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Carneiro L, Fenech C, Liénard F, Grall S, Abed B, Haydar J, Allard C, Desmoulins L, Paccoud R, Brindisi MC, Mouillot T, Brondel L, Fioramonti X, Pénicaud L, Jacquin-Piques A, Leloup C. Hypothalamic Glucose Hypersensitivity-Induced Insulin Secretion in the Obese Zücker Rat Is Reversed by Central Ghrelin Treatment. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:837-849. [PMID: 36656675 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Part of hypothalamic (mediobasal hypothalamus [MBH]) neurons detect changes in blood glucose levels that in turn coordinate the vagal control of insulin secretion. This control cascade requires the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS), which is altered in models of obesity and insulin resistance. Obese, insulin-resistant Zücker rats are characterized by hypothalamic hypersensitivity to glucose. This initiates an abnormal vagus-induced insulin secretion, associated with an overproduction of mROS in response to a low glucose dose. Here, we hypothesized that ghrelin, known to buffer reactive oxygen species (ROS) via mitochondrial function, may be a major component of the hypothalamic glucose hypersensitivity in the hypoghrelinemic obese Zücker rat. Results: Hypothalamic glucose hypersensitivity-induced insulin secretion of Zücker obese rats was reversed by ghrelin pretreatment. The overproduction of MBH mROS in response to a low glucose load no longer occurred in obese rats that had previously received the cerebral ghrelin infusion. This decrease in mROS production was accompanied by a normalization of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Conversely, blocking the action of ghrelin with a growth hormone secretagogue receptor antagonist in a model of hyperghrelinemia (fasted rats) completely restored hypothalamic glucose sensing-induced insulin secretion that was almost absent in this physiological situation. Accordingly, ROS signaling and mitochondrial activity were increased by the ghrelin receptor antagonist. Innovation: These results demonstrate for the first time that ghrelin addressed only to the brain could have a protective effect on the defective control of insulin secretion in the insulin-resistant, hypoghrelinemic obese subject. Conclusions: Ghrelin, through its action on OXPHOS, modulates mROS signaling in response to cerebral hyperglycemia and the consequent vagal control of insulin secretion. In insulin-resistant obese states, brain hypoghrelinemia could be responsible for the nervous defect in insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Carneiro
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR Université de Bourgogne, CNRS 6265, INRAE 1324, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- INSERM U1220, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Fenech
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR Université de Bourgogne, CNRS 6265, INRAE 1324, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Fabienne Liénard
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR Université de Bourgogne, CNRS 6265, INRAE 1324, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvie Grall
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR Université de Bourgogne, CNRS 6265, INRAE 1324, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Besma Abed
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR Université de Bourgogne, CNRS 6265, INRAE 1324, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Joulia Haydar
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR Université de Bourgogne, CNRS 6265, INRAE 1324, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Camille Allard
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR Université de Bourgogne, CNRS 6265, INRAE 1324, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lucie Desmoulins
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR Université de Bourgogne, CNRS 6265, INRAE 1324, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Romain Paccoud
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR Université de Bourgogne, CNRS 6265, INRAE 1324, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Claude Brindisi
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR Université de Bourgogne, CNRS 6265, INRAE 1324, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Mouillot
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR Université de Bourgogne, CNRS 6265, INRAE 1324, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Brondel
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR Université de Bourgogne, CNRS 6265, INRAE 1324, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR Université de Bourgogne, CNRS 6265, INRAE 1324, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- NutriNeuro, UMR 1286 INRAE, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux INP, Neurocampus, Bordeaux, France
| | - Luc Pénicaud
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR Université de Bourgogne, CNRS 6265, INRAE 1324, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- STROMALab, CNRS ERL 5311, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Jacquin-Piques
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR Université de Bourgogne, CNRS 6265, INRAE 1324, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Corinne Leloup
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR Université de Bourgogne, CNRS 6265, INRAE 1324, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Sun C, Zhao S, Pan Z, Li J, Wang Y, Kuang H. The Role Played by Mitochondria in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. DNA Cell Biol 2024; 43:158-174. [PMID: 38588493 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2023.0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) refers to an endocrine disorder syndrome that are correlated with multiple organs and systems. PCOS has an effect on women at all stages of their lives, and it has an incidence nearly ranging from 6% to 20% worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunctions (e.g., oxidative stress, dynamic imbalance, and abnormal quality control system) have been identified in patients and animal models of PCOS, and the above processes may play a certain role in the development of PCOS and its associated complications. However, their specific pathogenic roles should be investigated in depth. In this review, recent studies on the mechanisms of action of mitochondrial dysfunction in PCOS and its associated clinical manifestations are summarized from the perspective of tissues and organs, and some studies on the treatment of the disease by improving mitochondrial function are reviewed to highlight key role of mitochondrial dysfunction in this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zimeng Pan
- Department of Gynecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gynecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yasong Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hongying Kuang
- Second Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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3
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Valentin-Escalera J, Leclerc M, Calon F. High-Fat Diets in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease: How Can Eating Too Much Fat Increase Alzheimer's Disease Risk? J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:977-1005. [PMID: 38217592 PMCID: PMC10836579 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
High dietary intake of saturated fatty acids is a suspected risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). To decipher the causal link behind these associations, high-fat diets (HFD) have been repeatedly investigated in animal models. Preclinical studies allow full control over dietary composition, avoiding ethical concerns in clinical trials. The goal of the present article is to provide a narrative review of reports on HFD in animal models of AD. Eligibility criteria included mouse models of AD fed a HFD defined as > 35% of fat/weight and western diets containing > 1% cholesterol or > 15% sugar. MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched from 1946 to August 2022, and 32 preclinical studies were included in the review. HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance have been replicated in most studies, but with methodological variability. Most studies have found an aggravating effect of HFD on brain Aβ pathology, whereas tau pathology has been much less studied, and results are more equivocal. While most reports show HFD-induced impairment on cognitive behavior, confounding factors may blur their interpretation. In summary, despite conflicting results, exposing rodents to diets highly enriched in saturated fat induces not only metabolic defects, but also cognitive impairment often accompanied by aggravated neuropathological markers, most notably Aβ burden. Although there are important variations between methods, particularly the lack of diet characterization, these studies collectively suggest that excessive intake of saturated fat should be avoided in order to lower the incidence of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Valentin-Escalera
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain - Laboratoire International Associé (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
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Chen Y, Yu T, Deuster P. Astaxanthin Protects Against Heat-induced Mitochondrial Alterations in Mouse Hypothalamus. Neuroscience 2021; 476:12-20. [PMID: 34543676 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus plays an essential role in regulating whole-body energy and temperature homeostasis when adapting to environmental changes. We previously reported that heat exposure causes mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in mouse skeletal muscle, and pretreatment with astaxanthin (AST), an antioxidant, prevents this effect. How the hypothalamus responds to heat stress remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the effects of heat exposure on hypothalamic mitochondria in mice with and without AST pretreatment. During heat exposure, both vehicle and AST-treated mice had a hyperthermic response though no significant differences in peak core body temperature were noted between the two groups. Heat exposure induced mitochondrial fission in the hypothalamus, as manifested by increased mitochondrial fragmentation and expression of both total and phosphorylated dynamin-related protein 1. In addition, transmission electron microscopy revealed damaged and degraded mitochondria in the hypothalamus of heat-exposed mice. Heat induced apoptosis and mitophagy were further confirmed by increased formation of reactive oxygen species, activation of caspase 3/7 and expression of LC3 proteins. Moreover, heat exposure increased the expression of PINK1 and Parkin in mouse hypothalamus. In contrast, pretreatment with AST reduced these effects. These results demonstrate that heat stress-induced hypothalamic apoptosis is associated with altered mitochondrial dynamics favoring fission and mitophagy. AST protects the hypothalamus against heat-induced injury by preserving redox homeostasis and mitochondrial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Tianzheng Yu
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Patricia Deuster
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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5
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Gu H, Yang K, Wu Q, Shen Z, Li X, Sun C. A link between protein acetylation and mitochondrial dynamics under energy metabolism: A comprehensive overview. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7926-7937. [PMID: 34101176 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cells adjust mitochondrial morphologies to coordinate between the cellular demand for energy and the availability of resources. Mitochondrial morphology is regulated by the balance between two counteracting mitochondrial processes of fusion and fission. Fission and fusion are dynamic and reversible processes that depend on the coordination of a number of proteins and are primarily regulated by posttranslational modifications. In the mitochondria, more than 20% of proteins are acetylated in proteomic surveys, partly involved in the dynamic regulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission. This article focuses on the molecular mechanism of the mitochondrial dynamics of fusion and fission, and summarizes the related mechanisms and targets of mitochondrial protein acetylation to regulate the mitochondrial dynamics of fusion and fission in energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhentong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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6
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Padder RA, Bhat ZI, Ahmad Z, Singh N, Husain M. DRP1 Promotes BRAF V600E-Driven Tumor Progression and Metabolic Reprogramming in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:592130. [PMID: 33738242 PMCID: PMC7961078 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.592130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles which remain in a continuous state of fission/ fusion dynamics to meet the metabolic needs of a cell. However, this fission/fusion dynamism has been reported to be dysregulated in most cancers. Such enhanced mitochondrial fission is demonstrated to be positively regulated by some activating oncogenic mutations; such as those of KRAS (Kristen rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue) or BRAF (B- rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma), thereby increasing tumor progression/ chemotherapeutic resistance and metabolic deregulation. However, the underlying mechanism(s) are still not clear, thus highlighting the need to further explore possible mechanism(s) of intervention. We sought to investigate how BRAFV600E driven CRC (colorectal cancer) progression is linked to mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamics and whether this window could be exploited to target CRC progression. Methods Western blotting was employed to study the differences in expression levels of key proteins regulating mitochondrial dynamics, which was further confirmed by confocal microscopy imaging of mitochondria in endogenously expressing BRAFWT and BRAFV600E CRC cells. Proliferation assays, soft agar clonogenic assays, glucose uptake/lactate production, ATP/ NADPH measurement assays were employed to study the extent of carcinogenesis and metabolic reprograming in BRAFV600E CRC cells. Genetic knockdown (shRNA/ siRNA) and/or pharmacologic inhibition of Dynamin related protein1/Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase1 (DRP1/PDK1) and/or BRAFV600E were employed to study the involvement and possible mechanism of these proteins in BRAFV600E driven CRC. Statistical analyses were carried out using Graph Pad Prism v 5.0, data was analyzed by unpaired t-test and two-way ANOVA with appropriate post hoc tests. Results Our results demonstrate that BRAFV600E CRC cells have higher protein levels of mitochondrial fission factor- DRP1/pDRP1S616 leading to a more fragmented mitochondrial state compared to those harboring BRAFWT . This fragmented mitochondrial state was found to confer glycolytic phenotype, clonogenic potential and metastatic advantage to cells harboring BRAFV600E . Interestingly, such fragmented mitochondrial state seemed positively regulated by mitochondrial PDK1 as observed through pharmacologic as well as genetic inhibition of PDK1. Conclusion In conclusion, our data suggest that BRAFV600E driven colorectal cancers have fragmented mitochondria which confers glycolytic phenotype and growth advantage to these tumors, and such phenotype is dependent at least in part on PDK1- thus highlighting a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayees Ahmad Padder
- 409-Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Zafar Iqbal Bhat
- Department of Zoology, PMB Gujrati Science College, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, India
| | - Zaki Ahmad
- 409-Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Husain
- 409-Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Du D, Zhang Y, Zhu C, Chen H, Sun J. Metabolic Regulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Hypothalamus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:650284. [PMID: 33763034 PMCID: PMC7984363 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.650284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The earliest hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) function was to respond to hypoxia or hypoxic conditions as a transcription factor. Recent studies have expanded our understanding of HIF, and a large amount of evidence indicates that HIF has an essential effect on central regulation of metabolism. The central nervous system's response to glucose, inflammation, and hormones' main influence on systemic metabolism are all regulated by HIF to varying degrees. In the hypothalamus, HIF mostly plays a role in inhibiting energy uptake and promoting energy expenditure, which depends not only on the single effect of HIF or a single part of the hypothalamus. In this paper, we summarize the recent progress in the central regulation of metabolism, describe in detail the role of HIF in various functions of the hypothalamus and related molecular mechanisms, and reveal that HIF is deeply involved in hypothalamic-mediated metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yugang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canjun Zhu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Sun, ; Hong Chen, ; Canjun Zhu,
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Sun, ; Hong Chen, ; Canjun Zhu,
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Sun, ; Hong Chen, ; Canjun Zhu,
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Transplantation of platelet-derived mitochondria alleviates cognitive impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction in db/db mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:2161-2175. [PMID: 32794577 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-associated cognitive impairment (DACI) can increase the risk of major cardiovascular events and death. Neuronal functionality is highly dependent on mitochondria and emerging evidence has shown that mitochondrial transplantation is a potential and effective strategy that can reduce brain injury and associated disorders. Platelets are abundant in blood and can be considered a readily available source of small-size mitochondria. These cells can be easily acquired from the peripheral blood with minimal invasion via simple venipuncture. The present study aimed to investigate whether transplantation of platelet-derived mitochondria (Mito-Plt) could improve DACI. Cognitive behaviors were assessed using the Morris water maze test in db/db mice. The results demonstrated that Mito-Plt was internalized into hippocampal neurons 24 h following intracerebroventricular injection. Importantly, one month following Mito-Plt transplantation, DACI was alleviated in db/db mice and the effect was accompanied with increased mitochondrial number, restored mitochondrial function, attenuated oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis, as well as decreased accumulation of Aβ and Tau in the hippocampus. Taken together, the data demonstrated that transplantation of Mito-Plt attenuated cognitive impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction in db/db mice. This method may be a potential therapeutic application for the treatment of DACI.
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9
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Haigh JL, New LE, Filippi BM. Mitochondrial Dynamics in the Brain Are Associated With Feeding, Glucose Homeostasis, and Whole-Body Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:580879. [PMID: 33240218 PMCID: PMC7680879 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.580879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is responsible for maintaining whole-body energy homeostasis by changing energy input and availability. The hypothalamus and dorsal vagal complex (DVC) are the primary sites of metabolic control, able to sense both hormones and nutrients and adapt metabolism accordingly. The mitochondria respond to the level of nutrient availability by fusion or fission to maintain energy homeostasis; however, these processes can be disrupted by metabolic diseases including obesity and type II diabetes (T2D). Mitochondrial dynamics are crucial in the development and maintenance of obesity and T2D, playing a role in the control of glucose homeostasis and whole-body metabolism across neurons and glia in the hypothalamus and DVC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beatrice M. Filippi
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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10
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Mens Sana in Corpore Sano: Does the Glycemic Index Have a Role to Play? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102989. [PMID: 33003562 PMCID: PMC7599769 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although diet interventions are mostly related to metabolic disorders, nowadays they are used in a wide variety of pathologies. From diabetes and obesity to cardiovascular diseases, to cancer or neurological disorders and stroke, nutritional recommendations are applied to almost all diseases. Among such disorders, metabolic disturbances and brain function and/or diseases have recently been shown to be linked. Indeed, numerous neurological functions are often associated with perturbations of whole-body energy homeostasis. In this regard, specific diets are used in various neurological conditions, such as epilepsy, stroke, or seizure recovery. In addition, Alzheimer’s disease and Autism Spectrum Disorders are also considered to be putatively improved by diet interventions. Glycemic index diets are a novel developed indicator expected to anticipate the changes in blood glucose induced by specific foods and how they can affect various physiological functions. Several results have provided indications of the efficiency of low-glycemic index diets in weight management and insulin sensitivity, but also cognitive function, epilepsy treatment, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. Overall, studies involving the glycemic index can provide new insights into the relationship between energy homeostasis regulation and brain function or related disorders. Therefore, in this review, we will summarize the main evidence on glycemic index involvement in brain mechanisms of energy homeostasis regulation.
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11
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Dai W, Wang G, Chwa J, Oh ME, Abeywardana T, Yang Y, Wang QA, Jiang L. Mitochondrial division inhibitor (mdivi-1) decreases oxidative metabolism in cancer. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1288-1297. [PMID: 32147668 PMCID: PMC7188673 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies suggested that mdivi-1 (mitochondrial division inhibitor), a putative inhibitor of dynamin-related protein (DRP1), decreased cancer cell proliferation through inducing mitochondrial fusion and altering oxygen consumption. However, the metabolic reprogramming underlying the DRP1 inhibition is still unclear in cancer cells. Methods To better understand the metabolic effect of DRP1 inhibition, [U-13C]glucose isotope tracing was employed to assess mdivi-1 effects in several cancer cell lines, DRP1-WT (wild-type) and DRP1-KO (knockout) H460 lung cancer cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Results Mitochondrial staining confirmed that mdivi-1 treatment and DRP1 deficiency induced mitochondrial fusion. Surprisingly, metabolic isotope tracing found that mdivi-1 decreased mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in the lung cancer cell lines H460, A549 and the colon cancer cell line HCT116. [U-13C]glucose tracing studies also showed that the TCA cycle intermediates had significantly lower enrichment in mdivi-1-treated cells. In comparison, DRP1-WT and DRP1-KO H460 cells had similar oxidative metabolism, which was decreased by mdivi-1 treatment. Furthermore, mdivi-1-mediated effects on oxidative metabolism were independent of mitochondrial fusion. Conclusions Our data suggest that, in cancer cells, mdivi-1, a putative inhibitor of DRP1, decreases oxidative metabolism to impair cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Dai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jason Chwa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Myung Eun Oh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Tharindumala Abeywardana
- Departments of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yanzhong Yang
- Departments of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Qiong A Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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Wu X, Luo J, Liu H, Cui W, Guo K, Zhao L, Bai H, Guo W, Guo H, Feng D, Qu Y. Recombinant Adiponectin Peptide Ameliorates Brain Injury Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Suppressing Astrocyte-Derived Inflammation via the Inhibition of Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:924-939. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00768-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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