1
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Xia L, Jiang JH, Liu JY, Zhang TY, Dong YX, Liu QH, Chai YF, Liu YC, Shou ST. H-151 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting the STING-TBK1 pathway. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2363591. [PMID: 38856314 PMCID: PMC11168233 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2363591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe systemic infectious disease that often leads to multi-organ dysfunction. One of the common and serious complications of sepsis is renal injury. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential mechanistic role of a novel compound called H-151 in septic kidney injury. We also examined its impact on renal function and mouse survival rates. Initially, we confirmed abnormal activation of the STING-TBK1 signaling pathway in the kidneys of septic mice. Subsequently, we treated the mice with H-151 and observed significant improvement in sepsis-induced renal dysfunction. This was evidenced by reductions in blood creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, as well as a marked decrease in inflammatory cytokine levels. Furthermore, H-151 substantially improved the seven-day survival rate of septic mice, indicating its therapeutic potential. Importantly, H-151 also exhibited an inhibitory effect on renal apoptosis levels, further highlighting its mechanism of protecting against septic kidney injury. These study findings not only offer new insights into the treatment of septic renal injury but also provide crucial clues for further investigations into the regulatory mechanisms of the STING-TBK1 signaling pathway and potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia-hui Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie-yu Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tian-yi Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-xin Dong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi-hui Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Fen Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-cun Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Song-tao Shou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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2
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Tolaney SM, DeMichele A, Takano T, Rugo HS, Perou C, Lynce F, Parsons HA, Santa-Maria CA, Rocque GB, Yao W, Sun SW, Mocci S, Partridge AH, Carey LA. OptimICE-RD: sacituzumab govitecan + pembrolizumab vs pembrolizumab (± capecitabine) for residual triple-negative breast cancer. Future Oncol 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38922307 DOI: 10.1080/14796694.2024.2357534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with residual invasive disease after neoadjuvant therapy have a high risk of recurrence even with neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment with pembrolizumab. Sacituzumab govitecan, a Trop-2-directed antibody-drug conjugate with a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload, improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) versus chemotherapy in patients with pre-treated metastatic TNBC. Moreover, preclinical data suggest that topoisomerase I inhibitors may enhance the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors through activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. Here we describe the international randomized phase III AFT-65/ASCENT-05/OptimICE-RD trial, which evaluates the efficacy and safety of sacituzumab govitecan plus pembrolizumab versus treatment of physician's choice (pembrolizumab ± capecitabine) among patients with early-stage TNBC with residual invasive disease after neoadjuvant therapy.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05633654 (ClinicalTrials.gov)Other Study ID Number(s): Gilead Study ID: GS-US-595-6184Registration date: 1 December 2022Study start date: 12 December 2022Recruitment status: Recruiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Tolaney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215,USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Angela DeMichele
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Toshimi Takano
- The Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR, Koto City, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Hope S Rugo
- University of California Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Charles Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Filipa Lynce
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215,USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Heather Anne Parsons
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215,USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Wenliang Yao
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | - Shawn W Sun
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | | | - Ann H Partridge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215,USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lisa A Carey
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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3
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Xie W, Zhang L, Shen J, Lai F, Han W, Liu X. Knockdown of CENPM activates cGAS-STING pathway to inhibit ovarian cancer by promoting pyroptosis. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:551. [PMID: 38693472 PMCID: PMC11064423 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to screen novel gene signatures for ovarian cancer (OC) and explore the role of biomarkers in OC via regulating pyroptosis using bioinformatics analysis. METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of OC were screened from GSE12470 and GSE16709 datasets. Hub genes were determined from protein-protein interaction networks after bioinformatics analysis. The role of Centromeric protein M (CENPM) in OC was assessed by subcutaneous tumor experiment using hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining. Tumor metastasis was evaluated by detecting epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins. The proliferation, migration, and invasion were determined using cell counting kit and transwell assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to measure inflammatory factors. The mRNA and protein expression were detected using real-time quantitative PCR and western blot. RESULTS We determined 9 hub genes (KIFC1, PCLAF, CDCA5, KNTC1, MCM3, OIP5, CENPM, KIF15, and ASF1B) with high prediction value for OC. In SKOV3 and A2780 cells, the expression levels of hub genes were significantly up-regulated, compared with normal ovarian cells. CENPM was selected as a key gene. Knockdown of CENPM suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of OC cells. Subcutaneous tumor experiment revealed that CENPM knockdown significantly suppressed tumor growth and metastasis. Additionally, pyroptosis was promoted in OC cells and xenograft tumors after CENPM knockdown. Furthermore, CENPM knockdown activated cGAS-STING pathway and the pathway inhibitor reversed the inhibitory effect of CENPM knockdown on viability, migration, and invasion of OC cells. CONCLUSION CENPM was a novel biomarker of OC, and knockdown of CENPM inhibited OC progression by promoting pyroptosis and activating cGAS-STING pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qingnian Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China
| | - Leiying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qingnian Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China
| | - Junjing Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qingnian Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China
| | - Fengdi Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qingnian Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China
| | - Wenling Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qingnian Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qingnian Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China.
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4
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Wang P, Wang Y, Li H, Wang M, Wang Y, Wang X, Ran L, Xin H, Ma J, Tian G, Gao W, Zhang G. A homologous-targeting cGAS-STING agonist multimodally activates dendritic cells for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Acta Biomater 2024; 177:400-413. [PMID: 38336268 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we developed a doxorubicin (Dox)-loaded and 4T1 cancer cell membrane-modified hydrogenated manganese oxide nanoparticles (mHMnO-Dox) to elicit systemic antitumor immune responses. The results revealed that mHMnO-Dox actively recognized tumor cells and then effectively delivered Dox into the cells. Upon entering tumor cells, the mHMnO-Dox underwent rapid degradation and abundant release of Mn2+ and chemotherapeutic drugs. The released Mn2+ not only catalysed a Fenton-type reaction to produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also activated the cGAS-STING pathway to boost dendritic cell (DC) maturation. This process increased cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration as well as natural killer cell recruitment into the tumor site. In addition, the released Dox could contribute to a chemotherapeutic effect, while activating DC cells and subsequently intensifying immune responses through immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells. Consequently, the mHMnO-Dox suppressed the primary and distal tumor growth and inhibited tumor relapse and metastasis, as well as prolonged the lifespan of tumor-bearing mice. Thus, the mHMnO-Dox multimodally activated DC cells to demonstrate synergistic antitumor activity, which was mediated via the activation of the cGAS-STING signalling pathway to regulate tumor microenvironment, ICD-mediated immunotherapy and ROS-mediated CDT. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of mHMnO-Dox in cancer immunotherapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A cancer cell membrane-camouflaged hydrogenated mesoporous manganese oxide (mHMnO) has been developed as a cGAS-STING agonist and ICD inducer. The mHMnO effectively induced abundance of ROS production in cancer cells, which caused cancer cell death and then promoted DC maturation via tumour-associated antigen presentation. Meanwhile, the mHMnO significantly activated cGAS-STING pathway to facilitate DC maturation and cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration as well as natural killer cell recruitment, which further enhanced tumour immune response. In addition, the combination of the mHMnO and Dox could synergistically promote tumour ICD and then multimodally induce DC maturation, achieving an enhanced CIT. Overall, this study provides a potential strategy to design novel immunologic adjuvant for enhanced CIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Yinfeng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Huimin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Lang Ran
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Huan Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Jingyi Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Geng Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China.
| | - Guilong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China.
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5
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Guo X, Yang L, Wang J, Wu Y, Li Y, Du L, Li L, Fang Z, Zhang X. The cytosolic DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway in neurodegenerative diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14671. [PMID: 38459658 PMCID: PMC10924111 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the widespread prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and high rates of mortality and disability, it is imminent to find accurate targets for intervention. There is growing evidence that neuroimmunity is pivotal in the pathology of NDs and that interventions targeting neuroimmunity hold great promise. Exogenous or dislocated nucleic acids activate the cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), activating the stimulator of interferon genes (STING). The activated STING triggers innate immune responses and then the cGAS-STING signaling pathway links abnormal nucleic acid sensing to the immune response. Recently, numerous studies have shown that neuroinflammation regulated by cGAS-STING signaling plays an essential role in NDs. AIMS In this review, we summarized the mechanism of cGAS-STING signaling in NDs and focused on inhibitors targeting cGAS-STING. CONCLUSION The cGAS-STING signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of NDs. Inhibiting the cGAS-STING signaling may provide new measures in the treatment of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityChina
- Department of Intensive Care UnitJoint Logistics Force No. 988 HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityChina
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityChina
| | - You Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityChina
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityChina
| | - Lixia Du
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityChina
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityChina
| | - Zongping Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityChina
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityShaanxiChina
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain‐Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xijing Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityChina
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6
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Peng Q, Wang X, Xiao X, Shi K. Nanomaterial-mediated modulation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Acta Biomater 2024; 176:51-76. [PMID: 38237711 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Despite the current promise of immunotherapy, many cancer patients still suffer from challenges such as poor immune response rates, resulting in unsatisfactory clinical efficacy of existing therapies. There is an urgent need to combine emerging biomedical discoveries and innovations in traditional therapies. Modulation of the cGAS-STING signalling pathway represents an important innate immunotherapy pathway that serves as a crucial DNA sensing mechanism in innate immunity and viral defense. It has attracted increasing attention as an emerging target for cancer therapy. The recent advancements in nanotechnology have led to the significant utilization of nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy, owing to their exceptional physicochemical properties such as large specific surface area and efficient permeability. Given the rapid development of cancer immunotherapy driven by the cGAS-STING activation, this study reviews the latest research progress in employing nanomaterials to modulate this signaling pathway. Based on the introduction of the main activation mechanisms of cGAS-STING pathway, this review focuses on nanomaterials that mediate the agonists involved and effectively activate this signaling pathway. In addition, combination nanotherapeutics based on the activation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway are also discussed, including emerging strategies combining nanoformulated agonists with chemotherapy, radiotherapy as well as other immunomodulation in tumor targeting therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Given the rapid development of cancer immunotherapy driven by the cGAS / STING activation, this study reviews the latest research advances in the use of nanomaterials to modulate this signaling pathway. Based on the introduction of key cGAS-STING components and their activation mechanisms, this review focuses on nanomaterials that can mediate the corresponding agonists and effectively activate this signaling pathway. In addition, combination nanotherapies based on the activation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway are also discussed, including emerging strategies combining nanoformulated agonists with chemotherapy, radiotherapy as well as immunomodulation in cancer therapy,.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yunmeng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Qikai Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Xiyue Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Kai Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
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7
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Leone P, Malerba E, Susca N, Favoino E, Perosa F, Brunori G, Prete M, Racanelli V. Endothelial cells in tumor microenvironment: insights and perspectives. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1367875. [PMID: 38426109 PMCID: PMC10902062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1367875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a highly complex and dynamic mixture of cell types, including tumor, immune and endothelial cells (ECs), soluble factors (cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors), blood vessels and extracellular matrix. Within this complex network, ECs are not only relevant for controlling blood fluidity and permeability, and orchestrating tumor angiogenesis but also for regulating the antitumor immune response. Lining the luminal side of vessels, ECs check the passage of molecules into the tumor compartment, regulate cellular transmigration, and interact with both circulating pathogens and innate and adaptive immune cells. Thus, they represent a first-line defense system that participates in immune responses. Tumor-associated ECs are involved in T cell priming, activation, and proliferation by acting as semi-professional antigen presenting cells. Thus, targeting ECs may assist in improving antitumor immune cell functions. Moreover, tumor-associated ECs contribute to the development at the tumor site of tertiary lymphoid structures, which have recently been associated with enhanced response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). When compared to normal ECs, tumor-associated ECs are abnormal in terms of phenotype, genetic expression profile, and functions. They are characterized by high proliferative potential and the ability to activate immunosuppressive mechanisms that support tumor progression and metastatic dissemination. A complete phenotypic and functional characterization of tumor-associated ECs could be helpful to clarify their complex role within the tumor microenvironment and to identify EC specific drug targets to improve cancer therapy. The emerging therapeutic strategies based on the combination of anti-angiogenic treatments with immunotherapy strategies, including ICI, CAR T cells and bispecific antibodies aim to impact both ECs and immune cells to block angiogenesis and at the same time to increase recruitment and activation of effector cells within the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Leone
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Malerba
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-(DiMePRe-J), Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Susca
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Elvira Favoino
- Rheumatic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Federico Perosa
- Rheumatic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuliano Brunori
- Centre for Medical Sciences, University of Trento and Nephrology and Dialysis Division, Santa Chiara Hospital, Provincial Health Care Agency (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - Marcella Prete
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Centre for Medical Sciences, University of Trento and Internal Medicine Division, Santa Chiara Hospital, Provincial Health Care Agency (APSS), Trento, Italy
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8
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Eglenen-Polat B, Kowash RR, Huang HC, Siteni S, Zhu M, Chen K, Bender ME, Mender I, Stastny V, Drapkin BJ, Raj P, Minna JD, Xu L, Shay JW, Akbay EA. A telomere-targeting drug depletes cancer initiating cells and promotes anti-tumor immunity in small cell lung cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:672. [PMID: 38253555 PMCID: PMC10803750 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
There are few effective treatments for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) underscoring the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. This study focuses on exploiting telomerase, a critical SCLC dependency as a therapeutic target. A prominent characteristic of SCLC is their reliance on telomerase activity, a key enzyme essential for their continuous proliferation. Here we utilize a nucleoside analog, 6-Thio-2'-deoxyguanosine (6TdG) currently in phase II clinical trials, that is preferentially incorporated by telomerase into telomeres leading to telomere dysfunction. Using preclinical mouse and human derived models we find low intermittent doses of 6TdG inhibit tumor growth and reduce metastatic burden. Anti-tumor efficacy correlates with a reduction in a subpopulation of cancer initiating like cells (CICs) identified by their expression of L1CAM/CD133 and highest telomerase activity. 6TdG treatment also leads to activation of innate and adaptive anti-tumor responses. Mechanistically, 6TdG depletes CICs and induces type-I interferon signaling leading to tumor immune visibility by activating tumor cell STING signaling. We also observe increased sensitivity to irradiation after 6TdG treatment in both syngeneic and humanized SCLC xenograft models both of which are dependent on the presence of host immune cells. This study underscores the immune-enhancing and metastasis-reducing effects of 6TdG, employing a range of complementary in vitro and in vivo SCLC preclinical models providing a potential therapeutic approach to SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buse Eglenen-Polat
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ryan R Kowash
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hai-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Silvia Siteni
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mingrui Zhu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kenian Chen
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population & Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matthew E Bender
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ilgen Mender
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Victor Stastny
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin J Drapkin
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Prithvi Raj
- Department of Immunology and Microbiome Research Laboratory University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Esra A Akbay
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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9
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Chen X, Xu Z, Li T, Thakur A, Wen Y, Zhang K, Liu Y, Liang Q, Liu W, Qin JJ, Yan Y. Nanomaterial-encapsulated STING agonists for immune modulation in cancer therapy. Biomark Res 2024; 12:2. [PMID: 38185685 PMCID: PMC10773049 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The cGAS-STING signaling pathway has emerged as a critical mediator of innate immune responses, playing a crucial role in improving antitumor immunity through immune effector responses. Targeting the cGAS-STING pathway holds promise for overcoming immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TME) and promoting effective tumor elimination. However, systemic administration of current STING agonists faces challenges related to low bioavailability and potential adverse effects, thus limiting their clinical applicability. Recently, nanotechnology-based strategies have been developed to modulate TMEs for robust immunotherapeutic responses. The encapsulation and delivery of STING agonists within nanoparticles (STING-NPs) present an attractive avenue for antitumor immunotherapy. This review explores a range of nanoparticles designed to encapsulate STING agonists, highlighting their benefits, including favorable biocompatibility, improved tumor penetration, and efficient intracellular delivery of STING agonists. The review also summarizes the immunomodulatory impacts of STING-NPs on the TME, including enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, dendritic cell activation, cytotoxic T cell priming, macrophage re-education, and vasculature normalization. Furthermore, the review offers insights into co-delivered nanoplatforms involving STING agonists alongside antitumor agents such as chemotherapeutic compounds, immune checkpoint inhibitors, antigen peptides, and other immune adjuvants. These platforms demonstrate remarkable versatility in inducing immunogenic responses within the TME, ultimately amplifying the potential for antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tongfei Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yu Wen
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Furong Laboratory, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuju Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wangrui Liu
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200127, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310022, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Jeon MJ, Lee H, Jo S, Kang M, Jeong JH, Jeong SH, Lee JY, Song GY, Choo H, Lee S, Kim H. Discovery of novel amidobenzimidazole derivatives as orally available small molecule modulators of stimulator of interferon genes for cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115834. [PMID: 37862818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists show promise as immunomodulatory agents for cancer therapy. In this study, we report the discovery of a novel orally available STING agonist, SAP-04, that exhibits potent immunomodulatory effects for cancer therapy. By optimizing the amidobenzimidazole core with various pyridine-based heterocyclic substituents, we identified a monomeric variant that displayed more efficient STING agonistic activity than the corresponding dimer. SAP-04 efficiently induced cytokine secretion related to innate immunity by directly binding of the compound to the STING protein, followed by sequential signal transduction for the STING signaling pathway and type I interferon (IFN) responses. Further pharmacological validation in vitro and in vivo demonstrated the potential utility of SAP-04 as an immunomodulatory agent for cancer therapy in vivo. The in vivo anticancer effect was observed in a 4T1 breast tumor syngeneic mouse model through oral administration of the compound. Our findings suggest a possible strategy for developing synthetically accessible monomeric variants as orally available STING agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jae Jeon
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyelim Lee
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongman Jo
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Miso Kang
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Jeong
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyeon Jeong
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Lee
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Yong Song
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunah Choo
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Lee
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department for HY-KIST Bio-convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Elahi R, Hozhabri S, Moradi A, Siahmansouri A, Jahani Maleki A, Esmaeilzadeh A. Targeting the cGAS-STING pathway as an inflammatory crossroad in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023; 45:639-649. [PMID: 37335770 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2215405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE The emerging pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has imposed significant mortality and morbidity on the world. An appropriate immune response is necessary to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 spread throughout the body. RESULTS During the early stages of infection, the pathway of stimulators of interferon genes (STING), known as the cGAS-STING pathway, has a significant role in the induction of the antiviral immune response by regulating nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), two key pathways responsible for proinflammatory cytokines and type I IFN secretion, respectively. DISCUSSION During the late stages of COVID-19, the uncontrolled inflammatory responses, also known as cytokine storm, lead to the progression of the disease and poor prognosis. Hyperactivity of STING, leading to elevated titers of proinflammatory cytokines, including Interleukin-I (IL-1), IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, and tissue necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), is considered one of the primary mechanisms contributing to the cytokine storm in COVID-19. CONCLUSION Exploring the underlying molecular processes involved in dysregulated inflammation can bring up novel anti-COVID-19 therapeutic options. In this article, we aim to discuss the role and current studies targeting the cGAS/STING signaling pathway in both early and late stages of COVID-19 and COVID-19-related complications and the therapeutic potential of STING agonists/antagonists. Furthermore, STING agonists have been discussed as a vaccine adjuvant to induce a potent and persistent immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Elahi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Salar Hozhabri
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Moradi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Amir Siahmansouri
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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12
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El-Deeb OS, Hafez YM, Eltokhy AK, Awad MM, El-shaer RAA, Abdel Ghafar MT, Atef MM. Stimulator of interferon genes/Interferon regulatory factor 3 (STING-IRF3) and inflammasome-activation mediated pyroptosis biomarkers: a network of integrated pathways in diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1471-1480. [PMID: 37975106 PMCID: PMC10638254 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is serious diabetic complication affecting the structure and function of the kidney. This study assessed the stimulator of interferon genes/ Interferon regulatory factor 3 (STING/IRF3) signaling pathway roles and inflammasome-activation mediated pyroptosis, being imperative pathways of inordinate importance in disease progression, in DN throughout its different stages. Methods 45 Diabetic cases were categorized into three groups based on their albuminuric status as follow: Normoalbuminuric, Microalbuminuric and Macroalbuminuric diabetic groups and 15 healthy subjects as controls were included. We evaluated STING and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions from whole blood using quantitative RT-PCR. Additionally, Serum levels of STING, AIM2, IRF3, Nod like receptor pyrins-3 (NLRP3), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and caspase-1 were assessed by ELISA technique. Results The study documented that STING and AIM2 mRNA expressions had significantly increased in DN cases with highest value in macroalbuminuric diabetic groups (p < 0.001*). Parallel results were observed concerning serum STING, AIM2, IRF3, NLRP3, Caspase-1 in addition to IL-1β levels (p < 0.001*). Conclusion The study documented the forthcoming role of STING in DN progression and its positive correlation with inflammasome-activation mediated pyroptosis biomarkers throughout its three different stages; launching new horizons in DN pathogenesis by highlighting its role as a reliable prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Safwat El-Deeb
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El Geesh Street, Tanta, 31511 Egypt
| | - Yasser Mostafa Hafez
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amira Kamel Eltokhy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El Geesh Street, Tanta, 31511 Egypt
| | - Marwa Mahmoud Awad
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | | | - Marwa Mohamed Atef
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El Geesh Street, Tanta, 31511 Egypt
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13
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Huang C, Shao N, Huang Y, Chen J, Wang D, Hu G, Zhang H, Luo L, Xiao Z. Overcoming challenges in the delivery of STING agonists for cancer immunotherapy: A comprehensive review of strategies and future perspectives. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100839. [PMID: 38024837 PMCID: PMC10630661 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) agonists have emerged as promising agents in the field of cancer immunotherapy, owing to their excellent capacity to activate the innate immune response and combat tumor-induced immunosuppression. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the strategies employed to develop effective formulations for STING agonists, with particular emphasis on versatile nano-delivery systems. The recent advancements in delivery systems based on lipids, natural/synthetic polymers, and proteins for STING agonists are summarized. The preparation methodologies of nanoprecipitation, self-assembly, and hydrogel, along with their advantages and disadvantages, are also discussed. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities in developing next-generation STING agonist delivery systems are elaborated. This review aims to serve as a reference for researchers in designing novel and effective STING agonist delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiqing Huang
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Ni Shao
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yanyu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Jifeng Chen
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Duo Wang
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Genwen Hu
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Interventional Vascular Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Dongguan, 523560, China
| | - Liangping Luo
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zeyu Xiao
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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14
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Xie W, Lama L, Yang X, Kuryavyi V, Bhattacharya S, Nudelman I, Yang G, Ouerfelli O, Glickman JF, Jones RA, Tuschl T, Patel DJ. Arabinose- and xylose-modified analogs of 2',3'-cGAMP act as STING agonists. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1366-1376.e7. [PMID: 37536341 PMCID: PMC10808274 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists are promising candidates for vaccine adjuvants and antitumor immune stimulants. The most potent natural agonist of STING, 2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (2',3'-cGAMP), is subject to nuclease-mediated inherent metabolic instability, thereby placing limits on its clinical efficacy. Here, we report on a new class of chemically synthesized sugar-modified analogs of 2',3'-cGAMP containing arabinose and xylose sugar derivatives that bind mouse and human STING alleles with high affinity. The co-crystal structures demonstrate that such analogs act as 2',3'-cGAMP mimetics that induce the "closed" conformation of human STING. These analogs show significant resistance to hydrolysis mediated by ENPP1 and increased stability in human serum, while retaining similar potency as 2',3'-cGAMP at inducing IFN-β secretion from human THP1 cells. The arabinose- and xylose-modified 2',3'-cGAMP analogs open a new strategy for overcoming the inherent nuclease-mediated vulnerability of natural ribose cyclic nucleotides, with the additional benefit of high translational potential as cancer therapeutics and vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lodoe Lama
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xuejing Yang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vitaly Kuryavyi
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Ilona Nudelman
- High-Throughput and Spectroscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Guangli Yang
- Organic Synthesis Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ouathek Ouerfelli
- Organic Synthesis Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J Fraser Glickman
- High-Throughput and Spectroscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Roger A Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Thomas Tuschl
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Dinshaw J Patel
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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15
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Jekle A, Thatikonda SK, Jaisinghani R, Ren S, Kinkade A, Stevens SK, Stoycheva A, Rajwanshi VK, Williams C, Deval J, Mukherjee S, Zhang Q, Chanda S, Smith DB, Blatt LM, Symons JA, Gonzalvez F, Beigelman L. Tumor Regression upon Intratumoral and Subcutaneous Dosing of the STING Agonist ALG-031048 in Mouse Efficacy Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16274. [PMID: 38003463 PMCID: PMC10671074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists have shown potent anti-tumor efficacy in various mouse tumor models and have the potential to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) by linking the innate and acquired immune systems. First-generation STING agonists are administered intratumorally; however, a systemic delivery route would greatly expand the clinical use of STING agonists. Biochemical and cell-based experiments, as well as syngeneic mouse efficacy models, were used to demonstrate the anti-tumoral activity of ALG-031048, a novel STING agonist. In vitro, ALG-031048 is highly stable in plasma and liver microsomes and is resistant to degradation via phosphodiesterases. The high stability in biological matrices translated to good cellular potency in a HEK 293 STING R232 reporter assay, efficient activation and maturation of primary human dendritic cells and monocytes, as well as long-lasting, antigen-specific anti-tumor activity in up to 90% of animals in the CT26 mouse colon carcinoma model. Significant reductions in tumor growth were observed in two syngeneic mouse tumor models following subcutaneous administration. Combinations of ALG-031048 and ICIs further enhanced the in vivo anti-tumor activity. This initial demonstration of anti-tumor activity after systemic administration of ALG-031048 warrants further investigation, while the combination of systemically administered ALG-031048 with ICIs offers an attractive approach to overcome key limitations of ICIs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Jekle
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Santosh Kumar Thatikonda
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Ruchika Jaisinghani
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Suping Ren
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - April Kinkade
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Sarah K. Stevens
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Antitsa Stoycheva
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Vivek K. Rajwanshi
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Caroline Williams
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Jerome Deval
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Sucheta Mukherjee
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Qingling Zhang
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Sushmita Chanda
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - David B. Smith
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Lawrence M. Blatt
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Julian A. Symons
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | | | - Leonid Beigelman
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
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16
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Chen K, Liao J, Patel DJ, Xie W. Advances in structure-guided mechanisms impacting on the cGAS-STING innate immune pathway. Adv Immunol 2023; 159:1-32. [PMID: 37996205 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The metazoan cGAS-STING innate immunity pathway is triggered in response to cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), thereby providing host defense against microbial pathogens. This pathway also impacts on autoimmune diseases, cellular senescence and anti-tumor immunity. The cGAS-STING pathway was also observed in the bacterial antiviral immune response, known as the cyclic oligonucleotide (CDN)-based anti-phage signaling system (CBASS). This review highlights a structure-based mechanistic perspective of recent advances in metazoan and bacterial cGAS-STING innate immune signaling by focusing on the cGAS sensor, cGAMP second messenger and STING adaptor components, thereby elucidating the specificity, activation, regulation and signal transduction features of the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jialing Liao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Dinshaw J Patel
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Wei Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
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17
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Alshebremi M, Tomchuck SL, Myers JT, Kingsley DT, Eid S, Abiff M, Bonner M, Saab ST, Choi SH, Huang AYC. Functional tumor cell-intrinsic STING, not host STING, drives local and systemic antitumor immunity and therapy efficacy following cryoablation. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006608. [PMID: 37553183 PMCID: PMC10414127 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its potential utility in delivering direct tumor killing and in situ whole-cell tumor vaccination, tumor cryoablation produces highly variable and unpredictable clinical response, limiting its clinical utility. The mechanism(s) driving cryoablation-induced local antitumor immunity and the associated abscopal effect is not well understood. METHODS The aim of this study was to identify and explore a mechanism of action by which cryoablation enhances the therapeutic efficacy in metastatic tumor models. We used the subcutaneous mouse model of the rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cell lines RMS 76-9STINGwt or RMS 76-9STING-/-, along with other murine tumor models, in C57BL/6 or STING-/- (TMEM173-/- ) mice to evaluate local tumor changes, lung metastasis, abscopal effect on distant tumors, and immune cell dynamics in the tumor microenvironment (TME). RESULTS The results show that cryoablation efficacy is dependent on both adaptive immunity and the STING signaling pathway. Contrary to current literature dictating an essential role of host-derived STING activation as a driver of antitumor immunity in vivo, we show that local tumor control, lung metastasis, and the abscopal effect on distant tumor are all critically dependent on a functioning tumor cell-intrinsic STING signaling pathway, which induces inflammatory chemokine and cytokine responses in the cryoablated TME. This reliance extends beyond cryoablation to include intratumoral STING agonist therapy. Additionally, surveys of gene expression databases and tissue microarrays of clinical tumor samples revealed a wide spectrum of expressions among STING-related signaling components. CONCLUSIONS Tumor cell-intrinsic STING pathway is a critical component underlying the effectiveness of cryoablation and suggests that expression of STING-related signaling components may serve as a potential therapy response biomarker. Our data also highlight an urgent need to further characterize tumor cell-intrinsic STING pathways and the associated downstream inflammatory response evoked by cryoablation and other STING-dependent therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alshebremi
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suzanne L Tomchuck
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jay T Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel T Kingsley
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Saada Eid
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Muta Abiff
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Melissa Bonner
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shahrazad T Saab
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alex Yee-Chen Huang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Center for Pediatric Immunotherapy, Angie Fowler AYA Cancer Institute, UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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18
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Liu Y, Fei Y, Wang X, Yang B, Li M, Luo Z. Biomaterial-enabled therapeutic modulation of cGAS-STING signaling for enhancing antitumor immunity. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1938-1959. [PMID: 37002605 PMCID: PMC10362396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
cGAS-STING signaling is a central component in the therapeutic action of most existing cancer therapies. The accumulated knowledge of tumor immunoregulatory network in recent years has spurred the development of cGAS-STING agonists for tumor treatment as an effective immunotherapeutic strategy. However, the clinical translation of these agonists is thus far unsatisfactory because of the low immunostimulatory efficacy and unrestricted side effects under clinically relevant conditions. Interestingly, the rational integration of biomaterial technology offers a promising approach to overcome these limitations for more effective and safer cGAS-STING-mediated tumor therapy. Herein, we first outline the cGAS-STING signaling axis and generally discuss its association with tumors. We then symmetrically summarize the recent progress in those biomaterial-based cGAS-STING agonism strategies to generate robust antitumor immunity, categorized by the chemical nature of those cGAS-STING stimulants and carrier substrates. Finally, a perspective is provided to discuss the existing challenges and potential opportunities in cGAS-STING modulation for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Liu
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yang Fei
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Yang
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Menghuan Li
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.
| | - Zhong Luo
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.
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19
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Ding C, Du M, Xiong Z, Wang X, Li H, He E, Li H, Dang Y, Lu Q, Li S, Xiao R, Xu Z, Jing L, Deng L, Wang X, Geng M, Xie Z, Zhang A. Photochemically controlled activation of STING by CAIX-targeting photocaged agonists to suppress tumor cell growth. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5956-5964. [PMID: 37293644 PMCID: PMC10246697 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01896b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Controllable activation of the innate immune adapter protein - stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is a critical challenge for the clinical development of STING agonists due to the potential "on-target off-tumor" toxicity caused by systematic activation of STING. Herein, we designed and synthesized a photo-caged STING agonist 2 with a tumor cell-targeting carbonic anhydrase inhibitor warhead, which could be readily uncaged by blue light to release the active STING agonist leading to remarkable activation of STING signaling. Furthermore, compound 2 was found to preferentially target tumor cells, stimulate the STING signaling in zebrafish embryo upon photo-uncaging and to induce proliferation of macrophages and upregulation of the mRNA expression of STING as well as its downstream NF-kB and cytokines, thus leading to significant suppression of tumor cell growth in a photo-dependent manner with reduced systemic toxicity. This photo-caged agonist not only provides a powerful tool to precisely trigger STING signalling, but also represents a novel controllable STING activation strategy for safer cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyong Ding
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China +86 21 50806035
- Zhangjiang Institute of Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Mengyan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Zhi Xiong
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China +86 21 50806035
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University Jiangxi 330000 China
| | - Xue Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China +86 21 50806035
| | - Hongji Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China +86 21 50806035
| | - Ende He
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China +86 21 50806035
| | - Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Yijing Dang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Qing Lu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China +86 21 50806035
| | - Shicong Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China +86 21 50806035
| | - Ruoxuan Xiao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China +86 21 50806035
| | - Zhiai Xu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Lili Jing
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China +86 21 50806035
| | - Liufu Deng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China +86 21 50806035
| | - Xiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zuoquan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China +86 21 50806035
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20
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Shan B, Hou H, Zhang K, Li R, Shen C, Chen Z, Xu P, Cui R, Su Z, Zhang C, Yang R, Zhou G, Liu Y, Guo H, Chen K, Fu W, Jiang H, Zhang S, Zheng M. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Bipyridazine Derivatives as Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3327-3347. [PMID: 36808996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists has been of potential applications for the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Based on the crystal structure of SR-717 bound to hSTING, we designed and synthesized a novel series of bipyridazine derivatives as highly potent STING agonists. Among them, compound 12L led to significant thermal stability shifts of the common alleles of hSTING, as well as that of mSTING. 12L also displayed potent activities in various hSTING alleles and mSTING competition binding assay. Specifically, 12L displayed higher cell-based activities than SR-717 in both human THP1 (EC50 = 0.38 ± 0.03 μM) and mouse RAW 264.7 cells (EC50 = 12.94 ± 1.78 μM), and was validated to activate the downstream signaling pathway of STING via a STING-dependent manner. Furthermore, compound 12L showed favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) properties and antitumor efficacy. These findings suggested that compound 12L has development potential as an antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.,Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Hou
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Keke Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rui Li
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chang Shen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zhengyang Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peijia Xu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rongrong Cui
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoming Su
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Changfa Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruirui Yang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guizhen Zhou
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yadan Liu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Sulin Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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21
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Jiang Y, Zhang J. Role of STING protein in breast cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:30. [PMID: 36460853 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequent causes of cancer related death worldwide, and despite the significant advances in therapeutic approaches, a significant proportion of patients succumb to metastasis and tumor recurrence. Breast cancer is an immunogenic cancer, and therefore, immunotherapy is considered a major therapeutic strategy. The survival rate has been increased significantly in HER2+ breast cancers after immunotherapy by monoclonal antibodies alone, or combined with chemical anti-cancer agents. Moreover, in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), a number of novel agents called immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown optimal efficacy. The major hindrance in cancer immunotherapy is frequent development of resistance and cancer remission. cGAS-STING pathway has a key role in anti-cancer immunity as its downstream signals especially type I interferon (IFN) acts as a link between innate and adaptive immunity. Considering the roles of type I IFN in enhancing dendritic cells activity, promoting the functions of CD8+ T cells, and protecting the effector cells against apoptosis, the induction of cGAS-STING pathway demonstrated promising therapeutic effects against breast cancer, especially in triple negative breast cancers. In this review, we discuss the latest findings and the recent advances regarding the role of cGAS-STING pathway and its activation in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiang
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Juliang Zhang
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710000, China.
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22
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Tailoring carrier-free nanocombo of small-molecule prodrug for combinational cancer therapy. J Control Release 2022; 352:256-275. [PMID: 36272660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The outcomes of monotherapy could not satisfy clinical cancer treatment owing to the challenges of tumor heterogeneity, multi-drug resistance, tumor metastasis and relapse. In response, the significance of combinational cancer therapy has been highlighted. Traditional combinational schemes usually utilize "free" drug for multi drug administration, independently. The diverse pharmacokinetics and biodistribution greatly hinder the antitumor effects and cause systematic toxicity. To tackle the hinderance, various nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (Nano-DDSs) have been developed. However, conventional Nano-DDSs encapsulate drugs into carrier materials through noncovalent interactions, resulting in low drug loading, fixed multi drug encapsulation ratio, chemical instability and carrier-associated toxicity. Recently, carrier-free nanocombos based on self-assembling small-molecule prodrugs (SPNCs) have emerged as a versatile Nano-DDSs for multiple drug delivery. Benefited by the self-assembly capability, SPNCs could be facilely fabricated with distinct merits of ultra-high drug loading, adjustable drug ratio and negligible carrier-associated toxicity. Herein, we summarize the latest trends of SPNCs. First, a basic review on self-assembling small-molecule prodrugs is presented. Additionally, facile techniques to prepare SPNCs are introduced. Furthermore, advanced combinational therapies based on SPNCs are spotlighted with special emphasis on synergistic mechanisms. Finally, future prospects and challenges are discussed.
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23
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Huang R, Ning Q, Zhao J, Zhao X, Zeng L, Yi Y, Tang S. Targeting STING for cancer immunotherapy: From mechanisms to translation. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Feng X, Pan L, Qian Z, Liu D, Guan X, Feng L, Song B, Xu X, Tan N, Ma Y, Li Z, Wang Z, Bian J. Discovery of Selenium-Containing STING Agonists as Orally Available Antitumor Agents. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15048-15065. [PMID: 36069713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway to achieve antitumor response is an attractive approach for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we report the identification of BSP16 (LF250) as a potent, orally available STING agonist. BSP16 strongly activates STING signaling in human and mouse cells and binds STING as a homodimer. A 2.4 Å cocrystal structure revealed that BSP16 could induce the "closed" conformation of STING. In vivo studies revealed that BSP16 is well tolerated, has an excellent pharmacokinetic profile as an oral drug, and induces tumor regression and durable antitumor immunity. The promising bioactivities of BSP16 make it valuable for further development as an antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Lixia Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Dongyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Xin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, P. R. China
| | | | - Bin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Xi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Ninghua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Yi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Jinlei Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
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25
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Xu Y, Li W, Zhou X, Gao Y, Ding L, Xu L, Mao X, Zhou A, Wang X, Ning X. Integrative Strategy for Investigating the Interactions between STING and Small-Molecule Ligands. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14185-14191. [PMID: 36354159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although small-molecule agonists of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) show significance in activating the immune system, the dynamic process involved in ligands activating STING remains unclear. Herein, we developed a biochemical strategy, integrating computer simulation and a biochemical engineering approach, to reveal the interaction mechanism between STING and 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA), an agonist that activates the TANK binding kinase 1-interferon regulatory factor 3 signaling pathway. Specifically, inspired by an analysis of the STING-DMXAA crystal structure, we designed and synthesized DMXAA derivatives to investigate the STING-DMXAA binding model. We identified that the carboxyl moiety of DMXAA was a major pharmacophore responsive to STING activation. In particular, the loss of hydrogen bond interaction between the carboxylic acid of DMXAA and the side chain Thr262 of STING led to STING inhibition. DMXAA N-methyl amide derivative (DNHM) exhibited good inhibitor activity, inhibited STING-mediated interferon production in vitro and in vivo, and effectively attenuated STING-associated inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we provide a new insight into STING-ligand interactions, which may improve the understanding of STING biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurui Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Biology and Functional Molecules, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ya Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Likang Ding
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005 United States
| | - Le Xu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Biology and Functional Molecules, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xianxian Mao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Biology and Functional Molecules, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Anwei Zhou
- Department of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Biology and Functional Molecules, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xinghai Ning
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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26
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Shen A, Chen M, Chen Q, Liu Z, Zhang A. Recent advances in the development of STING inhibitors: an updated patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:1131-1143. [PMID: 36332188 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2144220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION STING is at the center of the cGAS-STING signaling and acts as the hub of the innate immune system. Hyper-activation of STING has been observed in various severe autoimmune diseases, such as AGS, SLE, and many other diseases including neurological and metabolic disorders. Therefore, STING has been considered as a promising target. In recent years, several STING inhibitors have been claimed in patents. AREAS COVERED Small-molecule STING inhibitors reported in patents (disclosed before May 2022 through the public database at https://worldwide.espacenet.com) were summarized in this review and the available structure-activity relationships (SARs) and molecular mechanisms of action were presented. EXPERT OPINION Compared with STING agonists, the development of STING inhibitors is still in its infancy and no candidates have entered clinical investigation stage. Fortunately, patent applications are appearing at an increasing rate and a few of them have been validated in vivo, thus providing valuable insights for further structural optimization. More efforts are urgently needed since it is not clear yet that inhibitors targeting STING can solely exert sufficient therapeutic effects on autoimmune diseases, and the toxicity profile of such inhibitors is unknown as well. Therefore, it is extremely important to identify a selective and efficacious STING inhibitor for clinical evaluation to provide proof-of-concept for this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancheng Shen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingxuan Chen
- Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Nanodelivery of cGAS-STING activators for tumor immunotherapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:957-972. [PMID: 36089410 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway has great potential to promote antitumor immunity. Development of activators for the cGAS-STING pathway (cGAS-STING activators) has profoundly revolutionized tumor immunotherapy. However, successful clinical application of cGAS-STING activators is contingent on having appropriate systems to achieve safe, effective, and specific delivery. There is an increasing emphasis on the design and application of nano drug delivery systems (NDDS) that can facilitate the delivery potential of cGAS-STING activators. In this review, we discuss barriers for translational development of cGAS-STING activators (DNA damaging drugs and STING agonists) and recent advances of NDDS for these agents in tumor immunotherapy.
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28
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STING Agonists in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer J 2022; 28:401-406. [PMID: 36165729 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Despite the development of new treatment paradigms and improved biologic understanding of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), therapeutic resistance remains a substantial problem, and novel treatment approaches are needed. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a critical regulator of the antitumor response through regulation of both immune-dependent and tumor-intrinsic mechanisms. As such, the STING pathway has emerged as a rational pharmacologic target leading to the development of multiple STING agonists. These compounds have impressive preclinical efficacy as single agents and with PD-1 (programmed death-1) axis agents. However, clinical evaluation in this context has yet to show substantial efficacy. In contrast to monotherapy approaches, activation of STING in combination with DNA-damaging agents has been shown to enhance the effect of these agents in preclinical models and represents a promising approach to improve outcomes in patients with HNSCC. In this review, we will discuss the preclinical and clinical data supporting the use of STING agonists and highlight potential avenues of exploration to unlock the potential of these agents in HNSCC.
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Han S, Lim KS, Blackburn BJ, Yun J, Putnam CW, Bull DA, Won YW. The Potential of Topoisomerase Inhibitor-Based Antibody–Drug Conjugates. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081707. [PMID: 36015333 PMCID: PMC9413092 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases are essential enzymes that stabilize DNA supercoiling and resolve entanglements. Topoisomerase inhibitors have been widely used as anti-cancer drugs for the past 20 years. Due to their selectivity as topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors that trap TOP1 cleavage complexes, camptothecin and its derivatives are promising anti-cancer drugs. To increase accumulation of TOP1 inhibitors in cancer cells through the targeting of tumors, TOP1 inhibitor antibody–drug conjugates (TOP1-ADC) have been developed and marketed. Some TOP1-ADCs have shown enhanced therapeutic efficacy compared to prototypical anti-cancer ADCs, such as T-DM1. Here, we review various types of camptothecin-based TOP1 inhibitors and recent developments in TOP1-ADCs. We then propose key points for the design and construction of TOP1-ADCs. Finally, we discuss promising combinatorial strategies, including newly developed approaches to maximizing the therapeutic potential of TOP1-ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Han
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Kwang Suk Lim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Brody J. Blackburn
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Jina Yun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Korea
| | - Charles W. Putnam
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - David A. Bull
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Young-Wook Won
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine—Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Correspondence:
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Activation of Stimulation of Interferon Genes (STING) Signal and Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144638. [PMID: 35889509 PMCID: PMC9325158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon gene (STING), an intracellular receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum, could induce the production of cytokines such as type I interferon (IFN) by activating the cGAS-STING signal pathway. In recent years, activation of STING has shown great potential to enhance anti-tumor immunity and reshape the tumor microenvironment, which is expected to be used in tumor immunotherapy. A number of STING agonists have demonstrated promising biological activity and showed excellent synergistic anti-tumor effects in combination with other cancer therapies in preclinical studies and some clinical trials. The combination of STING agonists and ICI also showed a potent effect in improving anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we introduce the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and its effect in tumor immunity and discuss the recent strategies of activation of the STING signaling pathway and its research progress in tumor immunotherapy.
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Zhou L, Xu Q, Huang L, Zhan P, Jin J, Ye M, Liu H, Zhang F, Wang Z, Liu J, Chen C, Han H, Zhang Q, Zhu S, Ren J, Lv T, Song Y. Host STING is essential for the efficacy of anti-PD-1 inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer. Immunol Suppl 2022; 167:495-507. [PMID: 35859099 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is important for anticancer immune responses. However, the relative contributions of host and tumor STING in anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) inhibitor responses in NSCLC are unknown. STING expression in tumor and blood was associated with anti-PD-1 therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients; Moreover, loss of PD-1 inhibitor therapeutic potency was demonstrated in STING KO splenocytes and STING KO mice. STING knockdown in tumor cells had no effect. STING on CD8+ T cells and host cells, not tumor cells, correlated with clinical effect of Anti-PD1 therapy in NSCLC patients. Finally, adoptive transfer of CD8+ T cells restored PD-1 inhibitor anticancer effects. STING in host cells but not in tumor cells, mediates anti-PD-1 inhibitor responses in cancer immunotherapy and could be used to select advantageous NSCLC patients from immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuli Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Southeast University, Sch Med, Nanjing 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Litang Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Southeast University, Sch Med, Nanjing 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajia Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingxiang Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zimu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cen Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hedong Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suhua Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianan Ren
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Berger G, Knelson EH, Jimenez-Macias JL, Nowicki MO, Han S, Panagioti E, Lizotte PH, Adu-Berchie K, Stafford A, Dimitrakakis N, Zhou L, Chiocca EA, Mooney DJ, Barbie DA, Lawler SE. STING activation promotes robust immune response and NK cell-mediated tumor regression in glioblastoma models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2111003119. [PMID: 35787058 PMCID: PMC9282249 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111003119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has had a tremendous impact on cancer treatment in the past decade, with hitherto unseen responses at advanced and metastatic stages of the disease. However, the aggressive brain tumor glioblastoma (GBM) is highly immunosuppressive and remains largely refractory to current immunotherapeutic approaches. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) DNA sensing pathway has emerged as a next-generation immunotherapy target with potent local immune stimulatory properties. Here, we investigated the status of the STING pathway in GBM and the modulation of the brain tumor microenvironment (TME) with the STING agonist ADU-S100. Our data reveal the presence of STING in human GBM specimens, where it stains strongly in the tumor vasculature. We show that human GBM explants can respond to STING agonist treatment by secretion of inflammatory cytokines. In murine GBM models, we show a profound shift in the tumor immune landscape after STING agonist treatment, with massive infiltration of the tumor-bearing hemisphere with innate immune cells including inflammatory macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer (NK) populations. Treatment of established murine intracranial GL261 and CT-2A tumors by biodegradable ADU-S100-loaded intracranial implants demonstrated a significant increase in survival in both models and long-term survival with immune memory in GL261. Responses to treatment were abolished by NK cell depletion. This study reveals therapeutic potential and deep remodeling of the TME by STING activation in GBM and warrants further examination of STING agonists alone or in combination with other immunotherapies such as cancer vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, NK therapies, and immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Berger
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Erik H. Knelson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jorge L. Jimenez-Macias
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michal O. Nowicki
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Saemi Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Eleni Panagioti
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Patrick H. Lizotte
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
- Human Tumor Profiling Group, Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kwasi Adu-Berchie
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Alexander Stafford
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Nikolaos Dimitrakakis
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - E. Antonio Chiocca
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - David J. Mooney
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - David A. Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sean E. Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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Lee D, Huntoon K, Kang M, Lu Y, Gallup T, Jiang W, Kim BYS. Harnessing cGAS‐STING Pathway for Cancer Immunotherapy: From Bench to Clinic. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DaeYong Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Kristin Huntoon
- Department of Neurosurgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Minjeong Kang
- Department of radiation oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Yifei Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Thomas Gallup
- Department of Neurosurgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of radiation oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Betty Y S Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX 77030 USA
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Shakfa N, Li D, Nersesian S, Wilson-Sanchez J, Koti M. The STING pathway: Therapeutic vulnerabilities in ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:603-611. [PMID: 35383278 PMCID: PMC9381712 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of mortality due to gynecologic malignancy. The majority of women diagnosed with the most common subtype, high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC), develop resistance to conventional therapies despite initial response to treatment. HGSC tumors displaying DNA damage repair (DDR) gene deficiency and high chromosomal instability mainly associate with higher cytotoxic immune cell infiltration and expression of genes associated with these immune pathways. Despite the high level of immune infiltration observed, the majority of patients with HGSC have not benefited from immunomodulatory treatments as the mechanistic basis of this infiltration is unclear. This lack of response can be primarily attributed to heterogeneity at the levels of both cancer cell genetic alterations and the tumour immune microenvironment. Strategies to enhance anti-tumour immunity have been investigated in ovarian cancer, of which interferon activating therapies present as an attractive option. Of the several type I interferon (IFN-1) stimulating therapies, exogenously activating the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway is emerging as a promising avenue. Herein, we highlight our current understanding of how constitutive and induced cGAS-STING pathway activation influences the ovarian tumour microenvironment. We further elaborate on the links between the genomic alterations prevalent in ovarian tumours and how the resultant immune phenotypes can make them more susceptible to exogenous STING pathway activation and potentiate immune-mediated killing of cancer cells. The therapeutic potential of cGAS-STING pathway activation in ovarian cancer and factors implicating treatment outcomes are discussed, providing a rationale for future combinatorial treatment approaches on the backbone of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Shakfa
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Deyang Li
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Nersesian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Juliette Wilson-Sanchez
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada. .,Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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Carr MI, Chiu LY, Guo Y, Xu C, Lazorchak AS, Yu H, Qin G, Qi J, Marelli B, Lan Y, Sun Q, Czauderna F, Zenke FT, Blaukat A, Vassilev LT. DNA-PK Inhibitor Peposertib Amplifies Radiation-Induced Inflammatory Micronucleation and Enhances TGFβ/PD-L1 Targeted Cancer Immunotherapy. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:568-582. [PMID: 34980594 PMCID: PMC9381110 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the most widely used cancer treatment and improvements in its efficacy and safety are highly sought-after. Peposertib (also known as M3814), a potent and selective DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor, effectively suppresses the repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and regresses human xenograft tumors in preclinical models. Irradiated cancer cells devoid of p53 activity are especially sensitive to the DNA-PK inhibitor, as they lose a key cell-cycle checkpoint circuit and enter mitosis with unrepaired DSBs, leading to catastrophic consequences. Here, we show that inhibiting the repair of DSBs induced by ionizing radiation with peposertib offers a powerful new way for improving radiotherapy by simultaneously enhancing cancer cell killing and response to a bifunctional TGFβ "trap"/anti-PD-L1 cancer immunotherapy. By promoting chromosome misalignment and missegregation in p53-deficient cancer cells with unrepaired DSBs, DNA-PK inhibitor accelerated micronuclei formation, a key generator of cytosolic DNA and activator of cGAS/STING-dependent inflammatory signaling as it elevated PD-L1 expression in irradiated cancer cells. Triple combination of radiation, peposertib, and bintrafusp alfa, a fusion protein simultaneously inhibiting the profibrotic TGFβ and immunosuppressive PD-L1 pathways was superior to dual combinations and suggested a novel approach to more efficacious radioimmunotherapy of cancer. IMPLICATIONS Selective inhibition of DNA-PK in irradiated cancer cells enhances inflammatory signaling and activity of dual TGFβ/PD-L1 targeted therapy and may offer a more efficacious combination option for the treatment of locally advanced solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I. Carr
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Li-Ya Chiu
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Yige Guo
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Chunxiao Xu
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Adam S. Lazorchak
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Huakui Yu
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Guozhong Qin
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Jin Qi
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Bo Marelli
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Lan
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Qing Sun
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Frank Czauderna
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Frank T. Zenke
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andree Blaukat
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lyubomir T. Vassilev
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts.,Corresponding Author: Lyubomir T. Vassilev, Translational Innovation Platform Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821. Phone: 978-294-1115; E-mail:
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Jeon MJ, Lee H, Lee J, Baek SY, Lee D, Jo S, Lee JY, Kang M, Jung HR, Han SB, Kim NJ, Lee S, Kim H. Development of Potent Immune Modulators Targeting Stimulator of Interferon Genes Receptor. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5407-5432. [PMID: 35315650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an endoplasmic reticulum-membrane protein that plays important roles in cancer immunotherapy by activating innate immune responses. We designed and synthesized STING modulators and characterized compounds 4a and 4c that share a crucial amidobenzimidazole moiety. In vitro STING binding and cell-based activity assays demonstrated the potency and efficacy of the compounds that function as direct STING agonists by stimulating STING downstream signaling and promoting type I interferon immune responses. In vitro metabolic studies and the pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds led us to investigate their anticancer activity in an in vivo syngeneic model. Intravenous injection of compounds 4a and 4c significantly decreased tumor volume in a CT26 murine colorectal carcinoma model, and the immunological memory-derived cancer inhibition was observed in 4c-treated mouse models. The present results suggest the therapeutic potential of the compounds for cancer immunotherapy via STING-mediated immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jae Jeon
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyelim Lee
- Creative Research Center for Brain Science, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehee Lee
- Creative Research Center for Brain Science, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department for HY-KIST Bio-convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Baek
- Creative Research Center for Brain Science, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Lee
- Creative Research Center for Brain Science, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongman Jo
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Lee
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Miso Kang
- Creative Research Center for Brain Science, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ra Jung
- Creative Research Center for Brain Science, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bong Han
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Jung Kim
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Lee
- Creative Research Center for Brain Science, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department for HY-KIST Bio-convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
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Zhou J, Cui X, Xie Y, Zhang M, Gao J, Zhou X, Ding J, Cen S. Identification of Ziyuglycoside II from natural products library as a novel STING agonist. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100719. [PMID: 35293138 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Given the emerging pivotal roles of STING (stimulator of interferon genes) in host pathogen defense and immune-oncology, STING is regarded as a promising target for drug development. CDNs (cyclic dinucleotides) are the first-generation STING agonists. However, their poor metabolic stability and membrane permeability utterly limits therapeutic applications. By contrast, small molecule STING agonists show superiority of properties such as molecular weight, polar character, and delivery diversity. The quest for the potent small molecular agonist of human STING remains ongoing. In our study, through an IRF/IFN pathway-targeted cell-based screen of natural products library, we identified a small-molecular STING agonist Ziyuglycoside II, termed as ST12, with potent stimulation of IRF/IFN pathway and NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, its binding to the C-terminal domain of human STING detected by bio-layer interferometry technique, indicating that ST12 is a human STING agonist. Further tanimoto similarity analyze with existing small-molecule STING agonists indicates that ST12 represents a lead compound with a novel core-structure for the further optimization. Insert abstract text here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Immunology, Nanwei Road, 100050, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Xiangling Cui
- Institute of Medicinal biotechnology, Medicinal chemistry, CHINA
| | - Yongli Xie
- Institute of Medicinal biotechnology, Medicinal chemistry, CHINA
| | - Min Zhang
- Zhejiang Normal University, College of Chemistry and Life Science, CHINA
| | - Jieke Gao
- Zhejiang Normal University, College of Chemistry and Life Science, CHINA
| | - Xujun Zhou
- Zhejiang Normal University, College of Chemistry and Life Science, CHINA
| | - Jiwei Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Medicinal chemistry, CHINA
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Immune, CHINA
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Koch MS, Zdioruk M, Nowicki MO, Griffith AM, Aguilar E, Aguilar LK, Guzik BW, Barone F, Tak PP, Tabatabai G, Lederer JA, Chiocca EA, Lawler S. Systemic high-dose dexamethasone treatment may modulate the efficacy of intratumoral viral oncolytic immunotherapy in glioblastoma models. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003368. [PMID: 35017150 PMCID: PMC8753448 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intratumoral viral oncolytic immunotherapy is a promising new approach for the treatment of a variety of solid cancers. CAN-2409 is a replication-deficient adenovirus that delivers herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase to cancer cells, resulting in local conversion of ganciclovir or valacyclovir into a toxic metabolite. This leads to highly immunogenic cell death, followed by a local immune response against a variety of cancer neoantigens and, next, a systemic immune response against the injected tumor and uninjected distant metastases. CAN-2409 treatment has shown promising results in clinical studies in glioblastoma (GBM). Patients with GBM are usually given the corticosteroid dexamethasone to manage edema. Previous work has suggested that concurrent dexamethasone therapy may have a negative effect in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with GBM. However, the effects of dexamethasone on the efficacy of CAN-2409 treatment have not been explored. Methods In vitro experiments included cell viability and neurosphere T-cell killing assays. Effects of dexamethasone on CAN-2409 in vivo were examined using a syngeneic murine GBM model; survival was assessed according to Kaplan-Meier; analyses of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were performed with mass cytometry (CyTOF - cytometry by time-of-flight). Data were analyzed using a general linear model, with one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn’s multiple comparison test or statistical significance analysis of microarrays. Results In a mouse model of GBM, we found that high doses of dexamethasone combined with CAN-2409 led to significantly reduced median survival (29.0 days) compared with CAN-2409 treatment alone (39.5 days). CyTOF analyses of tumor-infiltrating immune cells demonstrated potent immune stimulation induced by CAN-2409 treatment. These effects were diminished when high-dose dexamethasone was used. Functional immune cell characterization suggested increased immune cell exhaustion and tumor promoting profiles after dexamethasone treatment. Conclusion Our data suggest that concurrent high-dose dexamethasone treatment may impair the efficacy of oncolytic viral immunotherapy of GBM, supporting the notion that dexamethasone use should be balanced between symptom control and impact on the therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilin S Koch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mykola Zdioruk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michal O Nowicki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alec M Griffith
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul P Tak
- Candel Therapeutics, Needham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - James A Lederer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sean Lawler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Landeira-Viñuela A, Díez P, Juanes-Velasco P, Lécrevisse Q, Orfao A, De Las Rivas J, Fuentes M. Deepening into Intracellular Signaling Landscape through Integrative Spatial Proteomics and Transcriptomics in a Lymphoma Model. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1776. [PMID: 34944421 PMCID: PMC8699084 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Proteome Project (HPP) presents a systematic characterization of the protein landscape under different conditions using several complementary-omic techniques (LC-MS/MS proteomics, affinity proteomics, transcriptomics, etc.). In the present study, using a B-cell lymphoma cell line as a model, comprehensive integration of RNA-Seq transcriptomics, MS/MS, and antibody-based affinity proteomics (combined with size-exclusion chromatography) (SEC-MAP) were performed to uncover correlations that could provide insights into protein dynamics at the intracellular level. Here, 5672 unique proteins were systematically identified by MS/MS analysis and subcellular protein extraction strategies (neXtProt release 2020-21, MS/MS data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003939). Moreover, RNA deep sequencing analysis of this lymphoma B-cell line identified 19,518 expressed genes and 5707 protein coding genes (mapped to neXtProt). Among these data sets, 162 relevant proteins (targeted by 206 antibodies) were systematically analyzed by the SEC-MAP approach, providing information about PTMs, isoforms, protein complexes, and subcellular localization. Finally, a bioinformatic pipeline has been designed and developed for orthogonal integration of these high-content proteomics and transcriptomics datasets, which might be useful for comprehensive and global characterization of intracellular protein profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Landeira-Viñuela
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, USAL/IBSAL, 37000 Salamanca, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (P.D.); (P.J.-V.); (Q.L.); (A.O.)
| | - Paula Díez
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, USAL/IBSAL, 37000 Salamanca, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (P.D.); (P.J.-V.); (Q.L.); (A.O.)
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pablo Juanes-Velasco
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, USAL/IBSAL, 37000 Salamanca, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (P.D.); (P.J.-V.); (Q.L.); (A.O.)
| | - Quentin Lécrevisse
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, USAL/IBSAL, 37000 Salamanca, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (P.D.); (P.J.-V.); (Q.L.); (A.O.)
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, USAL/IBSAL, 37000 Salamanca, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (P.D.); (P.J.-V.); (Q.L.); (A.O.)
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, USAL/IBSAL, 37000 Salamanca, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (P.D.); (P.J.-V.); (Q.L.); (A.O.)
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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STING-driven interferon signaling triggers metabolic alterations in pancreas cancer cells visualized by [ 18F]FLT PET imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105390118. [PMID: 34480004 PMCID: PMC8433573 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105390118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are critical effectors of emerging cancer immunotherapies designed to activate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). A challenge in the clinical translation of these agents is the lack of noninvasive pharmacodynamic biomarkers that indicate increased intratumoral IFN signaling following PRR activation. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging enables the visualization of tissue metabolic activity, but whether IFN signaling-induced alterations in tumor cell metabolism can be detected using PET has not been investigated. We found that IFN signaling augments pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell nucleotide metabolism via transcriptional induction of metabolism-associated genes including thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP). TYMP catalyzes the first step in the catabolism of thymidine, which competitively inhibits intratumoral accumulation of the nucleoside analog PET probe 3'-deoxy-3'-[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT). Accordingly, IFN treatment up-regulates cancer cell [18F]FLT uptake in the presence of thymidine, and this effect is dependent upon TYMP expression. In vivo, genetic activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING), a PRR highly expressed in PDAC, enhances the [18F]FLT avidity of xenograft tumors. Additionally, small molecule STING agonists trigger IFN signaling-dependent TYMP expression in PDAC cells and increase tumor [18F]FLT uptake in vivo following systemic treatment. These findings indicate that [18F]FLT accumulation in tumors is sensitive to IFN signaling and that [18F]FLT PET may serve as a pharmacodynamic biomarker for STING agonist-based therapies in PDAC and possibly other malignancies characterized by elevated STING expression.
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Zhou Q, Wang Y, Li X, Lu N, Ge Z. Polymersome Nanoreactor‐Mediated Combination Chemodynamic‐Immunotherapy via ROS Production and Enhanced STING Activation. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yuheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Xiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Nannan Lu
- Department of Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC Division of Life Science and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230001 China
| | - Zhishen Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
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Wang K, Donnelly CR, Jiang C, Liao Y, Luo X, Tao X, Bang S, McGinnis A, Lee M, Hilton MJ, Ji RR. STING suppresses bone cancer pain via immune and neuronal modulation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4558. [PMID: 34315904 PMCID: PMC8316360 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced stage cancers frequently suffer from severe pain as a result of bone metastasis and bone destruction, for which there is no efficacious treatment. Here, using multiple mouse models of bone cancer, we report that agonists of the immune regulator STING (stimulator of interferon genes) confer remarkable protection against cancer pain, bone destruction, and local tumor burden. Repeated systemic administration of STING agonists robustly attenuates bone cancer-induced pain and improves locomotor function. Interestingly, STING agonists produce acute pain relief through direct neuronal modulation. Additionally, STING agonists protect against local bone destruction and reduce local tumor burden through modulation of osteoclast and immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment, providing long-term cancer pain relief. Finally, these in vivo effects are dependent on host-intrinsic STING and IFN-I signaling. Overall, STING activation provides unique advantages in controlling bone cancer pain through distinct and synergistic actions on nociceptors, immune cells, and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Wang
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Christopher R Donnelly
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Changyu Jiang
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yihan Liao
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xin Luo
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xueshu Tao
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sangsu Bang
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aidan McGinnis
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael Lee
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew J Hilton
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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43
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Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: An overview of potential new treatment options. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:642-663. [PMID: 34167873 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM This review article summarizes the current clinical practice guidelines around disease definitions and risk stratifications, and the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Recently completed and ongoing clinical trials of novel and investigational therapies in Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-naïve, BCG-recurrent, and BCG-unresponsive patient populations are also described, e.g., those involving immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies, other chemotherapy regimens, vaccines, and viral- or bacterial-based treatments. Finally, a brief overview of enhanced cystoscopy and drug delivery systems for the diagnosis and treatment of NMIBC is provided. BACKGROUND A global shortage of access to BCG is affecting the management of BCG-naïve and BCG-recurrent/unresponsive NMIBC; hence, there is an urgent need to assist patients and urologists to enhance the treatment of this disease. METHODS Searches of ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, and Google Scholar were conducted. Published guidance and conference proceedings from major congresses were reviewed. CONCLUSION Treatment strategies for NMIBC are generally consistent across guidelines. Several novel therapies have demonstrated promising antitumor activity in clinical trials, including in high-risk or BCG-unresponsive disease. The detection, diagnosis, surveillance, and treatment of NMIBC have also been improved through enhanced disease detection.
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Chen L, Zhao S, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Li H, Zhao Q. Molecular Dynamics Simulations Reveal the Modulated Mechanism of STING Conformation. Interdiscip Sci 2021; 13:751-765. [PMID: 34142362 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-021-00446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING), which is an integral ER-membrane protein, could induce an antiviral state and boost antitumor immunity. Recent experiments reported that different small molecules could modulate the conformation of the STING. However, the mechanism of small molecules modulating the conformation of STING is still unknown. To illustrate the conformational modulated mechanism of STING by small molecules at atomic level, we investigated the interactions between STING and the small molecules: cGAMP and diABZI with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations method. Interestingly, we found that the residues of STING in the binding pocket are more flexible in the monomers of STING than that in the dimer of STING. We also demonstrated that cGAMP and diABZI have a similar binding mode to STING monomers/dimer, and π-π stacking interactions play important roles for the agonists and STING. Our study proposed mechanistic insights into the STING conformation modulated by small molecules and we suggested that the special molecule (e. g. diABZI) could induce the conformational transition of STING from the "open" monomers to the "closed" dimer state. Our research may provide a clue for the development of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Huiyu Li
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China.
| | - Qingjie Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Material Medical, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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45
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Zhang R, Kang R, Tang D. The STING1 network regulates autophagy and cell death. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:208. [PMID: 34078874 PMCID: PMC8172903 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death and immune response are at the core of life. In past decades, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein STING1 (also known as STING or TMEM173) was found to play a fundamental role in the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to DNA derived from invading microbial pathogens or damaged hosts by activating multiple transcription factors. In addition to this well-known function in infection, inflammation, and immunity, emerging evidence suggests that the STING1-dependent signaling network is implicated in health and disease by regulating autophagic degradation or various cell death modalities (e.g., apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, mitotic cell death, and immunogenic cell death [ICD]). Here, we outline the latest advances in our understanding of the regulating mechanisms and signaling pathways of STING1 in autophagy and cell death, which may shed light on new targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Zhang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Harmange Magnani CS, Maimone TJ. Dearomative Synthetic Entry into the Altemicidin Alkaloids. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7935-7939. [PMID: 34018391 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Altemicidin and related Streptomyces-derived monoterpene alkaloids possess dense, highly polar azaindane cores as well as potent cytotoxic and tRNA synthetase inhibitory properties. The congested α-amino acid motif decorating their presumed iridoid-like core structure has proven to be both a synthetic challenge and a biosynthetic mystery to date. Herein, we report a distinct, abiotic strategy to these alkaloids resulting in a concise synthesis of altemicidin from simple chemical feedstocks. Key chemical findings include the exploitation of a dearomative pyridinium addition and dipolar cycloaddition sequence to stereospecifically install the quaternary amine moiety, and a chemoselective molybdenum-mediated double reduction to establish the fully functionalized azaindane nucleus with minimal redox manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire S Harmange Magnani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, 826 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas J Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, 826 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Marin-Acevedo JA, Kimbrough EO, Manochakian R, Zhao Y, Lou Y. Immunotherapies targeting stimulatory pathways and beyond. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:78. [PMID: 33980266 PMCID: PMC8117548 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules play a critical role in T cell function. Tumor cells escape immune surveillance by promoting immunosuppression. Immunotherapy targeting inhibitory molecules like anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 were developed to overcome these immunosuppressive effects. These agents have demonstrated remarkable, durable responses in a small subset of patients. The other mechanisms for enhancing anti-tumor activities are to target the stimulatory pathways that are expressed on T cells or other immune cells. In this review, we summarize current phase I/II clinical trials evaluating novel immunotherapies targeting stimulatory pathways and outline their advantages, limitations, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A Marin-Acevedo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
| | - ErinMarie O Kimbrough
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road S., Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Rami Manochakian
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road S., Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road S., Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Yanyan Lou
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road S., Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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Chen NN, Zhang H, You QD, Xu XL. Agonist of stimulator of interferon genes as antitumor agents: a patent review (2008-2020). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:563-584. [PMID: 33459063 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1877660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a transmembrane protein that localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum. As a crucial adaptor protein in the pathway of sensing cytosolic DNA, STING can regulate innate immune response by inducing the secretion of type Ι interferons and other cytokines after recognizing endogenous or exogenous DNA. Due to the key role of STING in the innate immune system, activation of the STING signaling pathway is expected to be an efficacious immunotherapeutic tactic for cancer and infectious diseases caused by pathogens. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the structures and biological activities of STING agonists published from 2008 to present, the progress in its structural modification of STING agonists, and the development of their clinical study. EXPERT OPINION STING is an important adaptor protein in the process of triggering the innate immune response to viral infection. So far, substantial STING agonists and inhibitors have been published, and their viable curative effects for diverse diseases prove that STING is a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qi-Dong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Kim DS, Endo A, Fang FG, Huang KC, Bao X, Choi HW, Majumder U, Shen YY, Mathieu S, Zhu X, Sanders K, Noland T, Hao MH, Chen Y, Wang JY, Yasui S, TenDyke K, Wu J, Ingersoll C, Loiacono KA, Hutz JE, Sarwar N. E7766, a Macrocycle-Bridged Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) Agonist with Potent Pan-Genotypic Activity. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1740-1743. [PMID: 33522135 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for creating potent and pan-genotypic stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists is described. Locking a bioactive U-shaped conformation of cyclic dinucleotides by introducing a transannular macrocyclic bridge between the nucleic acid bases leads to a topologically novel macrocycle-bridged STING agonist (MBSA). In addition to substantially enhanced potency, the newly designed MBSAs, exemplified by clinical candidate E7766, exhibit broad pan-genotypic activity in all major human STING variants. E7766 is shown to have potent antitumor activity with long lasting immune memory response in a mouse liver metastatic tumor model. Two complementary stereoselective synthetic routes to E7766 are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Shik Kim
- Eisai Inc., 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Atsushi Endo
- Eisai Inc., 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Francis G Fang
- Eisai Inc., 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Kuan-Chun Huang
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square FL5, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xingfeng Bao
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square FL5, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Utpal Majumder
- Eisai Inc., 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Young Y Shen
- Eisai Inc., 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Steven Mathieu
- Eisai Inc., 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Xiaojie Zhu
- Eisai Inc., 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Kristen Sanders
- Eisai Inc., 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Thomas Noland
- Eisai Inc., 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Ming-Hong Hao
- Eisai Inc., 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Eisai Inc., 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - John Y Wang
- Eisai Inc., 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - So Yasui
- Analytical Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 300-2635, Japan
| | - Karen TenDyke
- Eisai Inc., 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Jiayi Wu
- H3 Biomedicine, 300 Technology Square FL5, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Kara A Loiacono
- Eisai Inc., 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Janna E Hutz
- Eisai Inc., 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Nadeem Sarwar
- Eisai Inc., 35 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
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Nguyen DC, Shae D, Pagendarm HM, Becker KW, Wehbe M, Kilchrist KV, Pastora LE, Palmer CR, Seber P, Christov PP, Duvall CL, Wilson JT. Amphiphilic Polyelectrolyte Graft Copolymers Enhance the Activity of Cyclic Dinucleotide STING Agonists. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001056. [PMID: 33225632 PMCID: PMC7856189 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) agonists of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) hold great therapeutic potential, but their activity is hindered by poor drug-like properties that restrict cytosolic bioavailability. Here, this challenge is addressed through the synthesis and evaluation of a novel series of PEGMA-co-DEAEMA-co-BMA copolymers with pH-responsive, membrane-destabilizing activity to enhance intracellular delivery of the CDN, cGAMP. Copolymers are synthesized with PEGMA of two different molecular weights (300 and 950 Da) and over a range of PEG mass fraction and polymer molecular weight, and relationships between copolymer structure, self-assembly, endosomal escape, and cGAMP activity are elucidated. A subset of polymers that self-assembled into 50-800 nm nanoparticles is identified, which can be loaded with cGAMP via a simple mixing strategy, resulting in significantly enhanced immunostimulatory activity. Increased cGAMP activity is found to be highly correlated with the capacity of carriers to enhance intracellular CDN uptake and to promote endosomal destabilization, findings that establish efficient cytosolic delivery as a criterion for CDN carriers. Additionally, it is demonstrated that a lead CDN carrier formulation can enhance STING activation in vivo in a model of intratumoral immunotherapy. Collectively, these investigations demonstrate the utility of PEGMA-co-DEAEMA-co-BMA copolymers as carriers for CDNs and potentially other cytosolically-acting drug cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Chuong Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- The SyBBURE Searle Undergraduate Research Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Daniel Shae
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Hayden M. Pagendarm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Kyle W. Becker
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Mohamed Wehbe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Kameron V. Kilchrist
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Lucinda E. Pastora
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Christian R. Palmer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Pedro Seber
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Plamen P. Christov
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - Craig L. Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - John T. Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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