1
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Valdivia A, Avalos AM, Leyton L. Thy-1 (CD90)-regulated cell adhesion and migration of mesenchymal cells: insights into adhesomes, mechanical forces, and signaling pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1221306. [PMID: 38099295 PMCID: PMC10720913 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1221306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion and migration depend on the assembly and disassembly of adhesive structures known as focal adhesions. Cells adhere to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and form these structures via receptors, such as integrins and syndecans, which initiate signal transduction pathways that bridge the ECM to the cytoskeleton, thus governing adhesion and migration processes. Integrins bind to the ECM and soluble or cell surface ligands to form integrin adhesion complexes (IAC), whose composition depends on the cellular context and cell type. Proteomic analyses of these IACs led to the curation of the term adhesome, which is a complex molecular network containing hundreds of proteins involved in signaling, adhesion, and cell movement. One of the hallmarks of these IACs is to sense mechanical cues that arise due to ECM rigidity, as well as the tension exerted by cell-cell interactions, and transduce this force by modifying the actin cytoskeleton to regulate cell migration. Among the integrin/syndecan cell surface ligands, we have described Thy-1 (CD90), a GPI-anchored protein that possesses binding domains for each of these receptors and, upon engaging them, stimulates cell adhesion and migration. In this review, we examine what is currently known about adhesomes, revise how mechanical forces have changed our view on the regulation of cell migration, and, in this context, discuss how we have contributed to the understanding of signaling mechanisms that control cell adhesion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Valdivia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ana María Avalos
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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2
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Bassani B, Cucchiara M, Butera A, Kayali O, Chiesa A, Palano MT, Olmeo F, Gallazzi M, Dellavia CPB, Mortara L, Parisi L, Bruno A. Neutrophils' Contribution to Periodontitis and Periodontitis-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15370. [PMID: 37895050 PMCID: PMC10607037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils represent the primary defense against microbial threats playing a pivotal role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. This review examines the multifaceted involvement of neutrophils in periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of teeth summarizing the contribution of neutrophil dysfunction in periodontitis and periodontal-related comorbidities. Periodontitis, a pathological condition promoted by dysbiosis of the oral microbiota, is characterized by the chronic inflammation of the gingiva and subsequent tissue destruction. Neutrophils are among the first immune cells recruited to the site of infection, releasing antimicrobial peptides, enzymes, and reactive oxygen species to eliminate pathogens. The persistent inflammatory state in periodontitis can lead to aberrant neutrophil activation and a sustained release of proinflammatory mediators, finally resulting in tissue damage, bone resorption, and disease progression. Growing evidence now points to the correlation between periodontitis and systemic comorbidities. Indeed, the release of inflammatory mediators, immune complexes, and oxidative stress by neutrophils, bridge the gap between local and systemic immunity, thus highlighting neutrophils as key players in linking periodontal inflammation to chronic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and rheumatoid arthritis. This review underscores the crucial role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and the complex link between neutrophil dysfunction, local inflammation, and systemic comorbidities. A comprehensive understanding of neutrophil contribution to periodontitis development and their impact on periodontal comorbidities holds significant implications for the management of oral health. Furthermore, it highlights the need for the development of novel approaches aimed at limiting the persistent recruitment and activation of neutrophils, also reducing the impact of periodontal inflammation on broader health contexts, offering promising avenues for improved disease management and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bassani
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.P.); (F.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Martina Cucchiara
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.P.); (F.O.); (M.G.)
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Andrea Butera
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Omar Kayali
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.P.); (F.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Alessandro Chiesa
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Teresa Palano
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.P.); (F.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Francesca Olmeo
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.P.); (F.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Matteo Gallazzi
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.P.); (F.O.); (M.G.)
| | | | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Luca Parisi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.B.); (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.T.P.); (F.O.); (M.G.)
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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3
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Ball L, Bauer J, Krautwurst D. Heterodimerization of Chemoreceptors TAS1R3 and mGlu 2 in Human Blood Leukocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12942. [PMID: 37629122 PMCID: PMC10454557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of canonical chemosensory receptors of the tongue, such as the heteromeric sweet taste (TAS1R2/TAS1R3) and umami taste (TAS1R1/TAS1R3) receptors, has been demonstrated in many extra-oral cells and tissues. Gene expression studies have revealed transcripts for all TAS1 and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors in different types of immune cells, where they are involved, for example, in the chemotaxis of human neutrophils and the protection of T cells from activation-induced cell death. Like other class-C G protein-coupling receptors (GPCRs), TAS1Rs and mGlu receptors form heteromers within their families. Since mGlu receptors and TAS1R1/TAS1R3 share the same ligand, monosodium glutamate (MSG), we hypothesized their hitherto unknown heteromerization across receptor families in leukocytes. Here we show, by means of immunocytochemistry and co-IP/Western analysis, that across class-C GPCR families, mGlu2 and TAS1R3 co-localize and heterodimerize in blood leukocytes. Expressing the recombinant receptors in HEK-293 cells, we validated their heterodimerization by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer. We demonstrate MSG-induced, mGlu2/TAS1R3 heteromer-dependent gain-of-function and pertussis toxin-sensitive signaling in luminescence assays. Notably, we show that mGlu2/TAS1R3 is necessary and sufficient for MSG-induced facilitation of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated IL-8 secretion in neutrophils, using receptor-specific antagonists. In summary, our results demonstrate mGlu2/TAS1R3 heterodimerization in leukocytes, suggesting cellular function-tailored chemoreceptor combinations to modulate cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Ball
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Alte Akademie 8a, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Julia Bauer
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Dietmar Krautwurst
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany;
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4
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Dhanesha N, Ansari J, Pandey N, Kaur H, Virk C, Stokes KY. Poststroke venous thromboembolism and neutrophil activation: an illustrated review. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100170. [PMID: 37274177 PMCID: PMC10236222 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with acute ischemic stroke are at a high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), estimated to affect approximately 80,000 patients with stroke each year in the United States. The prevalence of symptomatic DVT after acute stroke is approximately 10%. VTE is associated with increased rates of in-hospital death and disability, with higher prevalence of in-hospital complications and increased 1-year mortality in patients with stroke. Current guidelines recommend the use of pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis in patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, thromboprophylaxis prevents only half of expected VTE events and is associated with high risk of bleeding, suggesting the need for targeted alternative treatments to reduce VTE risk in these patients. Neutrophils are among the first cells in blood to respond after ischemic stroke. Importantly, coordinated interactions among neutrophils, platelets, and endothelial cells contribute to the development of DVT. In case of stroke and other related immune disorders, such as antiphospholipid syndrome, neutrophils potentiate thrombus propagation through the formation of neutrophil-platelet aggregates, secreting inflammatory mediators, complement activation, releasing tissue factor, and producing neutrophil extracellular traps. In this illustrated review article, we present epidemiology and management of poststroke VTE, preclinical and clinical evidence of neutrophil hyperactivation in stroke, and mechanisms for neutrophil-mediated VTE in the context of stroke. Given the hyperactivation of circulating neutrophils in patients with stroke, we propose that a better understanding of molecular mechanisms leading to neutrophil activation may result in the development of novel therapeutics to reduce the risk of VTE in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirav Dhanesha
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, USA
| | - Junaid Ansari
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, USA
| | - Nilesh Pandey
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, USA
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, USA
| | - Chiranjiv Virk
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, USA
| | - Karen Y. Stokes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, USA
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5
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Perdomo-Gómez CD, Ruiz-Uribe NE, González JM, Forero-Shelton M. Extensible membrane nanotubules mediate attachment of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes under flow. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283182. [PMID: 36947570 PMCID: PMC10032539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease, an important cause of infectious chronic myocardiopathy in Latin America. The life cycle of the parasite involves two main hosts: a triatomine (arthropod hematophagous vector) and a mammal. Epimastigotes are flagellated forms inside the triatomine gut; they mature in its intestine into metacyclic trypomastigotes, the infective form for humans. Parasites attach despite the shear stress generated by fluid flow in the intestines of the host, but little is known about the mechanisms that stabilize attachment in these conditions. Here, we describe the effect of varying levels of shear stress on attached T. cruzi epimastigotes using a parallel plate flow chamber. When flow is applied, parasites are partially dragged but maintain a connection to the surface via ~40 nm wide filaments (nanotubules) and the activity of flagella is reduced. When flow stops, parasites return near their original position and flagellar motion resumes. Nanotubule elongation increases with increasing shear stress and is consistent with a model of membrane tether extension under force. Fluorescent probes used to confirm membrane composition also show micron-wide anchoring pads at the distal end of the nanotubules. Multiple tethering accounts for more resistance to large shear stresses and for reduced flagellar movement when flow is stopped. The formation of membrane nanotubules is a possible mechanism to enhance adherence to host cells under shear stress, favoring the continuity of the parasite´s life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristhian David Perdomo-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Básicas Médicas, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nancy E Ruiz-Uribe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Physics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - John Mario González
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Básicas Médicas, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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6
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Bissenova S, Ellis D, Mathieu C, Gysemans C. Neutrophils in autoimmunity: when the hero becomes the villain. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 210:128-140. [PMID: 36208466 PMCID: PMC9750832 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils were long considered to be a short-lived homogenous cell population, limited to their role as first responders in anti-bacterial and -fungal immunity. While it is true that neutrophils are first to infiltrate the site of infection to eliminate pathogens, growing evidence suggests their functions could extend beyond those of basic innate immune cells. Along with their well-established role in pathogen elimination, utilizing effector functions such as phagocytosis, degranulation, and the deployment of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), neutrophils have recently been shown to possess antigen-presenting capabilities. Moreover, the identification of different subtypes of neutrophils points to a multifactorial heterogeneous cell population with great plasticity in which some subsets have enhanced pro-inflammatory characteristics, while others seem to behave as immunosuppressors. Interestingly, the aberrant presence of activated neutrophils with a pro-inflammatory profile in several systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), multiple sclerosis (MS), and type 1 diabetes (T1D) could potentially be exploited in novel therapeutic strategies. The full extent of the involvement of neutrophils, and more specifically that of their various subtypes, in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases is yet to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samal Bissenova
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Darcy Ellis
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Gabius H, Cudic M, Diercks T, Kaltner H, Kopitz J, Mayo KH, Murphy PV, Oscarson S, Roy R, Schedlbauer A, Toegel S, Romero A. What is the Sugar Code? Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100327. [PMID: 34496130 PMCID: PMC8901795 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A code is defined by the nature of the symbols, which are used to generate information-storing combinations (e. g. oligo- and polymers). Like nucleic acids and proteins, oligo- and polysaccharides are ubiquitous, and they are a biochemical platform for establishing molecular messages. Of note, the letters of the sugar code system (third alphabet of life) excel in coding capacity by making an unsurpassed versatility for isomer (code word) formation possible by variability in anomery and linkage position of the glycosidic bond, ring size and branching. The enzymatic machinery for glycan biosynthesis (writers) realizes this enormous potential for building a large vocabulary. It includes possibilities for dynamic editing/erasing as known from nucleic acids and proteins. Matching the glycome diversity, a large panel of sugar receptors (lectins) has developed based on more than a dozen folds. Lectins 'read' the glycan-encoded information. Hydrogen/coordination bonding and ionic pairing together with stacking and C-H/π-interactions as well as modes of spatial glycan presentation underlie the selectivity and specificity of glycan-lectin recognition. Modular design of lectins together with glycan display and the nature of the cognate glycoconjugate account for the large number of post-binding events. They give an entry to the glycan vocabulary its functional, often context-dependent meaning(s), hereby building the dictionary of the sugar code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans‐Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryFaculty of Veterinary MedicineLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichVeterinärstr. 1380539MunichGermany
| | - Maré Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryCharles E. Schmidt College of ScienceFlorida Atlantic University777 Glades RoadBoca RatonFlorida33431USA
| | - Tammo Diercks
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE)Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801 A48160DerioBizkaiaSpain
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryFaculty of Veterinary MedicineLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichVeterinärstr. 1380539MunichGermany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of PathologyDepartment of Applied Tumor BiologyFaculty of MedicineRuprecht-Karls-University HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Kevin H. Mayo
- Department of BiochemistryMolecular Biology & BiophysicsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA
| | - Paul V. Murphy
- CÚRAM – SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices and theSchool of ChemistryNational University of Ireland GalwayUniversity RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical BiologyUniversity College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland
| | - René Roy
- Département de Chimie et BiochimieUniversité du Québec à MontréalCase Postale 888Succ. Centre-Ville MontréalQuébecH3C 3P8Canada
| | - Andreas Schedlbauer
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE)Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801 A48160DerioBizkaiaSpain
| | - Stefan Toegel
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic BiologyDepartment of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Antonio Romero
- Department of Structural and Chemical BiologyCIB Margarita Salas, CSICRamiro de Maeztu 928040MadridSpain
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Cappenberg A, Kardell M, Zarbock A. Selectin-Mediated Signaling-Shedding Light on the Regulation of Integrin Activity in Neutrophils. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081310. [PMID: 35455989 PMCID: PMC9025114 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of tissue injury or infection, neutrophils are recruited in a stepwise recruitment process from the bloodstream into the surrounding tissue. Selectins are a family of adhesion molecules comprised of L-, E-, and P-selectin. Differences in expression patterns, protein structure, and ligand binding characteristics mediate distinct functions of each selectin. Interactions of selectins and their counter-receptors mediate the first contact of neutrophils with the endothelium, as well as subsequent neutrophil rolling along the endothelial surface. For efficient neutrophil recruitment, activation of β2-integrins on the cell surface is essential. Integrin activation can be elicited via selectin- as well as chemokine-mediated inside-out signaling resulting in integrin conformational changes and clustering. Dysregulation of selectin-induced integrin activation on neutrophils is involved in the development of severe pathological disease conditions including leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) syndromes in humans. Here, we review molecular mechanisms involved in selectin-mediated signaling pathways in neutrophils and their impact on integrin activation, neutrophil recruitment, and inflammatory diseases.
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9
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Kraus RF, Gruber MA. Neutrophils-From Bone Marrow to First-Line Defense of the Innate Immune System. Front Immunol 2022; 12:767175. [PMID: 35003081 PMCID: PMC8732951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells; PMNs) form a first line of defense against pathogens and are therefore an important component of the innate immune response. As a result of poorly controlled activation, however, PMNs can also mediate tissue damage in numerous diseases, often by increasing tissue inflammation and injury. According to current knowledge, PMNs are not only part of the pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases but also of conditions with disturbed tissue homeostasis such as trauma and shock. Scientific advances in the past two decades have changed the role of neutrophils from that of solely immune defense cells to cells that are responsible for the general integrity of the body, even in the absence of pathogens. To better understand PMN function in the human organism, our review outlines the role of PMNs within the innate immune system. This review provides an overview of the migration of PMNs from the vascular compartment to the target tissue as well as their chemotactic processes and illuminates crucial neutrophil immune properties at the site of the lesion. The review is focused on the formation of chemotactic gradients in interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the influence of the ECM on PMN function. In addition, our review summarizes current knowledge about the phenomenon of bidirectional and reverse PMN migration, neutrophil microtubules, and the microtubule organizing center in PMN migration. As a conclusive feature, we review and discuss new findings about neutrophil behavior in cancer environment and tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Felix Kraus
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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10
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Al Alwan B, AbuZineh K, Nozue S, Rakhmatulina A, Aldehaiman M, Al-Amoodi AS, Serag MF, Aleisa FA, Merzaban JS, Habuchi S. Single-molecule imaging and microfluidic platform reveal molecular mechanisms of leukemic cell rolling. Commun Biol 2021; 4:868. [PMID: 34262131 PMCID: PMC8280113 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) and leukemic cell homing is an important biological phenomenon that occurs through key interactions between adhesion molecules. Tethering and rolling of the cells on endothelium, the crucial initial step of the adhesion cascade, is mediated by interactions between selectins expressed on endothelium to their ligands expressed on HSPCs/leukemic cells in flow. Although multiple factors that affect the rolling behavior of the cells have been identified, molecular mechanisms that enable the essential slow and stable cell rolling remain elusive. Here, using a microfluidics-based single-molecule live cell fluorescence imaging, we reveal that unique spatiotemporal dynamics of selectin ligands on the membrane tethers and slings, which are distinct from that on the cell body, play an essential role in the rolling of the cell. Our results suggest that the spatial confinement of the selectin ligands to the tethers and slings together with the rapid scanning of a large area by the selectin ligands, increases the efficiency of selectin-ligand interactions during cell rolling, resulting in slow and stable rolling of the cell on the selectins. Our findings provide novel insights and contribute significantly to the molecular-level understanding of the initial and essential step of the homing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Al Alwan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karmen AbuZineh
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuho Nozue
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aigerim Rakhmatulina
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Aldehaiman
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma S Al-Amoodi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged F Serag
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fajr A Aleisa
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasmeen S Merzaban
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Satoshi Habuchi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
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11
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Biomechanics of Neutrophil Tethers. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060515. [PMID: 34073130 PMCID: PMC8230032 DOI: 10.3390/life11060515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes, including neutrophils, propelled by blood flow, can roll on inflamed endothelium using transient bonds between selectins and their ligands, and integrins and their ligands. When such receptor–ligand bonds last long enough, the leukocyte microvilli become extended and eventually form thin, 20 µm long tethers. Tether formation can be observed in blood vessels in vivo and in microfluidic flow chambers. Tethers can also be extracted using micropipette aspiration, biomembrane force probe, optical trap, or atomic force microscopy approaches. Here, we review the biomechanical properties of leukocyte tethers as gleaned from such measurements and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. We also review and discuss viscoelastic models that describe the dependence of tether formation on time, force, rate of loading, and cell activation. We close by emphasizing the need to combine experimental observations with quantitative models and computer simulations to understand how tether formation is affected by membrane tension, membrane reservoir, and interactions of the membrane with the cytoskeleton.
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12
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Neutrophils lacking ERM proteins polarize and crawl directionally but have decreased adhesion strength. Blood Adv 2021; 4:3559-3571. [PMID: 32761234 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins are adaptors that link the actin cytoskeleton to the cytoplasmic domains of membrane proteins. Leukocytes express mostly moesin with lower levels of ezrin but no radixin. When leukocytes are activated, ERMs are postulated to redistribute membrane proteins from microvilli into uropods during polarization and to transduce signals that influence adhesion and other responses. However, these functions have not been tested in leukocytes lacking all ERMs. We used knockout (KO) mice with neutrophils lacking ezrin, moesin, or both proteins (double knockout [DKO]) to probe how ERMs modulate cell shape, adhesion, and signaling in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, chemokine-stimulated DKO neutrophils still polarized and redistributed ERM-binding proteins such as PSGL-1 and CD44 to the uropods. Selectin binding to PSGL-1 on moesin KO or DKO neutrophils activated kinases that enable integrin-dependent slow rolling but not those that generate neutrophil extracellular traps. Flowing neutrophils of all genotypes rolled normally on selectins and, upon chemokine stimulation, arrested on integrin ligands. However, moesin KO and DKO neutrophils exhibited defective integrin outside-in signaling and reduced adhesion strength. In vivo, DKO neutrophils displayed normal directional crawling toward a chemotactic gradient, but premature detachment markedly reduced migration from venules into inflamed tissues. Our results demonstrate that stimulated neutrophils do not require ERMs to polarize or to move membrane proteins into uropods. They also reveal an unexpected contribution of moesin to integrin outside-in signaling and adhesion strengthening.
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13
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Yasunaga AB, Murad Y, Kapras V, Menard F, Li ITS. Quantitative interpretation of cell rolling velocity distribution. Biophys J 2021; 120:2511-2520. [PMID: 33932434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte rolling adhesion, facilitated by selectin-mediated interactions, is a highly dynamic process in which cells roll along the endothelial surface of blood vessel walls to reach the site of infection. The most common approach to investigate cell-substrate adhesion is to analyze the cell rolling velocity in response to shear stress changes. It is assumed that changes in rolling velocity indicate changes in adhesion strength. In general, cell rolling velocity is studied at the population level as an average velocity corresponding to given shear stress. However, no statistical investigation has been performed on the instantaneous velocity distribution. In this study, we first developed a method to remove systematic noise and revealed the true velocity distribution to exhibit a log-normal profile. We then demonstrated that the log-normal distribution describes the instantaneous velocity at both the population and single-cell levels across the physiological flow rates. The log-normal parameters capture the cell motion more accurately than the mean and median velocities, which are prone to systematic error. Lastly, we connected the velocity distribution to the molecular adhesion force distribution and showed that the slip-bond regime of the catch-slip behavior of the P-selectin/PSGL-1 interaction is responsible for the variation of cell velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Yasunaga
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yousif Murad
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vojtěch Kapras
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Frederic Menard
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Isaac T S Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.
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14
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15
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Fine N, Gracey E, Dimitriou I, La Rose J, Glogauer M, Rottapel R. GEF-H1 Is Required for Colchicine Inhibition of Neutrophil Rolling and Recruitment in Mouse Models of Gout. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:3300-3310. [PMID: 33199537 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gout is a painful arthritic inflammatory disease caused by buildup of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joints. Colchicine, a microtubule-depolymerizing agent that is used in prophylaxis and treatment of acute gout flare, alleviates the painful inflammatory response to MSU crystals. Using i.p. and intra-articular mouse models of gout-like inflammation, we found that GEF-H1/GEF-H1/AHRGEF2, a microtubule-associated Rho-GEF, was necessary for the inhibitory effect of colchicine on neutrophil recruitment. GEF-H1 was required for neutrophil polarization in response to colchicine, characterized by uropod formation, accumulation of F-actin and myosin L chain at the leading edge, and accumulation of phosphorylated myosin L chain, flotillin-2, and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) in the uropod. Wild-type neutrophils that were pre-exposed to colchicine failed to roll or accumulate on activated endothelial monolayers, whereas GEF-H1 knockout (GEF-H1-/-) neutrophils were unaffected by treatment with colchicine. In vivo, colchicine blocked MSU-induced recruitment of neutrophils to the peritoneum and the synovium in wild-type mice, but not in GEF-H1-/- mice. Inhibition of macrophage IL-1β production by colchicine was independent of GEF-H1, supporting a neutrophil-intrinsic mode of action. Our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of colchicine in acute gout-like inflammation can be accounted for by inhibition of neutrophil-rolling interactions with the inflamed vasculature and occurs through GEF-H1-dependent neutrophil stimulation by colchicine. These results contribute to our understanding of the therapeutic action of colchicine, and could inform the application of this drug in other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Fine
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Eric Gracey
- Vlaams Institute for Biotechnology Centre for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ioannis Dimitriou
- Department of Immunology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - José La Rose
- Department of Immunology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Department of Immunology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; .,Department of Medicine, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; and.,Division of Rheumatology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
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16
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Groeneweg L, Hidalgo A, A-Gonzalez N. Emerging roles of infiltrating granulocytes and monocytes in homeostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3823-3830. [PMID: 32248248 PMCID: PMC7508737 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The infiltration of naïve tissues by myeloid cells has been long related to their clearance and the physiological cell turnover, however, increasing evidence shows that they can additionally fulfill specific, non-immune functions in different tissues. There is also growing evidence to support that infiltrated granulocytes and monocytes respond to different environments by modulating gene expression and cytokine production, which in turn contribute to the normal function of the host tissue. This review will address the roles of immigrated myeloid cells in different tissues and their crosstalk with the host tissue environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Groeneweg
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andres Hidalgo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Noelia A-Gonzalez
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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17
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Kim SHJ, Hammer DA. Integrin crosstalk allows CD4+ T lymphocytes to continue migrating in the upstream direction after flow. Integr Biol (Camb) 2020; 11:384-393. [PMID: 31851360 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to perform critical immune functions at sites of inflammation, circulatory T lymphocytes must be able to arrest, adhere, migrate and transmigrate on the endothelial surface. This progression of steps is coordinated by cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs), chemokines, and selectins presented on the endothelium. Two important interactions are between Lymphocyte Function-associated Antigen-1 (LFA-1) and Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and also between Very Late Antigen-4 (VLA-4) and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Recent studies have shown that T lymphocytes and other cell types can migrate upstream (against the direction) of flow through the binding of LFA-1 to ICAM-1. Since upstream migration of T cells depends on a specific adhesive pathway, we hypothesized that mechanotransduction is critical to migration, and that signals might allow T-cells to remember their direction of migration after the flow is terminated. Cells on ICAM-1 surfaces migrate against the shear flow, but the upstream migration reverts to random migration after the flow is stopped. Cells on VCAM-1 migrate with the direction of flow. However, on surfaces that combine ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, cells crawl upstream at a shear rate of 800 s-1 and continue migrating in the upstream direction for at least 30 minutes after the flow is terminated-we call this 'migrational memory'. Post-flow upstream migration on VCAM-1/ICAM-1 surfaces is reversed upon the inhibition of PI3K, but conserved with cdc42 and Arp2/3 inhibitors. Using an antibody against VLA-4, we can block migrational memory on VCAM-1/ICAM-1 surfaces. Using a soluble ligand for VLA-4 (sVCAM-1), we can promote migrational memory on ICAM-1 surfaces. These results indicate that, while upstream migration under flow requires LFA-1 binding to immobilized ICAM-1, signaling from VLA-4 and PI3K activity is required for the migrational memory of CD4+ T cells. These results indicate that crosstalk between integrins potentiates the signal of upstream migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hyun Ji Kim
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel A Hammer
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
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18
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Malachowski T, Hassel A. Engineering nanoparticles to overcome immunological barriers for enhanced drug delivery. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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19
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Sundd P, Kuebler WM. Smooth Muscle Cells: A Novel Site of P-Selectin Expression with Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Relevance in Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 199:1307-1309. [PMID: 30592637 PMCID: PMC6543715 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201812-2242ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Prithu Sundd
- 1 Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute.,2 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- 3 Institute of Physiology Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany.,4 Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,5 Department of Surgery and.,6 Department of Physiology University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Taylor ME, Drickamer K. Mammalian sugar-binding receptors: known functions and unexplored roles. FEBS J 2019; 286:1800-1814. [PMID: 30657247 PMCID: PMC6563452 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian glycan-binding receptors, sometimes known as lectins, interact with glycans, the oligosaccharide portions of endogenous mammalian glycoproteins and glycolipids as well as sugars on the surfaces of microbes. These receptors guide glycoproteins out of and back into cells, facilitate communication between cells through both adhesion and signaling, and allow the innate immune system to respond quickly to viral, fungal, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens. For many of the roughly 100 glycan-binding receptors that are known in humans, there are good descriptions of what types of glycans they bind and how selectivity for these ligands is achieved at the molecular level. In some cases, there is also comprehensive evidence for the roles that the receptors play at the cellular and organismal levels. In addition to highlighting these well-understood paradigms for glycan-binding receptors, this review will suggest where gaps remain in our understanding of the physiological functions that they can serve.
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21
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Effector and Regulatory T Cells Roll at High Shear Stress by Inducible Tether and Sling Formation. Cell Rep 2019; 21:3885-3899. [PMID: 29281835 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune response involves T cell differentiation and migration to sites of inflammation. T cell trafficking is initiated by rolling on inflamed endothelium. Tethers and slings, discovered in neutrophils, facilitate cell rolling at high shear stress. Here, we demonstrate that the ability to form tethers and slings during rolling is highly inducible in T helper 1 (Th1), Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells but less in Th2 cells. In vivo, endogenous Treg cells rolled stably in cremaster venules at physiological shear stress. Quantitative dynamic footprinting nanoscopy of Th1, Th17, and Treg cells uncovered the formation of multiple tethers per cell. Human Th1 cells also showed tethers and slings. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed the induction of cell migration and cytoskeletal genes in sling-forming cells. We conclude that differentiated CD4 T cells stabilize rolling by inducible tether and sling formation. These phenotypic changes approximate the adhesion phenotype of neutrophils and support CD4 T cell access to sites of inflammation.
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22
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AbuZineh K, Joudeh LI, Al Alwan B, Hamdan SM, Merzaban JS, Habuchi S. Microfluidics-based super-resolution microscopy enables nanoscopic characterization of blood stem cell rolling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat5304. [PMID: 30035228 PMCID: PMC6051739 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat5304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) homing occurs via cell adhesion mediated by spatiotemporally organized ligand-receptor interactions. Although molecules and biological processes involved in this multistep cellular interaction with endothelium have been studied extensively, molecular mechanisms of this process, in particular the nanoscale spatiotemporal behavior of ligand-receptor interactions and their role in the cellular interaction, remain elusive. We introduce a microfluidics-based super-resolution fluorescence imaging platform and apply the method to investigate the initial essential step in the homing, tethering, and rolling of HSPCs under external shear stress that is mediated by selectins, expressed on endothelium, with selectin ligands (that is, CD44) expressed on HSPCs. Our new method reveals transient nanoscale reorganization of CD44 clusters during cell rolling on E-selectin. We demonstrate that this mechanical force-induced reorganization is accompanied by a large structural reorganization of actin cytoskeleton. The CD44 clusters were partly disrupted by disrupting lipid rafts. The spatial reorganization of CD44 and actin cytoskeleton was not observed for the lipid raft-disrupted cells, demonstrating the essential role of the spatial clustering of CD44 on its reorganization during cell rolling. The lipid raft disruption causes faster and unstable cell rolling on E-selectin compared with the intact cells. Together, our results demonstrate that the spatial reorganization of CD44 and actin cytoskeleton is the result of concerted effect of E-selectin-ligand interactions, external shear stress, and spatial clustering of the selectin ligands, and has significant effect on the tethering/rolling step in HSPC homing. Our new experimental platform provides a foundation for characterizing complicated HSPC homing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmen AbuZineh
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luay I. Joudeh
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Al Alwan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir M. Hamdan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Satoshi Habuchi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Formyl Met-Leu-Phe-Stimulated FPR1 Phosphorylation in Plate-Adherent Human Neutrophils: Enhanced Proteolysis but Lack of Inhibition by Platelet-Activating Factor. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:3178970. [PMID: 29785402 PMCID: PMC5896419 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3178970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF) is a model PAMP/DAMP driving human PMN to sites of injury/infection utilizing the GPCR, FPR1. We examined a microtiter plate format for measurement of FPR1 phosphorylation in adherent PMN at high densities and found that a new phosphosensitive FPR1 fragment, 25K-FPR1, accumulates in SDS-PAGE extracts. 25K-FPR1 is fully inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate PMN pretreatment but is not physiologic, as its formation failed to be significantly perturbed by ATP depletion, time and temperature of adherence, or adherence mechanism. 25K-FPR1 was minimized by extracting fMLF-exposed PMN in lithium dodecylsulfate at 4°C prior to reduction/alkylation. After exposure of adherent PMN to a 5 log range of PAF before or after fMLF, unlike in suspension PMN, no inhibition of fMLF-induced FPR1 phosphorylation was observed. However, PAF induced the release of 40% of PMN lactate dehydrogenase, implying significant cell lysis. We infer that PAF-induced inhibition of fMLF-dependent FPR1 phosphorylation observed in suspension PMN does not occur in the unlysed adherent PMN. We speculate that although the conditions of the assay may induce PAF-stimulated necrosis, the cell densities on the plates may approach levels observed in inflamed tissues and provide for an explanation of PAF's divergent effects on FPR1 phosphorylation as well as PMN function.
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24
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De-adhesion dynamics of melanoma cells from brain endothelial layer. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:745-751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Beyond the Matrix: The Many Non-ECM Ligands for Integrins. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020449. [PMID: 29393909 PMCID: PMC5855671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional view of integrins portrays these highly conserved cell surface receptors as mediators of cellular attachment to the extracellular matrix (ECM), and to a lesser degree, as coordinators of leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium. These canonical activities are indispensable; however, there is also a wide variety of integrin functions mediated by non-ECM ligands that transcend the traditional roles of integrins. Some of these unorthodox roles involve cell-cell interactions and are engaged to support immune functions such as leukocyte transmigration, recognition of opsonization factors, and stimulation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Other cell-cell interactions mediated by integrins include hematopoietic stem cell and tumor cell homing to target tissues. Integrins also serve as cell-surface receptors for various growth factors, hormones, and small molecules. Interestingly, integrins have also been exploited by a wide variety of organisms including viruses and bacteria to support infectious activities such as cellular adhesion and/or cellular internalization. Additionally, the disruption of integrin function through the use of soluble integrin ligands is a common strategy adopted by several parasites in order to inhibit blood clotting during hematophagy, or by venomous snakes to kill prey. In this review, we strive to go beyond the matrix and summarize non-ECM ligands that interact with integrins in order to highlight these non-traditional functions of integrins.
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26
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Marki A, Buscher K, Mikulski Z, Pries A, Ley K. Rolling neutrophils form tethers and slings under physiologic conditions in vivo. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 103:67-70. [PMID: 28821572 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1ab0617-230r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human and mouse neutrophils are known to form tethers when rolling on selectins in vitro. Tethers are ∼0.2 μm thin, ∼5-10 μm-long structures behind rolling cells that can swing around to form slings that serve as self-adhesive substrates. Here, we developed a mouse intravital imaging method, where the neutrophil surface is labeled by injecting fluorescently labeled mAb to Ly-6G. Venules in the cremaster muscle of live mice were imaged at a high frame rate using a confocal microscope equipped with a fast resonant scanner. We observed 270 tethers (median length 3.5 μm) and 31 slings (median length 6.9 µm) on 186 neutrophils of 15 mice. Out of 199 tether break events, 123 were followed by immediate acceleration of the rolling cell, which shows that tethers are load-bearing structures in vivo. In venules with a high wall shear stress (WSS; > 12 dyn/cm2 ), median rolling velocity was higher (19 μm/s), and 43% of rolling neutrophils had visible tethers. In venules with WSS < 12 dyn/cm2 , only 26% of rolling neutrophils had visible tethers. We conclude that neutrophil tethers are commonly present and stabilize rolling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Marki
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Konrad Buscher
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Axel Pries
- Department of Physiology, Charite Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
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27
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Not just a marker: CD34 on human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells dominates vascular selectin binding along with CD44. Blood Adv 2017; 1:2799-2816. [PMID: 29296932 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017004317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CD34 is routinely used to identify and isolate human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) for use clinically in bone marrow transplantation, but its function on these cells remains elusive. Glycoprotein ligands on HSPCs help guide their migration to specialized microvascular beds in the bone marrow that express vascular selectins (E- and P-selectin). Here, we show that HSPC-enriched fractions from human hematopoietic tissue expressing CD34 (CD34pos) bound selectins, whereas those lacking CD34 (CD34neg) did not. An unbiased proteomics screen identified potential glycoprotein ligands on CD34pos cells revealing CD34 itself as a major vascular selectin ligand. Biochemical and CD34 knockdown analyses highlight a key role for CD34 in the first prerequisite step of cell migration, suggesting that it is not just a marker on these cells. Our results also entice future potential strategies to investigate the glycoforms of CD34 that discriminate normal HSPCs from leukemic cells and to manipulate CD34neg HSPC-enriched bone marrow or cord blood populations as a source of stem cells for clinical use.
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28
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Neutrophils and PMN-MDSC: Their biological role and interaction with stromal cells. Semin Immunol 2017; 35:19-28. [PMID: 29254756 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils and polymorphonucler myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) share origin and many morphological and phenotypic features. However, they have different biological role. Neutrophils are one of the major mechanisms of protection against invading pathogens, whereas PMN-MDSC have immune suppressive activity and restrict immune responses in cancer, chronic infectious disease, trauma, sepsis, and many other pathological conditions. Although in healthy adult individuals, PMN-MDSC are not or barely detectable, in patients with cancer and many other diseases they accumulate at various degree and co-exist with neutrophils. Recent advances allow for better distinction of these cells and better understanding of their biological role. Accumulating evidence indicates PMN-MDSC as pathologically activated neutrophils, with important role in regulation of immune responses. In this review, we provide an overview on the definition and characterization of PMN-MDSC and neutrophils, their pathological significance in a variety of diseases, and their interaction with other stromal components.
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Begandt D, Thome S, Sperandio M, Walzog B. How neutrophils resist shear stress at blood vessel walls: molecular mechanisms, subcellular structures, and cell-cell interactions. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:699-709. [PMID: 28619950 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3mr0117-026rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first cells arriving at sites of tissue injury or infection to combat invading pathogens. Successful neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation highly depends on specific molecular mechanisms, fine-tuning the received information into signaling pathways and converting them into well-described recruitment steps. This review highlights the impact of vascular flow conditions on neutrophil recruitment and the multitude of mechanisms developed to enable this sophisticated process under wall shear stress conditions. The recruitment process underlies a complex interplay between adhesion and signaling molecules, as well as chemokines, in which neutrophils developed specific mechanisms to travel to sites of lesion in low and high shear stress conditions. Rolling, as the first step in the recruitment process, highly depends on endothelial selectins and their ligands on neutrophils, inducting of intracellular signaling and subsequently activating β2 integrins, enabling adhesion and postadhesion events. In addition, subcellular structures, such as microvilli, tethers, and slings allow the cell to arrest, even under high wall shear stress. Thereby, microvilli that are pulled out from the cell body form tethers that develop into slings upon their detachment from the substrate. In addition to the above-described primary capture, secondary capture of neutrophils via neutrophil-neutrophil or neutrophil-platelet interaction promotes the process of neutrophil recruitment to sites of lesion. Thus, precise mechanisms based on a complex molecular interplay, subcellular structures, and cell-cell interactions turn the delicate process of neutrophil trafficking during flow into a robust response allowing effective neutrophil accumulation at sites of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Begandt
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sarah Thome
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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Caster DJ, Powell DW, Miralda I, Ward RA, McLeish KR. Re-Examining Neutrophil Participation in GN. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2275-2289. [PMID: 28620081 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016121271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant advances in understanding the pathogenesis of GN have occurred in recent decades. Among those advances is the finding that both innate and adaptive immune cells contribute to the development of GN. Neutrophils were recognized as key contributors in early animal models of GN, at a time when the prevailing view considered neutrophils to function as nonspecific effector cells that die quickly after performing antimicrobial functions. However, advances over the past two decades have shown that neutrophil functions are more complex and sophisticated. Specifically, research has revealed that neutrophil survival is regulated by the inflammatory milieu and that neutrophils demonstrate plasticity, mediate microbial killing through previously unrecognized mechanisms, demonstrate transcriptional activity leading to the release of cytokines and chemokines, interact with and regulate cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems, and contribute to the resolution of inflammation. Therefore, neutrophil participation in glomerular diseases deserves re-evaluation. In this review, we describe advances in understanding classic neutrophil functions, review the expanded roles of neutrophils in innate and adaptive immune responses, and summarize current knowledge of neutrophil contributions to GN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn J Caster
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, .,Nephrology Section, Medicine Service, Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, and
| | - David W Powell
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Irina Miralda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Richard A Ward
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Kenneth R McLeish
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Nephrology Section, Medicine Service, Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, and
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31
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Niethammer P. Neutrophil mechanotransduction: A GEF to sense fluid shear stress. J Cell Biol 2017; 215:13-14. [PMID: 27738002 PMCID: PMC5057290 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201609101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Forces deriving from blood flow shear modulate vascular adherence and transendothelial migration of leukocytes into inflamed tissues, but the mechanisms by which shear is sensed are unclear. In this issue, Fine et al. (2016. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201603109) identify the guanosine nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1 as critical for shear stress-induced transendothelial neutrophil migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Niethammer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
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Nitzsche F, Müller C, Lukomska B, Jolkkonen J, Deten A, Boltze J. Concise Review: MSC Adhesion Cascade-Insights into Homing and Transendothelial Migration. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1446-1460. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Nitzsche
- Department of Ischemia Research; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Leipzig Germany
- Department of Radiology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Claudia Müller
- Department of Ischemia Research; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Leipzig Germany
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department; Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Warsaw Poland
| | - Jukka Jolkkonen
- Department of Neurology; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern; Kuopio Finland
| | - Alexander Deten
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
| | - Johannes Boltze
- Department of Ischemia Research; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology; Leipzig Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
- Department of Translational Medicine and Cell Technology; Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
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33
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Mapping cell surface adhesion by rotation tracking and adhesion footprinting. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44502. [PMID: 28290531 PMCID: PMC5349612 DOI: 10.1038/srep44502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rolling adhesion, in which cells passively roll along surfaces under shear flow, is a critical process involved in inflammatory responses and cancer metastasis. Surface adhesion properties regulated by adhesion receptors and membrane tethers are critical in understanding cell rolling behavior. Locally, adhesion molecules are distributed at the tips of membrane tethers. However, how functional adhesion properties are globally distributed on the individual cell’s surface is unknown. Here, we developed a label-free technique to determine the spatial distribution of adhesive properties on rolling cell surfaces. Using dark-field imaging and particle tracking, we extract the rotational motion of individual rolling cells. The rotational information allows us to construct an adhesion map along the contact circumference of a single cell. To complement this approach, we also developed a fluorescent adhesion footprint assay to record the molecular adhesion events from cell rolling. Applying the combination of the two methods on human promyelocytic leukemia cells, our results surprisingly reveal that adhesion is non-uniformly distributed in patches on the cell surfaces. Our label-free adhesion mapping methods are applicable to the variety of cell types that undergo rolling adhesion and provide a quantitative picture of cell surface adhesion at the functional and molecular level.
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Leukocyte Kinetics and Migration in the Lungs. Respir Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41912-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Morikis VA, Radecke C, Jiang Y, Heinrich V, Curry FR, Simon SI. Atrial natriuretic peptide down-regulates neutrophil recruitment on inflamed endothelium by reducing cell deformability and resistance to detachment force. Biorheology 2016; 52:447-63. [PMID: 26639357 DOI: 10.3233/bir-15067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is administered in patients with acute heart failure in Japan to improve renal function and hemodynamics, but its anti-inflammatory effect on activated leukocytes may also contribute to its therapeutic efficacy. OBJECTIVE Examine unconventional role of ANP in neutrophil adhesion to inflamed endothelium. METHODS Human neutrophils were perfused over endothelial monolayers in a microfluidic lab-chip assay. Cell rheology was assessed by micropipette aspiration to assess changes in cortical tension and viscosity. Fluorescence microscopy was applied to measure adhesive contact area and β2-integrin focal bond formation. RESULTS ANP inhibited neutrophil rolling and firm adhesion without influencing the upregulation of cellular adhesion molecules on endothelium or the regulation of high affinity CD18 and shedding of L-selectin during neutrophil activation. Exposed to fluid shear, integrin mediated arrest was disrupted with ANP treatment, which elicited formation of long tethers and diminished cell spreading and contact. This correlated with a ∼40% increase in neutrophil viscosity and a reduction in the adhesive footprint. CONCLUSIONS A decrease in cell deformation and neutrophil flattening with ANP results in fewer integrin bond clusters, which translates to higher tensile forces and impaired adhesion strengthening and cell detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios A Morikis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Chris Radecke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Volkmar Heinrich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Fitz-Roy Curry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Scott I Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Marki A, Gutierrez E, Mikulski Z, Groisman A, Ley K. Microfluidics-based side view flow chamber reveals tether-to-sling transition in rolling neutrophils. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28870. [PMID: 27357741 PMCID: PMC4928115 DOI: 10.1038/srep28870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils rolling at high shear stress (above 6 dyn/cm2) form tethers in the rear and slings in the front. Here, we developed a novel photo-lithographically fabricated, silicone(PDMS)-based side-view flow chamber to dynamically visualize tether and sling formation. Fluorescently membrane-labeled mouse neutrophils rolled on P-selectin substrate at 10 dyn/cm2. Most rolling cells formed 5 tethers that were 2–30 μm long. Breaking of a single tether caused a reproducible forward microjump of the cell, showing that the tether was load-bearing. About 15% of all tether-breaking events resulted in slings. The tether-to-sling transition was fast (<100 ms) with no visible material extending above the rolling cell, suggesting a very low bending modulus of the tether. The sling downstream of the rolling cell aligned according to the streamlines before landing on the flow chamber. These new observations explain how slings form from tethers and provide insight into their biomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Marki
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edgar Gutierrez
- Department of Physics and University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Alex Groisman
- Department of Physics and University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Canetti EFD, Keane J, McLellan CP, Gray AB. Comparison of capillary and venous blood in the analysis of concentration and function of leucocyte sub-populations. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:1583-93. [PMID: 27306382 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Compare capillary and venous blood in the analysis of concentration and function of leucocyte sub-populations. This study hypothesised that capillary samples may be used in a site-specific manner as an alternative source of blood samples for assays of leucocyte concentration and neutrophilic phagocytic function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, allowing acquisition of multiple samples to better monitor transient but significant post-exercise immune modulation. METHODS Resting blood samples were simultaneously obtained from vein, finger and earlobe of healthy subjects (n = 10, age: 25.1 ± 3.1 years). Leucocyte concentrations were measured using a five-part differential haematological analyser. Leucocyte sub-populations (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD56, CD14) and granulocytic functional-related (CD11b, CD18, CD16b, CD66b) surface antigen markers, neutrophil phagocytosis (FITC-labelled Escherichia coli) and stimulated ROS production (DHR) were quantified utilizing flow cytometry. A MANOVA (α < 0.05 significance) analysed the effects of the different sampling sites in the concentrations of leucocyte populations, their surface antigen expression and granulocytic functions. RESULTS Leucocyte concentration and neutrophilic ROS production yielded non-significant differences between sampling sites. Expression of granulocytic surface antigens was increased in both capillary sites compared to venous site (p = 0.008), particularly for adhesion markers CD11b/CD18. The percentage of neutrophils performing phagocytosis was higher in venous samples compared to finger (p = 0.025). Increased number of E. coli ingested was observed in venous sample compared to finger (p = 0.001) and to earlobe (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION Whilst attention must be paid for varying neutrophilic surface antigen expression and further studies are needed to establish appropriate reference ranges, this study supports the use of capillary blood samples in a site-specific manner to enhance sampling capabilities field-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa F D Canetti
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 14 University Drive, Robina, 4226, QLD, Australia.
| | - J Keane
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 14 University Drive, Robina, 4226, QLD, Australia
| | - C P McLellan
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 14 University Drive, Robina, 4226, QLD, Australia
| | - A B Gray
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 14 University Drive, Robina, 4226, QLD, Australia
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38
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Soroush F, Zhang T, King DJ, Tang Y, Deosarkar S, Prabhakarpandian B, Kilpatrick LE, Kiani MF. A novel microfluidic assay reveals a key role for protein kinase C δ in regulating human neutrophil-endothelium interaction. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:1027-1035. [PMID: 27190303 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ma0216-087r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A key step in neutrophil-mediated tissue damage is the migration of activated neutrophils across the vascular endothelium. Previously, we identified protein kinase C δ as a critical regulator of neutrophil migration in sepsis but did not identify specific steps in migration. In this study, we used our novel biomimetic microfluidic assay to delineate systematically the mechanism by which protein kinase C δ regulates individual steps in human neutrophil-endothelial interaction during inflammation. The biomimetic microfluidic assay includes a network of vascular channels, produced from in vivo images connected to a tissue compartment through a porous barrier. HUVECs cultured in vascular channels formed a complete lumen under physiologic shear flow. HUVECs were pretreated with TNF-α ± a protein kinase C δ inhibitor, and the tissue compartment was filled with a chemoattractant (fMLP or IL-8). Under physiologic shear flow, the role of protein kinase C δ on spatial and temporal neutrophil adherence/migration was quantified. Protein kinase C δ inhibition significantly reduced neutrophil adhesion in response to fMLP and IL-8 only under low shear rate and near bifurcations. Protein kinase C δ inhibition also decreased adherence to nonactivated HUVECs in response to fMLP or IL-8. Protein kinase C δ inhibition reduced neutrophil migration into the tissue compartment in response to fMLP and to a lesser degree, to IL-8. Antibody-coated microparticles demonstrated that protein kinase C δ inhibition down-regulated E-selectin and ICAM-1 but not VCAM-1 expression. With the use of a physiologically relevant in vitro model system, we demonstrate that protein kinase C δ plays an important role in the regulation of neutrophil adherence/migration during inflammation and identifies key steps regulated by protein kinase C δ in neutrophil-endothelial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Soroush
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Center for Inflammation, Clinical and Translational Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Devon J King
- Department of Physiology and Center for Inflammation, Clinical and Translational Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sudhir Deosarkar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Laurie E Kilpatrick
- Department of Physiology and Center for Inflammation, Clinical and Translational Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mohammad F Kiani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; .,Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Dual functions of Rap1 are crucial for T-cell homeostasis and prevention of spontaneous colitis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8982. [PMID: 26634692 PMCID: PMC4686857 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rap1-GTP activates leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) to induce arrest on the high endothelial venule (HEV). Here we show that Rap1-GDP restrains rolling behaviours of T cells on the peripheral lymph node addressin (PNAd), P-selectin and mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MadCAM-1) by inhibiting tether formation. Consequently, Rap1 deficiency impairs homing of naive T cells to peripheral lymph nodes, but accelerates homing of TH17 and TH1 cells to the colon, resulting in spontaneous colitis with tumours. Rap1-GDP associates with and activates lymphocyte-oriented kinase, which phosphorylates ERM (ezrin, radixin and moesin) in resting T cells. Phosphomimetic ezrin reduces the rolling of Rap1-deficient cells, and thereby decreases their homing into the colon. On the other hand, chemokines activate Rap1 at the plasma membrane within seconds, and Rap1-GTP binds to filamins, which diminishes its association with the β2 chain of LFA-1 and results in LFA-1 activation. This Rap1-dependent regulation of T-cell circulation prevents the onset of colitis. Rap1, a member of the Ras family of small guanine triphosphatases, mediates lymphocyte adhesion to high endothelial venules. Here the authors show that depending on its activation status Rap1 plays a dual role in T cell adhesion and by regulating T cell homeostasis is involved in the protection from colitis.
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40
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Yang ZW, Meng XX, Xu P. Central role of neutrophil in the pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2513-20. [PMID: 26249268 PMCID: PMC4627557 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is an acute abdominal disease with the strong systemic inflammatory response, and rapidly progresses from a local pancreatic damage into multiple organ dysfunction. For many decades, the contributions of neutrophils to the pathology of SAP were traditionally thought to be the chemokine and cytokine cascades that accompany inflammation. In this review, we focus mainly on those recently recognized aspects of neutrophils in SAP processes. First, emerging evidence suggests that therapeutic interventions targeting neutrophils significantly lower tissue damage and protect against the occurrence of pancreatitis. Second, trypsin activation promotes the initial neutrophils recruitment into local pancreas, and subsequently neutrophils infiltration in turn triggers trypsin production. Finally, neutrophils have the unique ability to release neutrophil extracellular traps even in the absence of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Yang
- Pharmacy Department, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated the First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Meng
- Digestive Department, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated the First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Digestive Department, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated the First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neutrophil extravasation from the blood into tissues is initiated by tethering and rolling of neutrophils on endothelial cells, followed by neutrophil integrin activation and shear resistant arrest, crawling, diapedesis and breaching the endothelial basement membrane harbouring pericytes. Endothelial intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and ICAM-2, in conjunction with ICAM-1 on pericytes, critically contribute to each step. In addition, epithelial ICAM-1 is involved in neutrophil migration to peri-epithelial sites. The most recent findings on the role of ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 for neutrophil migration into tissues will be reviewed here. RECENT FINDINGS Signalling via endothelial ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 contributes to stiffness of the endothelial cells at sites of chronic inflammation and junctional maturation, respectively. Endothelial ICAM-2 contributes to neutrophil crawling and initiation of paracellular diapedesis, which then proceeds independent of ICAM-2. Substantial transcellular neutrophil diapedesis across the blood-brain barrier is strictly dependent on endothelial ICAM-1 and ICAM-2. Endothelial ICAM-1 or ICAM-2 is involved in neutrophil-mediated plasma leakage. ICAM-1 on pericytes assists the final step of neutrophil extravasation. Epithelial ICAM-1 rather indirectly promotes neutrophil migration to peri-epithelial sites. SUMMARY ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 are involved in each step of neutrophil extravasation, and have redundant but also distinct functions. Analysis of the role of endothelial ICAM-1 requires simultaneous consideration of ICAM-2.
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Mountford JK, Petitjean C, Putra HWK, McCafferty JA, Setiabakti NM, Lee H, Tønnesen LL, McFadyen JD, Schoenwaelder SM, Eckly A, Gachet C, Ellis S, Voss AK, Dickins RA, Hamilton JR, Jackson SP. The class II PI 3-kinase, PI3KC2α, links platelet internal membrane structure to shear-dependent adhesive function. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6535. [PMID: 25779105 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3KC2α is a broadly expressed lipid kinase with critical functions during embryonic development but poorly defined roles in adult physiology. Here we utilize multiple mouse genetic models to uncover a role for PI3KC2α in regulating the internal membrane reserve structure of megakaryocytes (demarcation membrane system) and platelets (open canalicular system) that results in dysregulated platelet adhesion under haemodynamic shear stress. Structural alterations in the platelet internal membrane lead to enhanced membrane tether formation that is associated with accelerated, yet highly unstable, thrombus formation in vitro and in vivo. Notably, agonist-induced 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositide production and cellular activation are normal in PI3KC2α-deficient platelets. These findings demonstrate an important role for PI3KC2α in regulating shear-dependent platelet adhesion via regulation of membrane structure, rather than acute signalling. These studies provide a link between the open canalicular system and platelet adhesive function that has relevance to the primary haemostatic and prothrombotic function of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Mountford
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Level 6, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Claire Petitjean
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Level 6, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Harun W Kusuma Putra
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Level 6, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Jonathan A McCafferty
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Level 6, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Natasha M Setiabakti
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Level 6, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Hannah Lee
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Level 6, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Lotte L Tønnesen
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Level 6, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - James D McFadyen
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Level 6, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Simone M Schoenwaelder
- 1] Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Level 6, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia [2] The Heart Research Institute and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Newtown 2050, Australia
| | - Anita Eckly
- Unité mixte de recherche S949 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gachet
- Unité mixte de recherche S949 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Ellis
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Anne K Voss
- 1] Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ross A Dickins
- 1] Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Justin R Hamilton
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Level 6, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Shaun P Jackson
- 1] Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Level 6, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia [2] The Heart Research Institute and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Newtown 2050, Australia [3] Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
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43
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The role of chemokines in cutaneous immunosurveillance. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:337-46. [PMID: 25776847 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The skin serves as a critical barrier against pathogen entry. This protection is afforded by an array of skin-resident immune cells, which act as first-line responders against barrier breach and infection. The recruitment and positioning of these cells is controlled at multiple levels by endothelial cells, pericytes, perivascular macrophages and mast cells, and by the fibroblasts in the dermis and keratinocytes in the epidermis. Chemokine signalling through chemokine receptors expressed by the various leukocyte subsets is critical for their trafficking into and within the skin. The role of chemokines in the skin is complex, and remains incompletely understood despite three decades of investigation. Here, we review the roles that different chemokine pathways play in the skin, and highlight the recent developments in the field.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metastasis contributes to over 90% of cancer-related deaths. Numerous nanoparticle platforms have been developed to target and treat cancer, yet efficient delivery of these systems to the appropriate site remains challenging. Leukocytes, which share similarities to tumor cells in terms of their transport and migration through the body, are well suited to serve as carriers of drug delivery systems to target cancer sites. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the use and functionalization of leukocytes for therapeutic targeting of metastatic cancer. Tumor cell and leukocyte extravasation, margination in the bloodstream, and migration into soft tissue are discussed, along with the potential to exploit these functional similarities to effectively deliver drugs. Current nanoparticle-based drug formulations for the treatment of cancer are reviewed, along with methods to functionalize delivery vehicles to leukocytes, either on the surface and/or within the cell. Recent progress in this area, both in vitro and in vivo, is also discussed, with a particular emphasis on targeting cancer cells in the bloodstream as a means to interrupt the metastatic process. EXPERT OPINION Leukocytes interact with cancer cells both in the bloodstream and at the site of solid tumors. These interactions can be utilized to effectively deliver drugs to targeted areas, which can reduce both the amount of drug required and various nonspecific cytotoxic effects within the body. If drug delivery vehicle functionalization does not interfere with leukocyte function, this approach may be utilized to neutralize tumor cells in the bloodstream to prevent the formation of new metastases, and also to deliver drugs to metastatic sites within tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Mitchell
- Cornell University, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Ithaca, NY 14853 , USA
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Peterson BW, He Y, Ren Y, Zerdoum A, Libera MR, Sharma PK, van Winkelhoff AJ, Neut D, Stoodley P, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ. Viscoelasticity of biofilms and their recalcitrance to mechanical and chemical challenges. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2015; 39:234-45. [PMID: 25725015 PMCID: PMC4398279 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuu008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We summarize different studies describing mechanisms through which bacteria in a biofilm mode of growth resist mechanical and chemical challenges. Acknowledging previous microscopic work describing voids and channels in biofilms that govern a biofilms response to such challenges, we advocate a more quantitative approach that builds on the relation between structure and composition of materials with their viscoelastic properties. Biofilms possess features of both viscoelastic solids and liquids, like skin or blood, and stress relaxation of biofilms has been found to be a corollary of their structure and composition, including the EPS matrix and bacterial interactions. Review of the literature on viscoelastic properties of biofilms in ancient and modern environments as well as of infectious biofilms reveals that the viscoelastic properties of a biofilm relate with antimicrobial penetration in a biofilm. In addition, also the removal of biofilm from surfaces appears governed by the viscoelasticity of a biofilm. Herewith, it is established that the viscoelasticity of biofilms, as a corollary of structure and composition, performs a role in their protection against mechanical and chemical challenges. Pathways are discussed to make biofilms more susceptible to antimicrobials by intervening with their viscoelasticity, as a quantifiable expression of their structure and composition. Recalcitrance of biofilms against mechanical and chemical challenges has been looked at for ages from a microbiological perspective, but an approach based on viscoelastic properties of biofilms yields new insights in this recalcitrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon W Peterson
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yan He
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Orthodontics, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yijin Ren
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Orthodontics, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aidan Zerdoum
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
| | - Matthew R Libera
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
| | - Prashant K Sharma
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arie-Jan van Winkelhoff
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Anatonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Neut
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Departments of Microbial Infection and Immunity and Orthopedics, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Henny C van der Mei
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Busscher
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Zuidema MY, Korthuis RJ. Intravital microscopic methods to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects and signaling mechanisms evoked by hydrogen sulfide. Methods Enzymol 2015; 555:93-125. [PMID: 25747477 PMCID: PMC4722536 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gaseous signaling molecule with potent anti-inflammatory properties. Exogenous application of H2S donors, administered either acutely during an inflammatory response or as an antecedent preconditioning intervention that invokes the activation of anti-inflammatory cell survival programs, effectively limits leukocyte rolling, adhesion and emigration, generation of reactive oxygen species, chemokine and cell adhesion molecule expression, endothelial barrier disruption, capillary perfusion deficits, and parenchymal cell dysfunction and injury. This chapter focuses on intravital microscopic methods that can be used to assess the anti-inflammatory effects exerted by H2S, as well as to explore the cellular signaling mechanisms by which this gaseous molecule limits the aforementioned inflammatory responses. Recent advances include use of intravital multiphoton microscopy and optical biosensor technology to explore signaling mechanisms in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozow Y Zuidema
- Harry S. Truman Veterans Administration Hospital, Cardiology, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ronald J Korthuis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
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Mitchell MJ, Lin KS, King MR. Fluid shear stress increases neutrophil activation via platelet-activating factor. Biophys J 2014; 106:2243-53. [PMID: 24853753 PMCID: PMC4052238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte exposure to hemodynamic shear forces is critical for physiological functions including initial adhesion to the endothelium, the formation of pseudopods, and migration into tissues. G-protein coupled receptors on neutrophils, which bind to chemoattractants and play a role in neutrophil chemotaxis, have been implicated as fluid shear stress sensors that control neutrophil activation. Recently, exposure to physiological fluid shear stresses observed in the microvasculature was shown to reduce neutrophil activation in the presence of the chemoattractant formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Here, however, human neutrophil preexposure to uniform shear stress (0.1-2.75 dyn/cm(2)) in a cone-and-plate viscometer for 1-120 min was shown to increase, rather than decrease, neutrophil activation in the presence of platelet activating factor (PAF). Fluid shear stress exposure increased PAF-induced neutrophil activation in terms of L-selectin shedding, αMβ2 integrin activation, and morphological changes. Neutrophil activation via PAF was found to correlate with fluid shear stress exposure, as neutrophil activation increased in a shear stress magnitude- and time-dependent manner. These results indicate that fluid shear stress exposure increases neutrophil activation by PAF, and, taken together with previous observations, differentially controls how neutrophils respond to chemoattractants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Kimberly S Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Michael R King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
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Leoni G, Gripentrog J, Lord C, Riesselman M, Sumagin R, Parkos CA, Nusrat A, Jesaitis AJ. Human neutrophil formyl peptide receptor phosphorylation and the mucosal inflammatory response. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 97:87-101. [PMID: 25395303 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a0314-153r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial/mitochondrial fMLF analogs bind FPR1, driving accumulation/activation of PMN at sites of infection/injury, while promoting wound healing in epithelia. We quantified levels of UFPR1 and TFPR1 in isolated PMN by use of phosphosensitive NFPRb and phosphorylation-independent NFPRa antibodies. UFPR1 and total TFPR were assessed inflamed mucosa, observed in human IBD. In isolated PMN after fMLF stimulation, UFPR1 declined 70% ((fMLF)EC50 = 11 ± 1 nM; t1/2 = 15 s) and was stable for up to 4 h, whereas TFPR1 changed only slightly. Antagonists (tBoc-FLFLF, CsH) and metabolic inhibitor NaF prevented the fMLF-dependent UFPR1 decrease. Annexin A1 fragment Ac2-26 also induced decreases in UFPR1 ((Ac2-26)EC50 ∼ 3 µM). Proinflammatory agents (TNF-α, LPS), phosphatase inhibitor (okadaic acid), and G-protein activator (MST) modestly increased (fMLF)EC50, 2- to 4-fold, whereas PTX, Ca(2+) chelators (EGTA/BAPTA), H2O2, GM-CSF, ENA-78, IL-1RA, and LXA4 had no effect. Aggregation-inducing PAF, however, strongly inhibited fMLF-stimulated UFPR1 decreases. fMLF-driven PMN also demonstrated decreased UFPR1 after traversing monolayers of cultured intestinal epithelial cells, as did PMN in intestinal mucosal samples, demonstrating active inflammation from UC patients. Total TFPR remained high in PMN within inflamed crypts, migrating through crypt epithelium, and in the lamina propria-adjoining crypts, but UFPR1 was only observed at some peripheral sites on crypt aggregates. Loss of UFPR1 in PMN results from C-terminal S/T phosphorylation. Our results suggest G protein-insensitive, fMLF-dependent FPR1 phosphorylation in isolated suspension PMN, which may manifest in fMLF-driven transmigration and potentially, in actively inflamed tissues, except at minor discrete surface locations of PMN-containing crypt aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Leoni
- *Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Jeannie Gripentrog
- *Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Connie Lord
- *Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Marcia Riesselman
- *Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Ronen Sumagin
- *Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Charles A Parkos
- *Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- *Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Algirdas J Jesaitis
- *Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
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Fiore VF, Ju L, Chen Y, Zhu C, Barker TH. Dynamic catch of a Thy-1–α5β1+syndecan-4 trimolecular complex. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4886. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Rakshit S, Sivasankar S. Biomechanics of cell adhesion: how force regulates the lifetime of adhesive bonds at the single molecule level. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:2211-23. [PMID: 24419646 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53963f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion proteins play critical roles in positioning cells during development, segregating cells into distinct tissue compartments and in maintaining tissue integrity. The principle function of these proteins is to bind cells together and resist mechanical force. Adhesive proteins also enable migrating cells to adhere and roll on surfaces even in the presence of shear forces exerted by fluid flow. Recently, several experimental and theoretical studies have provided quantitative insights into the physical mechanisms by which adhesion proteins modulate their unbinding kinetics in response to tensile force. This perspective reviews these biophysical investigations. We focus on single molecule studies of cadherins, selectins, integrins, the von Willebrand factor and FimH adhesion proteins; the effect of mechanical force on the lifetime of these interactions has been extensively characterized. We review both theoretical models and experimental investigations and discuss future directions in this exciting area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Rakshit
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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