers and other pathogen-associated carbohydrate motifs across an extended surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry M Williams
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jesper B Moeller
- Cancer and Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ian Burns
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Anders Schlosser
- Cancer and Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Grith L Sorensen
- Cancer and Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Uffe Holmskov
- Cancer and Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Annette K Shrive
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom.
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Gómez-Archila LG, Palomino-Schätzlein M, Zapata-Builes W, Rugeles MT, Galeano E. Plasma metabolomics by nuclear magnetic resonance reveals biomarkers and metabolic pathways associated with the control of HIV-1 infection/progression. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1204273. [PMID: 37457832 PMCID: PMC10339029 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1204273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
How the human body reacts to the exposure of HIV-1 is an important research goal. Frequently, HIV exposure leads to infection, but some individuals show natural resistance to this infection; they are known as HIV-1-exposed but seronegative (HESN). Others, although infected but without antiretroviral therapy, control HIV-1 replication and progression to AIDS; they are named controllers, maintaining low viral levels and an adequate count of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Biological mechanisms explaining these phenomena are not precise. In this context, metabolomics emerges as a method to find metabolites in response to pathophysiological stimuli, which can help to establish mechanisms of natural resistance to HIV-1 infection and its progression. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 30 HESN, 14 HIV-1 progressors, 14 controllers and 30 healthy controls. Plasma samples (directly and deproteinized) were analyzed through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) metabolomics to find biomarkers and altered metabolic pathways. The metabolic profile analysis of progressors, controllers and HESN demonstrated significant differences with healthy controls when a discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied. In the discriminant models, 13 metabolites associated with HESN, 14 with progressors and 12 with controllers were identified, which presented statistically significant mean differences with healthy controls. In progressors, the metabolites were related to high energy expenditure (creatinine), mood disorders (tyrosine) and immune activation (lipoproteins), phenomena typical of the natural course of the infection. In controllers, they were related to an inflammation-modulating profile (glutamate and pyruvate) and a better adaptive immune system response (acetate) associated with resistance to progression. In the HESN group, with anti-inflammatory (lactate and phosphocholine) and virucidal (lactate) effects which constitute a protective profile in the sexual transmission of HIV. Concerning the significant metabolites of each group, we identified 24 genes involved in HIV-1 replication or virus proteins that were all altered in progressors but only partially in controllers and HESN. In summary, our results indicate that exposure to HIV-1 in HESN, as well as infection in progressors and controllers, affects the metabolism of individuals and that this affectation can be determined using NMR metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- León Gabriel Gómez-Archila
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Farmacéuticas ICIF-CES, Facultad de Ciencias y Biotecnología, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Wildeman Zapata-Builes
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Maria T. Rugeles
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Elkin Galeano
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
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Lu J, Duan J, Han Y, Gou M, Li J, Li Q, Pang Y. A novel serum spherical lectin from lamprey reveals a more efficient mechanism of immune initiation and regulation in jawless vertebrates. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:102. [PMID: 36418956 PMCID: PMC9682848 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the body's first line of defense against pathogens and involves antibody and complement system-mediated antigen removal. Immune-response-related complement molecules have been identified in lamprey, and the occurrence of innate immune response via the mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteases of the lectin cascade has been reported. We have previously shown that lamprey (Lampetra japonica) serum can efficiently and specifically eliminate foreign pathogens. Therefore, we aimed to understand the immune mechanism of lamprey serum in this study. We identified and purified a novel spherical lectin (LSSL) from lamprey serum. LSSL had two structural calcium ions coordinated with conserved amino acids, as determined through cryogenic electron microscopy. LSSL showed high binding capacity with microbial and mammalian glycans and demonstrated agglutination activity against bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LSSL was transferred from phage transposons to the lamprey genome via horizontal gene transfer. Furthermore, LSSL was associated with mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease 1 and promoted the deposition of the C3 fragment on the surface of target cells upon binding. These results led us to conclude that LSSL initiates and regulates agglutination, resulting in exogenous pathogen and tumor cell eradication. Our observations will give a greater understanding of the origin and evolution of the complement system in higher vertebrates and lead to the identification of novel immune molecules and pathways for defense against pathogens and tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Lu
- grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China ,grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China
| | - Jinsong Duan
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Yinglun Han
- grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China ,grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China
| | - Meng Gou
- grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China ,grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China
| | - Jun Li
- grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China ,grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China
| | - Qingwei Li
- grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China ,grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China
| | - Yue Pang
- grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China ,grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China
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Liu Y, Zhang A, Guo N, Hao Q, Li F. A pattern recognition receptor ficolin from Portunus trituberculatus (Ptficolin) regulating immune defense and hemolymph coagulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:558-572. [PMID: 36089094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ficolins, belonging to the fibrinogen-related protein superfamily, are important pattern recognition receptors in innate immunity. Here, a ficolin gene Ptficolin was characterized from the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. The completed cDNA sequence of Ptficolin encoded a signal peptide, a coiled-coil region and a fibrinogen-like domain but without the typical collagen region of vertebrate ficolins. Ptficolin showed higher expression in stomach and hepatopancreas, and presented a time-dependent response after pathogen challenge and injury stimulation. The recombinant Ptficolin (rPtficolin) could bind to various PAMPs and microorganisms, and agglutinate microorganisms and rabbit erythrocytes in a Ca2+-dependent manner, with strong binding ability to N-acetyl sugars. Meanwhile, rPtficolin promoted the hemocyte phagocytosis and clearance activity of Vibrio, while Ptficolin knockdown impaired the bacterial phagocytosis and clearance ability, suggesting the opsonin activity of Ptficolin. Knockdown of Ptficolin could downregulate the transcription of most complement-like genes and AMPs, but enhance the expression of most proPO system-related genes and key genes of Toll, IMD and JNK pathways. Moreover, knockdown of Ptficolin led to the increased hemolymph clotting time and the decreased expression of clotting-related genes. Our results indicate that Ptficolin could recognize and eliminate invading pathogens, and might be a prominent component in hemolymph coagulation of crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ao Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Na Guo
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Fell CW, Hagelkruys A, Cicvaric A, Horrer M, Liu L, Li JSS, Stadlmann J, Polyansky AA, Mereiter S, Tejada MA, Kokotović T, Achuta VS, Scaramuzza A, Twyman KA, Morrow MM, Juusola J, Yan H, Wang J, Burmeister M, Choudhury B, Andersen TL, Wirnsberger G, Holmskov U, Perrimon N, Žagrović B, Monje FJ, Moeller JB, Penninger JM, Nagy V. FIBCD1 is an endocytic GAG receptor associated with a novel neurodevelopmental disorder. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15829. [PMID: 35916241 PMCID: PMC9449597 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202215829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-exome sequencing of two patients with idiopathic complex neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) identified biallelic variants of unknown significance within FIBCD1, encoding an endocytic acetyl group-binding transmembrane receptor with no known function in the central nervous system. We found that FIBCD1 preferentially binds and endocytoses glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chondroitin sulphate-4S (CS-4S) and regulates GAG content of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM). In silico molecular simulation studies and GAG binding analyses of patient variants determined that such variants are loss-of-function by disrupting FIBCD1-CS-4S association. Gene knockdown in flies resulted in morphological disruption of the neuromuscular junction and motor-related behavioural deficits. In humans and mice, FIBCD1 is expressed in discrete brain regions, including the hippocampus. Fibcd1 KO mice exhibited normal hippocampal neuronal morphology but impaired hippocampal-dependent learning. Further, hippocampal synaptic remodelling in acute slices from Fibcd1 KO mice was deficient but restored upon enzymatically modulating the ECM. Together, we identified FIBCD1 as an endocytic receptor for GAGs in the brain ECM and a novel gene associated with an NDD, revealing a critical role in nervous system structure, function and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Fell
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed DiseasesViennaAustria
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Astrid Hagelkruys
- VBC – Vienna BioCenter CampusIMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Ana Cicvaric
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Centre for Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Marion Horrer
- VBC – Vienna BioCenter CampusIMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Lucy Liu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolHoward Hughes Medical InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Joshua Shing Shun Li
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolHoward Hughes Medical InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Johannes Stadlmann
- VBC – Vienna BioCenter CampusIMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of Natural Resource and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Anton A Polyansky
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz LabsUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- MM Shemyakin and Yu A Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic ChemistryRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Stefan Mereiter
- VBC – Vienna BioCenter CampusIMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Miguel Angel Tejada
- VBC – Vienna BioCenter CampusIMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Research Unit on Women's Health‐Institute of Health Research INCLIVAValenciaSpain
| | - Tomislav Kokotović
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed DiseasesViennaAustria
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Venkat Swaroop Achuta
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed DiseasesViennaAustria
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Angelica Scaramuzza
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed DiseasesViennaAustria
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | | | | | - Huifang Yan
- Department of PediatricsPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Joint International Research Center of Translational and Clinical ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Department of PediatricsPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Joint International Research Center of Translational and Clinical ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Michigan Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Psychiatry and Human GeneticsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUCSDLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Thomas Levin Andersen
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of PathologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Pathology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research and Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Gerald Wirnsberger
- VBC – Vienna BioCenter CampusIMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Apeiron Biologics AG, Vienna BioCenter CampusViennaAustria
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- Cancer and Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolHoward Hughes Medical InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Bojan Žagrović
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz LabsUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Francisco J Monje
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Centre for Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Jesper Bonnet Moeller
- Cancer and Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Josef M Penninger
- VBC – Vienna BioCenter CampusIMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Science InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Vanja Nagy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed DiseasesViennaAustria
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Kanaan R, Medlej-Hashim M, Jounblat R, Pilecki B, Sorensen GL. Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 in health and disease. Matrix Biol 2022; 111:1-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Giraudi PJ, Salvoza N, Bonazza D, Saitta C, Lombardo D, Casagranda B, de Manzini N, Pollicino T, Raimondo G, Tiribelli C, Palmisano S, Rosso N. Ficolin-2 Plasma Level Assesses Liver Fibrosis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2813. [PMID: 35269955 PMCID: PMC8911336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the strongest predictor for disease-specific mortality in non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), but the need for liver biopsy limits its diagnosis. We assessed the performance of plasma ficolin-2 (FCN-2) as a biomarker of fibrosis identified by an in silico discovery strategy. Two hundred and thirty-five morbidly obese (MO) subjects with biopsy-proven NAFLD stratified by fibrosis stage (F0, n = 44; F1, n = 134; F2, n = 46; F3/F4, n = 11) and 40 cirrhotic patients were enrolled. The cohort was subdivided into discovery (n = 76) and validation groups (n = 159). The plasma level of FCN-2 and other candidate markers was determined. FCN-2 was inversely correlated with the stage of liver fibrosis (ρ = −0.49, p < 0.001) independently of steatosis (p = 0.90), inflammation (p = 0.57), and ballooning (p = 0.59). In the global cohort, FCN-2 level decreased significantly in a stepwise fashion from F0/F1 (median 4753 ng/mL) to F2−F3−F4 (2760 ng/mL) and in cirrhotic subjects (1418 ng/mL). The diagnostic performance of FCN-2 in detecting F ≥ 2 was higher than other indexes (APRI, FIB-4) (AUROC 0.82, 0.68, and 0.6, respectively). The accuracy improved when combined with APRI score and HDL values (FCNscore, AUROC 0.85). Overall, the FCN-2 plasma level can accurately discriminate liver fibrosis status (minimal vs. moderate/advanced) significantly improving the fibrosis diagnostic algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo J. Giraudi
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Centro Studi Fegato, Area Science Park Basovizza Bldg.Q SS14 Km, 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (N.S.); (C.T.); (S.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Noel Salvoza
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Centro Studi Fegato, Area Science Park Basovizza Bldg.Q SS14 Km, 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (N.S.); (C.T.); (S.P.); (N.R.)
- Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, DOST Compound, Bicutan Taguig City 1631, Philippines
| | - Deborah Bonazza
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Cattinara Hospital, ASUGI, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Carlo Saitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Medicine and Hepatology, Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (D.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Daniele Lombardo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Medicine and Hepatology, Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (D.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Biagio Casagranda
- Surgical Clinic Division, Cattinara Hospital, ASUGI, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (B.C.); (N.d.M.)
| | - Nicolò de Manzini
- Surgical Clinic Division, Cattinara Hospital, ASUGI, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (B.C.); (N.d.M.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Teresa Pollicino
- Department of Human Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Medicine and Hepatology, Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (D.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Centro Studi Fegato, Area Science Park Basovizza Bldg.Q SS14 Km, 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (N.S.); (C.T.); (S.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Silvia Palmisano
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Centro Studi Fegato, Area Science Park Basovizza Bldg.Q SS14 Km, 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (N.S.); (C.T.); (S.P.); (N.R.)
- Surgical Clinic Division, Cattinara Hospital, ASUGI, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (B.C.); (N.d.M.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Natalia Rosso
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Centro Studi Fegato, Area Science Park Basovizza Bldg.Q SS14 Km, 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (N.S.); (C.T.); (S.P.); (N.R.)
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Zou Y, Xu X, Hu Q, Wang Y, Yang H, Zhang Z. Identification and diversity of fibrinogen-related protein (FREP) gene family in Haliotis discus hannai, H. rufescens, and H. laevigata and their responses to Vibrio parahemolyticus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:613-622. [PMID: 34740769 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) are distributed universally in vertebrates and invertebrates. These proteins contain fibrinogen-like (FBG) domains in their C-terminal region and involve in immune responses and other aspects of physiology in invertebrates. In this study, 54 proteins that contain FBG domains or a fibrinogen_c domain were identified in Haliotis discus hannai. Comparatively, 88 and 63 FREPs were identified from the genomes of H. rufescens and H. laevigata. Most FREPs of abalones had a conserved motif containing a bound calcium ion site and a second conserved motif containing a polymerization pocket site. By sequence analysis, 394 SNPs and 11 Indels were identified in 20 FREP genes of the whole genome of H. discus hannai; 992 SNPs and 42 Indels were found in 64 FREPs of H. rufescens, and 192 SNPs and 12 Indels were found in 21 FREPs of H. laevigata. Among these SNPs, 92 missense mutation sites were identified in 26 FREP genes of H. rufescens, and 12 were identified in 8 FREP genes of H. laevigata. Due to the poor genomic integrity, annotations of the SNPs or Indels in H. discus hannai did not yield missense mutant sites. FREP genes with polymorphisms were ubiquitously expressed in all the tested tissues; however, the expression is lowest in the hemolymph. In response to Vibrio parahemolyticus infection, expression of FREP genes was significantly upregulated at different exposure times in gills, hepatopancreas, and hemolymph in H. discus hannai. Overall, this study documented the FREP genes of abalones and shed light on the role of FREPs in the innate immune system of these aquaculture species for the prevention and control of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelian Zou
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qilin Hu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Huiping Yang
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, IFAS, University of Florida, 7922 NW 71st Street, Gainesville, FL, 32615, USA
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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10
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Liu B, Gou W, Feng H. Pathological investigations and correlation research of microfibrillar-associated protein 4 and tropoelastin in oral submucous fibrosis. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:588. [PMID: 34798886 PMCID: PMC8603475 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01962-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), distinguished by abnormal collagen deposition, is a potentially malignant disorder with 4.2% (95% CI 2.7–5.6%) of malignant transformation and rising global prevalence. However, the precise pathogenesis and effective treatment remain elusive and controversial despite the abundance of literature on this topic. Therefore, it is crucial to explore the clinicopathological characteristics and potential markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of OSF. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence and correlation of Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) and tropoelastin (TE) in the development of OSF patients. Material and methods Clinicopathological factors, hematoxylin–eosin (HE) and Masson trichome staining, immunohistochemical characteristics and the correlation between MFAP4 and TE were recorded and compared among different stages of OSF progression among cases (n = 60) and controls (n = 10). Student's t test, ANOVA analysis, and the chi-square test were performed to compare the categorical variables for clinicopathological characteristics and the expression level of MFAP4 and TE between the fibrotic and normal tissues. Correlation analysis of MFAP4 and TE was performed using Pearson's correlation test and linear regression. Results MFAP4 and TE proteins are upregulated and increased gradually in patients with varying stages of OSF, relative to the control group. Furthermore, statistical analyses revealed that the expression level of MFAP4 was positively associated with TE, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.3781 (p = 0.0048). Clinically, we found that OSF affected more males than females, with a ratio of 29:1. The age range was 16–60 years, and the mean age was 36.25 ± 10.25 years. In patients younger than 40 years, the positive expression rate of MFAP4 and TE was higher than in those over 40 years. All OSF cases had chewed areca nut, with 51.67% smoking tobacco. Conclusions Our study elucidates that the accumulation of MFAP4 and TE proteins may play a vital role in the occurrence and development of OSF and may be promising candidate moleculars for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for OSF in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binjie Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Xiangya Stomalogical Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenqun Gou
- Department of Oral Medicine, Xiangya Stomalogical Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Xiangya Stomalogical Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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11
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Han Y, Xia K, Su T. Exploration of the Important Role of Microfibril-Associated Protein 4 Gene in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e931238. [PMID: 34210950 PMCID: PMC8259352 DOI: 10.12659/msm.931238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common tumor of the head and neck. Its treatment usually requires multiple modalities. Currently, there are no molecular biomarkers to guide these treatment strategies. Studies have shown that microfibril-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) is potentially useful for non-invasive assessment of various diseases; however, its biological function in tumors is still unknown. In this study, we propose that MFAP4 is a new prognostic target for OSCC. Material/Methods First, we collected OSCC data (GSE25099 and GSE30784 datasets) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and compared the differential expression of MFAP4 gene between the patients (tumor) and normal (control) groups. The comparison was done with University of California Santa Cruz Xena (https://xenabrowser.net/Datapages/), and we calculated the difference in MFAP4 gene expression between normal and tumor tissues in a pan-cancer analysis. Then, we compared the 2 groups with high and low expression of MFAP4 gene in terms of tumor mutation burden (TMB), miRNA regulation, and immune cell infiltration. Results We found that the expression of MFAP4 gene was significantly decreased in tumors. Our research also showed that high expression of MFAP4 was related to better prognosis of patients and may be related to tumor gene mutation, miRNA regulation, and infiltration of different immune cells. Conclusions Our work provides evidence that expression of MFAP4 can be used as a prognostic biomarker for risk stratification of OSCC patients and elaborates on its relation with the regulation of TMB, miRNAs, and immune cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Kun Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Tong Su
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland).,Institute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland).,Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumors, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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12
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Yang W, Lv X, Leng J, Li Y, Sun J, Yang C, Wang L, Song L. A fibrinogen-related protein mediates the recognition of various bacteria and haemocyte phagocytosis in oyster Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:161-170. [PMID: 33957267 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The family of fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) is a group of proteins with fibrinogen-like (FBG) domains, which play important roles as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the innate immune responses. In the present study, a fibrinogen-like protein was identified from the oyster Crassostrea gigas (defined as CgFREP1). The open reading frame of CgFREP1 was of 966 bp that encoded a predicted polypeptide of 321 amino acids comprising a signal peptide and a fibrinogen-like domain. The mRNA expression of CgFREP1 was detected in all the examined tissues. The recombinant CgFREP1 (rCgFREP1) displayed binding activities to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), mannose (MAN), as well as Gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Vibrio splendidus and Escherichia coli). The rCgFREP1 displayed the agglutinating activity towards M. luteus, V. splendidus and E. coli in the presence of Ca2+. rCgFREP1 was able to enhance the phagocytic activity of haemocytes towards V. splendidus, and exhibited binding activity to the CUB domain of CgMASPL-1. These results suggest that CgFREP1 not only serves as a PRR to recognize and agglutinate different bacteria but also mediates the haemocytes phagocytosis towards V. splendidus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoqian Lv
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jinyuan Leng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yinan Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiejie Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chuanyan Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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13
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Oroszlán G, Dani R, Végh BM, Varga D, Ács AV, Pál G, Závodszky P, Farkas H, Gál P, Dobó J. Proprotein Convertase Is the Highest-Level Activator of the Alternative Complement Pathway in the Blood. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2198-2205. [PMID: 33858964 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Factor D (FD) is an essential element of the alternative pathway of the complement system, and it circulates predominantly in cleaved, activated form in the blood. In resting blood, mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease 3 (MASP-3) is the exclusive activator of pro-FD. Similarly to FD, MASP-3 also circulates mainly in the active form. It was not clear, however, how zymogen MASP-3 is activated. To decipher its activation mechanism, we followed the cleavage of MASP-3 in human hirudin plasma. Our data suggest that neither lectin pathway proteases nor any protease controlled by C1-inhibitor are required for MASP-3 activation. However, EDTA and the general proprotein convertase inhibitor decanoyl-RVKR-chloromethylketone completely prevented activation of exogenous MASP-3 added to blood samples. In this study, we show that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin (PCSK) 5 and PCSK6 are able to activate MASP-3 in vitro. Unlike PCSK5, PCSK6 was detected in human serum and plasma, and previously PCSK6 had also been shown to activate corin in the circulation. In all, PCSK6 emerges as the MASP-3 activator in human blood. These findings clarify the very first step of the activation of the alternative pathway and also connect the complement and the proprotein convertase systems in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Oroszlán
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ráhel Dani
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara M Végh
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Dóra Varga
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea V Ács
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Pál
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Péter Závodszky
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henriette Farkas
- Hungarian Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Gál
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary;
| | - József Dobó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary;
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14
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Andersen MCE, Johansen MW, Nissen T, Nexoe AB, Madsen GI, Sorensen GL, Holmskov U, Schlosser A, Moeller JB, Husby S, Rathe M. FIBCD1 ameliorates weight loss in chemotherapy-induced murine mucositis. Support Care Cancer 2021; 29:2415-2421. [PMID: 32918133 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05762-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity is a common adverse event during chemotherapeutic treatment. No uniformly applicable strategies exist to predict, prevent, or treat gastrointestinal toxicity. Thus, a goal of mucositis research is to identify targets for therapeutic interventions and individualized risk prediction. Fibrinogen C domain containing 1 (FIBCD1) is a transmembrane protein expressed in human intestinal epithelial cells with functions in the innate immune system. Previous observations have shown that FIBCD1 ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal inflammation in vivo. We evaluated the effect of FIBCD1 in a murine model of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity and inflammation. METHODS Transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing FIBCD1 in the intestinal epithelium (Fibcd1Tg) and wild-type (WT) littermates (C57BL/6N) were randomized to receive an intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin 20 mg/kg or saline and were terminated 2 or 7 days after the injection. Gastrointestinal toxicity was evaluated by weight change, intestinal length, villus height/crypt depth, and histological mucositis score. Expression of inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1β, and Tnfα) was measured by quantitative real-time PCR in intestinal tissue samples. RESULTS Following doxorubicin treatment, WT mice exhibited an increased weight loss compared with Tg littermates (p < 0.001). No differences between genotypes were seen in mucositis score, intestinal length, villus height/crypt depth, or IL-6, IL-1β, and Tnfα expression. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that FIBCD1 could ameliorate chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity by reducing weight loss; however, the mechanism of this possible protective effect remains to be defined warranting additional investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C E Andersen
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Malene W Johansen
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Nissen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders B Nexoe
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gunvor I Madsen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Grith L Sorensen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Schlosser
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Moeller
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Steffen Husby
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mathias Rathe
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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15
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Oangkhana P, Amparyup P, Tassanakajon A, Preetham E, Wongpanya R. Characterization and functional analysis of fibrinogen-related protein (FreP) in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 109:87-96. [PMID: 33359206 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ficolin is classified as an immune related protein containing collagen-like and fibrinogen-related domain (FreD). In invertebrates, the functions of fibrinogen-related proteins (FrePs) are of importance to innate immunity. In this study, a FreP in the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon was identified and characterized. The PmFreP cDNA is 1,007 bp long with a 921 bp-open reading frame that encodes for 306 amino acids. The deduced PmFreP sequence consists of a signal peptide, an unknown region and the FreD. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PmFreP was clustered with fibrinogen-like proteins in crustaceans which was separated from vertebrate ficolin-like proteins. The deduced fibrinogen-like domain contains four conserved cysteine residues (Cys96, Cys127, Cys249, and Cys262) that are responsible for the formation of disulfide bridges. Gene expression analysis shows that Pmfrep is mainly expressed in the intestine and the expression is significantly upregulated after Vibrio harveyi and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge. Recombinant PmFreP (rPmFreP) were successfully expressed and purified, and forms a trimeric structure as judged by native-PAGE. Bacterial binding assay showed that the rPmFreD can bind and agglutinate Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in the presence of calcium (Ca2+) ions. Moreover, the rPmFreP facilitates the clearance of V. harveyi in vivo. Overall, our results suggested that the PmFreP may serve as pattern recognition receptors implicated in shrimp innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawit Oangkhana
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10903, Thailand.
| | - Piti Amparyup
- Marine Biotechnology Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Marine Biotechnology, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Elumalai Preetham
- School of Processing Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kerala, India.
| | - Ratree Wongpanya
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10903, Thailand; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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16
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Pan Z, Yang K, Wang H, Xiao Y, Zhang M, Yu X, Xu T, Bai T, Zhu H. MFAP4 deficiency alleviates renal fibrosis through inhibition of NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways. FASEB J 2020; 34:14250-14263. [PMID: 32905637 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001026r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis, which is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in the renal tubulointerstitium, can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The role of microfiber-associated protein 4 (MFAP4), which is an ECM protein that interacts with elastin and collagen, in renal fibrosis has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the role of MFAP4 in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis and the underlying mechanism using in vivo and in vitro models. The MFAP4-/- mice were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) to elucidate the role of MFAP4 in renal fibrosis in vivo. Compared to the wild-type mice, the MFAP4-/- mice exhibited decreased protein expression of p-p65 and p-IKBα and ECM deposition after UUO. The MFAP4-/- mice exhibited attenuated nuclear translocation of p65 (the hub subunit of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway), suppressed activation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad pathways, and downregulated expression of fibronectin, collagen I, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. The knockdown of MFAP4 mitigated the TGF-β-induced upregulated expression of fibronectin, collagen I, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in the human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). Compared to the HK-2 cells transfected with sh-MFAP4, the HK-2 cells co-transfected with sh-MFAP4 and Ad-MFAP4 exhibited severe inflammatory response and increased fibrosis-related proteins expression. Mechanistically, the knockdown of MFAP4 inhibited the activation of NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways and downregulated the expression of fibrosis-related proteins. The findings of this study indicate that MFAP4 is involved in UUO-induced renal fibrosis through regulation of NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Pan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Huibo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Three Gorges University People's Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, P.R. China
| | - Yusha Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Puren Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hengcheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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17
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Connelly MT, McRae CJ, Liu PJ, Traylor-Knowles N. Lipopolysaccharide treatment stimulates Pocillopora coral genotype-specific immune responses but does not alter coral-associated bacteria communities. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 109:103717. [PMID: 32348787 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Corals are comprised of a coral host and associated microbes whose interactions are mediated by the coral innate immune system. The diversity of immune factors identified in the Pocillopora damicornis genome suggests that immunity is linked to maintaining microbial symbioses while also being able to detect pathogens. However, it is unclear which immune factors respond to specific microbe-associated molecular patterns and how these immune reactions simultaneously affect coral-associated bacteria. To investigate this, fragments of P. damicornis and P. acuta colonies from Taiwan were subjected to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment to stimulate immune responses and measure bacteria community shifts. RNA-seq revealed genotype-specific immune responses to LPS involving the upregulation of immune receptors, transcription factors, and pore-forming toxins. Bacteria 16S sequencing revealed significantly different bacteria communities between coral genotypes but no differences in bacteria communities were caused by LPS. Our findings confirm that Pocillopora corals activate conserved immune factors in response to LPS and identify transcription factors coordinating Pocillopora corals' immune responses. Additionally, the strong effect of coral genotype on gene expression and bacteria communities highlights the importance of coral genotype in the investigation of coral host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Connelly
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33145, USA
| | - Crystal J McRae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada; Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Jen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan; National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
| | - Nikki Traylor-Knowles
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33145, USA.
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Kulkarni HS, Scozzi D, Gelman AE. Recent advances into the role of pattern recognition receptors in transplantation. Cell Immunol 2020; 351:104088. [PMID: 32183988 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are germline-encoded sensors best characterized for their critical role in host defense. However, there is accumulating evidence that organ transplantation induces the release or display of molecular patterns of cellular injury and death that trigger PRR-mediated inflammatory responses. There are also new insights that indicate PRRs are able to distinguish between self and non-self, suggesting the existence of non-clonal mechanisms of allorecognition. Collectively, these reports have spurred considerable interest into whether PRRs or their ligands can be targeted to promote transplant survival. This review examines the mounting evidence that PRRs play in transplant-mediated inflammation. Given the large number of PRRs, we will focus on members from four families: the complement system, toll-like receptors, the formylated peptide receptor, and scavenger receptors through examining reports of their activity in experimental models of cellular and solid organ transplantation as well as in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrishikesh S Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Davide Scozzi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew E Gelman
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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19
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Li D, Nie H, Jiang K, Li N, Huo Z, Yan X. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of fibrinogen related protein (FREP) genes of Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) after lipopolysaccharides challenge. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 228:108672. [PMID: 31734313 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ruditapes philippinarum has high economic value and is distributed all over the world. Fibrinogen associated protein (FREP) is a type of pattern recognition receptor, participates in the innate immune response to eliminate pathogens after the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, three FREP genes (FREP-1, FREP-2, and FREP-3) were identified and characterized from R. philippinarum. The protein sequence of FREPs were highly conserved with those homologous in vertebrates, and FBG domain possessed significantly high structural conservation in polypeptide binding site and Ca2+ binding site. The tissues expression analysis of FREPs in three shell color strains and two population of R. philippinarum were examined, with the highest expression level in gill and hepatopancreas. Besides, FREP genes were demonstrated to be induced by lipopolysaccharides injection, the significantly changes were observed after LPS injected. Our results suggest the involvement of FREPs in response to LPS injection, and it might exert a significant function on the innate immune defense of the Manila clam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Hongtao Nie
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China.
| | - Kunyin Jiang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Zhongming Huo
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Xiwu Yan
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, 116023 Dalian, China.
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20
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Jalili M, Gerdol M, Greco S, Pallavicini A, Buonocore F, Scapigliati G, Picchietti S, Esteban MA, Rye M, Bones A. Differential Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Krill Meal, Soybean Meal, Butyrate, and Bactocell ® on the Gene Expression of Atlantic Salmon Head Kidney. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E886. [PMID: 32019111 PMCID: PMC7037266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The head kidney is a key organ that plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the fish immune response and in the maintenance of endocrine homeostasis. Previous studies indicate that the supplementation of exogenous dietary components, such as krill meal (KM), soybean meal (SM), Bactocell® (BA), and butyrate (BU), can have a significant effect on the immune function of the head kidney. The aim of this study was to investigate the differential effect of these four dietary ingredients on the transcriptional profiles of the head kidney of the Atlantic salmon. This study revealed that just a small number of genes were responsive to the feeding regime after a long-term (12 weeks) treatment, and evidenced that the most significant alterations, both in terms of the number of affected genes and magnitude of changes in gene expression, were detectable in the BU- and KM-fed groups compared with controls, while the SM diet had a nearly negligible effect, and BA had no significant effects at all. Most of the differentially expressed genes were involved in the immune response and, in line with data previously obtained from pyloric caeca, major components of the complement system were significantly affected. These alterations were accompanied by an increase in the density of melanomacrophage centers in the KM- and SM-fed group and their reduction in the BU-fed group. While three types of dietary supplements (BU, KM, and SM) were able to produce a significant modulation of some molecular players of the immune system, the butyrate-rich diet was revealed as the one with the most relevant immune-stimulating properties in the head kidney. These preliminary results suggest that further investigations should be aimed towards the elucidation of the potential beneficial effects of butyrate and krill meal supplementation on farmed salmon health and growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Jalili
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Samuele Greco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Buonocore
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scapigliati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Simona Picchietti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Angeles Esteban
- Cell Biology and Histology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Morten Rye
- BioCore, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU―Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Atle Bones
- Cell, Molecular Biology and Genomics Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7034 Trondheim, Norway
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21
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Wang Y, Sun M, Liu J, Liu Y, Jiang C, Zhu H, Wang W, Wang Y. FIBCD1 overexpression predicts poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:795-804. [PMID: 31897196 PMCID: PMC6924150 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen C domain-containing 1 (FIBCD1) is an acetyl-recognition receptor that affects the occurrence and development of certain tumors. However, the prognostic significance of FIBCD1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore FIBCD1 expression in HCC and to determine the prognostic value of FIBCD1 in patients with HCC. A total of 1,058 liver tissue samples with detailed and complete clinical information were collected, including 495 HCC samples. Tissue microarray immunohistochemistry analysis was used to evaluate FIBCD1 protein expression in the collected tissues. The Kaplan-Meier plotter online tool was used to investigate the association between FIBCD1 expression and prognosis of patients with HCC. Oncomine and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database were used for bioinformatics analysis of FIBCD1. Results showed that FIBCD1 expression was higher in HCC and was associated with tumor diameter (P=0.002), tumor number (P=0.001), tumor node metastasis stage (P<0.001), primary tumor (T; P<0.001), lymph node metastases (N; P=0.002), distant metastases (M; P=0.023), differentiation degree (P=0.003), vascular invasion (P<0.001) and liver cirrhosis (P=0.011). Patients with HCC and high FIBCD1 expression had worse overall survival than those with low FIBCD1 expression. High FIBCD1 expression (P<0.001), TNM stage (P=0.003), T (P<0.001), N (P=0.014), and vascular invasion (P<0.001) were independent prognostic factors in HCC. Hence, FIBCD1 may be a novel biomarker for prognosis evaluation of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Mengjing Sun
- Department of Clinical Biobank, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jibin Liu
- Department of Tumor Biobank, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226361, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Chunyi Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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22
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Hoffmann-Petersen B, Suffolk R, Petersen JJH, Petersen TH, Arendt K, Høst A, Halken S, Sorensen GL, Agertoft L. Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 in serum is associated with asthma in Danish adolescents and young adults. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2019; 7:150-159. [PMID: 31251481 PMCID: PMC6688087 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Microfibrillar‐associated protein 4 (MFAP4) is an extracellular matrix protein belonging to the fibrinogen‐related protein superfamily, which plays multifaceted roles in innate immunity and normal endothelial function. It has been proposed that MFAP4 promotes the development of asthma in vivo and proasthmatic pathways of bronchial smooth muscle cells in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of serum MFAP4 in adolescents and young adolescents with persistent asthma. Methods Prospective, observational study including adolescents and young adults (age 11‐27 years) previously diagnosed with asthma during childhood 2003 to 2005 (0‐15 years) at the four pediatric outpatient clinics in the Region of Southern Denmark (n = 449). Healthy controls were recruited at follow‐up (n = 314). Detection of serum MFAP4 was performed by AlphaLISA technique. Results Current asthma was associated to a 14% higher mean level of serum MFAP4 compared with controls (expβ 1.14, 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.05‐1.23) and a 6% higher mean level compared with subjects with no current asthma (expβ 1.06, 95% CI, 0.99‐1.13). No association was found at follow‐up between serum MFAP4 and self‐reported atopic symptoms (other than asthma), Asthma Control Test‐score, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), nor to flow rate at 1 second, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory flow 25% to 75%, response to short‐acting beta 2 agonist or mannitol. Conclusions We found a significantly higher mean level of serum MFAP4 in adolescent and young adults with mild to moderate asthma compared with healthy controls but no association to FeNO and lung function nor to the response to short‐acting beta 2 agonist or mannitol. The result supports the hypothesis that MFAP4 plays a role in the pathogenesis of asthma although the marker did not demonstrate any obvious potential as an asthma biomarker in adolescents and young adults with asthma. To understand the possible proasthmatic functions of MFAP4, further investigation in specific asthma phenotypes and the underlying molecular mechanisms is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hoffmann-Petersen
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Open Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Raymond Suffolk
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | | | | | - Kirsten Arendt
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Arne Høst
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susanne Halken
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Grith Lykke Sorensen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lone Agertoft
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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23
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Zacharias CA, Sheppard DC. The role of Aspergillus fumigatus polysaccharides in host-pathogen interactions. Curr Opin Microbiol 2019; 52:20-26. [PMID: 31121411 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a saprophytic mold that can cause infection in patients with impaired immunity or chronic lung diseases. The polysaccharide-rich cell wall of this fungus is a key point of contact with the host immune system. The availability of purified cell wall polysaccharides and mutant strains deficient in the production of these glycans has revealed that these glycans play an important role in the pathogenesis of A. fumigatus infections. Herein, we review our current understanding of the key polysaccharides present within the A. fumigatus cell wall, and their interactions with host cells and secreted factors during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Zacharias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Centre for Translational Biology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Donald C Sheppard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Centre for Translational Biology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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24
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Kumar A, Zhang KYJ. Human Chitinases: Structure, Function, and Inhibitor Discovery. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1142:221-251. [PMID: 31102249 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7318-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases are glycosyl hydrolases that hydrolyze the β-(1-4)-linkage of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units present in chitin polymers. Chitinases are widely distributed enzymes and are present in a wide range of organisms including insects, plants, bacteria, fungi, and mammals. These enzymes play key roles in immunity, nutrition, pathogenicity, and arthropod molting. Humans express two chitinases, chitotriosidase 1 (CHIT1) and acid mammalian chitinase (AMCase) along with several chitinase-like proteins (CLPs). Human chitinases are reported to play a protective role against chitin-containing pathogens through their capability to degrade chitin present in the cell wall of pathogens. Now, human chitinases are gaining attention as the key players in innate immune response. Although the exact mechanism of their role in immune response is not known, studies in recent years begin to relate chitin recognition and degradation with the activation of signaling pathways involved in inflammation. The roles of both CHIT1 and AMCase in the development of various diseases have been revealed and several classes of inhibitors have been developed. However, a clear understanding could not be established due to complexities in the design of the right experiment for studying the role of human chitinase in various diseases. In this chapter, we will first outline the structural features of CHIT1 and AMcase. We will then review the progress in understanding the role of human chitinases in the development of various diseases. Finally, we will summarize the inhibitor discovery efforts targeting both CHIT1 and AMCase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kam Y J Zhang
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
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25
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Jiang X, Bao H, Merzendorfer H, Yang Q. Immune Responses of Mammals and Plants to Chitin-Containing Pathogens. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1142:61-81. [PMID: 31102242 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7318-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chitin-containing organisms, such as fungi and arthropods, use chitin as a structural component to protect themselves from harsh environmental conditions. Hosts such as mammals and plants, however, sense chitin to initiate innate and adaptive immunity and exclude chitin-containing organisms. A number of protein factors are then expressed, and several signaling pathways are triggered. In this chapter, we focus on the responses and signal transduction pathways that are activated in mammals and plants upon invasion by chitin-containing organisms. As host chitinases play important roles in the glycolytic processing of chitin, which is then recognized by pattern-recognition receptors, we also pay special attention to the chitinases that are involved in immune recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jiang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Han Bao
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hans Merzendorfer
- Department of Chemistry and Biology - Molecular Biology, University of Siegen, 57076, Siegen, Germany
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116023, China. .,State Laboratory of Biology for Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection at Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
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26
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Chen L, Yan J, Shi J, Sun W, Chen Z, Yu J, Qi J, Du Y, Zhang H, Feng L. Zebrafish intelectin 1 (zITLN1) plays a role in the innate immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 83:96-103. [PMID: 30195915 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intelectin displays carbohydrate binding capacity and has been demonstrated to agglutinate bacteria, suggesting its role in innate immunity. It has also been linked to many pathogenic conditions in human. After reporting two amphioxus orthologs and the zebrafish intelectin 2 (zITLN2), here we cloned and characterized zebrafish intelectin 1 (zITLN1). Like zITLN2, zITLN1 also contains a conserved fibrinogen-related domain (FReD) and a unique intelectin domain (ITLN-D), expresses in all the tissues tested, with the highest level in intestine, and responds to bacterial challenge in acute phase. We also expressed zITLN1 in E. coli system, and purified recombinant zITLN1 could agglutinate both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in a calcium dependent manner. Its ability to agglutinate Gram-positive bacteria is stronger than that to Gram-negative bacteria whereas zITLN2 did not show such preference. This is probably due to the fact that recombinant zITLN1 could bind peptidoglycan (PGN) with a higher degree to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our results of zITLN1 provided new insight into the evolution and function of the intelectin family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China; Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, PR China
| | - Jie Yan
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, PR China
| | - Jing Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jing Qi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yijun Du
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Shandong Polytechnic, No. 23000, East JingShi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250104, PR China.
| | - Lijun Feng
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, PR China.
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27
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Ebersole JL, Kirakodu S, Novak MJ, Orraca L, Stormberg AJ, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Burgos A, Gonzalez OA. Comparative analysis of expression of microbial sensing molecules in mucosal tissues with periodontal disease. Immunobiology 2018; 224:196-206. [PMID: 30470434 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Host-derived pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are necessary for effective innate immune engagement of pathogens that express microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMP) ligands for these PRRs. This study used a nonhuman primate model to evaluate the expression of these sensing molecules in gingival tissues. Macaca mulatta aged 12-24 with a healthy periodontium (n = 13) or periodontitis (n = 11) provided gingival tissues for assessment of naturally-occurring periodontitis. An additional group of animals (12-23 years; n = 18) was subjected to a 5 month longitudinal study examining the initiation and progression of periodontitis, RNA was isolated and microarray analysis conducted for gene expression of the sensing PRRs. The results demonstrated increased expression of various PRRs in naturally-occurring established periodontitis. Selected PRRs also correlated with both bleeding on probing (BOP) and pocket depth (PD) in the animals. The longitudinal model demonstrated multiple TLRs, as well as selected other PRRs that were significantly increased by 2 weeks during initiation of the lesion. While gene expression levels of various PRRs correlated with BOP and PD at baseline and resolution of disease, few correlated with these clinical parameters during initiation and progression of the lesion. These findings suggest that the levels of various PRRs are affected in established periodontitis lesions, and that PRR expression increased most dramatically during the initiation of the disease process, presumably in response to the juxtaposed microbial challenge to the tissues and goal of reestablishing homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ebersole
- Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
| | - S Kirakodu
- Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - M J Novak
- Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - L Orraca
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - A J Stormberg
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - J Gonzalez-Martinez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, Toa Baja, PR, United States
| | - A Burgos
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, Toa Baja, PR, United States
| | - O A Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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28
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Elieh Ali Komi D, Sharma L, Dela Cruz CS. Chitin and Its Effects on Inflammatory and Immune Responses. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018; 54:213-223. [PMID: 28251581 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, a potential allergy-promoting pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), is a linear polymer composed of N-acetylglucosamine residues which are linked by β-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds. Mammalians are potential hosts for chitin-containing protozoa, fungi, arthropods, and nematodes; however, mammalians themselves do not synthetize chitin and thus it is considered as a potential target for recognition by mammalian immune system. Chitin is sensed primarily in the lungs or gut where it activates a variety of innate (eosinophils, macrophages) and adaptive immune cells (IL-4/IL-13 expressing T helper type-2 lymphocytes). Chitin induces cytokine production, leukocyte recruitment, and alternative macrophage activation. Intranasal or intraperitoneal administration of chitin (varying in size, degree of acetylation and purity) to mice has been applied as a routine approach to investigate chitin's priming effects on innate and adaptive immunity. Structural chitin present in microorganisms is actively degraded by host true chitinases, including acidic mammalian chitinases and chitotriosidase into smaller fragments that can be sensed by mammalian receptors such as FIBCD1, NKR-P1, and RegIIIc. Immune recognition of chitin also involves pattern recognition receptors, mainly via TLR-2 and Dectin-1, to activate immune cells to induce cytokine production and creation of an immune network that results in inflammatory and allergic responses. In this review, we will focus on various immunological aspects of the interaction between chitin and host immune system such as sensing, interactions with immune cells, chitinases as chitin degrading enzymes, and immunologic applications of chitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Elieh Ali Komi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, East Azerbayjan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, East Azerbayjan, Iran
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, TACS441D, USA.
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Long-term affected flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) haemocytes show differential gene expression profiles from naïve oysters in response to Bonamia ostreae. Genomics 2018; 110:390-398. [PMID: 29678683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) production has suffered a severe decline due to bonamiosis. The responsible parasite enters in oyster haemocytes, causing an acute inflammatory response frequently leading to death. We used an immune-enriched oligo-microarray to understand the haemocyte response to Bonamia ostreae by comparing expression profiles between naïve (NS) and long-term affected (AS) populations along a time series (1 d, 30 d, 90 d). AS showed a much higher response just after challenge, which might be indicative of selection for resistance. No regulated genes were detected at 30 d in both populations while a notable reactivation was observed at 90 d, suggesting parasite latency during infection. Genes related to extracellular matrix and protease inhibitors, up-regulated in AS, and those related to histones, down-regulated in NS, might play an important role along the infection. Twenty-four candidate genes related to resistance should be further validated for selection programs aimed to control bonamiosis.
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30
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von Huth S, Moeller JB, Schlosser A, Marcussen N, Nielsen O, Nielsen V, Sorensen GL, Holmskov U. Immunohistochemical Localization of Fibrinogen C Domain Containing 1 on Epithelial and Mucosal Surfaces in Human Tissues. J Histochem Cytochem 2017; 66:85-97. [PMID: 29220632 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417743694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrinogen C domain containing 1 (FIBCD1) is a transmembrane receptor that binds chitin and other acetylated compounds with high affinity. FIBCD1 has previously been shown to be present in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. In the present study, we performed a detailed analysis of normally structured human tissues for the expression of FIBCD1 by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. We find that FIBCD1 is expressed in epithelial cells derived from all three germ layers. Endodermal-derived epithelial cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory system showed high expression of FIBCD1 and also mesodermal-derived cells in the genitourinary system and ectodermal-derived epidermis and sebaceous glands cells expressed FIBCD1. In some columnar epithelial cells, for example, in the salivary gland and gall bladder, the FIBCD1 expression was clearly polarized with strong apical reaction, while other columnar cells, for example, in small and large intestine and in bronchi, the staining was equally strong apically and basolaterally. In keratinocytes in skin, tongue, and oral cavity, the FIBCD1 staining was granular. This expression pattern together with the known binding properties supports that FIBCD1 plays a role in innate immunity in the skin and at mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian von Huth
- Cancer and Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Moeller
- Cancer and Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Schlosser
- Cancer and Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Marcussen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vicki Nielsen
- Cancer and Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Grith L Sorensen
- Cancer and Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- Cancer and Inflammation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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31
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Jensen K, Lund KP, Christensen KB, Holm AT, Dubey LK, Moeller JB, Jepsen CS, Schlosser A, Galgóczy L, Thiel S, Holmskov U, Sorensen GL. M-ficolin is present in Aspergillus fumigatus infected lung and modulates epithelial cell immune responses elicited by fungal cell wall polysaccharides. Virulence 2017; 8:1870-1879. [PMID: 28060571 PMCID: PMC5810506 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1278337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Jensen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kit P. Lund
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kimmie B. Christensen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne T. Holm
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lalit Kumar Dubey
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jesper B. Moeller
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine S. Jepsen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Schlosser
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - László Galgóczy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Grith L. Sorensen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Immune Recognition of Fungal Polysaccharides. J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:jof3030047. [PMID: 29371564 PMCID: PMC5715945 DOI: 10.3390/jof3030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of fungal infections has dramatically increased in recent years, in large part due to increased use of immunosuppressive medications, as well as aggressive medical and surgical interventions that compromise natural skin and mucosal barriers. There are relatively few currently licensed antifungal drugs, and rising resistance to these agents has led to interest in the development of novel preventative and therapeutic strategies targeting these devastating infections. One approach to combat fungal infections is to augment the host immune response towards these organisms. The polysaccharide-rich cell wall is the initial point of contact between fungi and the host immune system, and therefore, represents an important target for immunotherapeutic approaches. This review highlights the advances made in our understanding of the mechanisms by which the immune system recognizes and interacts with exopolysaccharides produced by four of the most common fungal pathogens: Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Histoplasma capsulatum. Work to date suggests that inner cell wall polysaccharides that play an important structural role are the most conserved across diverse members of the fungal kingdom, and elicit the strongest innate immune responses. The immune system senses these carbohydrates through receptors, such as lectins and complement proteins. In contrast, a greater diversity of polysaccharides is found within the outer cell walls of pathogenic fungi. These glycans play an important role in immune evasion, and can even induce anti-inflammatory host responses. Further study of the complex interactions between the host immune system and the fungal polysaccharides will be necessary to develop more effective therapeutic strategies, as well as to explore the use of immunosuppressive polysaccharides as therapeutic agents to modulate inflammation.
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FBN30 in wild Anopheles gambiae functions as a pathogen recognition molecule against clinically circulating Plasmodium falciparum in malaria endemic areas in Kenya. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8577. [PMID: 28819256 PMCID: PMC5561218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a worldwide health problem that affects two-thirds of the world population. Plasmodium invasion of anopheline mosquitoes is an obligatory step for malaria transmission. However, mosquito-malaria molecular interactions in nature are not clear. A genetic variation within mosquito fibrinogen related-protein 30 (FBN30) was previously identified to be associated with Plasmodium falciparum infection in natural Anopheles gambiae populations at malaria endemic areas in Kenya, and reducing FBN30 expression by RNAi makes mosquitoes more susceptible to P. berghei. New results show that FBN30 is a secreted octamer that binds to both P. berghei and clinically circulating P. falciparum from malaria endemic areas in Kenya, but not laboratory P. falciparum strain NF54. Moreover, the natural genetic mutation (T to C) within FBN30 signal peptide, which changes the position 10 amino acid from phenylalanine to leucine, reduces protein expression by approximately half. This change is consistent to more susceptible An. gambiae to P. falciparum infection in the field. FBN30 in natural An. gambiae is proposed to work as a pathogen recognition molecule in inhibiting P. falciparum transmission in malaria endemic areas.
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Chairatana P, Nolan EM. Defensins, lectins, mucins, and secretory immunoglobulin A: microbe-binding biomolecules that contribute to mucosal immunity in the human gut. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 52:45-56. [PMID: 27841019 PMCID: PMC5233583 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2016.1243654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the intestine, the mucosal immune system plays essential roles in maintaining homeostasis between the host and microorganisms, and protecting the host from pathogenic invaders. Epithelial cells produce and release a variety of biomolecules into the mucosa and lumen that contribute to immunity. In this review, we focus on a subset of these remarkable host-defense factors - enteric α-defensins, select lectins, mucins, and secretory immunoglobulin A - that have the capacity to bind microbes and thereby contribute to barrier function in the human gut. We provide an overview of the intestinal epithelium, describe specialized secretory cells named Paneth cells, and summarize our current understanding of the biophysical and functional properties of these select microbe-binding biomolecules. We intend for this compilation to complement prior reviews on intestinal host-defense factors, highlight recent advances in the field, and motivate investigations that further illuminate molecular mechanisms as well as the interplay between these molecules and microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoom Chairatana
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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35
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Chairatana P, Nolan EM. Defensins, lectins, mucins, and secretory immunoglobulin A: microbe-binding biomolecules that contribute to mucosal immunity in the human gut. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2016. [PMID: 27841019 DOI: 10,1080/10409238.2016.124365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the intestine, the mucosal immune system plays essential roles in maintaining homeostasis between the host and microorganisms, and protecting the host from pathogenic invaders. Epithelial cells produce and release a variety of biomolecules into the mucosa and lumen that contribute to immunity. In this review, we focus on a subset of these remarkable host-defense factors - enteric α-defensins, select lectins, mucins, and secretory immunoglobulin A - that have the capacity to bind microbes and thereby contribute to barrier function in the human gut. We provide an overview of the intestinal epithelium, describe specialized secretory cells named Paneth cells, and summarize our current understanding of the biophysical and functional properties of these select microbe-binding biomolecules. We intend for this compilation to complement prior reviews on intestinal host-defense factors, highlight recent advances in the field, and motivate investigations that further illuminate molecular mechanisms as well as the interplay between these molecules and microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoom Chairatana
- a Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Elizabeth M Nolan
- a Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA
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36
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Allergen-Associated Immunomodulators: Modifying Allergy Outcome. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 64:339-47. [PMID: 27178664 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergies is increasing since mid twentieth century; however the underlying causes of this increase are not fully clear. Understanding the mechanism by which a harmless protein becomes an allergen provides us with the basis to prevent and treat these diseases. Although most studies on allergen immunogenicity have traditionally focused on structural properties of the proteins, it is increasingly clear that allergenicity cannot be determined only based on structural features of the allergenic proteins. In fact, allergens do not encounter human facings as isolated molecules but contained in complex mixtures of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, such as pollen grains or foods. As a result, attention has lately been directed to examine whether allergen-associated molecules exhibit immune-regulatory properties. The present review aims to illustrate some examples of how non-protein molecules accompanying the allergen can modulate allergic responses.
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Gabius HJ, Manning JC, Kopitz J, André S, Kaltner H. Sweet complementarity: the functional pairing of glycans with lectins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1989-2016. [PMID: 26956894 PMCID: PMC11108359 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates establish the third alphabet of life. As part of cellular glycoconjugates, the glycans generate a multitude of signals in a minimum of space. The presence of distinct glycotopes and the glycome diversity are mapped by sugar receptors (antibodies and lectins). Endogenous (tissue) lectins can read the sugar-encoded information and translate it into functional aspects of cell sociology. Illustrated by instructive examples, each glycan has its own ligand properties. Lectins with different folds can converge to target the same epitope, while intrafamily diversification enables functional cooperation and antagonism. The emerging evidence for the concept of a network calls for a detailed fingerprinting. Due to the high degree of plasticity and dynamics of the display of genes for lectins the validity of extrapolations between different organisms of the phylogenetic tree yet is inevitably limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany.
| | - J C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - J Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - H Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
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38
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Milićević NM, Schmidt F, Kunz N, Kalies K, Milićević Ž, Schlosser A, Holmskov U, Sorensen GL, Westermann J. The role of microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) in the formation and function of splenic compartments during embryonic and adult life. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:135-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pilecki B, Holm AT, Schlosser A, Moeller JB, Wohl AP, Zuk AV, Heumüller SE, Wallis R, Moestrup SK, Sengle G, Holmskov U, Sorensen GL. Characterization of Microfibrillar-associated Protein 4 (MFAP4) as a Tropoelastin- and Fibrillin-binding Protein Involved in Elastic Fiber Formation. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1103-14. [PMID: 26601954 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.681775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MFAP4 (microfibrillar-associated protein 4) is an extracellular glycoprotein found in elastic fibers without a clearly defined role in elastic fiber assembly. In the present study, we characterized molecular interactions between MFAP4 and elastic fiber components. We established that MFAP4 primarily assembles into trimeric and hexameric structures of homodimers. Binding analysis revealed that MFAP4 specifically binds tropoelastin and fibrillin-1 and -2, as well as the elastin cross-linking amino acid desmosine, and that it co-localizes with fibrillin-1-positive fibers in vivo. Site-directed mutagenesis disclosed residues Phe(241) and Ser(203) in MFAP4 as being crucial for type I collagen, elastin, and tropoelastin binding. Furthermore, we found that MFAP4 actively promotes tropoelastin self-assembly. In conclusion, our data identify MFAP4 as a new ligand of microfibrils and tropoelastin involved in proper elastic fiber organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Pilecki
- From the Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Anne T Holm
- From the Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Anders Schlosser
- From the Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Moeller
- From the Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | | | | | - Stefanie E Heumüller
- the Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and the Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Russell Wallis
- the Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom, and
| | - Soren K Moestrup
- From the Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark, the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Gerhard Sengle
- the Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and the Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- From the Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Grith L Sorensen
- From the Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark,
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Schlosser A, Pilecki B, Hemstra LE, Kejling K, Kristmannsdottir GB, Wulf-Johansson H, Moeller JB, Füchtbauer EM, Nielsen O, Kirketerp-Møller K, Dubey LK, Hansen PBL, Stubbe J, Wrede C, Hegermann J, Ochs M, Rathkolb B, Schrewe A, Bekeredjian R, Wolf E, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, Hrabě de Angelis M, Lindholt JS, Holmskov U, Sorensen GL. MFAP4 Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Migration, Proliferation and Accelerates Neointima Formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 36:122-33. [PMID: 26564819 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arterial injury stimulates remodeling responses that, when excessive, lead to stenosis. These responses are influenced by integrin signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) is an integrin ligand localized to extracellular matrix fibers in the vascular wall. The role of MFAP4 in vascular biology is unknown. We aimed to test the hypothesis that MFAP4 would enhance integrin-dependent VSMC activation. APPROACH AND RESULTS We produced Mfap4-deficient (Mfap4(-/-)) mice and performed carotid artery ligation to explore the role of MFAP4 in vascular biology in vivo. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of MFAP4 in neointimal formation ex vivo and in primary VSMC and monocyte cultures in vitro. When challenged with carotid artery ligation, Mfap4(-/-) mice exhibited delayed neointimal formation, accompanied by early reduction in the number of proliferating medial and neointimal cells, as well as infiltrating leukocytes. Delayed neointimal formation was associated with decreased cross-sectional area of ligated Mfap4(-/-) carotid arteries resulting in lumen narrowing 28 days after ligation. MFAP4 blockade prohibited the formation of neointimal hyperplasia ex vivo. Moreover, we demonstrated that MFAP4 is a ligand for integrin αVβ3 and mediates VSMC phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, migration, and proliferation in vitro. MFAP4-dependent VSMC activation was reversible by treatment with MFAP4-blocking antibodies and inhibitors of focal adhesion kinase and downstream kinases. In addition, we showed that MFAP4 promotes monocyte chemotaxis in integrin αVβ3-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS MFAP4 regulates integrin αVβ3-induced VSMC proliferation and migration, as well as monocyte chemotaxis, and accelerates neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Schlosser
- From the Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (A.S., B.P., L.E.H., K.K., G.B.K., H.W.-J., J.B.M., K.K.-M., L.K.D., P.B.L.H., J.S., U.H, G.L.S.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (E.-M.F.); Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (O.N.); Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.W., J.H., M.O.); Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (C.W., J.H., M.O.); REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany (C.W., J.H., M.O.); German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany (B.R., A.S., V.G.-D., H.F., M.H.d.A.); Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany (B.R, E.W.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.S., R.B.); Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Munich, Germany (M.H.d.A.); Cardiovascular Research Unit, Viborg Hospital, Viborg, Denmark (J.S.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Center of Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (J.S.L.)
| | - Bartosz Pilecki
- From the Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (A.S., B.P., L.E.H., K.K., G.B.K., H.W.-J., J.B.M., K.K.-M., L.K.D., P.B.L.H., J.S., U.H, G.L.S.); Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (E.-M.F.); Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (O.N.); Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.W., J.H., M.O.); Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (C.W., J.H., M.O.); REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany (C.W., J.H., M.O.); German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany (B.R., A.S., V.G.-D., H.F., M.H.d.A.); Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany (B.R, E.W.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (A.S., R.B.); Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Munich, Germany (M.H.d.A.); Cardiovascular Research Unit, Viborg Hospital, Viborg, Denmark (J.S.L.); and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Center of Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark (J.S.L.)
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Wesener DA, Wangkanont K, McBride R, Song X, Kraft MB, Hodges HL, Zarling LC, Splain RA, Smith DF, Cummings RD, Paulson JC, Forest KT, Kiessling LL. Recognition of microbial glycans by human intelectin-1. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2015; 22:603-10. [PMID: 26148048 PMCID: PMC4526365 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The glycans displayed on mammalian cells can differ markedly from those on microbes. Such differences could, in principle, be 'read' by carbohydrate-binding proteins, or lectins. We used glycan microarrays to show that human intelectin-1 (hIntL-1) does not bind known human glycan epitopes but does interact with multiple glycan epitopes found exclusively on microbes: β-linked D-galactofuranose (β-Galf), D-phosphoglycerol-modified glycans, heptoses, D-glycero-D-talo-oct-2-ulosonic acid (KO) and 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (KDO). The 1.6-Å-resolution crystal structure of hIntL-1 complexed with β-Galf revealed that hIntL-1 uses a bound calcium ion to coordinate terminal exocyclic 1,2-diols. N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), a sialic acid widespread in human glycans, has an exocyclic 1,2-diol but does not bind hIntL-1, probably owing to unfavorable steric and electronic effects. hIntL-1 marks only Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes that display surface glycans with terminal 1,2-diol groups. This ligand selectivity suggests that hIntL-1 functions in microbial surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl A Wesener
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kittikhun Wangkanont
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ryan McBride
- 1] Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Xuezheng Song
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. [2] Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Matthew B Kraft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Heather L Hodges
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lucas C Zarling
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rebecca A Splain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David F Smith
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. [2] Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. [2] Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James C Paulson
- 1] Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Katrina T Forest
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Laura L Kiessling
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. [2] Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Holm AT, Wulf-Johansson H, Hvidsten S, Jorgensen PT, Schlosser A, Pilecki B, Ormhøj M, Moeller JB, Johannsen C, Baun C, Andersen T, Schneider JP, Hegermann J, Ochs M, Götz AA, Schulz H, de Angelis MH, Vestbo J, Holmskov U, Sorensen GL. Characterization of spontaneous air space enlargement in mice lacking microfibrillar-associated protein 4. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L1114-24. [PMID: 26033354 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00351.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) is localized to elastic fibers in blood vessels and the interalveolar septa of the lungs and is further present in bronchoalveolar lavage. Mfap4 has been previously suggested to be involved in elastogenesis in the lung. We tested this prediction and aimed to characterize the pulmonary function changes and emphysematous changes that occur in Mfap4-deficient (Mfap4(-/-)) mice. Significant changes included increases in total lung capacity and compliance, which were evident in Mfap4(-/-) mice at 6 and 8 mo but not at 3 mo of age. Using in vivo breath-hold gated microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) in 8-mo-old Mfap4(-/-) mice, we found that the mean density of the lung parenchyma was decreased, and the low-attenuation area (LAA) was significantly increased by 14% compared with Mfap4(+/+) mice. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) did not reveal differences in the organization of elastic fibers, and there was no difference in elastin content, but a borderline significant increase in elastin mRNA expression in 3-mo-old mice. Stereological analysis showed that alveolar surface density in relation to the lung parenchyma and total alveolar surface area inside of the lung were both significantly decreased in Mfap4(-/-) mice by 25 and 15%, respectively. The data did not support an essential role of MFAP4 in pulmonary elastic fiber organization or content but indicated increased turnover in young Mfap4(-/-) mice. However, Mfap4(-/-) mice developed a spontaneous loss of lung function, which was evident at 6 mo of age, and moderate air space enlargement, with emphysema-like changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Trommelholt Holm
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helle Wulf-Johansson
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Svend Hvidsten
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Patricia Troest Jorgensen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Schlosser
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bartosz Pilecki
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Ormhøj
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Bonnet Moeller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Claus Johannsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christina Baun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Andersen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Philipp Schneider
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; and REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; and REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; and REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander A Götz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Schulz
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; and Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; and
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Grith Lykke Sorensen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark;
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Endo Y, Matsushita M, Fujita T. New insights into the role of ficolins in the lectin pathway of innate immunity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 316:49-110. [PMID: 25805122 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the innate immune system, a variety of recognition molecules provide the first-line host defense to prevent infection and maintain endogenous homeostasis. Ficolin is a soluble recognition molecule, which senses pathogen-associated molecular patterns on microbes and aberrant sugar structures on self-cells. It consists of a collagen-like stalk and a globular fibrinogen-like domain, the latter binding to carbohydrates such as N-acetylglucosamine. Ficolins have been widely identified in animals from higher invertebrates to mammals. In mammals, ficolins form complexes with mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MASPs), and ficolin-MASP complexes trigger complement activation via the lectin pathway. Once activated, complement mediates many immune responses including opsonization, phagocytosis, and cytokine production. Although the precise function of each ficolin is still under investigation, accumulating information suggests that ficolins have a crucial role in host defense by recognizing a variety of microorganisms and interacting with effector proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Endo
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Radioisotope Research Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Misao Matsushita
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Teizo Fujita
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima General Hygiene Institute, Fukushima, Japan
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44
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Lei X, Liu C, Azadzoi K, Li C, Lu F, Xiang A, Sun J, Guo Y, Zhao Q, Yan Z, Yang J. A novel IgM-H-ficolin complement pathway to attack allogenic cancer cells in vitro. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7824. [PMID: 25592840 PMCID: PMC4296296 DOI: 10.1038/srep07824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The pentameric serum IgMs are critical to immune defense and surveillance through cytotoxicity against microbes and nascent cancer cells. Ficolins, a group of oligomeric lectins with an overall structure similar to C1q and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) participate in microbe infection and apoptotic cell clearance by activating the complement lectin pathway or a primitive opsonophagocytosis. It remains unknown whether serum IgMs interplay with ficolins in cancer immunosurveillance. Here we report a natural cancer killing of different types of cancer cells by sera from a healthy human population mediated by a novel IgM-H-ficolin complement activation pathway. We demonstrate for the first time that H-ficolin bound to a subset of IgMs in positive human sera and IgM-H-ficolin deposited on cancer cells to activate complement attack in cancer cells. Our data suggest that the IgM-H-ficolin -mediated complement activation pathway may be another defensive strategy for human cancer immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 China
| | - Chaoxu Liu
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02130 USA
| | - Kazem Azadzoi
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02130 USA
| | - Cuiling Li
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000 China
| | - Fan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 China
| | - An Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 China
| | - Jianbin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 China
| | - Yanhai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 China
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 China
| | - Zhen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02130 USA
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000 China
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45
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Gorbushin AM, Borisova EA. Lectin-like molecules in transcriptome of Littorina littorea hemocytes. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 48:210-20. [PMID: 25451301 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The common periwinkle Littorina littorea was introduced in the list of models for comparative immunobiology as a representative of phylogenetically important taxon Caenogastropoda. Using Illumina sequencing technology, we de novo assembled the transcriptome of Littorina littorea hemocytes from 182 million mRNA-Seq pair-end 100 bp reads into a total of 15,526 contigs clustered in 4472 unigenes. The transcriptome profile was analyzed for presence of carbohydrate-binding molecules in a variety of architectural contexts. Hemocytes' repertoire of lectin-like proteins bearing conserved carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) is highly diversified, including 11 of 15 lectin families earlier described in animals, as well as the novel members of lectin family found for the first time in mollusc species. The new molluscan lineage-specific domain combinations were confirmed by cloning and sequencing, including the fuco-lectin related molecules (FLReMs) composed of N-terminal region with no sequence homology to any known protein, a middle Fucolectin Tachylectin-4 Pentaxrin (FTP) domain, and a C-terminal epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeat region. The repertoire of lectin-like molecules is discussed in terms of their potential participation in the receptor phase of immune response. In total, immune-associated functions may be attributed to 70 transcripts belonging to 6 lectin families. These lectin-like genes show low overlap between species of invertebrates, suggesting relatively rapid evolution of immune-associated genes in the group. The repertoire provides valuable candidates for further characterization of the gene functions in mollusc immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Gorbushin
- Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IEPhB RAS), St-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Elena A Borisova
- Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IEPhB RAS), St-Petersburg, Russia
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46
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Xiang Z, Qu F, Wang F, Li J, Zhang Y, Yu Z. Characteristic and functional analysis of a ficolin-like protein from the oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 40:514-23. [PMID: 25120216 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ficolins are a group of soluble animal proteins with multiple roles in innate immunity. These proteins recognize and bind carbohydrates in pathogens and activate the complement system, leading to opsonization, leukocyte activation, and direct pathogen killing, which have been reported in many animal species but might not be present in the shellfish lineage. In the present study, we identified the first fibrinogen-related protein from the oyster, Crassostrea hongkongensis. This novel ficolin-like protein contains a typical signal peptide and a fibrinogen-related domain (designated ChFCN) at the N and C termini, respectively, but does not contain the additional collagen-like domain of ficolins. The full-length cDNA of ChFCN is 1105 bp, encoding a putative protein of 297 amino acids with the molecular weight of 35.5 kD. ChFCN is ubiquitously expressed in selected tissues, with the highest expression level observed in the gills. The temporal expression of ChFCN following microbe infection shows that the expression of ChFCN in hemocytes increases at 3 h post-challenge. The ChFCN protein expression was also examined, and fluorescence microscopy revealed that deChFCN (truncated signal peptide) is located in the cytoplasm of HeLa cells. Full-length ChFCN was detected in the medium supernatant by western blot analysis. Recombinant ChFCN proteins with the molecular weight about 50 kD bind Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Staphylococcus haemolyticus or Escherichia coli K-12, but not those from Vibrio alginolyticus. Furthermore, the rChFCN protein could agglutinate Gram-negative bacteria E. coli K-12 and enhance the phagocytosis of C. hongkongensis hemocytes in vitro. These results indicate that ChFCN might play an important role in the immunity response of oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Fufa Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuxuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuehuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China.
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47
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Sun JJ, Lan JF, Shi XZ, Yang MC, Yang HT, Zhao XF, Wang JX. A fibrinogen-related protein (FREP) is involved in the antibacterial immunity of Marsupenaeus japonicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 39:296-304. [PMID: 24830772 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) in invertebrates have important functions in innate immunity. In this study, the cDNA of FREP was identified from the kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus (MjFREP2). The full-length cDNA of MjFREP2 is 1138 bp with an open reading frame of 954 bp that encodes a 317-amino acid protein comprising a signal peptide and a fibrinogen-like domain. MjFREP2 could be detected in hemocytes, heart, hepatopancreas, gills, stomach, and intestines. MjFREP2 could also be upregulated in hemocytes after Vibrio anguillarum and Staphylococcus aureus challenge. Agglutination and binding assay results revealed that the recombinant MjFREP2 bound to bacteria and polysaccharides. Immunocytochemical analysis results showed that MjFREP2 proteins were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of hemocytes from unchallenged shrimp and transported to the membrane or secreted out of the cell after V. anguillarum or S. aureus challenge. The secreted MjFREP2 bound to the bacteria presented in shrimp hemolymph. The overexpression of MjFREP2 could enhance bacterial clearance by inducing the phagocytosis of hemocytes. This ability was impaired by knockdown of MjFREP2 with RNA interference. The cumulative mortality of MjFREP2-silenced shrimp was significantly higher than that of the control shrimp. These results suggested that MjFREP2 has an important function in the antibacterial immunity of M. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Jie Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Jiang-Feng Lan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Ming-Chong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Hui-Ting Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
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48
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Tanio M, Kusunoki H, Kohno T. ¹H, ¹³C and ¹⁵N backbone resonance assignments of the monomeric human M-ficolin fibrinogen-like domain secreted by Brevibacillus choshinensis. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2014; 8:207-11. [PMID: 23708873 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-013-9484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
M-ficolin, which forms trimer-based multimers, is a pathogen-recognition protein in the innate immune system, and it binds to ligands through its fibrinogen-like (FBG) domain. As the first step toward the elucidation of the molecular basis for pathogen-recognition by the M-ficolin multimers, we assigned the backbone resonances of the monomeric mutant of the M-ficolin FBG domain, recombinantly expressed by Brevibacillus choshinensis. Like the wild-type trimeric FBG domain, the monomeric FBG domain also requires His251, His284 and His297 for the ligand-binding activity, as judged by mutational analyses using zonal affinity chromatography. The secondary structure predicted by the backbone resonance assignments is similar to that of the trimeric FBG domain in the crystal, indicating that the monomeric FBG domain is folded correctly to perform its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michikazu Tanio
- Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
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49
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Wulf-Johansson H, Lock Johansson S, Schlosser A, Trommelholt Holm A, Melholt Rasmussen L, Mickley H, Diederichsen ACP, Munkholm H, Poulsen TS, Tornøe I, Nielsen V, Marcussen N, Vestbo J, Sækmose SG, Holmskov U, Sorensen GL. Localization of microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) in human tissues: clinical evaluation of serum MFAP4 and its association with various cardiovascular conditions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82243. [PMID: 24349233 PMCID: PMC3862580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) is located in the extracellular matrix (ECM). We sought to identify tissues with high levels of MFAP4 mRNA and MFAP4 protein expression. Moreover, we aimed to evaluate the significance of MFAP4 as a marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to correlate MFAP4 with other known ECM markers, such as fibulin-1, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and osteopontin (OPN). Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated that MFAP4 mRNA was more highly expressed in the heart, lung, and intestine than in other elastic tissues. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated high levels of MFAP4 protein mainly at sites rich in elastic fibers and within blood vessels in all tissues investigated. The AlphaLISA technique was used to determine serum MFAP4 levels in a clinical cohort of 172 patients consisting of 5 matched groups with varying degrees of CVD: 1: patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 2: patients with non-STEMI, 3: patients destined for vascular surgery because of various atherosclerotic diseases (stable atherosclerotic disease), 4: apparently healthy individuals with documented coronary artery calcification (CAC-positive), and 5: apparently healthy individuals without signs of coronary artery calcification (CAC-negative). Serum MFAP4 levels were significantly lower in patients with stable atherosclerotic disease than CAC-negative individuals (p<0.05). Furthermore, lower serum MFAP4 levels were present in patients with stable atherosclerotic disease compared with STEMI and non-STEMI patients (p<0.05). In patients with stable atherosclerotic disease, positive correlations between MFAP4 and both fibulin-1 (ρ = 0.50; p = 0.0244) and OPG (ρ = 0.62; p = 0.0014) were found. Together, these results indicate that MFAP4 is mainly located in elastic fibers and is highly expressed in blood vessels. The present study suggests that serum MFAP4 varies in groups of patients with different cardiovascular conditions. Further studies are warranted to describe the role of serum MFAP4 as a biomarker of stable atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Wulf-Johansson
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Sofie Lock Johansson
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Schlosser
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne Trommelholt Holm
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Melholt Rasmussen
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hans Mickley
- Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Axel C. P. Diederichsen
- Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Munkholm
- Department of Cardiology, Lillebælt Hospital Vejle, Vejle, Denmark
| | | | - Ida Tornøe
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vicki Nielsen
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Marcussen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Respiratory and Allergy Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Gjørup Sækmose
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Næstved Hospital, Næstved, Denmark
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Grith Lykke Sorensen
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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50
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Chai Y, Yu S, Liu Y, Zhu Q. A fibrinogen-related protein (TfFREP2) gene involving in the immune response of Trachidermus fasciatus against Vibrio anguillarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1988-1992. [PMID: 24091062 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fibrinogen-related proteins play important roles in the immune responses. We have obtained a cDNA encoding a novel fibrinogen-related protein from roughskin sculpin Trachidermus fasciatus (T. fasciatus) and named it as TfFREP2. The N and C terminus of TfFREP2 contain a putative 21-amino acid signal peptide and a typical 217-amino acid fibrinogen-like domain, which is conserved in all fibrinogen-related proteins. TfFREP2 has three glycosylation sites and two potential calcium-binding sites that are possibly involved in calcium coordination. The results of tissue specific checking showed that the mRNA and protein of TfFREP2 were particularly abundant in skin and gill among all the tested tissues. TfFREP2 mRNA and protein expression changed significantly after being challenged by Vibrio anguillarum pathogen in those immune-barrier tissues, such as skin and gill. Furthermore, recombinant TfFREP2 is able to agglutinate and bind V. anguillarum in the presence of calcium ion. The above results suggest that TfFREP2 might be involved in the host defense of fish against V. anguillarum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Chai
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, PR China
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