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Pathak CR, Luitel H, Utaaker KS, Khanal P. One-health approach on the future application of snails: a focus on snail-transmitted parasitic diseases. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:28. [PMID: 38082123 PMCID: PMC10713800 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Snails are fascinating molluscs with unique morphological and physiological adaptive features to cope with various environments. They have traditionally been utilized as food and feed sources in many regions of the world. The future exploitation of alternative nutrient sources, like snails, is likely to increase further. Snails, however, also serve as an intermediate host for several zoonotic parasites. A category of parasitic infections, known as snail-transmitted parasitic diseases (STPDs), is harmful to humans and animals and is mainly driven by various trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes. The environment plays a crucial role in transmitting these parasites, as suitable habitats and conditions can facilitate their growth and proliferation in snails. In light of diverse environmental settings and biologically categorized snail species, this review evaluates the dynamics of significant STPDs of zoological importance. Additionally, possible diagnostic approaches for the prevention of STPDs are highlighted. One-health measures must be considered when employing snails as an alternative food or feed source to ensure the safety of snail-based products and prevent any adverse effects on humans, animals, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chet Raj Pathak
- Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Nepal.
- Animal Science, Production and Welfare Division, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Skolegata 22, 7713, Steinkjer, Norway.
| | - Himal Luitel
- Center for Biotechnology, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Nepal
| | - Kjersti Selstad Utaaker
- Animal Science, Production and Welfare Division, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Skolegata 22, 7713, Steinkjer, Norway
| | - Prabhat Khanal
- Animal Science, Production and Welfare Division, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Skolegata 22, 7713, Steinkjer, Norway.
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2
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Malagoli D, Franchi N, Sacchi S. The Eco-Immunological Relevance of the Anti-Oxidant Response in Invasive Molluscs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1266. [PMID: 37371996 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are volatile and short-lived molecules playing important roles in several physiological functions, including immunity and physiological adaptation to unsuitable environmental conditions. In an eco-immunological view, the energetic costs associated with an advantageous metabolic apparatus able to cope with wide changes in environmental parameters, e.g., temperature range, water salinity or drought, could be further balanced by the advantages that this apparatus may also represent in other situations, e.g., during the immune response. This review provides an overview of molluscs included in the IUCN list of the worst invasive species, highlighting how their relevant capacity to manage ROS production during physiologically challenging situations can also be advantageously employed during the immune response. Current evidence suggests that a relevant capacity to buffer ROS action and their damaging consequences is advantageous in the face of both environmental and immunological challenges, and this may represent a trait for potential invasiveness. This should be considered in order to obtain or update information when investigating the potential of the invasiveness of emerging alien species, and also in view of ongoing climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Malagoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Franchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Sandro Sacchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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3
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Cen X, Liu B, Zhang G, Liu H, Yao G, He M, Liu W. Molecular identification of a novel antimicrobial peptide in giant Triton snail Charonia tritonis: mRNA profiles for tissues and its potential antibacterial activity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 136:108734. [PMID: 37028689 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an important role in innate immunity against microorganisms. AMPs is an effective antibacterial agent, and the chances of causing pathogens to develop is very low. However, there is little information about AMPs in the giant Triton snail Charonia tritonis. In this research, an antimicrobial peptide gene (termed Ct-20534) was identified in C. tritonis. The open reading frame of Ct-20534 is 381 bp in size and it encodes a basic peptide precursor containing 126 amino acids. Ct-20534 gene was found to be expressed in all five tissues examined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR), but the highest expression was found in the proboscis. This is the first report that antibacterial peptides have been found in C. tritonis, and it has been proved that Ct-20534 has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, among which the activity of Staphylococcus aureus is most significantly inhibited, this suggests that the newly discovered antimicrobial peptides in C. tritonis may play an important role in the immune system and bacterial resistance of C. tritonis. This study presents the discovery of a newly identified antibacterial peptide from C. tritonis, with its structural properties fully characterized and potent antibacterial activity confirmed. The results provide essential fundamental data for the development of preventive and therapeutic measures against aquatic animal diseases, which in turn can promote the sustainable and stable growth of the aquaculture industry and create economic benefits. Additionally, this research lays the foundation for future development of novel anti-infective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitong Cen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gege Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huiru Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, Department of Fishery Sciences, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Gaoyou Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Maoxian He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458, China
| | - Wenguang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458, China.
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4
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Young ND, Stroehlein AJ, Wang T, Korhonen PK, Mentink-Kane M, Stothard JR, Rollinson D, Gasser RB. Nuclear genome of Bulinus truncatus, an intermediate host of the carcinogenic human blood fluke Schistosoma haematobium. Nat Commun 2022; 13:977. [PMID: 35190553 PMCID: PMC8861042 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Some snails act as intermediate hosts (vectors) for parasitic flatworms (flukes) that cause neglected tropical diseases, such as schistosomiases. Schistosoma haematobium is a blood fluke that causes urogenital schistosomiasis and induces bladder cancer and increased risk of HIV infection. Understanding the molecular biology of the snail and its relationship with the parasite could guide development of an intervention approach that interrupts transmission. Here, we define the genome for a key intermediate host of S. haematobium—called Bulinus truncatus—and explore protein groups inferred to play an integral role in the snail’s biology and its relationship with the schistosome parasite. Bu. truncatus shared many orthologous protein groups with Biomphalaria glabrata—the key snail vector for S. mansoni which causes hepatointestinal schistosomiasis in people. Conspicuous were expansions in signalling and membrane trafficking proteins, peptidases and their inhibitors as well as gene families linked to immune response regulation, such as a large repertoire of lectin-like molecules. This work provides a sound basis for further studies of snail-parasite interactions in the search for targets to block schistosomiasis transmission. The snail Bulinus truncatus is an intermediate host of the carcinogenic human blood fluke Schistosoma haematobium. Here the authors report the genome of Bu. truncatus, explore protein groups inferred to play a role in its interaction with the schistosome parasite, and identify expansions in gene families linked to immune response regulation.
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5
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Cubillo-Martínez AA, Pereyra MA, Garfias Y, Guluarte C, Zenteno E, Sánchez-Salgado JL. Extracellular traps involved in invertebrate immune mechanisms. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:380-386. [PMID: 35045319 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The invertebrate immune system possesses a mechanism named extracellular traps (ETs), it has been identified that this mechanism immobilizes and kills pathogens. ETs formation induces modification of histones, chromatin decondensation, and mixes with granule molecules, releasing them into the extracellular space as a defense mechanism. In the present review, we provide an overview on the identification of triggering stimuli such as pathogens, PAMPs, DAMPs, and chemical stimuli, discuss the participation of potential signaling pathways involving MAPK, PI3K, PKC, and ERK molecules that lead to NADPH oxidase or mitochondrial ROS production, and explore the potential relationship with several proteins such as myeloperoxidase, heat sock proteins, peroxinectin, elastase, and apolipoproteins. Furthermore, we also discuss the association of ETs with other immune mechanisms that could collaborate in the elimination of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Alí Pereyra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yonathan Garfias
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico; Research Unit, Instituto de Oftalmología "Conde de Valenciana IAP", CP 06800, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Crystal Guluarte
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - José Luis Sánchez-Salgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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6
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Gorbushin AM. Identification of peptidoglycan recognition proteins in hemocytes and kidney of common periwinkle Littorinalittorea. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:11-14. [PMID: 34774730 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins (PGRPs) are a diverse group of proteins involved in innate immunity. In particular, PGRPs have been shown to participate in immune pattern recognition in various mollusks. However, they have not been described in Caenogastropoda, a large molluscan group comprising sea, freshwater and land snails. In this study, four short PGRPs with molecular weights ranging from 21 to 34 kDa and their isoforms were identified and structurally characterized in the kidney and hemocytic transcriptomes of a caenogastropod mollusk Littorina littorea. All of them (LlPGRP1-4) are secretory, possess a signal peptide and a characteristic N-terminal N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase (Ami) domain with conserved Zn2+ binding- and amidase catalytic sites. The shortest proteins, LlPGRP1 and LlPGRP2, have no additional conserved motifs on the N-terminus. In longer and most abundantly expressed LlPGRP3 and LlPGRP4 the Ami-domain is combined with an N-terminal SH3-domain and a cysteine-rich motif, respectively. Expression analysis showed that LlPGRPs of the common periwinkle were uninvolved in the immune response to infection with trematode Himasthla elongata though they might act in antibacterial defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Gorbushin
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry (IEPhB RAS), St Petersburg, Russia.
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7
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Zou Y, Xu X, Hu Q, Wang Y, Yang H, Zhang Z. Identification and diversity of fibrinogen-related protein (FREP) gene family in Haliotis discus hannai, H. rufescens, and H. laevigata and their responses to Vibrio parahemolyticus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:613-622. [PMID: 34740769 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) are distributed universally in vertebrates and invertebrates. These proteins contain fibrinogen-like (FBG) domains in their C-terminal region and involve in immune responses and other aspects of physiology in invertebrates. In this study, 54 proteins that contain FBG domains or a fibrinogen_c domain were identified in Haliotis discus hannai. Comparatively, 88 and 63 FREPs were identified from the genomes of H. rufescens and H. laevigata. Most FREPs of abalones had a conserved motif containing a bound calcium ion site and a second conserved motif containing a polymerization pocket site. By sequence analysis, 394 SNPs and 11 Indels were identified in 20 FREP genes of the whole genome of H. discus hannai; 992 SNPs and 42 Indels were found in 64 FREPs of H. rufescens, and 192 SNPs and 12 Indels were found in 21 FREPs of H. laevigata. Among these SNPs, 92 missense mutation sites were identified in 26 FREP genes of H. rufescens, and 12 were identified in 8 FREP genes of H. laevigata. Due to the poor genomic integrity, annotations of the SNPs or Indels in H. discus hannai did not yield missense mutant sites. FREP genes with polymorphisms were ubiquitously expressed in all the tested tissues; however, the expression is lowest in the hemolymph. In response to Vibrio parahemolyticus infection, expression of FREP genes was significantly upregulated at different exposure times in gills, hepatopancreas, and hemolymph in H. discus hannai. Overall, this study documented the FREP genes of abalones and shed light on the role of FREPs in the innate immune system of these aquaculture species for the prevention and control of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelian Zou
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qilin Hu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Huiping Yang
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, IFAS, University of Florida, 7922 NW 71st Street, Gainesville, FL, 32615, USA
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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8
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Mandujano-Tinoco EA, Sultan E, Ottolenghi A, Gershoni-Yahalom O, Rosental B. Evolution of Cellular Immunity Effector Cells; Perspective on Cytotoxic and Phagocytic Cellular Lineages. Cells 2021; 10:1853. [PMID: 34440622 PMCID: PMC8394812 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system has evolved to protect organisms from infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasitic pathogens. In addition, it provides regenerative capacities, tissue maintenance, and self/non-self recognition of foreign tissues. Phagocytosis and cytotoxicity are two prominent cellular immune activities positioned at the base of immune effector function in mammals. Although these immune mechanisms have diversified into a wide heterogeneous repertoire of effector cells, it appears that they share some common cellular and molecular features in all animals, but also some interesting convergent mechanisms. In this review, we will explore the current knowledge about the evolution of phagocytic and cytotoxic immune lineages against pathogens, in the clearance of damaged cells, for regeneration, for histocompatibility recognition, and in killing virally infected cells. To this end, we give different immune examples of multicellular organism models, ranging from the roots of bilateral organisms to chordate invertebrates, comparing to vertebrates' lineages. In this review, we compare cellular lineage homologies at the cellular and molecular levels. We aim to highlight and discuss the diverse function plasticity within the evolved immune effector cells, and even suggest the costs and benefits that it may imply for organisms with the meaning of greater defense against pathogens but less ability to regenerate damaged tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Ayerim Mandujano-Tinoco
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; (E.S.); (A.O.); (O.G.-Y.)
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue, Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco No. 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Eliya Sultan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; (E.S.); (A.O.); (O.G.-Y.)
| | - Aner Ottolenghi
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; (E.S.); (A.O.); (O.G.-Y.)
| | - Orly Gershoni-Yahalom
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; (E.S.); (A.O.); (O.G.-Y.)
| | - Benyamin Rosental
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; (E.S.); (A.O.); (O.G.-Y.)
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9
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Seppälä O, Çetin C, Cereghetti T, Feulner PGD, Adema CM. Examining adaptive evolution of immune activity: opportunities provided by gastropods in the age of 'omics'. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200158. [PMID: 33813886 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasites threaten all free-living organisms, including molluscs. Understanding the evolution of immune defence traits in natural host populations is crucial for predicting their long-term performance under continuous infection risk. Adaptive trait evolution requires that traits are subject to selection (i.e. contribute to organismal fitness) and that they are heritable. Despite broad interest in the evolutionary ecology of immune activity in animals, the understanding of selection on and evolutionary potential of immune defence traits is far from comprehensive. For instance, empirical observations are only rarely in line with theoretical predictions of immune activity being subject to stabilizing selection. This discrepancy may be because ecoimmunological studies can typically cover only a fraction of the complexity of an animal immune system. Similarly, molecular immunology/immunogenetics studies provide a mechanistic understanding of immunity, but neglect variation that arises from natural genetic differences among individuals and from environmental conditions. Here, we review the current literature on natural selection on and evolutionary potential of immune traits in animals, signal how merging ecological immunology and genomics will strengthen evolutionary ecological research on immunity, and indicate research opportunities for molluscan gastropods for which well-established ecological understanding and/or 'immune-omics' resources are already available. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Molluscan genomics: broad insights and future directions for a neglected phylum'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Seppälä
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Cansu Çetin
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Teo Cereghetti
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philine G D Feulner
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Coen M Adema
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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10
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Pinaud S, Tetreau G, Poteaux P, Galinier R, Chaparro C, Lassalle D, Portet A, Simphor E, Gourbal B, Duval D. New Insights Into Biomphalysin Gene Family Diversification in the Vector Snail Biomphalaria glabrata. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635131. [PMID: 33868258 PMCID: PMC8047071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerolysins initially characterized as virulence factors in bacteria are increasingly found in massive genome and transcriptome sequencing data from metazoans. Horizontal gene transfer has been demonstrated as the main way of aerolysin-related toxins acquisition in metazoans. However, only few studies have focused on their potential biological functions in such organisms. Herein, we present an extensive characterization of a multigene family encoding aerolysins - named biomphalysin - in Biomphalaria glabrata snail, the intermediate host of the trematode Schistosoma mansoni. Our results highlight that duplication and domestication of an acquired bacterial toxin gene in the snail genome result in the acquisition of a novel and diversified toxin family. Twenty-three biomphalysin genes were identified. All are expressed and exhibited a tissue-specific expression pattern. An in silico structural analysis was performed to highlight the central role played by two distinct domains i) a large lobe involved in the lytic function of these snail toxins which constrained their evolution and ii) a small lobe which is structurally variable between biomphalysin toxins and that matched to various functional domains involved in moiety recognition of targets cells. A functional approach suggests that the repertoire of biomphalysins that bind to pathogens, depends on the type of pathogen encountered. These results underline a neo-and sub-functionalization of the biomphalysin toxins, which have the potential to increase the range of effectors in the snail’s immune arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvain Pinaud
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France.,CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Guillaume Tetreau
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France.,CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Pierre Poteaux
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France.,CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Richard Galinier
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France.,CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Cristian Chaparro
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France.,CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Damien Lassalle
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France.,CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Anaïs Portet
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France.,CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Elodie Simphor
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France.,CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Benjamin Gourbal
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France.,CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - David Duval
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France.,CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France
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11
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Schultz JH, Bu L, Kamel B, Adema CM. RNA-seq: The early response of the snail Physella acuta to the digenetic trematode Echinostoma paraensei. J Parasitol 2021; 106:490-505. [PMID: 32726421 DOI: 10.1645/19-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To analyze the response of the snail Physella acuta to Echinostoma paraensei, a compatible digenetic trematode, Illumina RNA-seq data were collected from snails with early infection (5 snails at 2 days post-exposure [DPE]) and established infection (4 snails, 8 DPE), and 7 control (unexposed) snails. A reference transcriptome (325,563 transcripts, including 98% of eukaryotic universal single-copy orthologs; BUSCO) and a draft P. acuta genome (employing available genomic Illumina reads; 799,945 scaffolds, includes 88% BUSCO genes) were assembled to guide RNA-seq analyses. Parasite exposure of P. acuta led to 10,195 differentially expressed (DE) genes at 2 DPE and 8,876 DE genes at 8 DPE with only 18% of up-regulated and 22% of down-regulated sequences shared between these time points. Gene ontology (GO) analysis yielded functional annotation of only 1.2% of DE genes but did not indicate major changes in biological activities of P. acuta between 2 and 8 DPE. Increased insights were achieved by analysis of expression profiles of 460 immune-relevant DE transcripts, identified by BLAST and InterProScan. Physella acuta has expanded gene families that encode immune-relevant domains, including CD109/TEP, GTPase IMAP, Limulus agglutination factor (dermatopontin), FReD (≥82 sequences with fibrinogen-related domains), and transcripts that combine C-type lectin (C-LECT) and C1q domains, novel among metazoa. Notably, P. acuta expressed sequences from these immune gene families at all time points, but the assemblages of unique transcripts from particular immune gene families differed between 2 and 8 DPE. The shift in profiles of DE immune genes, from early exposure to parasite establishment, suggests that compatible P. acuta initially respond to infection but switch to express immune genes that likely are less effective against E. paraensei but counter other types of (opportunistic) pathogens and parasites. We propose that the latter expression profile is part of an extended phenotype of E. paraensei, imposed upon P. acuta through parasite manipulation of the host, following successful parasite establishment in the snail after 2 DPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Schultz
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Lijing Bu
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Bishoy Kamel
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Coen M Adema
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
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Lima MG, Augusto RDC, Pinheiro J, Thiengo SC. Physiology and immunity of the invasive giant African snail, Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica, intermediate host of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:103579. [PMID: 31877327 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most successful invasive land snail species, Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica Bowdich, 1822 has achieved wide global distribution, particularly in (sub)tropical regions, with further dispersal likely due to climate change. This species of giant African snails (up to 17 cm shell length) is a pest that has extensive negative impact on agriculture and can serve as vector for several parasites, including Angiostrongylus cantonensis, a nematode parasite that causes (human) eosinophilic meningitis, an emergent disease. Investigation showed that A. cantonensis infection negatively impacts the metabolism of A. fulica by depleting polysaccharide stores of the intermediate host, compromising the energy balance of the snail. A review of the literature indicates that A. fulica possesses potent innate type immune defenses to counter infection, including phagocytic hemocytes capable of deploying reactive oxygen species and lectins for non-self recognition, a serine protease-dependent coagulation response (not observed in other taxa of gastropods), as well as antimicrobial proteins including achacin, an antimicrobial protein. A recent chromosome level genome assembly will facilitate progressively detailed characterization of these immune features of A. fulica. We strongly encourage further immunological studies of A. fulica, ranging from organismal level to molecular biology to gain better understanding of the A. fulica internal defense response to nematode pathogens like A. cantonensis and the contribution of immune function to the invasiveness of (snail) species. Characterization of immunity of A. fulica, representing the understudied Stylommatophora (panpulmonate landsnails) will also broaden the comparative immunology of Gastropoda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Lima
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Esquistossomose - Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Área de Biofísica, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal, Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Ronaldo de C Augusto
- UMR 5244 Univ Perpignan via Domitia-CNRS-IFREMER-Univ Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathògenes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan via Domitia, France.
| | - Jairo Pinheiro
- Área de Biofísica, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal, Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Silvana C Thiengo
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Esquistossomose - Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Castillo MG, Humphries JE, Mourão MM, Marquez J, Gonzalez A, Montelongo CE. Biomphalaria glabrata immunity: Post-genome advances. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:103557. [PMID: 31759924 PMCID: PMC8995041 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater snail, Biomphalaria glabrata, is an important intermediate host in the life cycle for the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent of schistosomiasis. Current treatment and prevention strategies have not led to a significant decrease in disease transmission. However, the genome of B. glabrata was recently sequenced to provide additional resources to further our understanding of snail biology. This review presents an overview of recently published, post-genome studies related to the topic of snail immunity. Many of these reports expand on findings originated from the genome characterization. These novel studies include a complementary gene linkage map, analysis of the genome of the B. glabrata embryonic (Bge) cell line, as well as transcriptomic and proteomic studies looking at snail-parasite interactions and innate immune memory responses towards schistosomes. Also included are biochemical investigations on snail pheromones, neuropeptides, and attractants, as well as studies investigating the frontiers of molluscan epigenetics and cell signaling were also included. Findings support the current hypotheses on snail-parasite strain compatibility, and that snail host resistance to schistosome infection is dependent not only on genetics and expression, but on the ability to form multimeric molecular complexes in a timely and tissue-specific manner. The relevance of cell immunity is reinforced, while the importance of humoral factors, especially for secondary infections, is supported. Overall, these studies reflect an improved understanding on the diversity, specificity, and complexity of molluscan immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Castillo
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
| | | | - Marina M Mourão
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Minas, Brazil
| | - Joshua Marquez
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Adrian Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Cesar E Montelongo
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
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Ferro K, Peuß R, Yang W, Rosenstiel P, Schulenburg H, Kurtz J. Experimental evolution of immunological specificity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20598-20604. [PMID: 31548373 PMCID: PMC6789748 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904828116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory and specificity are hallmarks of the adaptive immune system. Contrary to prior belief, innate immune systems can also provide forms of immune memory, such as immune priming in invertebrates and trained immunity in vertebrates. Immune priming can even be specific but differs remarkably in cellular and molecular functionality from the well-studied adaptive immune system of vertebrates. To date, it is unknown whether and how the level of specificity in immune priming can adapt during evolution in response to natural selection. We tested the evolution of priming specificity in an invertebrate model, the beetle Tribolium castaneum Using controlled evolution experiments, we selected beetles for either specific or unspecific immune priming toward the bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens, Lactococcus lactis, and 4 strains of the entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis After 14 generations of host selection, specificity of priming was not universally higher in the lines selected for specificity, but rather depended on the bacterium used for priming and challenge. The insect pathogen B. thuringiensis induced the strongest priming effect. Differences between the evolved populations were mirrored in the transcriptomic response, revealing involvement of immune, metabolic, and transcription-modifying genes. Finally, we demonstrate that the induction strength of a set of differentially expressed immune genes predicts the survival probability of the evolved lines upon infection. We conclude that high specificity of immune priming can evolve rapidly for certain bacteria, most likely due to changes in the regulation of immune genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ferro
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85704
| | - Robert Peuß
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Wentao Yang
- Zoological Institute, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hinrich Schulenburg
- Zoological Institute, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Joachim Kurtz
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
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Gorbushin AM. Derivatives of the lectin complement pathway in Lophotrochozoa. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:35-58. [PMID: 30682446 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of non-overlapping immune molecular mechanisms in metazoans is the most puzzling issue in comparative immunobiology. No valid evolutionary retrospective on these mechanisms has been developed. In this study, we aimed to reveal the origin and evolution of the immune complement-like system in Lophotrochozoa. For this, we analyzed publicly available transcriptomes of prebilaterian and lophotrochozoan species, mapping lineage-specific molecular events on the phylogenetic tree. We found that there were no orthologs of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolins (FCN) in Lophotrochozoa but C1q-like proteins (C1qL), bearing both a collagen domain and a globular C1q domain, were omnipresent in them. This suggests that among all complement-like activators the C1qL-specific domain architecture was an evolutionarily first. Two novel protostomian MASP-Related Molecules, MReM1 and MReM2, might hypothetically compensate for the loss of a prebilaterian MASP-orthologous gene and act in complex with C1qL and C1qDC as a "proto-activator" of an ancient "proto-complement". We proposed a new model of the complement evolution predicting that numerous lineage-specific complement-like systems should have evolved from a stem "antique" molecular complex. First evolved in the common ancestor of coelomic animals, the "antique" humoral complex consisted of a TEP molecule, the common ancestor of TEP-associated proteases (C2/Bf/Сf/Lf), the common ancestor of MASP-like proteases (MASP/C1r/C1s, MReM1/MReM2) and multimeric recognition proteins (C1q-, MBL- and FCN-homologs). Further evolutionary specialization and expansion of the complex was independent and lineage-specific, examples being the mammalian complement system and the Apogastropoda complement-like complex. The latter includes an impressive array of multimeric recognition proteins, the variable immunoglobulin and lectin domain containing molecules (VIgL), homologous to C1q, MBL, FCN and other lectins. Four novel polymorphic subfamilies of VIgLs were found to be expressed in Apogastropoda: C1q-related proteins (QREP), zona pellucida-related proteins (ZREP), Scavenger Receptor Cys-Rich-related proteins (SREP) and HPA-lectin related proteins (HREP). The transcriptional response of fibrinogen-related proteins of VIgL family (LlFREP), LlQREP and LlSREP to infestation of common periwinkle, Littorina littorea, with digenean parasite Himasthla elongata correlates with that of LlMReM1, supporting the model suggested in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Gorbushin
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry (IEPhB RAS), Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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