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Wu R, Zhang J, Zou G, Li S, Wang J, Li X, Xu J. Diabetes Mellitus and Thyroid Cancers: Risky Correlation, Underlying Mechanisms and Clinical Prevention. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:809-823. [PMID: 38380275 PMCID: PMC10878320 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s450321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidences of thyroid cancer and diabetes are rapidly increasing worldwide. The relationship between thyroid cancer and diabetes is a popular topic in medicine. Increasing evidence has shown that diabetes increases the risk of thyroid cancer to a certain extent. This mechanism may be related to genetic factors, abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion, oxidative stress injury, hyperinsulinemia, elevated insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, abnormal secretion of adipocytokines, and increased secretion of inflammatory factors and chemokines. This article reviews the latest research progress on the relationship between thyroid cancer and diabetes, including the association between diabetes and the risk of developing thyroid cancer, its underlying mechanisms, and potential anti-thyroid cancer effects of hypoglycemic drugs. It providing novel strategies for the prevention, treatment, and improving the prognosis of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqian Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The 1 Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junping Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The 1 Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guilin Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The 1 Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The 1 Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The 1 Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxinlei Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The 1 Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jixiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The 1 Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
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Cai Z, Du S, Zhao N, Huang N, Yang K, Qi L. Periodontitis promotes the progression of diabetes mellitus by enhancing autophagy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24366. [PMID: 38288023 PMCID: PMC10823111 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to identify the periodontitis factor that activates excessive autophagy in pancreatic β cells, resulting in organic lesions of pancreatic islet tissues and diminished insulin secretion, thereby accelerating the progression of diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were induced with periodontitis (PD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), or the combination of T2DM and PD (DP) through a high-sugar/high-fat diet and ligation of the tooth neck with silk thread. Alveolar bone resorption was assessed using Micro-CT, blood glucose levels were measured with a blood glucose meter, pancreatic tissue pathology was examined through HE staining, and the expression of autophagy-related proteins Beclin1 and LC3II/LC3I was analyzed using Western blotting. Results Micro-CT results revealed more pronounced alveolar bone resorption and root bifurcation exposure in the PD and DP groups compared to the control group, with the DP group exhibiting the most severe condition. HE staining demonstrated the formation of periodontal pockets, severe alveolar bone destruction, and abnormal pancreatic islet tissue morphology in the PD and DP groups. The serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β increased sequentially in the control, DM, PD, and DP groups (P < 0.05). Relative expressions of GCK and GLUT-2 mRNA decreased in the PD group compared to the control group (P > 0.05), while the mRNA expressions in the DP and DM groups increased (P < 0.05), with the DP group exhibiting higher levels than the DM group (P < 0.05). Western blot results indicated increased expression levels of autophagy proteins Beclin1 and LC3II/LC3I in the DM and DP groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05), with the DP group exhibiting higher levels than the DM group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The findings demonstrate that periodontal inflammatory factors may promote the enhancement of pancreatic cell autophagy in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Cai
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital Zunyi, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Honghuagang District Stomatological Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shasha Du
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital Zunyi, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital Zunyi, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Nanqu Huang
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital Zunyi, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Liu Qi
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Richardson RB, Mailloux RJ. Mitochondria Need Their Sleep: Redox, Bioenergetics, and Temperature Regulation of Circadian Rhythms and the Role of Cysteine-Mediated Redox Signaling, Uncoupling Proteins, and Substrate Cycles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030674. [PMID: 36978924 PMCID: PMC10045244 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although circadian biorhythms of mitochondria and cells are highly conserved and crucial for the well-being of complex animals, there is a paucity of studies on the reciprocal interactions between oxidative stress, redox modifications, metabolism, thermoregulation, and other major oscillatory physiological processes. To address this limitation, we hypothesize that circadian/ultradian interaction of the redoxome, bioenergetics, and temperature signaling strongly determine the differential activities of the sleep–wake cycling of mammalians and birds. Posttranslational modifications of proteins by reversible cysteine oxoforms, S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation are shown to play a major role in regulating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, protein activity, respiration, and metabolomics. Nuclear DNA repair and cellular protein synthesis are maximized during the wake phase, whereas the redoxome is restored and mitochondrial remodeling is maximized during sleep. Hence, our analysis reveals that wakefulness is more protective and restorative to the nucleus (nucleorestorative), whereas sleep is more protective and restorative to mitochondria (mitorestorative). The “redox–bioenergetics–temperature and differential mitochondrial–nuclear regulatory hypothesis” adds to the understanding of mitochondrial respiratory uncoupling, substrate cycling control and hibernation. Similarly, this hypothesis explains how the oscillatory redox–bioenergetics–temperature–regulated sleep–wake states, when perturbed by mitochondrial interactome disturbances, influence the pathogenesis of aging, cancer, spaceflight health effects, sudden infant death syndrome, and diseases of the metabolism and nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. Richardson
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
- McGill Medical Physics Unit, Cedars Cancer Centre—Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Correspondence: or
| | - Ryan J. Mailloux
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada;
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Richardson RB, Mailloux RJ. WITHDRAWN: Mitochondria need their sleep: Sleep-wake cycling and the role of redox, bioenergetics, and temperature regulation, involving cysteine-mediated redox signaling, uncoupling proteins, and substrate cycles. Free Radic Biol Med 2022:S0891-5849(22)01013-9. [PMID: 36462628 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Richardson
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, K0J 1J0, Canada; McGill Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Cedars Cancer Centre - Glen Site, Montreal, Quebec QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
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Brawerman G, Pipella J, Thompson PJ. DNA damage to β cells in culture recapitulates features of senescent β cells that accumulate in type 1 diabetes. Mol Metab 2022; 62:101524. [PMID: 35660116 PMCID: PMC9213768 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is characterized by progressive loss of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells as a result of autoimmune destruction. In addition to β cell death, recent work has shown that subpopulations of β cells acquire dysfunction during T1D. We previously reported that β cells undergoing a DNA damage response (DDR) and senescence accumulate during the pathogenesis of T1D. However, the question of how senescence develops in β cells has not been investigated. METHODS Here, we tested the hypothesis that unrepaired DNA damage in the context of genetic susceptibility triggers β cell senescence using culture models including the mouse NIT1 β cell line derived from the T1D-susceptible nonobese diabetic (NOD) strain, human donor islets and EndoC β cells. DNA damage was chemically induced using etoposide or bleomycin and cells or islets were analyzed by a combination of molecular assays for senescence phenotypes including Western blotting, qRT-PCR, Luminex assays, flow cytometry and histochemical staining. RNA-seq was carried out to profile global transcriptomic changes in human islets undergoing DDR and senescence. Insulin ELISAs were used to quantify glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from chemically-induced senescent human islets, EndoC β cells and mouse β cell lines in culture. RESULTS Sub-lethal DNA damage in NIT1 cells led to several classical hallmarks of senescence including sustained DDR activation, growth arrest, enlarged flattened morphology and a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) resembling what occurs in primary β cells during T1D in NOD mice. These phenotypes differed between NIT1 cells and the MIN6 β cell line derived from a non-T1D susceptible mouse strain. RNA-seq analysis of DNA damage-induced senescence in human islets from two different donors revealed a p53 transcriptional program and upregulation of prosurvival and SASP genes, with inter-donor variability in this response. Inter-donor variability in human islets was also apparent in the extent of persistent DDR activation and SASP at the protein level. Notably, chemically induced DNA damage also led to DDR activation and senescent phenotypes in EndoC-βH5 human β cells, confirming that this response can occur directly in a human β cell line. Finally, DNA damage led to different effects on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mouse β cell lines as compared with human islets and EndoC β cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggest that some of the phenotypes of senescent β cells that accumulate during the development of T1D in the NOD mouse and humans can be modeled by chemically induced DNA damage to mouse β cell lines, human islets and EndoC β cells in culture. The differences between β cells from different mouse strains and different human islet donors and EndoC β cells highlights species differences and the role for genetic background in modifying the β cell response to DNA damage and its effects on insulin secretion. These culture models will be useful tools to understand some of the mechanisms of β cell senescence in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Brawerman
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Jasmine Pipella
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Peter J Thompson
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
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Khan MI, Ahmad MF, Ahmad I, Ashfaq F, Wahab S, Alsayegh AA, Kumar S, Hakeem KR. Arsenic Exposure through Dietary Intake and Associated Health Hazards in the Middle East. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102136. [PMID: 35631276 PMCID: PMC9146532 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary arsenic (As) contamination is a major public health issue. In the Middle East, the food supply relies primarily on the import of food commodities. Among different age groups the main source of As exposure is grains and grain-based food products, particularly rice and rice-based dietary products. Rice and rice products are a rich source of core macronutrients and act as a chief energy source across the world. The rate of rice consumption ranges from 250 to 650 g per day per person in South East Asian countries. The source of carbohydrates through rice is one of the leading causes of human As exposure. The Gulf population consumes primarily rice and ready-to-eat cereals as a large proportion of their meals. Exposure to arsenic leads to an increased risk of non-communicable diseases such as dysbiosis, obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, chronic heart disease, cancer, and maternal and fetal complications. The impact of arsenic-containing food items and their exposure on health outcomes are different among different age groups. In the Middle East countries, neurological deficit disorder (NDD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases are alarming issues. Arsenic exposure might be a causative factor that should be assessed by screening the population and regulatory bodies rechecking the limits of As among all age groups. Our goals for this review are to outline the source and distribution of arsenic in various foods and water and summarize the health complications linked with arsenic toxicity along with identified modifiers that add heterogeneity in biological responses and suggest improvements for multi-disciplinary interventions to minimize the global influence of arsenic. The development and validation of diverse analytical techniques to evaluate the toxic levels of different As contaminants in our food products is the need of the hour. Furthermore, standard parameters and guidelines for As-containing foods should be developed and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Idreesh Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences in Arras, Qassim University, Buraydah 58883, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Correspondence: or (M.F.A.); (S.W.)
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fauzia Ashfaq
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: or (M.F.A.); (S.W.)
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alsayegh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Sachil Kumar
- Department of Forensic Chemistry, College of Forensic Sciences, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences (NAUSS), Riyadh 14812, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al- Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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Fujimoto R, Ohta Y, Masuda K, Taguchi A, Akiyama M, Yamamoto K, Nakabayashi H, Nagao Y, Matsumura T, Hiroshige S, Kajimura Y, Akashi M, Tanizawa Y. Metabolic state switches between morning and evening in association with circadian clock in non‐diabetic humans. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:1496-1505. [PMID: 35429128 PMCID: PMC9434593 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Understanding morning–evening variation in metabolic state is critical for managing metabolic disorders. We aimed to characterize this variation from the viewpoints of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, including their relevance to the circadian rhythm. Materials and Methods A total of 14 and 10 people without diabetes were enrolled, and underwent a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp study, respectively. Participants completed the OGTT or hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp at 08.00 hours and 20.00 hours in random order. Before each study, hair follicles were collected. In mice, phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B were examined in the liver and muscle by western blotting. Results Glucose tolerance was better at 08 .00 hours, which was explained by the higher 1‐h insulin secretion on OGTT and increased skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity on hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp. Hepatic insulin sensitivity, estimated by the hepatic insulin resistance index on OGTT, was better at 20.00 hours. The 1‐h insulin secretion and hepatic insulin resistance index correlated significantly with Per2 messenger ribonucleic acid expression. The change (evening value – morning value) in the glucose infusion rate correlated significantly with the change in non‐esterified fatty acid, but not with clock gene expressions. The change in non‐esterified fatty acid correlated significantly with E4bp4 messenger ribonucleic acid expression and the change in cortisol. In mice, phosphorylation of protein kinase B was decreased in the liver and increased in muscle in the beginning of the active period as, expected from the human study. Conclusions Glucose metabolism in each tissue differed between the morning and evening, partly reflecting lipid metabolism, clock genes and cortisol levels. Deeper knowledge of these associations might be useful for ameliorating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruriko Fujimoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and Therapeutics Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Ube Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Ysuharu Ohta
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and Therapeutics Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Ube Yamaguchi Japan
- Department of Diabetes Research Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Konosuke Masuda
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and Therapeutics Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Ube Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Akihiko Taguchi
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and Therapeutics Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Ube Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Masaru Akiyama
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and Therapeutics Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Ube Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamamoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and Therapeutics Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Ube Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakabayashi
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and Therapeutics Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Ube Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Yuko Nagao
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and Therapeutics Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Ube Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Takuro Matsumura
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and Therapeutics Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Ube Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Syunsuke Hiroshige
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and Therapeutics Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Ube Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Yasuko Kajimura
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and Therapeutics Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Ube Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Makoto Akashi
- The Research Institute for Time Studies Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Yukio Tanizawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and Therapeutics Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Ube Yamaguchi Japan
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Misoprostol treatment prevents hypoxia-induced cardiac dysfunction through a 14-3-3 and PKA regulatory motif on Bnip3. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1105. [PMID: 34824192 PMCID: PMC8617186 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Systemic hypoxia is a common element in most perinatal emergencies and is a known driver of Bnip3 expression in the neonatal heart. Bnip3 plays a prominent role in the evolution of necrotic cell death, disrupting ER calcium homeostasis and initiating mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). Emerging evidence suggests a cardioprotective role for the prostaglandin E1 analog misoprostol during periods of hypoxia, but the mechanisms for this protection are not completely understood. Using a combination of mouse and cell models, we tested if misoprostol is cardioprotective during neonatal hypoxic injury by altering Bnip3 function. Here we report that hypoxia elicits mitochondrial-fragmentation, MPT, reduced ejection fraction, and evidence of necroinflammation, which were abrogated with misoprostol treatment or Bnip3 knockout. Through molecular studies we show that misoprostol leads to PKA-dependent Bnip3 phosphorylation at threonine-181, and subsequent redistribution of Bnip3 from mitochondrial Opa1 and the ER through an interaction with 14-3-3 proteins. Taken together, our results demonstrate a role for Bnip3 phosphorylation in the regulation of cardiomyocyte contractile/metabolic dysfunction, and necroinflammation. Furthermore, we identify a potential pharmacological mechanism to prevent neonatal hypoxic injury.
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Abstract
Beta cell dysfunction is central to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In T2D, environmental and genetic influences can manifest beta cell dysfunction in many ways, including impaired glucose-sensing and secretion coupling mechanisms, insufficient adaptative responses to stress, and aberrant beta cell loss through increased cell death and/or beta cell de-differentiation. In recent years, circadian disruption has emerged as an important environmental risk factor for T2D. In support of this, genetic disruption of the circadian timing system in rodents impairs insulin secretion and triggers diabetes development, lending important evidence that the circadian timing system is intimately connected to, and essential for the regulation of pancreatic beta cell function; however, the role of the circadian timing system in the regulation of beta cell biology is only beginning to be unraveled. Here, we review the recent literature that explores the importance of the pancreatic islet/beta cell circadian clock in the regulation of various aspects of beta cell biology, including transcriptional and functional control of daily cycles of insulin secretion capacity, regulation of postnatal beta cell maturation, and control of the adaptive responses of the beta cell to metabolic stress and acute injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Seshadri
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Christine A Doucette
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
- Correspondence: Christine A. Doucette, PhD, University of Manitoba, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Centre 603, 715 McDermot Ave, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3P4, Canada.
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Duan X, Sun W, Sun H, Zhang L. Perfluorooctane sulfonate continual exposure impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via SIRT1-induced upregulation of UCP2 expression. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 278:116840. [PMID: 33689947 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are environmentally and biologically persistent anthropogenic chemicals linked to adverse health outcomes. Epidemiological data have revealed association between exposure to specific PFAS and disruption of insulin level in bodies. However, the effect of PFASs on insulin secretion and the responsible molecular mechanism are poorly understood. In the present study, we used perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) as a representative PFAS family member to investigate its effect on the insulin secretion in mouse pancreatic β cells (β-TC-6). Our results showed that exposure to PFOS inhibited silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) activity, and molecular simulation showed PFOS could fit into the pocket overlapped with the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) binding cavity in SIRT1. PFOS exposure upregulated uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expression, and this upregulation was blunted in the presence of Ex-527, a SIRT1 specific inhibitor. The mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm), as well as the glucose-induced ATP production and Ca2+ influx decreased under PFOS treatment. PFOS continual exposure (48 h) impaired glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), while the gene expression of insulin was not significantly altered. Importantly, the SIRT1 activator and UCP2 inhibitor could partly reverse the PFOS-induced impairment of GSIS. Taken together, the results suggested that PFOS continual exposure could inhibit SIRT1 activity, and the SIRT1-UCP2 pathway mediated, at least partially, the PFOS induced GSIS impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Duan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Weijie Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Lianying Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
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Hou G, Jin Y, Liu M, Wang C, Song G. UCP2–866G/A Polymorphism is Associated with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:556-563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Naderi R, Shirpoor A, Samadi M, Pourheydar B, Moslehi A. Tropisetron improves pancreas function and increases insulin synthesis and secretion in the STZ-induced diabetic rats: involvement of UCP2/ZnT8 pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 72:1082-1091. [PMID: 32349166 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases. Tropisetron, as a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, has a considerable role in the inflammation and oxidative stress lowering. This study aimed to investigate the effect of this 5-HT3 receptor antagonist on insulin secretion in male diabetic rats and the possible mechanisms. METHODS Animals were divided into five equal groups; the control, tropisetron, diabetes, tropisetron-diabetes and glibenclamide-diabetes (7 in each group). Tropisetron and glibenclamide were administrated for 2 weeks after inducing type 1 diabetes. KEY FINDINGS We demonstrated that insulin secretion improved robustly in diabetes-tropisetron compared with the diabetic group. Oxidative stress biomarkers were lower in a diabetes-tropisetron group than in diabetic rats. Simultaneously, tropisetron administration promoted the expression of ZnT8 and GLUT2 and also beta-cell mass in pancreatic tissue, while the expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) was restrained. The histological evaluation confirmed our results. These effects were equipotent with glibenclamide, indicating that tropisetron can protect islets from the abnormal insulin secretion and morphological changes induced by type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS This effect might be partly related to the modulated UCP2/ZnT8 signal pathway and improved oxidative stress-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Naderi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alireza Shirpoor
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahrokh Samadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bagher Pourheydar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Azam Moslehi
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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13
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De Marchi U, Fernandez-Martinez S, de la Fuente S, Wiederkehr A, Santo-Domingo J. Mitochondrial ion channels in pancreatic β-cells: Novel pharmacological targets for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:2077-2095. [PMID: 32056196 PMCID: PMC8246559 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta‐cells are central regulators of glucose homeostasis. By tightly coupling nutrient sensing and granule exocytosis, beta‐cells adjust the secretion of insulin to the circulating blood glucose levels. Failure of beta‐cells to augment insulin secretion in insulin‐resistant individuals leads progressively to impaired glucose tolerance, Type 2 diabetes, and diabetes‐related diseases. Mitochondria play a crucial role in β‐cells during nutrient stimulation, linking the metabolism of glucose and other secretagogues to the generation of signals that promote insulin secretion. Mitochondria are double‐membrane organelles containing numerous channels allowing the transport of ions across both membranes. These channels regulate mitochondrial energy production, signalling, and cell death. The mitochondria of β‐cells express ion channels whose physio/pathological role is underappreciated. Here, we describe the mitochondrial ion channels identified in pancreatic β‐cells, we further discuss the possibility of targeting specific β‐cell mitochondrial channels for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, and we finally highlight the evidence from clinical studies. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Cellular metabolism and diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.10/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Fernandez-Martinez
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre de Recherche Clinique, HUG, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Sergio de la Fuente
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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14
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Li J, Jiang R, Cong X, Zhao Y. UCP2 gene polymorphisms in obesity and diabetes, and the role of UCP2 in cancer. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2525-2534. [PMID: 31330574 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the primary sites for ATP synthesis and free radical generation in organisms. Abnormal mitochondrial metabolism contributes to many diseases, including obesity, diabetes and cancer. UCP2 is an ion/anion transporter located in mitochondrial inner membrane, and has a crucial role in regulating oxidative stress, cellular metabolism, cell proliferation and cell death. Polymorphisms of the UCP2 gene have been associated with diabetes and obesity because UCP2 is involved in energy expenditure and insulin secretion. Moreover, UCP2 gene expression is often amplified in cancers, and increased UCP2 expression contributes to cancer growth, cancer metabolism, anti-apoptosis and drug resistance. The present review summarizes the latest findings of UCP2 with respect to obesity, diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinran Li
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neurosciences, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Rihua Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianling Cong
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neurosciences, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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15
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Agarwal P, Brar N, Morriseau TS, Kereliuk SM, Fonseca MA, Cole LK, Jha A, Xiang B, Hunt KL, Seshadri N, Hatch GM, Doucette CA, Dolinsky VW. Gestational Diabetes Adversely Affects Pancreatic Islet Architecture and Function in the Male Rat Offspring. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1907-1925. [PMID: 31237608 PMCID: PMC6656426 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fetal exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and poor postnatal diet are strong risk factors for type 2 diabetes development later in life, but the mechanisms connecting GDM exposure to offspring metabolic health remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine how GDM interacts with the postnatal diet to affect islet function in the offspring as well as characterize the gene expression changes in the islets. GDM was induced in female rats using a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFS) diet, and litters from lean or GDM dams were weaned onto a low-fat (LF) or HFS diet. Compared with the lean control offspring, GDM exposure reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islets isolated from 15-week-old offspring, which was additively worsened when GDM exposure was combined with postnatal HFS diet consumption. In the HFS diet-fed offspring of lean dams, islet size and number increased, an adaptation that was not observed in the HFS diet-fed offspring of GDM dams. Islet gene expression in the offspring of GDM dams was altered in such categories as inflammation (e.g., Il1b, Ccl2), mitochondrial function/oxidative stress resistance (e.g., Atp5f1, Sod2), and ribosomal proteins (e.g., Rps6, Rps14). These results demonstrate that GDM exposure induced marked changes in gene expression in the male young adult rat offspring that cumulatively interact to worsen islet function, whole-body glucose homeostasis, and adaptations to HFS diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasoon Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Manitoba Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Navdeep Brar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Manitoba Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Taylor S Morriseau
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Manitoba Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Kereliuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Manitoba Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mario A Fonseca
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Manitoba Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Laura K Cole
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Aruni Jha
- Manitoba Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Manitoba Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kristin L Hunt
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nivedita Seshadri
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Manitoba Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Christine A Doucette
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Manitoba Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Correspondence: Vernon W. Dolinsky, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 601 John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Avenue, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada. E-mail: ; or Christine A. Doucette, PhD, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 603 John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Mantitoba R3E 3P4, Canada. E-mail:
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Manitoba Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Correspondence: Vernon W. Dolinsky, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 601 John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Avenue, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada. E-mail: ; or Christine A. Doucette, PhD, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 603 John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Mantitoba R3E 3P4, Canada. E-mail:
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16
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Sabir S, Akash MSH, Fiayyaz F, Saleem U, Mehmood MH, Rehman K. Role of cadmium and arsenic as endocrine disruptors in the metabolism of carbohydrates: Inserting the association into perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108802. [PMID: 30921704 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have widespread environmental distribution originated from both natural and anthropogenic sources. From the last few decades, their contamination has been raised dramatically owing to continuous discharge in sewage and untreated industrial effluents. They have rapidly gained a considerable attention due to their critical role in the development of multiple endocrine-related disorders notably diabetes mellitus (DM). Cadmium and arsenic, among the most hazardous EDCs, are not only widely spread in our environment, but they are also found to be associated with wide range of health hazards. After entering into the human body, they are preferably accumulated in the liver, kidney and pancreas where they exhibit deleterious effects on carbohydrate metabolism pathways notably glycolysis, glucogenesis and gluconeogenesis through the modification and impairment of relevant key enzymes activity. Impairment of hepatic glucose homeostasis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of DM. Along with compromised function of pancreas and muscles, diminished liver and kidney functions also contribute considerably to increase the blood glucose level. These metals have potential to bring conformational changes in these enzymes and make them inactive. Additionally, these metals also disturb the hormonal balance, such as insulin, glucocorticoids and catecholamines; by damaging pancreas and adrenal gland, respectively. Moreover, these metals also enhance the production of reactive oxygen species and depress the anti-oxidative defense mechanism with subsequent disruption of multiple organs. In this article, we have briefly highlighted the impact of arsenic and cadmium on the metabolism of carbohydrates and the enzymes that are involved in carbohydrate metabolism and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakila Sabir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Fareeha Fiayyaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan; Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Kanwal Rehman
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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17
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Zhao L, Wang B, Wang L, Zhao X, Chen Z, Sun L. Design, screening and biological evaluation of novel fatty acid chain-modified oxyntomodulin-based derivatives with prolonged glucose-lowering ability and potent anti-obesity effects. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7760-7771. [PMID: 31389463 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01132c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Schematic diagram of the discovery, design, screening and evaluation of a fully novel OXM derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital
- Tangshan
- P.R. China
| | - Baohua Wang
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital
- Tangshan
- P.R. China
| | - Limin Wang
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital
- Tangshan
- P.R. China
| | - Xie Zhao
- Peking University
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Beijing
- P.R. China
| | - Zhe Chen
- North China University of Science and Technology
- Tangshan
- P.R. China
| | - Lixia Sun
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital
- Tangshan
- P.R. China
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18
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Quinault A, Leloup C, Denwood G, Spiegelhalter C, Rodriguez M, Lefebvre P, Messaddeq N, Zhang Q, Dacquet C, Pénicaud L, Collins SC. Modulation of large dense core vesicle insulin content mediates rhythmic hormone release from pancreatic beta cells over the 24h cycle. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193882. [PMID: 29543849 PMCID: PMC5854349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rhythmic nature of insulin secretion over the 24h cycle in pancreatic islets has been mostly investigated using transcriptomics studies showing that modulation of insulin secretion over this cycle is achieved via distal stages of insulin secretion. We set out to measure β-cell exocytosis using in depth cell physiology techniques at several time points. In agreement with the activity and feeding pattern of nocturnal rodents, we find that C57/Bl6J islets in culture for 24h exhibit higher insulin secretion during the corresponding dark phase than in the light phase (Zeitgeber Time ZT20 and ZT8, respectively, in vivo). Glucose-induced insulin secretion is increased by 21% despite normal intracellular Ca2+ transients and depolarization-evoked exocytosis, as measured by whole-cell capacitance measurements. This paradox is explained by a 1.37-fold increase in beta cell insulin content. Ultramorphological analyses show that vesicle size and density are unaltered, demonstrating that intravesicular insulin content per granule is modulated over the 24h cycle. Proinsulin levels did not change between ZT8 and ZT20. Islet glucagon content was inversely proportional to insulin content indicating that this unique feature is likely to support a physiological role. Microarray data identified the differential expression of 301 transcripts, of which 26 are miRNAs and 54 are known genes (including C2cd4b, a gene previously involved in insulin processing, and clock genes such as Bmal1 and Rev-erbα). Mouse β-cell secretion over the full course of the 24h cycle may rely on several distinct cellular functions but late night increase in insulin secretion depends solely on granule insulin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Quinault
- CSGA, AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9E Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, Dijon, France
| | - Corinne Leloup
- CSGA, AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9E Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, Dijon, France
| | - Geoffrey Denwood
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marianne Rodriguez
- Metabolism Discovery Research Pole of Therapeutical innovation Institut de Recherche Servier, 11 rue des Moulineaux Suresnes, France
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes and UMR 1011 Inserm Université Nord de France-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Boulevard du Professeur Leclerc, Lille, France
| | | | - Quan Zhang
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Dacquet
- Biotechnology and Biomarker Research, Institut de Recherche Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Luc Pénicaud
- CSGA, AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9E Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, Dijon, France
| | - Stephan C. Collins
- CSGA, AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9E Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, Dijon, France
- IGBMC, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- * E-mail:
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Alquier T, Poitout V. Considerations and guidelines for mouse metabolic phenotyping in diabetes research. Diabetologia 2018; 61:526-538. [PMID: 29143855 PMCID: PMC5805661 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mice are the most commonly used species in preclinical research on the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases. Although they are extremely useful for identifying pathways, mechanisms and genes regulating glucose and energy homeostasis, the specificities of the various mouse models and methodologies used to investigate a metabolic phenotype can have a profound impact on experimental results and their interpretation. This review aims to: (1) describe the most commonly used experimental tests to assess glucose and energy homeostasis in mice; (2) provide some guidelines regarding the design, analysis and interpretation of these tests, as well as for studies using genetic models; and (3) identify important caveats and confounding factors that must be taken into account in the interpretation of findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Alquier
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Office R08-418, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Office R08-418, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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20
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Seebacher F. The evolution of metabolic regulation in animals. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 224:195-203. [PMID: 29128642 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Energy metabolism is determined by a suite of regulatory mechanism, and their increasing complexity over evolutionary time provides the key to understanding the emergence of different metabolic phenotypes. Energy metabolism is at the core of biological processes because all organisms must maintain energy balance against thermodynamic gradients. Energy metabolism is regulated by a bewildering array of interacting molecular mechanisms, and much of what is known about metabolic regulation comes from the medical literature. However, ecology and evolutionary research would gain considerably by incorporating regulatory mechanisms more explicitly in research on topics such as the evolution of endothermy, metabolic plasticity, and energy balance. The purpose of this brief review is to summarise the main regulatory pathways of energy metabolism in animals and their evolutionary origins to make these complex interactions more accessible to researchers from a broad range of backgrounds. Some of the principal regulators of energy balance, such as the AMP-stimulated protein kinase, have an ancient prokaryotic origin. Most regulatory pathways (e.g. thyroid hormone, insulin, adipokines), however, are eukaryotic in origin and diversified substantially in metazoans and vertebrates. Diversification in vertebrates is at least partly due to genome duplications early in this lineage. The interaction between regulatory mechanisms permitted an increasingly sophisticated fine-tuning of energy balance and metabolism. Hence, regulatory complexity increased over evolutionary time, and taxa differ in their potential range of metabolic phenotypes. Choice of model organism therefore becomes important, and bacteria or even invertebrates are not good models for more derived vertebrates. Different metabolic phenotypes and their evolution, such as endothermy and metabolic plasticity, should be interpreted against this regulatory background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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