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Liu M, Xiang F, Pan J, Xue Y, Sun M, Zhao K, Zhang W, Lei B, Gao P, Li L, Yuan W. Host-derived lactic acid bacteria alleviate short beak and dwarf syndrome by preventing bone loss, intestinal barrier disruption, and inflammation. Vet Microbiol 2024; 296:110187. [PMID: 39053390 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Short-beak and dwarf syndrome (SBDS) is caused by novel goose parvovirus (NGPV) infection, which leads to farm economic losses. Our research aimed to investigate the potential of administering isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in alleviating SBDS in ducks. Eight wild LAB strains were isolated from duck feces and their biosecurity was investigated in both duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) and live ducks. Moreover, the LAB strains exhibited no detrimental effects on bone metabolism levels and facilitated the tight junction proteins (TJPs) mRNA expression, and contributing to the mitigation of inflammation in healthy ducks. Subsequently, we conducted in vitrol and in vivo experiments to assess the impact of LAB on NGPV infection. The LAB strains significantly reduced the viral load of NGPV and downregulated the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factors in DEF. Additionally, LAB treatment alleviated SBDS in NGPV-infected ducks. Furthermore, LAB treatment alleviated intestinal damage, and reduced the inflammatory response, while also mitigating bone resorption in NGPV-infected ducks. In conclusion, the LAB strains isolated from duck feces have favorable biosecurity and alleviate SBDS in ducks, and the mechanism related to LAB improves intestinal barrier integrity, alleviates inflammation, and reduces bone resorption. Our study presents a novel concept for the prevention and treatment of NGPV, thereby establishing a theoretical foundation for the future development of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of NGPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Fengjun Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Jialu Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Yongzhi Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Maoyuan Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Kuan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Wuchao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Baishi Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Peipei Gao
- Guye Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Tangshan, China
| | - Limin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, Baoding, China.
| | - Wanzhe Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, Baoding, China.
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Moreno-Muñoz JA, Ojeda JD, López JJ. A Probiotic Bacterium with Activity against the Most Frequent Bacteria and Viruses Causing Pediatric Diarrhea: Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 ( B. infantis IM1 ®). Microorganisms 2024; 12:1183. [PMID: 38930565 PMCID: PMC11206103 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The second leading cause of death in children under five years old is diarrheal disease. Probiotics, specifically bifidobacteria, have been associated with a reduction in the number of diarrhea episodes and their severity in babies. In this paper, we summarize the preclinical and clinical evidence of the efficacy of B. longum subsp. infantis IM1® against various gastrointestinal pathogens using in vitro models, animal models, and clinical studies carried out in our laboratory. The preclinical data demonstrate that IM1® effectively inhibits rotavirus replication (by up to 36.05%) in MA-104 and HT-29 cells and from infection (up to 48.50%) through the production of an 11-amino-acid peptide. IM1® displays the capability to displace pathogens from enterocytes, particularly Cronobacter sakazakii and Salmonella enterica, and to reduce the adhesion to the HT29 cells of C. sakazakii and Shigella sonnei. In animal models, the IM1® strain exhibits in vivo protection against rotavirus and improves the clinical symptomatology of bacterial gastroenteritis. A clinical study involving infants under 3 months of age revealed that IM1® reduced episodes of diarrhea, proving to be safe, well tolerated, and associated with a lower prevalence of constipation. B. infantis IM1® emerges as an effective probiotic, diminishing episodes of diarrhea caused by gastrointestinal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Moreno-Muñoz
- Laboratorios Ordesa S.L., Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.D.O.); (J.J.L.)
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Schusterova P, Mudronova D, Penazziova KL, Hajduckova V, Csank T. Limosilactobacillus reuteri L26 Biocenol TM and its exopolysaccharide: Their influence on rotavirus-induced immune molecules in enterocyte-like cells. VET MED-CZECH 2024; 69:169-176. [PMID: 38841132 PMCID: PMC11148706 DOI: 10.17221/106/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of the probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri L26 BiocenolTM (L26) and its purified exopolysaccharide (EPS) with respect to antiviral innate immune response. In our experiment, we used porcine epithelial IPEC-J2 cells as a model of the intestinal barrier in a homologous infection by porcine Rotavirus A strain OSU6 (RVA). The production of selected molecules of non-specific humoral immunity was evaluated at the mRNA level. The EPS alone significantly increased the level of interferon λ3 (IFN-λ3) mRNA in the non-infected IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.001). We also tested whether the treatment of IPEC-J2 cells by L26 or EPS influences the replication of RVA by virus titration and real-time PCR. We found that a pre-treatment in combination with subsequent continuous stimulation has no influence on the RVA replication. However, both treatments significantly decreased the RVA-induced production of IFN-λ3 (P < 0.05) and the "SOS" cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6; P < 0.01), already at the transcription level. In addition, the EPS treatment resulted in significantly increased IL-10 mRNA in the RVA-infected cells. In summary, we assume an immunoregulatory potential of L. reuteri L26 BiocenolTM and its EPS in the local intestinal antiviral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Schusterova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Dagmar Mudronova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Loziakova Penazziova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Vanda Hajduckova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomas Csank
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Wang Y, Han J, Ren Q, Liu Z, Zhang X, Wu Z. The Involvement of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Exopolysaccharides in the Biosorption and Detoxication of Heavy Metals in the Gut. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:671-684. [PMID: 37165259 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03693-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has become one of the most important global environmental issues. The human health risk posed by heavy metals encountered through the food chain and occupational and environmental exposure is increasing, resulting in a series of serious diseases. Ingested heavy metals might disturb the function of the gut barrier and cause toxicity to organs or tissues in other sites of the body. Probiotics, including some lactic acid bacteria (LAB), can be used as an alternative strategy to detoxify heavy metals in the host body due to their safety and effectiveness. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by LAB possess varied chemical structures and functional properties and take part in the adsorption of heavy metals via keeping the producing cells vigorous. The main objective of this paper was to summarize the roles of LAB and their EPS in the adsorption and detoxification of heavy metals in the gut. Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that microbial EPS play a pivotal role in heavy metal biosorption. Specifically, EPS-producing LAB have been reported to show superior absorption, tolerance, and efficient abatement of the toxicity of heavy metals in vitro and/or in vivo to non-EPS-producing species. The mechanisms underlying EPS-metal binding are mainly related to the negatively charged acidic groups and unique steric structure on the surface of EPS. However, whether the enriched heavy metals on the bacterial cell surface increase toxicity to local mammal cells or tissues in the intestine and whether they are released during excretion remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200436, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200436, China
| | - Quanlu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200436, China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200436, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhengjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200436, China.
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Luo W, Yin Z, Zhang M, Huang X, Yin J. Dietary Lactobacillus delbrueckii Affects Ileal Bacterial Composition and Circadian Rhythms in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:412. [PMID: 38338054 PMCID: PMC10854795 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacteria, synchronized with diet and feeding time, exhibit circadian rhythms and anticipate host gut function; however the effect of dietary probiotics on gut bacterial diurnal rhythms remains obscure. In this study, bacteria were sequenced at 6 Zeitgeber times (ZT) from a pig model of ileal T-shaped fistula to test ileal bacterial composition and circadian rhythms after Lactobacillus delbrueckii administration. The results showed that dietary L. delbrueckii enhanced ileal bacterial α-diversity at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 16, evidenced by an increased Simpson index compared with control pigs. At the phylum level, Firmicutes was identified as the largest phyla represented in pigs, but dietary L. delbrueckii only increased the abundance of Tenericutes at ZT16. At the genus level, 11/100 genera (i.e., Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Leptotrichia, Pediococcus, Bifidobacte, Cellulosilyticum, Desulfomicrobium, Sharpea, Eubacterium, Propionivibrio, and Aerococcus) were markedly differentiated in L. delbrueckii-fed pigs and the effect was rhythmicity-dependent. Meanwhile, dietary L. delbrueckii affected six pathways of bacterial functions, such as membrane transport, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, cell motility, the endocrine system, signaling molecules and interaction, and the nervous system. Cosinor analysis was conducted to test bacterial circadian rhythm in pigs, while no significant circadian rhythm in bacterial α-diversity and phyla composition was observed. Lactobacillus, Terrisporobacter, and Weissella exhibited significant rhythmic fluctuation in the control pigs, which was disturbed by probiotic exposure. In addition, dietary L. delbrueckii affected circadian rhythms in ileal Romboutsia, Erysipelatoclostridium, Cellulosilyticum, and Eubacterium abundances. Dietary L. delbrueckii affected both ileal bacterial composition and circadian rhythms, which might further regulate gut function and host metabolism in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.L.); (Z.Y.); (M.Z.); (X.H.)
- Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhangzheng Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.L.); (Z.Y.); (M.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.L.); (Z.Y.); (M.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Xingguo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.L.); (Z.Y.); (M.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (W.L.); (Z.Y.); (M.Z.); (X.H.)
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Nakata H, Imamura Y, Saha S, Lobo RE, Kitahara S, Araki S, Tomokiyo M, Namai F, Hiramitsu M, Inoue T, Nishiyama K, Villena J, Kitazawa H. Partial Characterization and Immunomodulatory Effects of Exopolysaccharides from Streptococcus thermophilus SBC8781 during Soy Milk and Cow Milk Fermentation. Foods 2023; 12:2374. [PMID: 37372583 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory properties of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Streptococcus thermophilus have not been explored in depth. In addition, there are no comparative studies of the functional properties of EPSs produced by streptococci in different food matrices. In this work, EPSs from S. thermophilus SBC8781 were isolated after soy milk (EPS-s) or cow milk (EPS-m) fermentation, identified, and characterized in their abilities to modulate immunity in porcine intestinal epithelial cells. Fresh soy milk and cow milk were inoculated with S. thermophilus SBC8781 (7 log CFU/mL) and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. The extraction of EPSs was performed by the ethanol precipitation method. Analytical techniques, including NMR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and chromatography, identified and characterized both biopolymer samples as polysaccharides with high purity levels and similar Mw. EPS-s and EPS-m had heteropolysaccharide structures formed by galactose, glucose, rhamnose, ribose, and mannose, although with different monomer proportions. On the other hand, EPS-s had higher quantities of acidic polymer than EPS-m. The biopolymer production of the SBC8781 strain from the vegetable culture broth was 200-240 mg/L, which was higher than that produced in milk, which reached concentrations of 50-70 mg/L. For immunomodulatory assays, intestinal epithelial cells were stimulated with 100 µg/mL of EPS-s or EPS-m for 48 h and then stimulated with the Toll-like receptor 3 agonist poly(I:C). EPS-s significantly reduced the expression of IL-6, IFN-β, IL-8, and MCP-1 and increased the negative regulator A20 in intestinal epithelial cells. Similarly, EPS-m induced a significant reduction of IL-6 and IL-8 expressions, but its effect was less remarkable than that caused by EPS-s. Results indicate that the structure and the immunomodulatory activity of EPSs produced by the SBC8781 strain vary according to the fermentation substrate. Soy milk fermented with S. thermophilus SBC8781 could be a new immunomodulatory functional food, which should be further evaluated in preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Nakata
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Pokka Sapporo Food and Beverage Ltd., Nagoya 460-0008, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Imamura
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Sudeb Saha
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - René Emanuel Lobo
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry (Cátedra de Química Analítica III), Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, National University of Tucumán, Tucuman 4000, Argentina
| | - Shugo Kitahara
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Shota Araki
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Mikado Tomokiyo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Fu Namai
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Inoue
- Pokka Sapporo Food and Beverage Ltd., Nagoya 460-0008, Japan
| | - Keita Nishiyama
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Julio Villena
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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Xiong J, Liu DM, Huang YY. Exopolysaccharides from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum: isolation, purification, structure–function relationship, and application. Eur Food Res Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-023-04237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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Song Y, Li S, Gong H, Yip RCS, Chen H. Biopharmaceutical applications of microbial polysaccharides as materials: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124259. [PMID: 37003381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological characteristics of natural polymers make microbial polysaccharides an excellent choice for biopharmaceuticals. Due to its easy purifying procedure and high production efficiency, it is capable of resolving the existing application issues associated with some plant and animal polysaccharides. Furthermore, microbial polysaccharides are recognized as prospective substitutes for these polysaccharides based on the search for eco-friendly chemicals. In this review, the microstructure and properties of microbial polysaccharides are utilized to highlight their characteristics and potential medical applications. From the standpoint of pathogenic processes, in-depth explanations are provided on the effects of microbial polysaccharides as active ingredients in the treatment of human diseases, anti-aging, and drug delivery. In addition, the scholarly developments and commercial applications of microbial polysaccharides as medical raw materials are also discussed. The conclusion is that understanding the use of microbial polysaccharides in biopharmaceuticals is essential for the future development of pharmacology and therapeutic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yige Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Shuxin Li
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Hao Gong
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Ryan Chak Sang Yip
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, PR China.
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Yang S, Xu X, Peng Q, Ma L, Qiao Y, Shi B. Exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria, as an alternative to antibiotics, on regulation of intestinal health and the immune system. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023; 13:78-89. [PMID: 37025257 PMCID: PMC10070398 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Over-use or misuse of antibiotics in livestock and poultry production contributes to the rising threat of antibiotic resistance in animals and has negative ecological effects. Exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria (LAB-EPS) are a class of biological macromolecules which are secreted by lactic acid bacteria to the outside of the cell wall during their growth and metabolism. Numerous studies demonstrated that LAB-EPS have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities and are able to regulate intestinal health and the immune system in livestock. They are biodegradable, nontoxic and bio-compatible, which are considered as ideal alternatives to antibiotics. This review aims to discuss and summarize recent research findings of LAB-EPS on regulation of intestinal health and the immune system in animals, and thus provide scientific justification for commercial applications of LAB-EPS in livestock.
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Kaur N, Dey P. Bacterial Exopolysaccharides as Emerging Bioactive Macromolecules: From Fundamentals to Applications. Res Microbiol 2022; 174:104024. [PMID: 36587857 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2022.104024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are extracellular carbohydrate polymers forming capsules or slimy coating around the cells. EPS can be secreted by various bacterial genera that can help bacterial cells in attachment, environmental adaptation, stress tolerance and are an integral part of microbial biofilms. Several gut commensals (e.g., Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) produce EPS that possess diverse bioactivities. Bacterial EPS also has extensive commercial applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Owing to the structural and functional diversity, genetic and metabolic engineering strategies are currently employed to increase EPS production. Therefore, the current review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of bacterial exopolysaccharides, including their classification, source, biosynthetic pathways, and functions in the microbial community. The review also provides an overview of the diverse bioactivities of microbial EPS, including immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and anti-cancer properties. Since several gut microbes are EPS producers and gut microbiota helps maintain a functional gut barrier, emphasis has been given to the intestinal-level bioactivities of the gut microbial EPS. Collectively, the review provides a comprehensive overview of microbial bioactive exopolysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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Illikoud N, Mantel M, Rolli-Derkinderen M, Gagnaire V, Jan G. Dairy starters and fermented dairy products modulate gut mucosal immunity. Immunol Lett 2022; 251-252:91-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Yin HC, Liu ZD, Zhang WW, Yang QZ, Yu TF, Jiang XJ. Chicken intestinal microbiota modulation of resistance to nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus infection through IFN-I. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:162. [PMID: 36192807 PMCID: PMC9527382 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian intestinal microbiomes are necessary for antagonizing systemic viral infections. However, very few studies have identified whether poultry commensal bacteria play a crucial role in protecting against systemic viral infections. Nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a pathogenic coronavirus that causes high morbidity and multiorgan infection tropism in chickens. RESULTS In this study, we used broad-spectrum oral antibiotics (ABX) to treat specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens to deplete the microbiota before infection with nephropathogenic IBV to analyze the impact of microbiota on IBV infections in vivo. Depletion of the SPF chicken microbiota increases pathogenicity and viral burden following IBV infection. The gnotobiotic chicken infection model further demonstrated that intestinal microbes are resistant to nephropathogenic IBV infection. In addition, ABX-treated chickens showed a severe reduction in macrophage activation, impaired type I IFN production, and IFN-stimulated gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the spleen. Lactobacillus isolated from SPF chickens could restore microbiota-depleted chicken macrophage activation and the IFNAR-dependent type I IFN response to limit IBV infection. Furthermore, exopolysaccharide metabolites of Lactobacillus spp. could induce IFN-β. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the resistance mechanism of SPF chicken intestinal microbiota to nephropathogenic IBV infection, providing new ideas for preventing and controlling nephropathogenic IBV. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Chang Yin
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Liu
- Department of Surgery of Spine and Spinal Cord, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qing-Zhu Yang
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tian-Fei Yu
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Xin-Jie Jiang
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China.
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13
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Xie M, Li Y, Olsen RE, Ringø E, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Ran C, Zhou Z. Dietary supplementation of exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GCC-3 improved the resistance of zebrafish against spring viremia of carp virus infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:968348. [PMID: 35990638 PMCID: PMC9389081 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.968348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) can cause high mortality of fish. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GCC-3 exopolysaccharides (GCC-3 EPS) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) infected with SVCV and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Zebrafish were fed with a control diet or diet supplemented with 0.5% and 1% of GCC-3 EPS for 2 weeks. The results showed that supplementation of GCC-3 EPS significantly improved the survival rate of zebrafish compared with the control group. In addition, dietary 0.5% and 1% GCC-3 EPS significantly up-regulated the expression of genes related to type I interferon (IFN) antiviral immunity. Consistent with in vivo results, GCC-3 EPS significantly inhibited SVCV replication in zebrafish embryonic fibroblast (ZF4) cells while significantly increased the expression of type I IFN signaling pathway related genes. Furthermore, knocking down TANK-binding kinase 1 significantly blocked the antiviral effect of GCC-3 EPS. Dietary GCC-3 EPS improved gut microbiota, and the culture supernatant of GCC-3 EPS-associated microbiota significantly inhibited SVCV replication in ZF4 cells compared with the control-microbiota counterpart. In conclusion, our results indicate that dietary GCC-3 EPS can improve the resistance of zebrafish against SVCV infection, and the mechanism may involve enhanced type I interferon signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Xie
- Sino-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Norway-China Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yu Li
- Sino-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rolf Erik Olsen
- Norway-China Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Einar Ringø
- Norwegian College of Fisheries Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Yalin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Zhou, ; Chao Ran,
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Sino-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Zhou, ; Chao Ran,
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14
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Wang YH, Limaye A, Liu JR, Wu TN. Potential probiotics for regulation of the gut-lung axis to prevent or alleviate influenza in vulnerable populations. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 13:161-169. [PMID: 36970463 PMCID: PMC10037066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza, also known as "flu", is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses. Three types of influenza virus, A, B, and C, are able to infect humans. In most people, influenza causes mild symptoms, but it can also induce severe complications and death. Annual influenza vaccines are currently the main intervention used to minimize mortality and morbidity. However, vaccination frequently fails to provide adequate protection, especially in the elderly. Traditional flu vaccine targets hemagglutinin to prevent virus infection, but the constant mutation of hemagglutinin means that it is a challenge to develop vaccines quickly enough to keep up with mutations. Thus, other methods of curbing influenza incidence would be welcomed, especially for vulnerable populations. Although influenza viruses primarily infect the respiratory tract, influenza virus infection also induces intestinal dysbiosis. Through gut microbiota-derived secreted products and the circulating immune cells, gut microbiota can affect pulmonary immunity. The crosstalk between the respiratory tract and gut microbiota, termed the "gut-lung axis", is observed in the regulation of immune responses against influenza virus infection or inflammation-induced lung damage, indicating the possibility of using probiotics to prevent influenza virus infection or alleviate respiratory symptoms. In this review, we summarize the current findings on the antiviral functions of particular probiotics and/or combinations and discuss the antiviral mechanisms and immunomodulatory activities of probiotics in vitro, in mice, and in humans. Clinical studies show probiotic supplements can provide health benefits, not only to the elderly or children with compromised immune systems, but also to young- and middle-aged adults.
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15
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Montazeri-Najafabady N, Kazemi K, Gholami A. Recent advances in antiviral effects of probiotics: potential mechanism study in prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022; 77:3211-3228. [PMID: 35789756 PMCID: PMC9244507 DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), progressively extended worldwide countries on an epidemic scale. Along with all the drug treatments suggested to date, currently, there are no approved management protocols and treatment regimens for SARS-CoV-2. The unavailability of optimal medication and effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 indicates the requirement for alternative therapies. Probiotics are living organisms that deliberate beneficial effects on the host when used sufficiently and in adequate amounts, and fermented food is their rich source. Probiotics affect viruses by antiviral mechanisms and reduce diarrhea and respiratory tract infection. At this point, we comprehensively evaluated the antiviral effects of probiotics and their mechanism with a particular focus on SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we suggested the conceptual and potential mechanisms of probiotics by which they could exhibit antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2, according to the previous evidence concerning the mechanism of antiviral effects of probiotics. This study reviewed recent studies that speculate about the role of probiotics in the prevention of the SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm through the mechanisms such as induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6), inhibition of JAK signaling pathway, and act as HDAC inhibitor. Also, the recent clinical trials and their outcome have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Montazeri-Najafabady
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kimia Kazemi
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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16
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Bello-Morales R, Andreu S, Ruiz-Carpio V, Ripa I, López-Guerrero JA. Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Still Promising Antivirals. Viruses 2022; 14:1337. [PMID: 35746808 PMCID: PMC9227104 DOI: 10.3390/v14061337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides and other polyanions have been promising candidates in antiviral research for decades. These substances gained attention as antivirals when they demonstrated a high inhibitory effect in vitro against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other enveloped viruses. However, that initial interest was followed by wide skepticism when in vivo assays refuted the initial results. In this paper we review the use of sulfated polysaccharides, and other polyanions, in antiviral therapy, focusing on extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). We maintain that, in spite of those early difficulties, the use of polyanions and, specifically, the use of EPSs, in antiviral therapy should be reconsidered. We base our claim in several points. First, early studies showed that the main disadvantage of sulfated polysaccharides and polyanions is their low bioavailability, but this difficulty can be overcome by the use of adequate administration strategies, such as nebulization of aerosols to gain access to respiratory airways. Second, several sulfated polysaccharides and EPSs have demonstrated to be non-toxic in animals. Finally, these macromolecules are non-specific and therefore they might be used against different variants or even different viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Bello-Morales
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (V.R.-C.); (I.R.); (J.A.L.-G.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabina Andreu
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (V.R.-C.); (I.R.); (J.A.L.-G.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Ruiz-Carpio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (V.R.-C.); (I.R.); (J.A.L.-G.)
| | - Inés Ripa
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (V.R.-C.); (I.R.); (J.A.L.-G.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio López-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (V.R.-C.); (I.R.); (J.A.L.-G.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Carrero‐Puentes S, Fuenmayor C, Jiménez‐Pérez C, Guzmán‐Rodríguez F, Gómez‐Ruiz L, Rodríguez‐Serrano G, Alatorre‐Santamaría S, García‐Garibay M, Cruz‐Guerrero A. Development and characterization of an exopolysaccharide‐functionalized acid whey cheese (requesón) using
Lactobacillus delbrueckii
ssp.
bulgaricus. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carrero‐Puentes
- Departamento de Biotecnología Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐Iztapalapa Mexico City Mexico
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogota Colombia
| | - Carlos Fuenmayor
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogota Colombia
| | - Carlos Jiménez‐Pérez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐Iztapalapa Mexico City Mexico
| | | | - Lorena Gómez‐Ruiz
- Departamento de Biotecnología Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐Iztapalapa Mexico City Mexico
| | | | | | - Mariano García‐Garibay
- Departamento de Biotecnología Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐Iztapalapa Mexico City Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐Lerma Mexico City Mexico
| | - Alma Cruz‐Guerrero
- Departamento de Biotecnología Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐Iztapalapa Mexico City Mexico
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18
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Werning ML, Hernández-Alcántara AM, Ruiz MJ, Soto LP, Dueñas MT, López P, Frizzo LS. Biological Functions of Exopolysaccharides from Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Potential Benefits for Humans and Farmed Animals. Foods 2022; 11:1284. [PMID: 35564008 PMCID: PMC9101012 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) synthesize exopolysaccharides (EPS), which are structurally diverse biopolymers with a broad range of technological properties and bioactivities. There is scientific evidence that these polymers have health-promoting properties. Most commercialized probiotic microorganisms for consumption by humans and farmed animals are LAB and some of them are EPS-producers indicating that some of their beneficial properties could be due to these polymers. Probiotic LAB are currently used to improve human health and for the prevention and treatment of specific pathologic conditions. They are also used in food-producing animal husbandry, mainly due to their abilities to promote growth and inhibit pathogens via different mechanisms, among which the production of EPS could be involved. Thus, the aim of this review is to discuss the current knowledge of the characteristics, usage and biological role of EPS from LAB, as well as their postbiotic action in humans and animals, and to predict the future contribution that they could have on the diet of food animals to improve productivity, animal health status and impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Werning
- Laboratory of Food Analysis “Rodolfo Oscar DALLA SANTINA”, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National, Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza 3080, SF, Argentina; (M.J.R.); (L.P.S.); (L.S.F.)
| | - Annel M. Hernández-Alcántara
- Department of Microorganisms and Plant Biotechnology, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.H.-A.); (P.L.)
| | - María Julia Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Analysis “Rodolfo Oscar DALLA SANTINA”, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National, Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza 3080, SF, Argentina; (M.J.R.); (L.P.S.); (L.S.F.)
- Department of Animal Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of the Center of the Province of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 7000, Argentina
| | - Lorena Paola Soto
- Laboratory of Food Analysis “Rodolfo Oscar DALLA SANTINA”, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National, Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza 3080, SF, Argentina; (M.J.R.); (L.P.S.); (L.S.F.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University, Esperanza 3038, Argentina
| | - María Teresa Dueñas
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Paloma López
- Department of Microorganisms and Plant Biotechnology, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.H.-A.); (P.L.)
| | - Laureano Sebastián Frizzo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis “Rodolfo Oscar DALLA SANTINA”, Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National, Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza 3080, SF, Argentina; (M.J.R.); (L.P.S.); (L.S.F.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University, Esperanza 3038, Argentina
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19
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Wu J, Han X, Ye M, Li Y, Wang X, Zhong Q. Exopolysaccharides synthesized by lactic acid bacteria: biosynthesis pathway, structure-function relationship, structural modification and applicability. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7043-7064. [PMID: 35213280 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2043822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics and their fermentation products are increasingly been focused on due to their health-boosting effects. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) synthetized by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely applied as texture modifiers in dairy, meat and bakery products owning to their improved properties. Moreover, LAB-derived EPS have been confirmed to possess diverse physiological bioactivities including antioxidant, anti-biofilm, antiviral, immune-regulatory or antitumor. However, the low production and high acquisition cost hinder their development. Even though LAB-derived EPS have been extensively studied for their production-improving, there are only few reports on the systematic elucidation and summary of the relationship among biosynthesis pathway, strain selection, production parameter, structure-function relationship. Therefore, a detailed summary on biosynthesis pathway, production parameter and structure-function relationship of LAB-derived EPS is provided in this review, the structural modifications together with the current and potential applications are also discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangpeng Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meizhi Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingping Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Singh V, Ahlawat S, Mohan H, Gill SS, Sharma KK. Balancing reactive oxygen species generation by rebooting gut microbiota. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:4112-4129. [PMID: 35199405 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS; free radical form O2 •‾ , superoxide radical; OH• , hydroxyl radical; ROO• , peroxyl; RO• , alkoxyl and non-radical form 1 O2 , singlet oxygen; H2 O2 , hydrogen peroxide) are inevitable companions of aerobic life with crucial role in gut health. But, overwhelming production of ROS can cause serious damage to biomolecules. In this review, we have discussed several sources of ROS production that can be beneficial or dangerous to the human gut. Microorganisms, organelles and enzymes play crucial role in ROS generation, where, NOX1 is the main intestinal enzyme, which produce ROS in the intestine epithelial cells. Previous studies have reported that probiotics play significant role in gut homeostasis by checking the ROS generation, maintaining the antioxidant level, immune system and barrier protection. With current knowledge, we have critically analyzed the available literature and presented the outcome in the form of bubble maps to suggest the probiotics that help in controlling the ROS-specific intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colon cancer. Finally, it has been concluded that rebooting of the gut microbiota with probiotics, postbiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can have crucial implications in the structuring of gut communities for the personalized management of the gastrointestinal (GI) diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandna Singh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Shruti Ahlawat
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.,Presently at SGT University, Badli Road Chandu, Budhera, Gurugr, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Hari Mohan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sarvajeet Singh Gill
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Krishna Kant Sharma
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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21
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Kober AKMH, Riaz Rajoka MS, Mehwish HM, Villena J, Kitazawa H. Immunomodulation Potential of Probiotics: A Novel Strategy for Improving Livestock Health, Immunity, and Productivity. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020388. [PMID: 35208843 PMCID: PMC8878146 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the use of probiotics as feed supplements in animal production has increased considerably due to the ban on antibiotic growth promoters in livestock. This review provides an overview of the current situation, limitation, and prospects for probiotic formulations applied to livestock. Recently, the use of probiotics in livestock has been suggested to significantly improve their health, immunity, growth performance, nutritional digestibility, and intestinal microbial balance. Furthermore, it was reported that the use of probiotics in animals was helpful in equilibrating their beneficial microbial population and microbial turnover via stimulating the host immune response through specific secretions and competitive exclusion of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the digestive tract. Recently, there has been great interest in the understanding of probiotics targeted diet and its ability to compete with harmful microbes and acquire their niches. Therefore, the present review explores the most commonly used probiotic formulations in livestock feed and their effect on animal health. In summary, this article provides an in-depth knowledge about the formulation of probiotics as a step toward a better alternative to antibiotic healthy growth strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. M. Humayun Kober
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.S.R.R.); (H.M.M.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: or (A.K.M.H.K.); (H.K.); Tel.: +880-1712-164794 (A.K.M.H.K.); +81-22-757-4372 (H.K.)
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.S.R.R.); (H.M.M.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Hafiza Mahreen Mehwish
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.S.R.R.); (H.M.M.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Julio Villena
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina;
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.S.R.R.); (H.M.M.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Correspondence: or (A.K.M.H.K.); (H.K.); Tel.: +880-1712-164794 (A.K.M.H.K.); +81-22-757-4372 (H.K.)
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22
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Muninathan C, Guruchandran S, Viswanath Kalyan AJ, Ganesan ND. Microbial exopolysaccharides: role in functional food engineering and gut‐health management. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nandhini Devi Ganesan
- Centre for Food Technology Department of Biotechnology Anna University Chennai 600025 India
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23
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Amimo JO, Raev SA, Chepngeno J, Mainga AO, Guo Y, Saif L, Vlasova AN. Rotavirus Interactions With Host Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:793841. [PMID: 35003114 PMCID: PMC8727603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.793841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) is the foremost enteric pathogen associated with severe diarrheal illness in young children (<5years) and animals worldwide. RV primarily infects mature enterocytes in the intestinal epithelium causing villus atrophy, enhanced epithelial cell turnover and apoptosis. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) being the first physical barrier against RV infection employs a range of innate immune strategies to counteract RVs invasion, including mucus production, toll-like receptor signaling and cytokine/chemokine production. Conversely, RVs have evolved numerous mechanisms to escape/subvert host immunity, seizing translation machinery of the host for effective replication and transmission. RV cell entry process involve penetration through the outer mucus layer, interaction with cell surface molecules and intestinal microbiota before reaching the IECs. For successful cell attachment and entry, RVs use sialic acid, histo-blood group antigens, heat shock cognate protein 70 and cell-surface integrins as attachment factors and/or (co)-receptors. In this review, a comprehensive summary of the existing knowledge of mechanisms underlying RV-IECs interactions, including the role of gut microbiota, during RV infection is presented. Understanding these mechanisms is imperative for developing efficacious strategies to control RV infections, including development of antiviral therapies and vaccines that target specific immune system antagonists within IECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Oluoch Amimo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sergei Alekseevich Raev
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Juliet Chepngeno
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Alfred Omwando Mainga
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yusheng Guo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Linda Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
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Elean M, Albarracin L, Fukuyama K, Zhou B, Tomokiyo M, Kitahara S, Araki S, Suda Y, Saavedra L, Villena J, Hebert EM, Kitazawa H. Lactobacillus delbrueckii CRL 581 Differentially Modulates TLR3-Triggered Antiviral Innate Immune Response in Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Macrophages. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122449. [PMID: 34946051 PMCID: PMC8704909 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CRL 581 beneficially modulates the intestinal antiviral innate immune response triggered by the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist poly(I:C) in vivo. This study aimed to characterize further the immunomodulatory properties of the technologically relevant starter culture L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis CRL 581 by evaluating its interaction with intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages in the context of innate immune responses triggered by TLR3. Our results showed that the CRL 581 strain was able to adhere to porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells and mucins. The CRL 581 strain also augmented the expression of antiviral factors (IFN-α, IFN-β, Mx1, OAS1, and OAS2) and reduced inflammatory cytokines in PIE cells triggered by TLR3 stimulation. In addition, the influence of L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis CRL 581 on the response of murine RAW macrophages to the activation of TLR3 was evaluated. The CRL 581 strain was capable of enhancing the expression of IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, Mx1, OAS1, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Of note, the CRL 581 strain also augmented the expression of IL-10 in macrophages. The results of this study show that the high proteolytic strain L. delbrueckii spp. lactis CRL 581 was able to beneficially modulate the intestinal innate antiviral immune response by regulating the response of both epithelial cells and macrophages relative to TLR3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Elean
- Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina; (M.E.); (L.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Leonardo Albarracin
- Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina; (M.E.); (L.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Kohtaro Fukuyama
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (K.F.); (B.Z.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Binghui Zhou
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (K.F.); (B.Z.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (S.A.)
- International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Livestock Immunology Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Mikado Tomokiyo
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (K.F.); (B.Z.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (S.A.)
- International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Livestock Immunology Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Shugo Kitahara
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (K.F.); (B.Z.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Shota Araki
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (K.F.); (B.Z.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Yoshihito Suda
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Environment, Miyagi University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
| | - Lucila Saavedra
- Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina; (M.E.); (L.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Julio Villena
- Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina; (M.E.); (L.A.); (L.S.)
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (K.F.); (B.Z.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (E.M.H.); (H.K.)
| | - Elvira M. Hebert
- Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina; (M.E.); (L.A.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (E.M.H.); (H.K.)
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (K.F.); (B.Z.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (S.A.)
- International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Livestock Immunology Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (E.M.H.); (H.K.)
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Chaisuwan W, Phimolsiripol Y, Chaiyaso T, Techapun C, Leksawasdi N, Jantanasakulwong K, Rachtanapun P, Wangtueai S, Sommano SR, You S, Regenstein JM, Barba FJ, Seesuriyachan P. The Antiviral Activity of Bacterial, Fungal, and Algal Polysaccharides as Bioactive Ingredients: Potential Uses for Enhancing Immune Systems and Preventing Viruses. Front Nutr 2021; 8:772033. [PMID: 34805253 PMCID: PMC8602887 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.772033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections may cause serious human diseases. For instance, the recent appearance of the novel virus, SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19, has spread globally and is a serious public health concern. The consumption of healthy, proper, functional, and nutrient-rich foods has an important role in enhancing an individual's immune system and preventing viral infections. Several polysaccharides from natural sources such as algae, bacteria, and fungi have been considered as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration. They are safe, low-toxicity, biodegradable, and have biological activities. In this review, the bioactive polysaccharides derived from various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and algae were evaluated. Antiviral mechanisms of these polysaccharides were discussed. Finally, the potential use of microbial and algal polysaccharides as an antiviral and immune boosting strategy was addressed. The microbial polysaccharides exhibited several bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities. Some microbes are able to produce sulfated polysaccharides, which are well-known to exert a board spectrum of biological activities, especially antiviral properties. Microbial polysaccharide can inhibit various viruses using different mechanisms. Furthermore, these microbial polysaccharides are also able to modulate immune responses to prevent and/or inhibit virus infections. There are many molecular factors influencing their bioactivities, e.g., functional groups, conformations, compositions, and molecular weight. At this stage of development, microbial polysaccharides will be used as adjuvants, nutrient supplements, and for drug delivery to prevent several virus infections, especially SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worraprat Chaisuwan
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Yuthana Phimolsiripol
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro-BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thanongsak Chaiyaso
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro-BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Charin Techapun
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro-BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Noppol Leksawasdi
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro-BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro-BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro-BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sutee Wangtueai
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro-BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- College of Maritime Studies and Management, Chiang Mai University, Samut Sakhon, Thailand
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro-BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory (BAC), Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Joe M. Regenstein
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Phisit Seesuriyachan
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro-BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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26
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Cheng C, Zhang L, Mu J, Tian Q, Liu Y, Ma X, Fu Y, Liu Z, Li Z. Effect of Lactobacillus johnsonii Strain SQ0048 on the TLRs-MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Bovine Vaginal Epithelial Cells. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:670949. [PMID: 34447797 PMCID: PMC8383737 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.670949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaginal inflammation is a common disease of the dairy cows' reproductive tract. Lactic acid bacteria can combat purulent inflammation caused by pathogenic bacteria and regulate the NF-κB signaling pathway mediated by toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the inflammatory response. We studied the effect of Lactobacillus johnsonii SQ0048, an isolate with antibacterial activity, on the NF-κB signaling pathway in cow vaginal epithelial cells. The expression levels of serial effectors related to the TLRs-MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway (TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, IKK, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10) were measured with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), ELISA, and Western blot analyses. TLR2 and TLR4 were activated by SQ0048 cells, as noted by increased mRNA expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 in SQ0048-treated bovine vaginal epithelial cells relative to control cells (P <0.01). SQ0048 treatment also significantly increased MyD88 and IKK expression, and activated NF-κB in vaginal epithelial cells (P <0.01). In addition, SQ0048 treatment also significantly increased mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, but decreased IL-10 mRNA expression levels (P <0.01). These data indicate that strain SQ0048 presence can improve the immune functions of cow vaginal epithelial cells by activating TLRs-MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways. However, further in vivo studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Cheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jining Normal University, Jining, China
| | | | - Junxiang Mu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jining Normal University, Jining, China
| | | | - Yanming Liu
- Inner Mongolia Shuangqi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Inner Mongolia Shuangqi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Yanru Fu
- Hohhot Vocational College, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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The Interaction Between Viruses and Intestinal Microbiota: A Review. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3597-3608. [PMID: 34350485 PMCID: PMC8336530 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As the main pathogen threatening human and animal health, viruses can affect the immunity and metabolism of bodies. There are innate microbial barriers in the digestive tract of the body to preserve the homeostasis of the animal body, which directly or indirectly influences the host defence against viral infection. Understanding the interaction between viruses and intestinal microbiota or probiotics is helpful to study the pathogenesis of diseases. Here, we review recent studies on the interaction mechanism between intestinal microbiota and viruses. The interaction can be divided into two aspects: inhibition of viral infection by microbiota and promotion of viral infection by microbiota. The treatment of viral infection by probiotics is summarized.
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28
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Zayed A, Mansour MK, Sedeek MS, Habib MH, Ulber R, Farag MA. Rediscovering bacterial exopolysaccharides of terrestrial and marine origins: novel insights on their distribution, biosynthesis, biotechnological production, and future perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:597-617. [PMID: 34320886 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1942779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria exist in colonies as aggregates or associated with surfaces forming biofilms rather than planktonic cells. Living in such a unique manner is always mediated via a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances, which are composed mainly of polysaccharides or specifically exopolysaccharides (EPS). Biofilm formation and hence EPS production are affected by biotic and abiotic factors inducing/inhibiting several involved genes and other molecules. In addition, various aspects of bacterial EPS regarding: physiological functions, molecular weight, and chemical composition were demonstrated. Recent investigations have revealed a wide spectrum of EPS chemical and physicochemical properties showing promising applications in different industrial sectors. For instance, lactic acid bacteria (LAB)- and marine-derived EPS exhibit: immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antitumor, bioremediation of heavy metals, as well as thickening and viscosity modifiers in the food industry. However, bacterial EPS have not yet been commercially implemented, in contrast to plant-derived analogues. The current review aims to rediscover the EPS structural and biosynthetic features derived from marine and terrestrial bacteria, and applications as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mai K Mansour
- Department of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Sedeek
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Habib
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Chemistry Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
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29
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Zhou X, Zhang D, Qi W, Hong T, Xiong T, Wu T, Geng F, Xie M, Nie S. Exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 Facilitate Intestinal Homeostasis by Modulating Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration and Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7863-7873. [PMID: 34236844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of epithelia is crucial for maintaining the intestinal barrier and homeostasis. Our previous work showed that exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 (EPS116) regulated the barrier function and homeostasis of the intestine; however, the relevant mechanisms remain obscure. Therefore, we sought to explore the role of EPS116 in promoting intestinal epithelial regeneration. Our data showed that the administration of EPS116 markedly ameliorated inflammatory bowel disease-related phenotypes and promoted the regeneration of crypts in the colon of colitis mice. The results of immunofluorescence and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments indicated that EPS116 strikingly increased the number of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and the expression of differentiation markers for goblet cells, enterocytes, and enteroendocrine cells in the mouse colon. Intestinal microbiota analysis showed that EPS116 increased microbial populations associated with intestinal regeneration and glycan metabolism. Therefore, the present study revealed a novel model that EPS116 promoted the intestinal homeostasis through modulating the proliferation and differentiation of ISCs and altering the gut microbiota profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Duoduo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Wucheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Tao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Tingqin Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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30
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Huang L, Zhao J, Wei Y, Yu G, Li F, Li Q. Structural characterization and mechanisms of macrophage immunomodulatory activity of a pectic polysaccharide from Cucurbita moschata Duch. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:118288. [PMID: 34294314 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A pectic polysaccharide (named CMDP-4b) with a molecular weight of 31.97 kDa was extracted from Cucurbita moschata Duch and purified by column chromatography. On the basis of methylation, Fourier-transform infrared, monosaccharide composition, and one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses, the structure of CMDP-4b was determined to be composed of an α-1,4-linked homogalacturonan backbone, which was slightly acetylated and highly methyl-esterified, and branched at the O-3 position of the →4)-α-D-GalpA-6-OMe-(1→. Immunomodulatory assays showed that CMDP-4b not only induced the secretion of nitrous oxide and cytokines (i.e. IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) but also promoted pinocytic and phagocytic activities of macrophages, suggesting that CMDP-4b possessed immunomodulatory activity. Moreover, toll-like receptor 4 and complement receptor 3 may play a critical role in CMDP-4b-induced macrophage activation through the NF-κB and the MAPKs signaling pathways. Our study provides the molecular basis for the potential use of CMDP-4b as a natural immunostimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yunlu Wei
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guoyong Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Quanhong Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
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31
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Abdalla AK, Ayyash MM, Olaimat AN, Osaili TM, Al-Nabulsi AA, Shah NP, Holley R. Exopolysaccharides as Antimicrobial Agents: Mechanism and Spectrum of Activity. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:664395. [PMID: 34093478 PMCID: PMC8170130 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.664395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are metabolites synthesized and excreted by a variety of microorganisms, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB). EPS serve several biological functions such as interactions between bacteria and their environments, protection against hostile conditions including dehydration, the alleviation of the action of toxic compounds (bile salts, hydrolyzing enzymes, lysozyme, gastric, and pancreatic enzymes, metal ions, antibiotics), and stresses (changing pH, osmolarity), and evasion of the immune response and phage attack. Bacterial EPSs are considered valuable by the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries, owing to their health-promoting benefits and rheological impacts. Numerous studies have reported the unusual antimicrobial activities of various EPS against a wide variety of pathogenic microbes (bacteria, virus, and fungi). This review aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities of different EPSs, mainly against foodborne bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. The mechanism of EPS action against these pathogens as well as the methods used to measure antimicrobial activities are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mutamed M. Ayyash
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amin N. Olaimat
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Tareq M. Osaili
- Department Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Anas A. Al-Nabulsi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nagendra P. Shah
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Richard Holley
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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32
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Spangler JR, Caruana JC, Medintz IL, Walper SA. Harnessing the potential of Lactobacillus species for therapeutic delivery at the lumenal-mucosal interface. Future Sci OA 2021; 7:FSO671. [PMID: 33815818 PMCID: PMC8015674 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2020-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus species have been studied for over 30 years in their role as commensal organisms in the human gut. Recently there has been a surge of interest in their abilities to natively and recombinantly stimulate immune activities, and studies have identified strains and novel molecules that convey particular advantages for applications as both immune adjuvants and immunomodulators. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in Lactobacillus-related activity at the gut/microbiota interface, the efforts to probe the boundaries of the direct and indirect therapeutic potential of these bacteria, and highlight the continued interest in harnessing the native capacity for the production of biogenic compounds shown to influence nervous system activity. Taken together, these aspects underscore Lactobacillus species as versatile therapeutic delivery vehicles capable of effector production at the lumenal-mucosal interface, and further establish a foundation of efficacy upon which future engineered strains can expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Spangler
- National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellow sited in US Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington DC, 20375, USA
| | - Julie C Caruana
- American Society for Engineering Education Postdoctoral Fellow sited in US Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington DC, 20375, USA
| | - Igor L Medintz
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington DC, 20375, USA
| | - Scott A Walper
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington DC, 20375, USA
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33
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Yang J, Wang J, Huang K, Zhu M, Liu Q, Liu G, Chen F, Zhang H, Qin S. Selenium enriched Bacillus subtilis yb-1114246 activated the TLR2-NF-κB1 signaling pathway to regulate chicken intestinal β-defensin 1 expression. Food Funct 2021; 12:5913-5926. [PMID: 34028482 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01158h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and potential signaling pathway of selenium-enriched Bacillus subtilis (SEBS) on beta defensin 1 (BD1) expression in chicken intestine. Chinese Huainan Partridge chickens (500 individuals) were randomly allocated into five groups, including control, inorganic Se, B. subtilis, SEBS, and a mixture of Se and B. subtilis (Se-BS). After 56 d of feeding, chicken ileal mucous membranes were harvested to detect differences in expression of BD1. The results indicated that BD1 was produced in intestinal crypt cells and secreted into the lumen through the villi brush border. BD1 was up-regulated in distal ileum segments colonized by SEBS and B. subtilis. Chicken primary intestinal crypt cells were cultured and grouped into control, inorganic Se, B. subtilis, SEBS, and Se-BS treatments to identify the receptor of B. subtilis. Results indicated that B. subtilis and SEBS were recognized by toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), stimulating the NF-κB1 signaling pathway to increase expression of BD-1, which was further enhanced when combined with Se. Pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were up-regulated with B. subtilis supplementation, and inhibited under the action of Se. In conclusion, B. subtilis and SEBS were recognized by the TLR2 receptor in the ileal mucous membrane, which activated the TLR2-MyD88-NF-κB1 signaling pathway to upregulate BD1 expression. In addition, Se enhanced recognition of B. subtilis and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory factors caused by estrogenic B. subtilis supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Yang
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, China212400 and College of Animal Science and Technology, Chinese Agricultural University, Beijing, China100093.
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, China212400 and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China210095
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China210095
| | - Mengling Zhu
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, China212400
| | - Qinxing Liu
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, China212400
| | - Guofang Liu
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, China212400
| | - Fu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chinese Agricultural University, Beijing, China100093.
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chinese Agricultural University, Beijing, China100093.
| | - Shunyi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Breeding of Tianjin, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China300384.
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Quilodrán-Vega S, Albarracin L, Mansilla F, Arce L, Zhou B, Islam MA, Tomokiyo M, Al Kassaa I, Suda Y, Kitazawa H, Villena J. Functional and Genomic Characterization of Ligilactobacillus salivarius TUCO-L2 Isolated From Lama glama Milk: A Promising Immunobiotic Strain to Combat Infections. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:608752. [PMID: 33363529 PMCID: PMC7752859 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.608752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential probiotic or immunobiotic effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the milk of the South American camelid llama (Lama glama) have not been reported in published studies. The aim of the present work was to isolate beneficial LAB from llama milk that can be used as potential probiotics active against bacterial pathogens. LAB strains were isolated from llama milk samples. In vitro functional characterization of the strains was performed by evaluating the resistance against gastrointestinal conditions and inhibition of the pathogen growth. Additionally, the adhesive and immunomodulatory properties of the strains were assessed. The functional studies were complemented with a comparative genomic evaluation and in vivo studies in mice. Ligilactobacillus salivarius TUCO-L2 showed enhanced probiotic/immunobiotic potential compared to that of other tested strains. The TUCO-L2 strain was resistant to pH and high bile salt concentrations and demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative intestinal pathogens and adhesion to mucins and epithelial cells. L. salivarius TUCO-L2 modulated the innate immune response triggered by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 activation in intestinal epithelial cells. This effect involved differential regulation of the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines mediated by the modulation of the negative regulators of the TLR signaling pathway. Moreover, the TUCO-L2 strain enhanced the resistance of mice to Salmonella infection. This is the first report on the isolation and characterization of a potential probiotic/immunobiotic strain from llama milk. The in vitro, in vivo, and in silico investigation performed in this study reveals several research directions that are needed to characterize the TUCO-L2 strain in detail to position this strain as a probiotic or immunobiotic that can be used against infections in humans or animals, including llama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Quilodrán-Vega
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Leonardo Albarracin
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina.,Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Laboratory of Computing Science, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Tucuman University, Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Flavia Mansilla
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina.,Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Lorena Arce
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Infection Biology Laboratory, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Binghui Zhou
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Md Aminul Islam
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mikado Tomokiyo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Imad Al Kassaa
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Yoshihito Suda
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Environment, Miyagi University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Julio Villena
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina.,Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Kwon M, Lee J, Park S, Kwon OH, Seo J, Roh S. Exopolysaccharide Isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum L-14 Has Anti-Inflammatory Effects via the Toll-Like Receptor 4 Pathway in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9283. [PMID: 33291425 PMCID: PMC7730553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a biological response of the immune system to defend the body from negative stimulation. However, the excessive inflammatory response can damage host tissues and pose serious threats. Exopolysaccharide (EPS), one of the postbiotics, is secreted from lactic acid bacteria. Although many studies have described the beneficial effects of EPS, such as its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, its underlying mechanisms have remained to be poorly understood. Thus, we identified that EPS obtained from Lactobacillus plantarum L-14 was a homogeneous polysaccharide primarily comprised of glucose. To examine these anti-inflammatory effects, an inflammatory response was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration to mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells that were pretreated with EPS. The anti-inflammatory effects of EPS were identified by analyzing the changes within inflammatory markers at the molecular level. We demonstrate here that EPS suppressed proinflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β, and downregulated the expression of an inducible nitric oxide synthase known to lead to oxidative stress. It was also confirmed that EPS had anti-inflammatory effects by blocking the interaction of LPS with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), as demonstrated by using the known TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242. In addition, we found that EPS itself could suppress the expression of TLR4. Consequently, our data suggest that EPS can be a potential target for the development of natural product-derived medicine for treating inflammatory diseases related to TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijin Kwon
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea; (M.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, NeoRegen Biotech Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do 16614, Korea; (J.L.); (O.-H.K.)
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea; (M.K.); (S.P.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, NeoRegen Biotech Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do 16614, Korea; (J.L.); (O.-H.K.)
| | - Oh-Hee Kwon
- Biomedical Research Institute, NeoRegen Biotech Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do 16614, Korea; (J.L.); (O.-H.K.)
| | - Jeongmin Seo
- Biomedical Research Institute, NeoRegen Biotech Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do 16614, Korea; (J.L.); (O.-H.K.)
| | - Sangho Roh
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea; (M.K.); (S.P.)
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Feng T, Wang J. Oxidative stress tolerance and antioxidant capacity of lactic acid bacteria as probiotic: a systematic review. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1801944. [PMID: 32795116 PMCID: PMC7524341 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1801944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the most frequently used probiotics in fermented foods and beverages and as food supplements for humans or animals, owing to their multiple beneficial features, which appear to be partially associated with their antioxidant properties. LAB can help improve food quality and flavor and prevent numerous disorders caused by oxidation in the host. In this review, we discuss the oxidative stress tolerance, the antioxidant capacity related herewith, and the underlying mechanisms and signaling pathways in probiotic LAB. In addition, we discuss appropriate methods used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of probiotic LAB. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the current state of the research associated with the oxidative stress tolerance and antioxidant capacity of LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (IAHVM), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing, China
- Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (IAHVM), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing, China
- Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Angelin J, Kavitha M. Exopolysaccharides from probiotic bacteria and their health potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:853-865. [PMID: 32585269 PMCID: PMC7308007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are extracellular macromolecules excreted as tightly bound capsule or loosely attached slime layer in microorganisms. They play most prominent role against desiccation, phagocytosis, cell recognition, phage attack, antibiotics or toxic compounds and osmotic stress. In the last few decades, natural polymers have gained much attention among scientific communities owing to their therapeutic potential. In particular the EPS retrieved from probiotic bacteria with varied carbohydrate compositions possess a plenty of beneficial properties. Different probiotic microbes have unique behavior in expressing their capability to display significant health promoting characteristics in the form of polysaccharides. In this new era of alternative medicines, these polysaccharides are considered as substitutes for synthetic drugs. The EPS finds applications in various fields like textiles, cosmetics, bioremediation, food and therapeutics. The present review is focused on sources, chemical composition, biosynthetic pathways of EPS and their biological potential. More attention has been given to the scientific investigations on antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-biofilm, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Angelin
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Kavitha
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zhou B, Albarracin L, Indo Y, Arce L, Masumizu Y, Tomokiyo M, Islam MA, Garcia-Castillo V, Ikeda-Ohtsubo W, Nochi T, Morita H, Takahashi H, Kurata S, Villena J, Kitazawa H. Selection of Immunobiotic Ligilactobacillus salivarius Strains from the Intestinal Tract of Wakame-Fed Pigs: Functional and Genomic Studies. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111659. [PMID: 33114778 PMCID: PMC7716343 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, Ligilactobacillus salivarius FFIG strains, isolated from the intestinal tract of wakame-fed pigs, are characterized according to their potential probiotic properties. Strains were evaluated by studying their interaction with porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells in terms of their ability to regulate toll-like receptor (TLR)-3- or TLR4-mediated innate immune responses, as well as by assessing their adhesion capabilities to porcine epithelial cells and mucins. These functional studies were complemented with comparative genomic evaluations using the complete genome sequences of porcine L. salivarius strains selected from subgroups that demonstrated different “immune” and “adhesion” phenotypes. We found that their immunomodulatory and adhesion capabilities are a strain-dependent characteristic. Our analysis indicated that the differential immunomodulatory and adhesive activities of FFIG strains would be dependent on the combination of several surface structures acting simultaneously, which include peptidoglycan, exopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic acid, and adhesins. Of note, our results indicate that there is no correlation between the immunomodulatory capacity of the strains with their adhesion ability to mucins and epithelial cells. Therefore, in the selection of strains destined to colonize the intestinal mucosa and modulate the immunity of the host, both properties must be adequately evaluated. Interestingly, we showed that L. salivarius FFIG58 functionally modulated the innate immune responses triggered by TLR3 and TLR4 activation in PIE cells and efficiently adhered to these cells. Moreover, the FFIG58 strain was capable of reducing rotavirus replication in PIE cells. Therefore, L. salivarius FFIG58 is a good candidate for further in vivo studying the protective effect of lactobacilli against intestinal infections in the porcine host. We also reported and analyzed, for the first time, the complete genome of several L. salivarius strains that were isolated from the intestine of pigs after the selective pressure of feeding the animals with wakame. Further genomic analysis could be of value to reveal the metabolic characteristics and potential of the FFIG strains in general and of the FFIG58 strain, in particular, relating to wakame by-products assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghui Zhou
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (B.Z.); (L.A.); (Y.I.); (L.A.); (Y.M.); (M.T.); (M.A.I.); (V.G.-C.); (W.I.-O.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
| | - Leonardo Albarracin
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (B.Z.); (L.A.); (Y.I.); (L.A.); (Y.M.); (M.T.); (M.A.I.); (V.G.-C.); (W.I.-O.)
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina
- Scientific Computing Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, National University of Tucuman, Tucuman 4000, Argentina
| | - Yuhki Indo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (B.Z.); (L.A.); (Y.I.); (L.A.); (Y.M.); (M.T.); (M.A.I.); (V.G.-C.); (W.I.-O.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
| | - Lorena Arce
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (B.Z.); (L.A.); (Y.I.); (L.A.); (Y.M.); (M.T.); (M.A.I.); (V.G.-C.); (W.I.-O.)
- Infection Biology Laboratory, INSIBIO-CONICET, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tucuman, Tucuman 4000, Argentina
| | - Yuki Masumizu
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (B.Z.); (L.A.); (Y.I.); (L.A.); (Y.M.); (M.T.); (M.A.I.); (V.G.-C.); (W.I.-O.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
| | - Mikado Tomokiyo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (B.Z.); (L.A.); (Y.I.); (L.A.); (Y.M.); (M.T.); (M.A.I.); (V.G.-C.); (W.I.-O.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
| | - Md. Aminul Islam
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (B.Z.); (L.A.); (Y.I.); (L.A.); (Y.M.); (M.T.); (M.A.I.); (V.G.-C.); (W.I.-O.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Valeria Garcia-Castillo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (B.Z.); (L.A.); (Y.I.); (L.A.); (Y.M.); (M.T.); (M.A.I.); (V.G.-C.); (W.I.-O.)
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina
| | - Wakako Ikeda-Ohtsubo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (B.Z.); (L.A.); (Y.I.); (L.A.); (Y.M.); (M.T.); (M.A.I.); (V.G.-C.); (W.I.-O.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
| | - Tomonori Nochi
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
- Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Morita
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
- Plant Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Kurata
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
| | - Julio Villena
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (B.Z.); (L.A.); (Y.I.); (L.A.); (Y.M.); (M.T.); (M.A.I.); (V.G.-C.); (W.I.-O.)
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (H.K.)
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (B.Z.); (L.A.); (Y.I.); (L.A.); (Y.M.); (M.T.); (M.A.I.); (V.G.-C.); (W.I.-O.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (H.K.)
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Lehtoranta L, Latvala S, Lehtinen MJ. Role of Probiotics in Stimulating the Immune System in Viral Respiratory Tract Infections: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103163. [PMID: 33081138 PMCID: PMC7602805 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral respiratory tract infection (RTI) is the most frequent cause of infectious illnesses including the common cold. Pharmacological solutions for treating or preventing viral RTIs are so far limited and thus several self-care products are available in the market. Some dietary supplements such as probiotics have been shown to modulate immune system function and their role in reducing the risk and the course of RTIs has been investigated extensively within the past decade. However, the mechanism of action and the efficacy of probiotics against viral RTIs remains unclear. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge for pre-clinical and clinical studies investigating the effect of probiotics on respiratory virus infections, immune response, and the course of upper and lower respiratory tract illness. The literature summarized in this narrative review points out that specific probiotic strains seem effective in pre-clinical models, through stimulating the immune system and inhibiting viral replication. Clinical studies indicate variable efficacy on upper respiratory illnesses and lack proof of diagnosed viral infections. However, meta-analyses of clinical studies indicate that probiotics could be beneficial in upper respiratory illnesses without specific etiology. Further studies aiming at discovering the mechanisms of action of probiotics and clinical efficacy are warranted.
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Lactobacillus exopolysaccharides: New perspectives on engineering strategies, physiochemical functions, and immunomodulatory effects on host health. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wang J, Fang X, Wu T, Fang L, Liu C, Min W. In vitro immunomodulatory effects of acidic exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus planetarium JLAU103 on RAW264.7 macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:1308-1315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Xu S, Cheng J, Meng X, Xu Y, Mu Y. Complete Genome and Comparative Genome Analysis of Lactobacillus reuteri YSJL-12, a Potential Probiotics Strain Isolated From Healthy Sow Fresh Feces. Evol Bioinform Online 2020; 16:1176934320942192. [PMID: 32782425 PMCID: PMC7385821 DOI: 10.1177/1176934320942192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri YSJL-12 was isolated from healthy sow fresh feces and used as probiotics additives previously. To investigate the genetic basis on probiotic potential and identify the genes in the strain, the complete genome of YSJL-12 was sequenced. Then comparative genome analysis on 9 strains of Lactobacillus reuteri was performed. The genome of YSJL-12 consisted of a circular 2,084,748 bp chromosome and 2 circular plasmids (51,906 and 15,134 bp). From among the 2065 protein-coding sequences (CDSs), the genes resistant to the environmental stress were identified. The function of COG (Clusters of Orthologous Group) protein genes was predicted, and the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways were analyzed. The comparative genome analysis indicated that the pan-genome contained a core genome of 1257 orthologous gene clusters, an accessory genome of 1064 orthologous gene clusters, and 1148 strain-specific genes, and the antibacterial mechanism among Lactobacillus reuteri strains might be different. The phylogenetic analysis and genomic collinearity revealed that the phylogenetic relationship among 9 strains of Lactobacillus reuteri was connected with host species and showed host specificity. The research could help us to better predict genes function and understand genetic basis on adapting to host gut in Lactobacillus reuteri YSJL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Xu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangchen Meng
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Mu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Falasca F, Cavallari EN, Innocenti GP, Scagnolari C, Mezzaroma I, Santinelli L, Ceccarelli G, Vullo V, Turriziani O, d'Ettorre G. Antiviral Activity of Fecal Water Samples from HIV-1 Infected Subjects Treated with a Specific Probiotic Formulation. Curr HIV Res 2020; 17:183-189. [PMID: 31490760 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x17666190903230622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate if the supplementation with multistrain probiotics may be able to modulate T cell response in HIV-1 infected patients and to evaluate the anti-HIV activity of probiotic by studying fecal water (FW) samples. METHODS Three HIV-1-positive patients (Pt1, Pt2 and Pt3) on long-term suppressive combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) received a specific multi-strain probiotic supplementation (Vivomixx ®), for six months (T6). Levels of T cell subsets were evaluated by flow cytometry. Anti- HIV activity of FW samples was evaluated in vitro. RESULTS CD4+ T cells levels increased in all HIV-1 infected patients whereas activation markers (CD38 and HLA-DR) were decreased both on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. FW samples presented an increased inhibitory activity against HIV-1 compared to T0 (FW-Pt1: T0 =40%, T6 = 65% of reduction; FW Pt2: T0 = 26%, T6 = 46% of reduction; FW Pt3: T0 = 47%, T6 = 94% of reduction). DISCUSSION Our data suggest that the administration of the specific probiotic formulation improves the antiviral status of people living with HIV-1 under cART, also modulating T cell response. CONCLUSION Anti-HIV activity of FW may have several public health and social implications for sexually transmitted diseases that need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Falasca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Ivano Mezzaroma
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Chang-Liao WP, Lee A, Chiu YH, Chang HW, Liu JR. Isolation of a Leuconostoc mesenteroides Strain With Anti-Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Activities From Kefir Grains. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1578. [PMID: 32760370 PMCID: PMC7373756 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine grown under commercial conditions are vulnerable to environmental exposure to several viruses, which may cause infectious diseases and spread easily and rapidly, resulting in significant economic losses in animal husbandry. Previous studies have suggested that probiotics seem to be a new and promising alternative to vaccinations to protect animals against potential viral infections. In this study, we used the Vero cell culture model of infection to study porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). We screened lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with anti-PEDV potential from kefir grains, which are starter cultures used to ferment milk into kefir. Twenty-nine LAB strains were isolated and identified as Enterococcus durans, Lactobacillus kefiri, Lactococcus lactis, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, according to 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and rpoA gene sequence analyses. The anti-PEDV activities of the LAB intracellular extracts were compared, and the intracellular extracts of Ln. mesenteroides showed higher anti-PEDV activities than that of the other species. Among the Ln. mesenteroides strains, a strain designated YPK30 showed a higher growth rate than that of the other strains and was further evaluated for its anti-PEDV activity. The results showed that the intracellular extracts of Ln. mesenteroides YPK30 possessed in vitro prophylactic, therapeutic, and direct-inhibitory effects against PEDV in the Vero cell model. The expression levels of Type 1 interferon (IFN)-dependent genes, including Myxovirus resistance 1 (MX1) and interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), were significantly increased after treatment with intracellular extracts of Ln. mesenteroides YPK30 for 24 h. Such expression suggests that the anti-PEDV activity of Ln. mesenteroides YPK30 could be attributed to its up-regulatory effect on the expression of MX1 and ISG15 genes. These results suggested that Ln. mesenteroides YPK30 has the potential to provide some levels of host protection against PEDV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - An Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chiu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Je-Ruei Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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45
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Xiu L, Sheng S, Hu Z, Liu Y, Li J, Zhang H, Liang Y, Du R, Wang X. Exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus kiferi as adjuvant enhanced the immuno-protective against Staphylococcus aureus infection. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:10-23. [PMID: 32512102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have gained more attention due to their health benefits. Most research on LAB EPS focuses on antitumor and antioxidant activities. To our knowledge, the immunoadjuvant activity of LAB EPS has not been thoroughly studied. In this study, the EPS produced by Lactobacillus kiferi WXD029 were purified by ethanol precipitation and column chromatography fractionation. The molecular weight of the EPS was 3.423 × 105 Da and was mainly composed of Glu, GlcN, and GalN in a molar ratio of 3.1:1:1. In vitro, EPS could significantly enhance the proliferation and phagocytic activity as well as induce the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells. In vivo, the EPS adjuvant could increase the titers of S.aureus antigen-specific antibodies and markedly enhanced T cell proliferation. Notably, EPS adjuvant also induced a strong potential Th1, Th2 and Th17-cell mixture responses. Furthermore, immunization with S.aureus antigen plus EPS adjuvant induced a protective effect when compared with S.aureus antigen alone in murine bacteremia, pneumonia and mastitis model. Collectively, these results suggest that EPS derived from probiotic Lactobacillus kiferi strain is promising as an efficient adjuvant candidate for the prevention of S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, PR China
| | - Shouxin Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, PR China
| | - Zhongpeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, PR China
| | - Jianwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, PR China
| | - Haochi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, PR China
| | - Yanchen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, PR China
| | - Ruiping Du
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Academy of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010031, PR China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, PR China.
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46
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Mizuno H, Tomotsune K, Islam MA, Funabashi R, Albarracin L, Ikeda-Ohtsubo W, Aso H, Takahashi H, Kimura K, Villena J, Sasaki Y, Kitazawa H. Exopolysaccharides From Streptococcus thermophilus ST538 Modulate the Antiviral Innate Immune Response in Porcine Intestinal Epitheliocytes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:894. [PMID: 32508770 PMCID: PMC7248278 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It was reported that exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from lactobacilli are able to differentially modulate mucosal antiviral immunity. Although research has described the ability of EPSs derived from Streptococcus thermophilus to modulate the mucosal immune system, their impact on antiviral immunity was less explored. In this work, we investigated the capacity of the EPS-producing S. thermophilus ST538 to modulate the innate antiviral immune response triggered by the activation of the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in porcine intestinal epitheliocytes (PIE cells). Moreover, in order to study the immunomodulatory potential of S. thermophilus ST538 EPS, we successfully developed two mutant strains through the knockout of the epsB or epsC genes. High-performance liquid chromatography and scanning electron microscopy studies demonstrated that the wild type (WT) strain produced as high as 595 μg/ml of EPS in the skim milk medium, while none of the mutant strains (S. thermophilus ΔepsB and ΔepsC) were able to produce EPS. Studies in PIE cells demonstrated that the EPS of S. thermophilus ST538 is able to significantly improve the expression of interferon β (IFN-β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) in response to TLR3 stimulation. The role of EPS in the modulation of antiviral immune response in PIE cells was confirmed by comparative studies of cell free culture supernatants and fermented skim milks obtained from S. thermophilus ΔepsB and ΔepsC. These results suggest that S. thermophilus ST538 could be used as an immunobiotic strain for the development of new immunologically functional foods, which might contribute to improve resistance against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Mizuno
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kae Tomotsune
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Md Aminul Islam
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Funabashi
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Leonardo Albarracin
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Scientific Computing Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, National University of Tucuman, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Wakako Ikeda-Ohtsubo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hisashi Aso
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Health Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Plant Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kimura
- Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, Meiji Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Julio Villena
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Yasuko Sasaki
- Laboratory of Fermented Foods, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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47
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Abstract
Polysaccharides that contain many sugar monomers include starch and non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) together with resistant starch (RS). Dietary polysaccharides are well known to have a wide range of biological benefits for bowel health. Gut microbiota and their fermentative products, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), which have recently been highlighted as metabolic regulators, are thought to mediate the function of dietary complex carbohydrates and bowel health. We discuss the influence of various polysaccharides on human bowel health and the mechanisms underlying these effects. We also describe their biological effects on intestinal health and the mechanisms underlying their activity; the polysaccharides were divided into three categories: dietary, microbial, and host-derived polysaccharides. Physiological impacts of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) and resistant starch (RS), both of which pass through the small intestine nearly intact and can be fermented by gut microbiota in the large intestine, are similar to each other. They exert a wide range of beneficial effects including anti-inflammation, gut epithelial barrier protection, and immune modulation through both microbiota-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Bacterial polysaccharides usually found in the cell wall generally act as immune modulators, and host-derived polysaccharides not only protect host cells from pathogenic microbial neighbors but also affect overall intestinal health via interactions with gut microbes. Considering these observations, further studies on polysaccharides will be important for bowel health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Ho Do
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Seul Seo
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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48
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Delgado S, Sánchez B, Margolles A, Ruas-Madiedo P, Ruiz L. Molecules Produced by Probiotics and Intestinal Microorganisms with Immunomodulatory Activity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020391. [PMID: 32024101 PMCID: PMC7071221 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. The probiotic microorganisms most commonly used in the food and pharmacy industry belong to Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and several strains of these genera have demonstrated beneficial attributes. In addition, some other intestinal bacteria inhabiting the human microbiota, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila, have recently been discovered and are able to display health-promoting effects in animal and human trials. The beneficial properties of probiotics have been known for a long time, although little is known about the molecular mechanisms and the molecules responsible for their effects. However, in recent years, advances in microbiome studies, and the use of novel analytical and molecular techniques have allowed a deeper insight into their effects at the molecular level. This review summarizes the current knowledge of some of the molecules of probiotics and other intestinal commensal bacteria responsible for their immunomodulatory effect, focusing on those with more solid scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Delgado
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Dairy Research Institute of Asturias (IPLA)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain; (S.D.); (B.S.); (A.M.); (P.R.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, 33011 Asturias, Spain
| | - Borja Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Dairy Research Institute of Asturias (IPLA)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain; (S.D.); (B.S.); (A.M.); (P.R.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, 33011 Asturias, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Dairy Research Institute of Asturias (IPLA)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain; (S.D.); (B.S.); (A.M.); (P.R.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, 33011 Asturias, Spain
| | - Patricia Ruas-Madiedo
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Dairy Research Institute of Asturias (IPLA)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain; (S.D.); (B.S.); (A.M.); (P.R.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, 33011 Asturias, Spain
| | - Lorena Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Dairy Research Institute of Asturias (IPLA)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, Spain; (S.D.); (B.S.); (A.M.); (P.R.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, 33011 Asturias, Spain
- Correspondence:
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49
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Wu J, Ma N, Johnston LJ, Ma X. Dietary Nutrients Mediate Intestinal Host Defense Peptide Expression. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:92-102. [PMID: 31204774 PMCID: PMC7442325 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract is the shared locus of intestinal epithelial cells, immune cells, nutrient digestion and absorption, and microbial survival. The gut in animals faces continuous challenges in communicating with the external environment. Threats from endogenous imbalance and exogenous feeds, especially pathogens, could trigger a disorder of homeostasis, leading to intestinal disease and even systematic disease risk. As a part of the intestinal protective barrier, endogenous host defense peptides (HDPs) play multiple beneficial physiological roles in the gut mucosa. Moreover, enhancing endogenous HDPs is being developed as a new strategy for resisting pathogens and commensal microbes, and to maintain intestinal health and reduce antibiotic use. In recent years, multiple nutrients such as branched-chain amino acids, SCFAs, lactose, zinc, and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) have been reported to significantly increase HDP expression. Nutritional intervention has received more attention and is viewed as a promising means to defend against pathogenic infections and intestinal inflammation. The present review focuses on current discoveries surrounding HDP expression and nutritional regulation of mechanisms in the gut. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview, referable tactics, and novel opinions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lee J Johnston
- Swine Nutrition and Production, West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN, USA
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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50
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Wang J, Zhang W, Wang S, Liu H, Zhang D, Wang Y, Ji H. Swine-Derived Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Modulates Porcine Intestinal Endogenous Host Defense Peptide Synthesis Through TLR2/MAPK/AP-1 Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2691. [PMID: 31803195 PMCID: PMC6877743 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) have antimicrobial and immunoregulatory activities and are involved in epithelial innate immune defense. Dietary modulation of endogenous HDP synthesis is an effective way to boost the host innate immune system. This study aimed to investigate the role of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum strain ZLP001 in porcine HDP induction and the underlying mechanism. To this end, we evaluated the stimulatory effect of L. plantarum ZLP001 on HDP expression in piglet intestinal tissue in vivo and porcine IPEC-J2 cells and 3D4/31 cells in vitro, and we examined the underlying intracellular signaling pathway in IPEC-J2 cells. L. plantarum ZLP001 treatment increased the mRNA expression of jejunal and ileal HDPs in weaned piglets. In IPEC-J2 and 3D4/31 cells, L. plantarum ZLP001 stimulated HDP expression, but different HDP induction patterns were observed, with the various HDPs exhibiting different relative mRNA levels in each cell line. L. plantarum ZLP001 induced porcine HDP expression through toll-like receptor (TLR)2 recognition as evidenced by the fact that HDP expression was suppressed in TLR2-knockdown IPEC-J2 cells. Furthermore, we found that L. plantarum ZLP001 activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways, as indicated by enhanced phosphorylation of both ERK1/2 and JNK and the fact that HDP expression was suppressed upon inhibition of ERK1/2 and JNK. Furthermore, L. plantarum ZLP001 activated c-fos and c-jun transcription factor phosphorylation and activity. We conclude that L. plantarum ZLP001 induces porcine HDP expression in vivo and in vitro, and the induction seems to be regulated via TLR2 as well as the ERK1/2/JNK and c-jun/c-fos signaling pathways. Modulation of endogenous HDPs mediated by L. plantarum ZLP001 might be a promising approach to improving intestinal health and enhancing diarrhea resistance in weaning piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sixin Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yamin Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Ji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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