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Nobre ICDS, Coelho RR, de Souza FMC, Reis MA, Torres JB, Antonino JD. Insights from different reproductive gene knockdowns via RNA interference in the lady beetle Eriopis connexa: Establishing a new model for molecular studies on natural enemies. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 116:e22125. [PMID: 38973236 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Insect pest control can be achieved by the application of RNA interference (RNAi), a key molecular tool in functional genomics. Whereas most RNAi research has focused on insect pests, few studies have been performed on natural enemies. Validating the efficacy of RNAi in natural enemies is crucial for assessing its safety and enabling molecular research on these organisms. Here, we assessed the efficacy of RNAi in the ladybird beetle Eriopis connexa Germar (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), focusing on genes related to reproduction, such as vitellogenin (Vg) and its receptor (VgR). In the transcriptome of E. connexa, we found one VgR (EcVgR) and two Vg genes (EcVg1 and EcVg2). These genes have been validated by in silico analyses of functional domains and evolutionary relationships. Five-day-old females were injected with 500 ng/µL of a specific double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) (dsEcVg1, dsEcVg2, or dsEcVgR) for RNAi tests, while nonspecific dsRNA (dsGFP or dsAgCE8.1) was used as a control. Interestingly, dsEcVg2 was able to knockdown both Vg genes, while dsEcVg1 could silence only EcVg1. Additionally, the viability of the eggs was significantly reduced when both Vg genes were knocked down at the same time (after treatment with dsEcVg2 or "dsEcVg1+dsEcVg2"). Ultimately, malformed, nonviable eggs were produced when EcVgR was silenced. Interestingly, no dsRNA treatment had an impact on the quantity of eggs laid. Therefore, the feasibility of RNAi in E. connexa has been confirmed, suggesting that this coccinellid is an excellent Neotropical model for molecular research on natural enemies and for studying RNAi nontarget effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Ramos Coelho
- Departamento de Agronomia-Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Manoely Abreu Reis
- Departamento de Agronomia-Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Jorge Braz Torres
- Departamento de Agronomia-Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - José Dijair Antonino
- Departamento de Agronomia-Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Ali S, Zhang X, Gao T, Hamid Bashir M, Wang X. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals disruption of Plutella xylostella immune system by fungal peptide cyclosporin C. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 206:108156. [PMID: 38901686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), a major threat to crucifers across the globe, has developed resistance against the majority of insecticides enhancing the need for alternate control measures against this pest. Recently cyclosporin C, a secondary metabolite produced by the insect pathogenic fungus Purpeocillium lilacinum, has been reported to induce lethal and sub-lethal effects against P. xylostella. To date, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of interaction between cyclosporin C and P. xylostella immune systems. This study reports the transcriptome-based immune response of P. xylostella to cyclosprin C treatment. Our results showed differential expression of 322, 97, and 504 differentially expressed genes (DEGS) in P. xylostella treated with cyclosporin C compared to control 24, 48, and 72 h post-treatment, respectively. Thirteen DEGs were commonly expressed at different time intervals in P. xylostella larvae treated with cyclosporin C compared to control. Cyclosporin C treatment induced the down-regulated expression of majority of immune-related genes related to pattern recognition responses, signal modulation, Toll and IMD pathways, antimicrobial peptides and antioxidant responses confirming the ability to suppress immune response of P. xylostella. These results will further improve our knowledge of the infection mechanism and complex biochemical processes involved in interaction between cyclosporin C and insect immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaukat Ali
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Tianxiang Gao
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | | | - Xingmin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Zhou M, Liu Y, Wang Y, Chang Y, Wu Q, Gong W, Du Y. Effect of High Temperature on Abamectin and Thiamethoxam Tolerance in Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). INSECTS 2024; 15:399. [PMID: 38921114 PMCID: PMC11203426 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is one of the most important invasive species in China, with strong insecticide resistance and thermotolerance. In this study, we investigated the effects of elevated temperature on the tolerance of B. tabaci MEMA1 to abamectin (AB) and thianethixam (TH) insecticides. We firstly cloned two new CYP450 genes from B. tabaci MEAM1, including one CYP6 family gene (BtCYP6k1) and one CYP305 family gene (BtCYP305a1). The expression patterns of the two BtCYP450 genes were compared in response to high-temperature stress and insecticide exposure, and RNAi was then used to demonstrate the role that these two genes play in insecticide tolerance. The results showed that expression of the two BtCYP450 genes could be induced by exposure to elevated temperature or insecticide, but this gene expression could be inhibited to a certain extent when insects were exposed to the combined effects of high temperature and insecticide treatment. For AB treatment, the expression of the two BtCYP450 genes reached the lowest level when insects were exposed to a temperature of 41 °C and treated with AB (combined effects of temperature and insecticide). In contrast, TH treatment showed a general decrease in the expression of the two BtCYP450 genes with exposure to elevated temperatures. These findings suggest that insecticide tolerance in B. tabaci MEAM1 could be mediated by high temperatures. This study provides a prospective method for the more effective application of insecticides for the control of B. tabaci in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Institute of Applied Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuncai Liu
- Institute of Applied Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Institute of Applied Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yawen Chang
- Institute of Applied Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Weirong Gong
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210036, China;
| | - Yuzhou Du
- Institute of Applied Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Jiang S, Bao J, Chen Y, Liu Z, Liu R, Cheng Y, Zhang L, Jiang X, Kong H. Immunological regulation by Toll-1 and Spätzle-4 in larval density-dependent prophylaxis of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130778. [PMID: 38467221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
High population density has been shown to alter insect prophylactic immunity. Toll-Spätzle pathway performs a key function in insect innate immune response. To determine the role of Toll and Spätzle, two main components of Toll-Spätzle pathway, in the density-dependent prophylaxis of Mythimna separata. We identified full-length cDNA encoding the Toll-1 and Spätzle-4 genes in M. separata (designed MsToll-1 and Ms Spätzle-4). Both MsToll-1 and MsSpätzle-4 were expressed throughout all developmental stages. MsToll-1 expression was highly in fat body and brain and MsSpätzle-4 was highly expressed in brain and Malpighian tubule. With increased larval density, MsToll-1 expression was markedly up-regulated. MsSpätzle-4 expression was found to be raised in larvae that were fed in high density (5 and 10 larvae per jar). Co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that MsToll-1 interacted with MsSpätzle-4. Immune-related genes transcriptions were considerably reduced in high-density larvae MsToll-1 (or MsSpätzle-4) was silenced by dsRNA injection. Meanwhile, a discernible reduction in the survival rate of the larvae exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis infection with silence of MsToll-1 (or MsSpätzle-4) was observed. This study implies that prophylactic immunity was influenced by crowded larvae via modulating the Toll-Spätzle pathway in M. separata and allow for a new understanding of into density-dependent prophylaxis in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwan Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road, NO. 48, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jianqiang Bao
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road, NO. 48, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road, NO. 48, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Zhonglin Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road, NO. 48, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road, NO. 48, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yunxia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO. 2 of West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO. 2 of West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xingfu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, NO. 2 of West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Hailong Kong
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Wenhui East Road, NO. 48, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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Yu H, Wang L, Liu S, Chen X, Wei X, Niu C, Volodymyr V, Song Q, Zhang H. Functional analysis of a NPC1 gene from the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 114:e22048. [PMID: 37602789 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick C (NPC) disease is a neurodegenerative disorder related to cellular sterol trafficking and mutation of NPC1 gene is the main cause for this disease. The function of NPC1 have been reported in a few insects but rarely studied in hemipterans. In the present study, we investigate the function of NPC1 in a hemipteran pest, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. It was found that B. tabaci had only one NPC1 homolog (BtNPC1), in contrast to two homologs in many other insects. BtNPC1 was ubiquitously expressed at all developmental stages and body parts of whiteflies, with the highest level in adult abdomen, and the expression of BtNPC1 was induced by cholesterol feeding. To further investigate the function of BtNPC1, leaf-mediated RNA interference experiments were carried out. Results showed that knockdown of BtNPC1 led to reduced survival of whiteflies, as well as reduced fecundity. Moreover, knockdown of BtNPC1 affected the development and metamorphosis of whitefly nymphs. Taken these together, we conclude that BtNPC1 played a crucial role in sterol-related biological processes of B. tabaci and might be used as an insecticide target for development of novel pest management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Liuhao Wang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Shunxiao Liu
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
- College of Agrarian Technology and Natural Resources, Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Chenxi Niu
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Vlasenko Volodymyr
- College of Agrarian Technology and Natural Resources, Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
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Terrill Sondag EE, Stewart Merrill TE, Drnevich J, Holmes JR, Fischer EK, Cáceres CE, Strickland LR. Differential gene expression in response to fungal pathogen exposure in the aquatic invertebrate, Daphnia dentifera. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10354. [PMID: 37529587 PMCID: PMC10375369 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
While vertebrate immune systems are appreciated for their complexity and adaptability, invertebrate immunity is often considered to be less complex. However, immune responses in many invertebrates likely involve sophisticated processes. Interactions between the crustacean host Daphnia dentifera and its fungal pathogen Metschnikowia bicuspidata provide an excellent model for exploring the mechanisms underlying crustacean immunity. To explore the genomic basis of immunity in Daphnia, we used RNA-sequencing technology to quantify differential gene expression between individuals of a single host genotype exposed or unexposed to M. bicuspidata over 24 h. Transcriptomic analyses showed that the number of differentially expressed genes between the control (unexposed) and experimental (exposed) groups increased over time. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were enriched for immune-related molecules and processes, such as cuticle development, prostaglandin, and defense response processes. Our findings provide a suite of immunologically relevant genes and suggest the presence of a rapidly upregulated immune response involving the cuticle in Daphnia. Studies involving gene expression responses to pathogen exposure shine a light on the processes occurring during the course of infection. By leveraging knowledge on the genetic basis for immunity, immune mechanisms can be more thoroughly understood to refine our understanding of disease spread within invertebrate populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Terrill Sondag
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Tara E. Stewart Merrill
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Coastal and Marine LaboratoryFlorida State UniversitySt. TeresaFloridaUSA
| | - Jenny Drnevich
- High Performance Computing in BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Jessica R. Holmes
- High Performance Computing in BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Eva K. Fischer
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Carla E. Cáceres
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
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Knockdown of heat shock transcription factor 1 decreases temperature stress tolerance in Bemisia tabaci MED. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16059. [PMID: 36163391 PMCID: PMC9512819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary function of heat shock transcription factor (HSF) in the heat shock response is to activate the transcription of genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs). The phloem-feeding insect Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is an important pest of cotton, vegetables and ornamentals that transmits several plant viruses and causes enormous agricultural losses. In this study, the gene encoding HSF (Bthsf1) was characterized in MED B. tabaci. The full-length cDNA encoded a protein of 652 amino acids with an isoelectric point of 5.55. The BtHSF1 deduced amino acid sequence showed strong similarity to HSF in other insects. Expression analyses using quantitative real-time PCR indicated that Bthsf1 was significantly up-regulated in B. tabaci adults and pupae during thermal stress. Although Bthsf1 was induced by both hot and cold stress, the amplitude of expression was greater in the former. Bthsf1 had distinct, significant differences in expression pattern during different duration of high but not low temperature stress. Oral ingestion of dsBthsf1 repressed the expression of Bthsf1 and four heat shock proteins (Bthsp90, Bthsp70-3, Bthsp20 and Bthsp19.5) in MED B. tabaci during hot and cold stress. In conclusion, our results show that Bthsf1 is differentially expressed during high and low temperature stress and regulates the transcription of multiple hsps in MED B. tabaci.
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Rashidi M, Killiny N. In Silico Characterization and Gene Expression Analysis of Toll Signaling Pathway-Related Genes in Diaphorina citri. INSECTS 2022; 13:783. [PMID: 36135484 PMCID: PMC9500897 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri is the main vector of citrus greening disease, also known as Huanglongbing (HLB). Currently, mitigating HLB depends on the control of D. citri using insecticides. To design innovative control strategies, we should investigate various biological aspects of D. citri at the molecular level. Herein we explored the Toll signaling system-related proteins in D. citri using in silico analyzes. Additionally, the transcripts of the identified genes were determined in all life stages from eggs to adults. Our findings reveal that D. citri genome possesses Toll signaling pathway-related genes similar to the insect model, Drosophila melanogaster, with slight differences. These genes include cact, TI, Myd88, Dif/DI, pll, tub, and spz encoding Cactus, Toll, Myeloid differentiation factor 88, Dorsal related immunity factor/Dorsal, Pelle, Tube, and Spaetzle, respectively. Unlike D. melanogaster, in D. citri Dorsal, immunity factor and Dorsal are the same protein. In addition, in D. citri, Pelle protein possesses a kinase domain, which is absent in Pelle of D. melanogaster. Gene expression analysis showed the transcript for cact, TI, Myd88, pll, tub, and spz are maximum in adults, suggesting the immunity increases with maturity. Instead, Dif/DI transcripts were maximal in eggs and adults and minimal in nymphal stages, indicating its role in embryonic development. The overall findings will help in designing pioneering control strategies of D. citri based on repressing its immunity by RNAi or CRISPR and combining that with biological control.
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Feng K, Li W, Tang X, Luo J, Tang F. Termicin silencing enhances the toxicity of Serratia marcescens Bizio (SM1) to Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 185:105120. [PMID: 35772836 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Termites are often exposed to a variety of pathogens during their life cycle, which has led to the development of an innate immune system to resist these pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a crucial role in the innate immune system in insects. However, clear information on AMPs in termites has not been obtained. Therefore, exploring the function of AMPs in the subterranean termite Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki) can lead to the development of novel termite control strategies that integrate RNA interference (RNAi) and pathogens. Here we first obtained two Oftermicins from O. formosanus and observed that the expression of these Oftermicin genes was significantly upregulated at the mRNA level after treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Serratia marcescens Bizio (SM1). Interestingly, the expression of these Oftermicins increased not only in the donor termites but also in the recipient termites through transmission experiments. Bioassay experiments showed that the mortality of O. formosanus treated with SM1 after RNAi was significantly higher than that of other groups. In summary, dsOftermicins are important immunosuppressants for termite control and Oftermicins are optimal targets for termite control based on the combined use of RNAi and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 266, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Tang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Luo
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Tang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
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Han P, Gong Q, Fan J, Abbas M, Chen D, Zhang J. Destruxin A inhibits scavenger receptor B mediated melanization in Aphis citricola. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1915-1924. [PMID: 35080798 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Destruxin A (DA) is a mycotoxin secreted by entomogenous fungi, such as Metarhizium anisopliae, which has broad-spectrum insecticidal activity. Insect innate immunity provides resistance against the invasion of entomopathogenic fungi. Previous studies have shown that DA could inhibit the immune response, however, the suppressive mechanism of DA on prophenoloxidase system is still unknown. RESULTS Based on the transcriptome of Aphis citricola, we screened the scavenger receptor class B(AcSR-B)and identified that it significantly responds to DA. Spatio-temporal expression analysis showed that AcSR-B is highly expressed in adult stage and is mainly distributed in the abdominal region. We further revealed that both M. anisopliae and Escherichia coli could suppress the expression of AcSR-B at 24 h, and that the expressed recombinant protein rAcSR-B possessed agglutination activity to M. anisopliae and E. coli. DA could suppress the protein expression of AcSR-B. In addition, RNA interference of AcSR-B caused death of A. citricola in a dose-dependent manner, and RNA interference of AcSR-B increased mortality in A. citricola under the same lethal concentration of DA. The inhibiting effect of AcSR-B silencing was similar with the DA treatment upon phenol oxidase (PO) activity of A. citricola hemolymph. DA could not decrease PO activity further after AcSR-B silencing. CONCLUSION Destruxin A inhibits melanization by suppressing AcSR-B in A. citricola. Our findings are helpful in understanding the underlying molecular mechanism of the DA suppressing immune system, and uncover a potential molecular target for double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Han
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qitian Gong
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiqiao Fan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mureed Abbas
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, China
| | - Duo Chen
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, China
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Bai J, Wang YC, Liu YC, Chang YW, Liu XN, Gong WR, Du YZ. Isolation of two new genes encoding heat shock protein 70 in Bemisia tabaci and analysis during thermal stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:933-940. [PMID: 34728307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The heat shock protein 70 family (HSP70) is among the most varied HSP family with respect to structure and function. The phloem-feeding insect Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is an important pest of cotton, vegetables and ornamentals that transmits several plant viruses and causes enormous agricultural losses. In this study, two new HSP70 genes (Bthsp70-2 and Bthsp70-3) were isolated from the MED cryptic species B. tabaci, an important phloem-feeding pest of vegetables and ornamentals. Bthsp70-2 and Bthsp70-3 encoded proteins comprised of 652 and 676 amino acids, and the deduced proteins were closely related to other HSP70s in Hemiptera. Expression analyses using real-time quantitative PCR indicated that Bthsp70-2 and Bthsp70-3 were induced in B. tabaci pupae and adults during high and low thermal stress. Bthsp70-2 and Bthsp70-3 exhibited similar, but not identical, expression patterns when exposed to different durations of high temperature stress. Oral ingestion of dsBthsp70 reduced the expression level of Bthsp70-2 and Bthsp70-3 in B. tabaci and increased the mortality of B. tabaci during heat shock. In conclusion, Bthsp70-2 and Bthsp70-3 exhibit different expression patterns during thermal stress, thus expanding the roles of HSPs in B. tabaci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yun-Cai Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ya-Wen Chang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiao-Na Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wei-Rong Gong
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 21003, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Suhag A, Yadav H, Chaudhary D, Subramanian S, Jaiwal R, Jaiwal PK. Biotechnological interventions for the sustainable management of a global pest, whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1228-1252. [PMID: 32696581 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) are polyphagous invasive hemipteran insects that cause serious losses of important crops by directly feeding on phloem sap and transmitting pathogenic viruses. These insects have emerged as a major threat to global agriculture and food security. Chemically synthesized insecticides are currently the only option to control whiteflies, but the ability of whiteflies to evolve resistance against insecticides has made the management of these insects very difficult. Natural host-plant resistance against whiteflies identified in some crop plants has not been exploited to a great extent. Genetic engineering approaches, such as transgenics and RNA interference (RNAi), are potentially useful for the control of whiteflies. Transgenic plants harboring insecticidal toxins/lectins developed via nuclear or chloroplast transformation are a promising vehicle for whitefly control. Double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) of several insect genes, delivered either through microinjection into the insect body cavity or orally via an artificial diet and transiently or stably expressed in transgenic plants, have controlled whiteflies in model plants and in some crops at the laboratory level, but not at the field level. In this review, we highlight the merits and demerits of each delivery method along with strategies for sustained delivery of dsRNAs via fungal entomopathogen/endosymbiont or nontransgenic RNAi approaches, foliar sprays, root absorption or nanocarriers as well as the factors affecting efficient RNAi and their biosafety issues. Genome sequencing and transcriptome studies of whitefly species are facilitating the selection of appropriate genes for RNAi and gene-editing technology for the efficient and resilient management of whiteflies and their transmitted viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archna Suhag
- Department of Zoology, M.D. University, Rohtak, India
| | - Honey Yadav
- Centre for Biotechnology, M.D. University, Rohtak, India
| | | | - S Subramanian
- Division of Entomology, Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Pawan K Jaiwal
- Centre for Biotechnology, M.D. University, Rohtak, India
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Saurabh S, Mishra M, Rai P, Pandey R, Singh J, Khare A, Jain M, Singh PK. Tiny Flies: A Mighty Pest That Threatens Agricultural Productivity-A Case for Next-Generation Control Strategies of Whiteflies. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12070585. [PMID: 34203297 PMCID: PMC8307429 DOI: 10.3390/insects12070585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite being a pest of global importance, effective management of whiteflies by the implication of environmentally friendly approaches is still a far-reaching task. In this review, we have tried to bring the readers’ attention to next-generation control strategies such as RNA interference and genetic modifications of plants for the expression of anti-whitefly proteins. These strategies offer huge promise to provide an effective and sustainable solution to the problem of whiteflies, either in isolation or in combination with other widely used practices under the regimes of integrated pest management. Focus has also been given to advanced technologies such as nanotechnology and genome editing, with promising prospects for field applications. The importance, applicability, and demand of these technologies for the control of whiteflies have been highlighted. We have also attempted to present the holistic picture of challenges in the path of commercial application of these promising technologies. To underline the pest status of whiteflies concisely, we have enlisted all economically important species of the pest along with their host plants/crops across the world. A comprehensive list of various insecticides of chemical, microbial, and botanical origin, applied in the field for the control of sweetpotato whitefly along with their resistance status, ecotoxicities, and effects on biological control agents, has been provided for readers. Abstract Whiteflies are a group of universally occurring insects that are considered to be a serious pest in their own way for causing both direct and indirect damages to crops. A few of them serve as vectors of plant viruses that are detrimental to the crop in question and cause an actual loss in productivity. A lot of attention is focused on pest control measures under the umbrella of IPM. In this review, we attempt to summarize the existing literature on how and why whiteflies are a serious concern for agriculture and society. We reviewed why there could be a need for fresh insight into the ways and means with which the pest can be combated. Here, we have emphasized next-generation strategies based on macromolecules, i.e., RNA interference and genetic engineering (for the expression of anti-whitefly proteins), as these strategies possess the greatest scope for research and improvement in the future. Recent scientific efforts based on nanotechnology and genome editing, which seem to offer great potential for whitefly/crop pest control, have been discussed. Comprehensive apprehensions related to obstacles in the path of taking lab-ready technologies into the farmers’ field have also been highlighted. Although the use of RNAi, GM crops, nanotechnologies, for the control of whiteflies needs to be evaluated in the field, there is an emerging range of possible applications with promising prospects for the control of these tiny flies that are mighty pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Saurabh
- Insect Defense Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, 435, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.S.); (P.R.); (J.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Manisha Mishra
- Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (M.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Preeti Rai
- Insect Defense Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, 435, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.S.); (P.R.); (J.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Rashmi Pandey
- Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (M.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Insect Defense Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, 435, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.S.); (P.R.); (J.S.); (A.K.)
- CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akansha Khare
- Insect Defense Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, 435, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.S.); (P.R.); (J.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Meeta Jain
- School of Biochemistry, Khandwa Rd., D.A.V.V., Bhawarkuwa, DAVV Takshila Parisar, Indore 452001, Madhya Pradesh, India;
| | - Pradhyumna Kumar Singh
- Insect Defense Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, 435, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.S.); (P.R.); (J.S.); (A.K.)
- CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-7080844111
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Li F, Li M, Wang H, Mao T, Chen J, Lu Z, Qu J, Fang Y, Li B. Effects of phoxim pesticide on the immune system of silkworm midgut. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 164:58-64. [PMID: 32284137 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an important economic insect. Bombyx mori, which is exposed to sublethal doses of pesticides, has a low or no mortality rate, while it is susceptible to infections triggered by foreign pathogens. The immune regulatory mechanism of silkworms caused by trace pesticides still remains unclear. The midgut is the major organ of silkworm for digestion and nutrient absorption, and it plays a critical defensive role against pathogens. In the present study, the silkworm was susceptible to Enterobacter cloacae sp. (E. cloacae) after exposure to sublethal dose of phoxim. The body weight and survival rate of the phoxim-E. cloacae co-treatment group were significantly decreased after 120 h of treatment compared with the phoxim treatment group. The immune responses and expressions of immune-related genes were dysregulated in the midgut of silkworm following exposure to phoxim. Digital gene expression (DGE) analysis revealed that 44 immune response-related and immune defense-related genes were differentially expressed. qRT-PCR results indicated that the transcriptional levels of antimicrobial peptide genes Bmdefensin1, BmcecA, Bmglv1, Bmglv2, Bmmoricin and BmmoricinB3 were down-regulated by 0.77-, 0.37-, 0.05-, 0.19-, 0.34- and 0.54-fold, respectively. The transcriptional levels of Toll signaling pathway genes Bmcactus, Bmspatzle and Bmrel were down-regulated by 0.4-, 0.37- and 0.96-fold, respectively. Peritrophic membrane (PM) protein-related genes BmCBP-02, BmPM-41, BmPM-43 and BmCDA7 were down-regulated by 0.18-, 0.02-, 0.66- and 0.16-fold, respectively. The expressions of Toll signaling pathway genes were down-regulated at 48 h and 72 h. Immune deficiency (IMD) and Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway genes were dysregulated after phoxim exposure. These results indicated that phoxim might cause damage to the PM and reduce the immune response of the silkworm, leading to susceptibility of silkworm to disease and damage from foreign pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Mengxue Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Tingting Mao
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Zhengting Lu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Jianwei Qu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Yilong Fang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
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15
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Shang F, Ding BY, Ye C, Yang L, Chang TY, Xie J, Tang LD, Niu J, Wang JJ. Evaluation of a cuticle protein gene as a potential RNAi target in aphids. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:134-140. [PMID: 31461217 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA interference (RNAi) has potential as a pest insect control technique. One possible RNAi target is the cuticle protein, which is important in insect molting and development. As an example, here we evaluate the possibility of designing double-stranded RNA (RNA) that is effective for silencing the cuticle protein 19 gene (CP19) in aphids but is harmless to non-target predator insects. RESULTS The sequences of CP19s were similar (86.6-94.4%) among the tested aphid species (Aphis citricidus, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and Myzus persicae) but different in the predator Propylaea japonica. Ingestion of species-specific dsRNAs of CP19 by the three aphids produced 39.3-64.2% gene silencing and 45.8-55.8% mortality. Ingestion of non-species-specific dsRNA (dsAcCP19) by Ac. pisum and M. persicae gave gene silencing levels ranging from 40.4% to 50.3% and 43.3-50.8% mortality. The dsApCP19 did not affect PjCP19 expression or developmental duration in P. japonica. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that CP19 is a promising RNAi target for aphid control via one dsRNA design. The targeting of genes that are conserved in insect pests but not present in beneficial insects is a useful RNAi-based pest control strategy. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bi-Yue Ding
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng-Yu Chang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaqin Xie
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang-De Tang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Jinzhi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Shah R, Al-Sadi AM, Nasser Al-Sabahi J, Al-Raeesi AA, Khamis Said Al-Rawahi K, Saud Al-Rashdi A, Fadhil Madad Al-Hinai S, Velazhahan R. Efficacy of an Omani strain of Cordyceps javanica and its culture filtrate against whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci) under laboratory conditions. ALL LIFE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2020.1835742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Riaz Shah
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Jamal Nasser Al-Sabahi
- Central Instrument Laboratory, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ali Ahmed Al-Raeesi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Khalid Khamis Said Al-Rawahi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahad Saud Al-Rashdi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sahar Fadhil Madad Al-Hinai
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rethinasamy Velazhahan
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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Grover S, Jindal V, Banta G, Taning CNT, Smagghe G, Christiaens O. Potential of RNA interference in the study and management of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 100:e21522. [PMID: 30484903 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Whiteflies cause considerable losses to crops, directly by feeding, and indirectly by transmission of viruses. The current control methods consist of a combination of different control tactics, mainly still relying on unsafe and non-ecofriendly chemical control. RNA interference (RNAi) is a post-transcriptional gene-silencing strategy in which double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), corresponding specifically to a target gene, is introduced in a target organism. Research on RNAi in the previous decade has shown its success as a potential insect control strategy, which can be highly species-specific and environment friendly. In whiteflies, the success of dsRNA delivery through the oral route opened possibilities for its management through plant-mediated RNAi. To date, several genes have been targeted in whiteflies through RNAi and these assays demonstrated its potential to manage whiteflies at lab level. However, further research and investments are needed to move toward an application at field level. In this review, for the first time, we collected the literature on genes targeted for silencing via RNAi in whiteflies and discuss the potential of RNAi in whitefly pest control. We also discuss likely delivery methods, including transgenic in planta delivery and symbiont-mediated delivery, and its potential for studying and interfering with insecticide resistance mechanisms and virus transmission by whiteflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjan Grover
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Vikas Jindal
- Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Geetika Banta
- Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Clauvis Nji Tizi Taning
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Christiaens
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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BmTudor-sn Is a Binding Protein of Destruxin A in Silkworm Bm12 Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11020067. [PMID: 30682818 PMCID: PMC6409614 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Destruxin A (DA), a hexa-cyclodepsipeptidic mycotoxin secreted by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, was reported to have an insecticidal effect and anti-immunity activity. However, its molecular mechanism of action remains unclear. Previously, we isolated several potential DA-affinity (binding) proteins in the Bombyx mori Bm12 cell line. By docking score using MOE2015, we selected three proteins—BmTudor-sn, BmPiwi, and BmAGO2—for further validation. First, using Bio-Layer Interferometry in vitro, we found that BmTudor-sn had an affinity interaction with DA at 125, 250, and 500 µM, while BmPiwi and BmAGO2 had no interaction signal with DA. Second, we employed standard immunoblotting to verify that BmTudor-sn is susceptible to DA, but BmPiwi and BmAGO2 are not. Third, to verify these findings in vivo, we used a target engagement strategy based on shifts in protein thermal stability following ligand binding termed the cellular thermal shift assay and found no thermal stability shift in BmPiwi and BmAGO2, whereas a shift was found for BmTudor-sn. In addition, in BmTudor-sn knockdown Bm12 cells, we observed that cell viability increased under DA treatment. Furthermore, insect two-hybrid system results indicated that the key site involved in DA binding to BmTudor-sn was Leu704. In conclusion, in vivo and in vitro experimental evidence indicated that BmTudor-sn is a binding protein of DA in silkworm Bm12 cells at the 100 µM level, and the key site of this interaction is Leu704. Our results provide new perspectives to aid in elucidating the molecular mechanism of action of DA in insects and developing new biopesticide.
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19
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The origins of global invasions of the German wasp (Vespula germanica) and its infection with four honey bee viruses. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hasegawa DK, Chen W, Zheng Y, Kaur N, Wintermantel WM, Simmons AM, Fei Z, Ling KS. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals networks of genes activated in the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci when fed on tomato plants infected with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Virology 2017; 513:52-64. [PMID: 29035786 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci can transmit hundreds of viruses to numerous agricultural crops in the world. Five genera of viruses, including Begomovirus and Crinivirus, are transmitted by B. tabaci. There is little knowledge about the genes involved in virus acquisition and transmission by whiteflies. Using a comparative transcriptomics approach, we evaluated the gene expression profiles of whiteflies (B. tabaci MEAM1) after feeding on tomato infected by a begomovirus, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), in comparison to a recent study, in which whiteflies were fed on tomato infected by the crinivirus, Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV). The data revealed similar temporal trends in gene expression, but large differences in the number of whitefly genes when fed on TYLCV or ToCV-infected tomato. Transcription factors, cathepsins, receptors, and a hemocyanin gene, which is implicated in mediating antiviral immune responses in other insects and possibly virus transmission, were some of the genes identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Hasegawa
- USDA-ARS, US Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, USA.
| | - Wenbo Chen
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, USA.
| | - Yi Zheng
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, USA.
| | - Navneet Kaur
- USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Protection Research, Salinas, California, USA.
| | | | - Alvin M Simmons
- USDA-ARS, US Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, USA; USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, New York, USA.
| | - Kai-Shu Ling
- USDA-ARS, US Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
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