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Pfeiffer A, Franciosa G, Locard-Paulet M, Piga I, Reckzeh K, Vemulapalli V, Blacklow SC, Theilgaard-Mönch K, Jensen LJ, Olsen JV. Phosphorylation of SHP2 at Tyr62 enables acquired resistance to SHP2 allosteric inhibitors in FLT3-ITD-driven AML. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2141-2155. [PMID: 35311954 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is crucial for oncogenic transformation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells expressing mutated receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). SHP2 is required for full RAS-ERK activation to promote cell proliferation and survival programs. Allosteric SHP2 inhibitors act by stabilizing SHP2 in its auto-inhibited conformation and are currently being tested in clinical trials for tumors with overactivation of the RAS/ERK pathway, alone and in various drug combinations. In this study, we established cells with acquired resistance to the allosteric SHP2 inhibitor SHP099 from two FLT3-ITD-positive AML cell lines. Label-free and isobaric labeling quantitative mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics of these resistant models demonstrated that AML cells can restore phosphorylated ERK (pERK) in the presence of SHP099, thus developing adaptive resistance. Mechanistically, SHP2 inhibition induced tyrosine phosphorylation and feedback-driven activation of the FLT3 receptor, which in turn phosphorylated SHP2 on tyrosine 62. This phosphorylation stabilized SHP2 in its open conformation, preventing SHP099 binding and conferring resistance. Combinatorial inhibition of SHP2 and MEK or FLT3 prevented pERK rebound and resistant cell growth. The same mechanism was observed in a FLT3-mutated B-ALL cell line and in the inv(16)/KitD816Y AML mouse model, but allosteric inhibition of Shp2 did not impair the clonogenic ability of normal bone marrow progenitors. Together, these results support the future use of SHP2 inhibitor combinations for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ilaria Piga
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Italy
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2
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Yang R, Dong Q, Xu H, Gao X, Zhao Z, Qin J, Chen C, Luo D. Identification of Phomoxanthone A and B as Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25927-25935. [PMID: 33073119 PMCID: PMC7557999 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phomoxanthone A and B (PXA and PXB) are xanthone dimers and isolated from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. By254. The results demonstrated that PXB and PXA are noncompetitive inhibitors of SHP2 and PTP1B and competitive inhibitors of SHP1. Molecular docking studies showed that PXB and PXA interact with conserved domains of protein tyrosine phosphatases such as the β5-β6 loop, WPD loop, P loop, and Q loop. PXA and PXB could significantly inhibit the cell proliferation in MCF7 cells. Our results indicated that these two compounds do not efficiently inhibit PTP1B and SHP2 activity. RNA sequencing showed that PXA and PXB may inhibit SHP1 activity in MCF7 cells leading to the upregulation of inflammatory factors. In addition to PTP inhibition, PXA and PXB are multitarget compounds to inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells. In conclusion, both compounds show inhibition of cancer cells and a certain degree of inflammatory stimulation, which make them promising for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runlei Yang
- College
of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Qian Dong
- College
of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Huibin Xu
- College
of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - XueHui Gao
- College
of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Ziyue Zhao
- College
of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Jianchun Qin
- College
of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- College
of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Duqiang Luo
- College
of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
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3
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Huber M, Cato ACB, Ainooson GK, Freichel M, Tsvilovskyy V, Jessberger R, Riedlinger E, Sommerhoff CP, Bischoff SC. Regulation of the pleiotropic effects of tissue-resident mast cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:S31-S45. [PMID: 30772496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs), which are best known for their detrimental role in patients with allergic diseases, act in a diverse array of physiologic and pathologic functions made possible by the plurality of MC types. Their various developmental avenues and distinct sensitivity to (micro-) environmental conditions convey extensive heterogeneity, resulting in diverse functions. We briefly summarize this heterogeneity, elaborate on molecular determinants that allow MCs to communicate with their environment to fulfill their tasks, discuss the protease repertoire stored in secretory lysosomes, and consider different aspects of MC signaling. Furthermore, we describe key MC governance mechanisms (ie, the high-affinity receptor for IgE [FcεRI]), the stem cell factor receptor KIT, the IL-4 system, and both Ca2+- and phosphatase-dependent mechanisms. Finally, we focus on distinct physiologic functions, such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis, host defense, and the regulation of MC functions at the mucosal barriers of the lung, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. A deeper knowledge of the pleiotropic functions of MC mediators, as well as the molecular processes of MC regulation and communication, should enable us to promote beneficial MC traits in physiology and suppress detrimental MC functions in patients with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andrew C B Cato
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - George K Ainooson
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marc Freichel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Tsvilovskyy
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eva Riedlinger
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
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4
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SHP1 and SHP2 inhibition enhances the pro-differentiative effect of phorbol esters: an alternative approach against acute myeloid leukemia. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:80. [PMID: 30764849 PMCID: PMC6376690 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The differentiation-based therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is an inspiring example for the search of novel strategies aimed at treatment of other subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Thus, the discovery of new molecular players in cell differentiation becomes a paramount research area to achieve this goal. Here, the involvement of the protein tyrosine phosphatases SHP1 and SHP2 on leukemic cells differentiation is shown, along with the therapeutic possibilities of their targeting to enhance the differentiation induction effect of phorbol esters. Methods The oxidation status and enzymatic activity of SHP1 and SHP2 during PMA-induced differentiation of HEL cells was evaluated. Additionally, the effects of RNAi-mediated downregulation of these phosphatases on cell differentiation was studied. Afterwards, the impact of chemical inhibition of SHP1 and SHP2 on differentiation both in the presence and absence of phorbol esters was tested. Finally, the anti-leukemic potential of phorbol esters and chemical inhibitors of SHP1 and SHP2 was addressed in several AML model cell lines, a xenograft mouse model and AML primary cells in vitro. Results An increase of oxidation with a concomitant decrease of activity was observed for both phosphatases at the onset of PMA-induced differentiation. Consistently, silencing of these proteins favored the process, with an enhanced effect upon their simultaneous downregulation. Moreover, the proteins SRC and β-catenin were identified as downstream targets of SHP1 and SHP2 in this context. In agreement with these findings, chemical inhibition of the phosphatases promoted cell differentiation itself and enhanced the effect of phorbol esters. Interestingly, treatment with the phorbol ester prostratin and the dual inhibitor of SHP1 and SHP2 NSC87877 synergistically hampered the proliferation of AML cell lines, prolonged the survival of xenografted mice and reduced the clonogenic potential of AML primary cells. Conclusions SHP1 and SHP2 are relevant mediators of differentiation in AML cells and their inhibition either alone or in combination with prostratin seems a promising differentiation-based therapeutic strategy against different subtypes of AML beyond APL. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1097-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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5
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Chen HM, van der Touw W, Wang YS, Kang K, Mai S, Zhang J, Alsina-Beauchamp D, Duty JA, Mungamuri SK, Zhang B, Moran T, Flavell R, Aaronson S, Hu HM, Arase H, Ramanathan S, Flores R, Pan PY, Chen SH. Blocking immunoinhibitory receptor LILRB2 reprograms tumor-associated myeloid cells and promotes antitumor immunity. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5647-5662. [PMID: 30352428 DOI: 10.1172/jci97570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated myeloid cells maintain immunosuppressive microenvironments within tumors. Identification of myeloid-specific receptors to modulate tumor-associated macrophage and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) functions remains challenging. The leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B (LILRB) family members are negative regulators of myeloid cell activation. We investigated how LILRB targeting could modulate tumor-associated myeloid cell function. LILRB2 antagonism inhibited receptor-mediated activation of SHP1/2 and enhanced proinflammatory responses. LILRB2 antagonism also inhibited AKT and STAT6 activation in the presence of M-CSF and IL-4. Transcriptome analysis revealed that LILRB2 antagonism altered genes involved in cell cytoskeleton remodeling, lipid/cholesterol metabolism, and endosomal sorting pathways, as well as changed differentiation gene networks associated with inflammatory myeloid cells as opposed to their alternatively activated phenotype. LILRB2 blockade effectively suppressed granulocytic MDSC and Treg infiltration and significantly promoted in vivo antitumor effects of T cell immune checkpoint inhibitors. Furthermore, LILRB2 blockade polarized tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells from non-small cell lung carcinoma tumor tissues toward an inflammatory phenotype. Our studies suggest that LILRB2 can potentially act as a myeloid immune checkpoint by reprogramming tumor-associated myeloid cells and provoking antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ming Chen
- Immunotherapy Research Center, and.,Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Kyeongah Kang
- Immunotherapy Research Center, and.,Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Jilu Zhang
- Immunotherapy Research Center, and.,Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Richard Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Hong-Ming Hu
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunobiology, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Hisashi Arase
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Suresh Ramanathan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Raja Flores
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA.,Department of General Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ping-Ying Pan
- Immunotherapy Research Center, and.,Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shu-Hsia Chen
- Immunotherapy Research Center, and.,Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
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6
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Wang B, Zhou X, Wang Y, Li R. Trifluoperazine Inhibits Mesangial Cell Proliferation by Arresting Cell Cycle-Dependent Mechanisms. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:3461-3469. [PMID: 28713151 PMCID: PMC5525635 DOI: 10.12659/msm.902522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that trifluoperazine (TFP) inhibits proliferation of cancer cells, however, the effects of TFP in renal proliferation diseases are still unclear. This study examined the effects of TFP on proliferation of human renal mesangial cells and analyzed the underlying mechanisms. Material/Methods Cell proliferation in vivo was determined by HE staining, immunohistochemistry of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Western blot analysis (Ki-67 and PCNA). Effects of different TFP concentrations and treatment duration on cell proliferation and cell cycle were analyzed using the MTT assay and flow cytometry. Expression of G0/G1 phase cell cycle-related proteins and TFP-induced MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways was estimated with Western blot analysis. Results Our findings suggest that TFP inhibits cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner and decreased PCNA and Ki-67 levels in lupus MRL/lpr mice. TFP arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, down-regulating cyclin D1, CDK2, and CDK4, and up-regulating p21 expression in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, TFP inhibited p-AKT and p-JNK, possibly by suppressing the activation of PI3K/AKT and JNK/MAPK signaling pathways. TFP treatment remarkably reduced the levels of serum creatinine (Cr) in lupus mice. Conclusions TFP exhibits inhibitory activity against mesangial cells in vivo and in vitro, which is associated with G1 cell cycle arrest by inactivation of PI3K/AKT and JNK/MAPK signaling pathways. These results suggest the potential of TFP in treatment of mesangial proliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yanqin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
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7
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Abram CL, Lowell CA. Shp1 function in myeloid cells. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:657-675. [PMID: 28606940 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2mr0317-105r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The motheaten mouse was first described in 1975 as a model of systemic inflammation and autoimmunity, as a result of immune system dysregulation. The phenotype was later ascribed to mutations in the cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphatase Shp1. This phosphatase is expressed widely throughout the hematopoietic system and has been shown to impact a multitude of cell signaling pathways. The determination of which cell types contribute to the different aspects of the phenotype caused by global Shp1 loss or mutation and which pathways within these cell types are regulated by Shp1 is important to further our understanding of immune system regulation. In this review, we focus on the role of Shp1 in myeloid cells and how its dysregulation affects immune function, which can impact human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare L Abram
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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8
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Liu J, Wang Y, Sun X, Ji N, Sun S, Wang Y, Liu F, Cui Q, Wang C, Liu Y. Promoter methylation attenuates SHP1 expression and function in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:887-894. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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9
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Plani-Lam JHC, Slavova-Azmanova NS, Kucera N, Louw A, Satiaputra J, Singer P, Lam KP, Hibbs ML, Ingley E. Csk-binding protein controls red blood cell development via regulation of Lyn tyrosine kinase activity. Exp Hematol 2016; 46:70-82.e10. [PMID: 27751872 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is controlled principally through erythropoietin (Epo) receptor signaling, which involves Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and Lyn tyrosine kinase, both of which are important for regulating red blood cell (RBC) development. Negative regulation of Lyn involves C-Src kinase (Csk)-mediated phosphorylation of its C-terminal tyrosine, which is facilitated by the transmembrane adaptor Csk-binding protein (Cbp). Although Cbp has significant functions in controlling Lyn levels and activity in erythroid cells in vitro, its importance to primary erythroid cell development and signaling has remained unclear. To address this, we assessed the consequence of loss of Cbp on the erythroid compartment in vivo and whether Epo-responsive cells isolated from Cbp-knockout mice exhibited altered signaling. Our data show that male Cbp-/- mice display a modest but significant alteration to late erythroid development in bone marrow with evidence of increased erythrocytes in the spleen, whereas female Cbp-/- mice exhibit a moderate elevation in early erythroid progenitors (not seen in male mice) that does not influence the later steps in RBC development. In isolated primary erythroid cells and cell lines generated from Cbp-/- mice, survival signaling through Lyn/Akt/FoxO3 was elevated, resulting in sustained viability during differentiation. The high Akt activity disrupted GAB2/SHP-2 feedback inhibition of Lyn; however, the elevated Lyn activity also increased inhibitory signaling via SHP-1 to restrict the Erk1/2 pathway. Interestingly, whereas loss of Cbp led to mild changes to late RBC development in male mice, this was not apparent in female Cbp-/- mice, possibly due to their elevated estrogen, which is known to facilitate early progenitor self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice H C Plani-Lam
- Cell Signalling Group, Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Neli S Slavova-Azmanova
- Cell Signalling Group, Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nicole Kucera
- Cell Signalling Group, Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alison Louw
- Cell Signalling Group, Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jiulia Satiaputra
- Cell Signalling Group, Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Singer
- Laboratory of Immunology, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kong-Peng Lam
- Laboratory of Immunology, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Margaret L Hibbs
- Leukocyte Signalling Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Evan Ingley
- Cell Signalling Group, Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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10
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Martín-Ávila A, Medina-Tamayo J, Ibarra-Sánchez A, Vázquez-Victorio G, Castillo-Arellano JI, Hernández-Mondragón AC, Rivera J, Madera-Salcedo IK, Blank U, Macías-Silva M, González-Espinosa C. Protein Tyrosine Kinase Fyn Regulates TLR4-Elicited Responses on Mast Cells Controlling the Function of a PP2A-PKCα/β Signaling Node Leading to TNF Secretion. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:5075-88. [PMID: 27183589 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells produce proinflammatory cytokines in response to TLR4 ligands, but the signaling pathways involved are not fully described. In this study, the participation of the Src family kinase Fyn in the production of TNF after stimulation with LPS was evaluated using bone marrow-derived mast cells from wild-type and Fyn-deficient mice. Fyn(-/-) cells showed higher LPS-induced secretion of preformed and de novo-synthesized TNF. In both cell types, TNF colocalized with vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)3-positive compartments. Addition of LPS provoked coalescence of VAMP3 and its interaction with synaptosomal-associated protein 23; those events were increased in the absence of Fyn. Higher TNF mRNA levels were also observed in Fyn-deficient cells as a result of increased transcription and greater mRNA stability after LPS treatment. Fyn(-/-) cells also showed higher LPS-induced activation of TAK-1 and ERK1/2, whereas IκB kinase and IκB were phosphorylated, even in basal conditions. Increased responsiveness in Fyn(-/-) cells was associated with a lower activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and augmented activity of protein kinase C (PKC)α/β, which was dissociated from PP2A and increased its association with the adapter protein neuroblast differentiation-associated protein (AHNAK, desmoyokin). LPS-induced PKCα/β activity was associated with VAMP3 coalescence in WT and Fyn-deficient cells. Reconstitution of MC-deficient Wsh mice with Fyn(-/-) MCs produced greater LPS-dependent production of TNF in the peritoneal cavity. Our data show that Fyn kinase is activated after TLR4 triggering and exerts an important negative control on LPS-dependent TNF production in MCs controlling the inactivation of PP2Ac and activation of PKCα/β necessary for the secretion of TNF by VAMP3(+) carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martín-Ávila
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Sede Sur, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaciel Medina-Tamayo
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Sede Sur, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Ibarra-Sánchez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Sede Sur, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Genaro Vázquez-Victorio
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Iván Castillo-Arellano
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Sede Sur, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alma Cristal Hernández-Mondragón
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Sede Sur, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Rivera
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1820; and
| | - Iris K Madera-Salcedo
- INSERM UMRS1149, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Diderot, Site X, Bichat, Paris 75018, France
| | - Ulrich Blank
- INSERM UMRS1149, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Diderot, Site X, Bichat, Paris 75018, France
| | - Marina Macías-Silva
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia González-Espinosa
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Sede Sur, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico;
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11
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Ahmad JN, Cerny O, Linhartova I, Masin J, Osicka R, Sebo P. cAMP signalling of Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin through the SHP-1 phosphatase activates the BimEL-Bax pro-apoptotic cascade in phagocytes. Cell Microbiol 2015; 18:384-98. [PMID: 26334669 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin (CyaA, ACT or AC-Hly) plays a key role in virulence of Bordetella pertussis. CyaA penetrates myeloid cells expressing the complement receptor 3 (αM β2 integrin CD11b/CD18) and subverts bactericidal capacities of neutrophils and macrophages by catalysing unregulated conversion of cytosolic ATP to the key signalling molecule adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). We show that the signalling of CyaA-produced cAMP hijacks, by an as yet unknown mechanism, the activity of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 and activates the pro-apoptotic BimEL-Bax cascade. Mitochondrial hyperpolarization occurred in human THP-1 macrophages within 10 min of exposure to low CyaA concentrations (e.g. 20 ng ml(-1) ) and was accompanied by accumulation of BimEL and association of the pro-apoptotic factor Bax with mitochondria. BimEL accumulation required cAMP/protein kinase A signalling, depended on SHP-1 activity and was selectively inhibited upon small interfering RNA knockdown of SHP-1 but not of the SHP-2 phosphatase. Moreover, signalling of CyaA-produced cAMP inhibited the AKT/protein kinase B pro-survival cascade, enhancing activity of the FoxO3a transcription factor and inducing Bim transcription. Synergy of FoxO3a activation with SHP-1 hijacking thus enables the toxin to rapidly trigger a persistent accumulation of BimEL, thereby activating the pro-apoptotic programme of macrophages and subverting the innate immunity of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawid Nazir Ahmad
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Bacterial Pathogens, Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Cerny
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Bacterial Pathogens, Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Linhartova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Bacterial Pathogens, Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Masin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Bacterial Pathogens, Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Osicka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Bacterial Pathogens, Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Sebo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Bacterial Pathogens, Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
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12
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Abstract
For a time, mast cells were viewed as simple granulocytic effector cells that mediate allergic symptoms. More recent discoveries show that mast cells can also function as potent pro- and anti-inflammatory immune regulators in a plethora of human diseases. Much of the current knowledge about mast cell functions comes from studies on rodent models. The membrane receptors for antigen/IgE and growth factors are the core initiators of signaling cascades that trigger various mast cell responses. Yet, the regulation and multifunctionality of key receptor-proximal protein tyrosine phosphorylation events are still not well understood. The roles of the members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase superfamily of enzymes in regulating mast cell development, survival, and immune activation will be reviewed in this chapter.
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Ravi D, Bhalla S, Gartenhaus RB, Crombie J, Kandela I, Sharma J, Mazar A, Evens AM. The novel organic arsenical darinaparsin induces MAPK-mediated and SHP1-dependent cell death in T-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma cells and human xenograft models. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:6023-33. [PMID: 25316819 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Darinaparsin (Zio-101) is a novel organic arsenical compound with encouraging clinical activity in relapsed/refractory T-cell lymphoma (TCL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL); however, little is known about its mechanism of action. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TCL cell lines (Jurkat, Hut78, and HH) and HL cell lines (L428, L540, and L1236) were examined for in vitro cell death by MTT assay and Annexin V-based flow cytometry. Jurkat and L540-derived xenografts in SCID mice were examined for in vivo tumor inhibition and survival. Biologic effects of darinaparsin on the MAPK pathway were investigated using pharmacologic inhibitors, RNAi and transient transfection for overexpression for SHP1 and MEK. RESULTS Darinaparsin treatment resulted in time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity and apoptosis in all TCL and HL cell lines. In addition, darinaparsin had more rapid, higher, and sustained intracellular arsenic levels compared with arsenic trioxide via mass spectrometry. In vivo experiments with Jurkat (TCL) and L540 (HL)-derived lymphoma xenografts showed significant inhibition of tumor growth and improved survival in darinaparsin-treated SCID mice. Biologically, darinaparsin caused phosphorylation of ERK (and relevant downstream substrates) primarily by decreasing the inhibitory SHP1 phosphatase and coimmunoprecipitation showed significant ERK/SHP1 interaction. Furthermore, ERK shRNA knockdown or constitutive overexpression of SHP1 resulted in increased apoptosis, whereas cotreatment with pharmacologic MEK inhibitors resulted in synergistic cell death. Conversely, SHP1 blockade (via pharmacologic inhibition or RNAi) and MEK constitutive activation decreased darinaparsin-related cell death. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these data show that darinaparsin is highly active in HL and TCL and its activity is dependent primarily on MAPK mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashnamoorthy Ravi
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute and Division of Hematology Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Savita Bhalla
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ronald B Gartenhaus
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Irawati Kandela
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Jaya Sharma
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute and Division of Hematology Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Mazar
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrew M Evens
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute and Division of Hematology Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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14
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Kovarova M, Koller BH. PGE₂ promotes apoptosis induced by cytokine deprivation through EP3 receptor and induces Bim in mouse mast cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102948. [PMID: 25054560 PMCID: PMC4108439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased mast cell numbers are observed at sites of allergic inflammation and restoration of normal mast cell numbers is critical to the resolution of these responses. Early studies showed that cytokines protect mast cells from apoptosis, suggesting a simple model in which diminished cytokine levels during resolution leads to cell death. The report that prostaglandins can contribute both to recruitment and to the resolution of inflammation together with the demonstration that mast cells express all four PGE2 receptors raises the question of whether a single PGE2 receptor mediates the ability of PGE2 to regulate mast cell survival and apoptosis. We report here that PGE2 through the EP3 receptor promotes cell death of mast cells initiated by cytokine withdrawal. Furthermore, the ability of PGE2 to limit reconstitution of tissues with cultured mast cells is lost in cell lacking the EP3 receptor. Apoptosis is accompanied by higher dissipation of mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm), increased caspase-3 activation, chromatin condensation, and low molecular weight DNA cleavage. PGE2 augmented cell death is dependent on an increase in intracellular calcium release, calmodulin dependent kinase II and MAPK activation. Synergy between the EP3 pathway and the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway results in increased Bim expression and higher sensitivity of mast cells to cytokine deprivation. This supports a model in which PGE2 can contribute to the resolution of inflammation in part by augmenting the removal of inflammatory cells in this case, mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kovarova
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Ke K, Sul OJ, Choi EK, Safdar AM, Kim ES, Choi HS. Reactive oxygen species induce the association of SHP-1 with c-Src and the oxidation of both to enhance osteoclast survival. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E61-70. [PMID: 24824657 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00044.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Loss of ovarian function causes oxidative stress as well as bone loss. We hypothesized that reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by the failure of ovarian function are responsible for the bone loss by increasing the number of osteoclasts (OC). We found that ROS enhanced OC survival via Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), c-Src, Akt, and ERK. ROS induced the association of SHP-1 with c-Src as well as the oxidation of c-Src and SHP-1. This resulted in inactivation of SHP-1 and activation of c-Src via phosphorylation of Tyr(416). Knockdown of c-Src or SHP-1 abolished the effect of ROS on OC survival. Moreover, downregulation of SHP-1 upregulated activation of c-Src, Akt, and ERK in the absence of any stimulus, suggesting that inactivation of SHP-1 is required for OC survival. We demonstrated that the association and oxidation of c-Src and SHP-1 by ROS are key steps in enhancing OC survival, which are responsible for increased bone loss when ovarian function ceases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea; and
| | - Ok-Joo Sul
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea; and
| | - Eun-Kyung Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea; and
| | - Ali M Safdar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea; and
| | - Eun-Sook Kim
- Department of Endocrinology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea; and
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16
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Kuse Y, Ogawa K, Tsuruma K, Shimazawa M, Hara H. Damage of photoreceptor-derived cells in culture induced by light emitting diode-derived blue light. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5223. [PMID: 24909301 PMCID: PMC4048889 DOI: 10.1038/srep05223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Our eyes are increasingly exposed to light from the emitting diode (LED) light of video display terminals (VDT) which contain much blue light. VDTs are equipped with televisions, personal computers, and smart phones. The present study aims to clarify the mechanism underlying blue LED light-induced photoreceptor cell damage. Murine cone photoreceptor-derived cells (661 W) were exposed to blue, white, or green LED light (0.38 mW/cm2). In the present study, blue LED light increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, altered the protein expression level, induced the aggregation of short-wavelength opsins (S-opsin), resulting in severe cell damage. While, blue LED light damaged the primary retinal cells and the damage was photoreceptor specific. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, protected against the cellular damage induced by blue LED light. Overall, the LED light induced cell damage was wavelength-, but not energy-dependent and may cause more severe retinal photoreceptor cell damage than the other LED light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kuse
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ogawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuruma
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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17
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Lyn kinase plays important roles in erythroid expansion, maturation and erythropoietin receptor signalling by regulating inhibitory signalling pathways that control survival. Biochem J 2014; 459:455-66. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20130903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In erythroid cells both positive viability signals and feedback inhibitory signalling require the Src family kinase Lyn, influencing cell survival and their ability to differentiate. This illustrates that Lyn is critical for normal erythropoiesis and erythroid cell development.
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18
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Yiran Z, Chenyang J, Jiajing W, Yan Y, Jianhong G, Jianchun B, Xuezhong L, Zongping L. Oxidative stress and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways involved in cadmium-induced BRL 3A cell apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:516051. [PMID: 23577223 PMCID: PMC3618937 DOI: 10.1155/2013/516051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, BRL 3A cells were treated with different Cd concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 40 μmol/L) for 12 h and preincubated with or without N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) (2 mmol/L) for 30 min, and cells were treated with Cd (0 and 20 μmol/L), pretreated with p38 inhibitor (SB203580), JNK (c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases) inhibitor (SP600125), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor (U0126) for 30 min, and then treated with 20 μmol/L Cd for 12 h. Cd decreased cell viability, SOD, and GSH-Px activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Increased MDA level, ROS generation, nuclear condensation, shrinkage, and fragmentation in cell morphology were inhibited by NAC. Cd-induced apoptosis was attenuated by pretreatment with SB203580, SP600125, and U0126. The results of western blot showed that NAC preincubation affected Cd-activated MAPK pathways, p38 and ERK phosphorylation. Cd treatment elevated the mRNA levels of Bax and decreased the mRNA levels of Bcl-2, respectively. The same effect was found in their protein expression levels. These results suggest that oxidative stress and MAPK pathways participate in Cd-induced apoptosis and that the balance between pro- and antiapoptotic genes (Bax and Bcl-2) is important in Cd-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yiran
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Chenyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wang Jiajing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gu Jianhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bian Jianchun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liu Xuezhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liu Zongping
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
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19
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Forbes K, Skinner L, Aplin JD, Westwood M. The tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 negatively regulates cytotrophoblast proliferation in first-trimester human placenta by modulating EGFR activation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:4029-40. [PMID: 22797910 PMCID: PMC11115170 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) influence placental cell (cytotrophoblast) kinetics. We recently reported that the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) SHP-2 positively regulates IGF actions in the placenta. In other systems, the closely related PTP, SHP-1, functions as a negative regulator of signaling events but its role in the placenta is still unknown. We examined the hypothesis that SHP-1 negatively regulates IGF actions in the human placenta. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis demonstrated that SHP-1 is abundant in cytotrophoblast. SHP-1 expression was decreased in first-trimester placental explants using siRNA; knockdown did not alter IGF-induced proliferation but it significantly enhanced proliferation in serum-free conditions, revealing that placental growth is endogenously regulated. Candidate regulators were determined by using antibody arrays, Western blotting, and IHC to examine the activation status of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in SHP-1-depleted explants; amongst the alterations observed was enhanced activation of EGFR, suggesting that SHP-1 may interact with EGFR to inhibit proliferation. The EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor PD153035 reversed the elevated proliferation seen in the absence of SHP-1. This study demonstrates a role for SHP-1 in human trophoblast turnover and establishes SHP-1 as a negative regulator of EGFR activation. Targeting placental SHP-1 expression may provide therapeutic benefits in common pregnancy conditions with abnormal trophoblast proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Forbes
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, School of Biomedicine, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK,
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20
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MacGlashan DW. IgE-dependent signaling as a therapeutic target for allergies. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33:502-9. [PMID: 22749712 PMCID: PMC3427396 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Atopic diseases are complex, with many immunological participants, but the central element in their expression is IgE antibody. In an atopic individual, the immune system pathologically reacts to environmental substances by producing IgE, and these allergen-specific IgE antibodies confer to IgE receptor-bearing cells responsiveness to the environmental substances. Mast cells and basophils are central to the immediate hypersensitivity reaction that is mediated by IgE. In humans, there are various other immune cells, notably dendritic cells and B cells, which can also bind IgE. For mast cells, basophils and dendritic cells, the receptor that binds IgE is the high-affinity receptor, FcɛRI. For B cells and a few other cell types, the low affinity receptor, FcɛRII, provides the cell with a means to sense the presence of IgE. This overview will focus on events following activation of the high-affinity receptor because FcɛRI generates the classical immediate hypersensitivity reaction.
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21
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Liu Y, Yang Y, Ye YC, Shi QF, Chai K, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Activation of ERK-p53 and ERK-mediated phosphorylation of Bcl-2 are involved in autophagic cell death induced by the c-Met inhibitor SU11274 in human lung cancer A549 cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 118:423-32. [PMID: 22466960 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11181fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
SU11274, a small molecule inhibitor of c-Met, was reported to induce apoptosis in human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. However, SU11274-mediated autophagy in NSCLC cells has rarely been reported. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms mediating SU11274-induced autophagy in NSCLC A549 cells. Here we reported that SU11274-induced autophagy was accompanied with an increase in the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and up-regulation of Beclin-1 expression. Subsequently, we also found that small interfering RNA against c-Met induced A549 cell autophagy while promotion of c-Met by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) suppressed A549 cell autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) suppressed SU11274-induced cell death, suggesting that SU11274-induced autophagy caused cell death. Further study showed that ERK and p53 were activated after SU11274 treatment. Interruption of ERK and p53 activities decreased SU11274-induced autophagy, and blocking of ERK by the specific inhibitor PD98059 suppressed SU11274-induced p53 activation. Moreover, ERK activation upregulated Beclin-1 expression through induction of Bcl-2 phosphorylation, but p53 did not induce Bcl-2 phosphorylation. In conclusion, inhibition of c-Met induced autophagic cell death, which was associated with ERK-p53 activation and ERK-mediated Bcl-2 phosphorylation in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
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22
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Pullen NA, Barnstein BO, Falanga YT, Wang Z, Suzuki R, Tamang TDL, Khurana MC, Harry EA, Draber P, Bunting KD, Mizuno K, Wilson BS, Ryan JJ. Novel mechanism for Fc{epsilon}RI-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) tyrosine phosphorylation and the selective influence of STAT5B over mast cell cytokine production. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:2045-54. [PMID: 22130676 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.311142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that STAT5 expression is required for mast cell development, survival, and IgE-mediated function. STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation is swiftly and transiently induced by activation of the high affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI. However, the mechanism for this mode of activation remains unknown. In this study we observed that STAT5 co-localizes with FcεRI in antigen-stimulated mast cells. This localization was supported by cholesterol depletion of membranes, which ablated STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation. Through the use of various pharmacological inhibitors and murine knock-out models, we found that IgE-mediated STAT5 activation is dependent upon Fyn kinase, independent of Syk, PI3K, Akt, Bruton's tyrosine kinase, and JAK2, and enhanced in the context of Lyn kinase deficiency. STAT5 immunoprecipitation revealed that unphosphorylated protein preassociates with Fyn and that this association diminishes significantly during mast cell activation. SHP-1 tyrosine phosphatase deficiency modestly enhanced STAT5 phosphorylation. This effect was more apparent in the absence of Gab2, a scaffolding protein that docks with multiple negative regulators, including SHP-1, SHP-2, and Lyn. Targeting of STAT5A or B with specific siRNA pools revealed that IgE-mediated mast cell cytokine production is selectively dependent upon the STAT5B isoform. Altogether, these data implicate Fyn as the major positive mediator of STAT5 after FcεRI engagement and demonstrate importantly distinct roles for STAT5A and STAT5B in mast cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Pullen
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA
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23
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Jiang JH, Yang EJ, Baek MG, Kim SH, Lee SM, Choi SM. Anti-inflammatory effects of electroacupuncture in the respiratory system of a symptomatic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis animal model. NEURODEGENER DIS 2011; 8:504-14. [PMID: 21849797 DOI: 10.1159/000327911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive inflammatory disease, treatment of the pulmonary system plays a key role in ALS patients' care. Previous studies have mainly examined the pathological mechanism of ALS in the central nervous system; however, there has been relatively little research regarding the pulmonary system in ALS animal models. In inflammatory diseases, including asthma and arthritis, electroacupuncture (EA) is commonly used for its anti-inflammatory effects. The goal of this study was to determine whether EA treatment affects inflammation in the pulmonary system in an ALS animal model. METHODS EA treatment at ST36 (Zusanli) acupoint was performed with 14-week-old hSOD1(G93A) transgenic mice. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using anti-ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) antibodies. To investigate the expression level of inflammatory proteins, Western blot analyses were performed using anti-Iba-1, anti-TNF-α, anti-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and anti-interleukin 6 (IL-6) antibodies. The activation of Ser435-phospho-specific RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (pAKT) and the increase of phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (pERK) protein in lung tissues of EA-treated and untreated hSOD1(G93A) mice were also evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS EA treatment decreased the expression of the proinflammatory proteins such as TNF-α and IL-6, pNF-κB, and Iba-1 and increased the level of activated pAKT and pERK compared to control hSOD1(G93A) mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that EA could be an effective anti-inflammatory treatment for the respiratory impairment that occurs in ALS animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hua Jiang
- Department of Standard Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Ma G, Pan PY, Eisenstein S, Divino CM, Lowell CA, Takai T, Chen SH. Paired immunoglobin-like receptor-B regulates the suppressive function and fate of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Immunity 2011; 34:385-95. [PMID: 21376641 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) bear characteristics of precursors for both M1 and M2 macrophages. The molecular mechanism underlying the differentiation into M1 and M2 macrophages and the relationship of this differentiation to antitumor responses remains largely undefined. Herein, we investigate the potential function of paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PIR-B), also known as leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 3 (LILRB3) in MDSC differentiation, and its role in tumor-induced immunity. Our studies indicated that MDSCs genetically ablated for PIR-B (Lilrb3(-/-)) underwent a specific transition to M1-like cells when entering the periphery from bone marrow, resulting in decreased suppressive function, regulatory T cell activation activity, primary tumor growth, and lung metastases. Activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR), signal transducers, and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in Lilrb3(-/-) MDSC promoted the acquisition of M1 phenotype. Inhibition of the PIR-B signaling pathway promoted MDSC differentiation into M1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Ma
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, Room 13-02, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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