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Sun J, Zhao J, Jiang F, Wang L, Xiao Q, Han F, Chen J, Yuan S, Wei J, Larsson SC, Zhang H, Dunlop MG, Farrington SM, Ding K, Theodoratou E, Li X. Identification of novel protein biomarkers and drug targets for colorectal cancer by integrating human plasma proteome with genome. Genome Med 2023; 15:75. [PMID: 37726845 PMCID: PMC10508028 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proteome is a major source of therapeutic targets. We conducted a proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) study to identify candidate protein markers and therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) were derived from seven published genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on plasma proteome, and summary-level data were extracted for 4853 circulating protein markers. Genetic associations with CRC were obtained from a large-scale GWAS meta-analysis (16,871 cases and 26,328 controls), the FinnGen cohort (4957 cases and 304,197 controls), and the UK Biobank (9276 cases and 477,069 controls). Colocalization and summary-data-based MR (SMR) analyses were performed sequentially to verify the causal role of candidate proteins. Single cell-type expression analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI), and druggability evaluation were further conducted to detect the specific cell type with enrichment expression and prioritize potential therapeutic targets. RESULTS Collectively, genetically predicted levels of 13 proteins were associated with CRC risk. Elevated levels of two proteins (GREM1, CHRDL2) and decreased levels of 11 proteins were associated with an increased risk of CRC, among which four (GREM1, CLSTN3, CSF2RA, CD86) were prioritized with the most convincing evidence. These protein-coding genes are mainly expressed in tissue stem cells, epithelial cells, and monocytes in colon tumor tissue. Two interactive pairs of proteins (GREM1 and CHRDL2; MMP2 and TIMP2) were identified to be involved in osteoclast differentiation and tumorigenesis pathways; four proteins (POLR2F, CSF2RA, CD86, MMP2) have been targeted for drug development on autoimmune diseases and other cancers, with the potentials of being repurposed as therapeutic targets for CRC. CONCLUSIONS This study identified several protein biomarkers to be associated with CRC risk and provided new insights into the etiology and promising targets for the development of screening biomarkers and therapeutic drugs for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhui Zhao
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangyuan Jiang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Qian Xiao
- Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengyan Han
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingsun Wei
- Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Malcolm G Dunlop
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan M Farrington
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kefeng Ding
- Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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3
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Guo J, Huang S, Yi Q, Liu N, Cui T, Duan S, Chen J, Li J, Li J, Wang L, Gao Y, Nie G. Hepatic Clstn3 Ameliorates Lipid Metabolism Disorders in High Fat Diet-Induced NAFLD through Activation of FXR. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26158-26169. [PMID: 37521618 PMCID: PMC10373204 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become serious liver disease all over the world. At present, NAFLD caused by high calorie and fat diet is increasing. Calsyntenin-3 (Clstn3) is a transmembrane protein that has recently been found to participate in lipid energy metabolism. But whether Clstn3 affects NAFLD lipid metabolism has not been analyzed. We stimulate the mice primary hepatocytes (MPHs) with oleic acid and palmitic acid (OA&PA) to establish a cell model. Then, potential targets, including Clstn3 gene, were validated for improving lipid metabolism disorder in NAFLD model mice (HFD and db/db) by silencing and overexpressing hepatic Clstn3. Moreover, the effects of Clstn3 on lipid homeostasis were determined by functional determination, triglyceride (TG) levels, total cholesterol (TC) levels, ELISA, and qRT-PCR detection. Our results displayed that Clstn3 was decreased in the NAFLD mice model. Also, overexpression of Clstn3 improved lipid metabolism disorders, gluconeogenesis, and energy homeostasis and reduced liver injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress injury. However, opposite results were obtained in Clstn3-silencing mice, suggesting that the Clstn3 gene is closely related to lipid metabolism disorder in NAFLD. RNAseq expression demonstrated that Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) expression was increased after overexpression of Clstn3. Clstn3 supplementation in FXRKO mice can improve the dysfunction caused by insufficient FXR, suggesting that Clstn3 can improve the NAFLD lipid metabolism disorder to some extent through FXR, which may provide a new method for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Guo
- Science
and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou
University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University
of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Shangyi Huang
- Science
and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou
University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Qincheng Yi
- State
Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University
of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Naihua Liu
- Science
and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou
University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Tianqi Cui
- Science
and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou
University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Siwei Duan
- Science
and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou
University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jiabing Chen
- Science
and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou
University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Science
and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou
University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jun Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University
of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University
of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Department
of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated
Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Science
and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou
University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Guangning Nie
- State
Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University
of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Department
of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
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4
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Todorova V, Savova MS, Ivanova S, Ivanov K, Georgiev MI. Anti-Adipogenic Activity of Rhaponticum carthamoides and Its Secondary Metabolites. Nutrients 2023; 15:3061. [PMID: 37447387 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides their common use as an adaptogen, Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin. rhizome and its root extract (RCE) are also reported to beneficially affect lipid metabolism. The main characteristic secondary metabolites of RCE are phytoecdysteroids. In order to determine an RCE's phytoecdysteroid profile, a novel, sensitive, and robust high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed and validated. Moreover, a comparative analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of RCE and its secondary metabolites on adipogenesis and adipolysis. The evaluation of the anti-adipogenic and lipolytic effects was performed using human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome cells, where lipid staining and measurement of released glycerol and free fatty acids were employed. The HPTLC method confirmed the presence of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), ponasterone A (PA), and turkesterone (TU) in RCE. The observed results revealed that RCE, 20E, and TU significantly reduced lipid accumulation in human adipocytes, demonstrating their anti-adipogenic activity. Moreover, RCE and 20E were found to effectively stimulate basal lipolysis. However, no significant effects were observed with PA and TU applications. Based on our findings, RCE and 20E affect both lipogenesis and lipolysis, while TU only restrains adipogenesis. These results are fundamental for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velislava Todorova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Martina S Savova
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Stanislava Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Kalin Ivanov
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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5
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Qian K, Tol MJ, Wu J, Uchiyama LF, Xiao X, Cui L, Bedard AH, Weston TA, Rajendran PS, Vergnes L, Shimanaka Y, Yin Y, Jami-Alahmadi Y, Cohn W, Bajar BT, Lin CH, Jin B, DeNardo LA, Black DL, Whitelegge JP, Wohlschlegel JA, Reue K, Shivkumar K, Chen FJ, Young SG, Li P, Tontonoz P. CLSTN3β enforces adipocyte multilocularity to facilitate lipid utilization. Nature 2023; 613:160-168. [PMID: 36477540 PMCID: PMC9995219 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multilocular adipocytes are a hallmark of thermogenic adipose tissue1,2, but the factors that enforce this cellular phenotype are largely unknown. Here, we show that an adipocyte-selective product of the Clstn3 locus (CLSTN3β) present in only placental mammals facilitates the efficient use of stored triglyceride by limiting lipid droplet (LD) expansion. CLSTN3β is an integral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein that localizes to ER-LD contact sites through a conserved hairpin-like domain. Mice lacking CLSTN3β have abnormal LD morphology and altered substrate use in brown adipose tissue, and are more susceptible to cold-induced hypothermia despite having no defect in adrenergic signalling. Conversely, forced expression of CLSTN3β is sufficient to enforce a multilocular LD phenotype in cultured cells and adipose tissue. CLSTN3β associates with cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector proteins and impairs their ability to transfer lipid between LDs, thereby restricting LD fusion and expansion. Functionally, increased LD surface area in CLSTN3β-expressing adipocytes promotes engagement of the lipolytic machinery and facilitates fatty acid oxidation. In human fat, CLSTN3B is a selective marker of multilocular adipocytes. These findings define a molecular mechanism that regulates LD form and function to facilitate lipid utilization in thermogenic adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Qian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marcus J Tol
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jin Wu
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lauren F Uchiyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xu Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liujuan Cui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander H Bedard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Weston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pradeep S Rajendran
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center and Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuta Shimanaka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yesheng Yin
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yasaman Jami-Alahmadi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Whitaker Cohn
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bryce T Bajar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chia-Ho Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benita Jin
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laura A DeNardo
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas L Black
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julian P Whitelegge
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James A Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kalyanam Shivkumar
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center and Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Feng-Jung Chen
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Stephen G Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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