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Liu Y, Yang H, Luo N, Fu Y, Qiu F, Pan Z, Li X, Jian W, Yang X, Xue Q, Luo Y, Yu B, Liu Z. An Fgr kinase inhibitor attenuates sepsis-associated encephalopathy by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation via the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 21:486. [PMID: 37475042 PMCID: PMC10360347 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is characterized by diffuse brain dysfunction, long-term cognitive impairment, and increased morbidity and mortality. The current treatment for SAE is mainly symptomatic; the lack of specific treatment options and a poor understanding of the underlying mechanism of disease are responsible for poor patient outcomes. Fgr is a member of the Src family of tyrosine kinases and is involved in the innate immune response, hematologic cancer, diet-induced obesity, and hemorrhage-induced thalamic pain. This study investigated the protection provided by an Fgr kinase inhibitor in SAE and the underlying mechanism(s) of action. METHODS A cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced mouse sepsis model was established. Mice were treated with or without an Fgr inhibitor and a PGC-1α inhibitor/activator. An open field test, a novel object recognition test, and an elevated plus maze were used to assess neurobehavioral changes in the mice. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to measure protein expression, and mRNA levels were measured using quantitative PCR (qPCR). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to quantify inflammatory cytokines. Mitochondrial membrane potential and morphology were measured by JC-1, electron microscopy, and the MitoTracker Deep Red probe. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction were analyzed. In addition, the regulatory effect of Fgr on sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was assessed. RESULTS CLP-induced sepsis increased the expression of Fgr in the hippocampal neurons. Pharmacological inhibition of Fgr attenuated CLP-induced neuroinflammation, the survival rate, cognitive and emotional dysfunction, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, Fgr interacted with SIRT1 and reduced its activity and expression. In addition, activation of SIRT1/PGC-1α promoted the protective effects of the Fgr inhibitor on CLP-induced brain dysfunction, while inactivation of SIRT1/PGC-1α counteracted the benefits of the Fgr inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report of Fgr kinase inhibition markedly ameliorating SAE through activation of the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, and this may be a promising therapeutic target for SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nanbo Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifei Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenglong Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiongjuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenling Jian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinping Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingsheng Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Buwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Chen L, Chau WY, Yuen HT, Liu XH, Qi RZ, Lung ML, Lung HL. THY1 (CD90) Maintains the Adherens Junctions in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma via Inhibition of SRC Activation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072189. [PMID: 37046850 PMCID: PMC10093038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We had previously shown that THY1 (CD90) is a tumor suppressor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and that its down-regulation and loss of expression are associated with tumor metastasis, yet the mechanism leading to such effects remains unknown. In this study we show that tumor invasion could be suppressed by THY1 via adherens junction formation in a few NPC cell lines, and knockdown of THY1 would disrupt this cell-cell adhesion phenotype. Mechanistically, the activity of the SRC family kinase (SFK) member, SRC, and canonical Wnt signaling were dramatically reduced when THY1 was constitutively expressed. Previous studies by others have found that high levels of SRC activity in NPCs are associated with EMT and a poor prognosis. We hypothesized that THY1 can suppress tumor invasion in NPC via inhibition of SRC. By gene silencing of SRC, we found that the in vitro NPC cell invasion was significantly reduced and adherens junctions were restored. Through proteomic analysis, we identified that platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGF-Rβ) and protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) are novel and potential binding partners of THY1, which were subsequently verified by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) analysis. The ligand of PDGF-Rβ (PDGF-BB) could highly induce SRC activation and NPC cell invasion, which could be almost completely suppressed by THY1 expression. On the other hand, the PTPN22 siRNA could enhance both the SRC activities and the cell invasion and could also disrupt the adherens junctions in the THY1-expressing NPC cells; the original THY1-induced phenotypes were reverted when the PTPN22 expression was reduced. Together, our results identified that PTPN22 is essential for THY1 to suppress cell invasion and SRC activity, maintain tight adherens junctions, and prevent NPC metastasis. These results suggested that PDGF-Rβ and SRC can be used as drug targets for suppressing NPC metastasis. Indeed, our in vivo assay using the SRC inhibitor KX2-391, clearly showed that inhibition of SRC signaling can prevent the metastasis of NPC, indicating that targeting SRC can be a promising approach to control the NPC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wai Yin Chau
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hei Tung Yuen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiao Han Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Robert Zhong Qi
- Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511400, China
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hong Lok Lung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
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3
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Ahangari F, Becker C, Foster DG, Chioccioli M, Nelson M, Beke K, Wang X, Justet A, Adams T, Readhead B, Meador C, Correll K, Lili LN, Roybal HM, Rose KA, Ding S, Barnthaler T, Briones N, DeIuliis G, Schupp JC, Li Q, Omote N, Aschner Y, Sharma L, Kopf KW, Magnusson B, Hicks R, Backmark A, Dela Cruz CS, Rosas I, Cousens LP, Dudley JT, Kaminski N, Downey GP. Saracatinib, a Selective Src Kinase Inhibitor, Blocks Fibrotic Responses in Preclinical Models of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:1463-1479. [PMID: 35998281 PMCID: PMC9757097 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202010-3832oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and often fatal disorder. Two U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved antifibrotic drugs, nintedanib and pirfenidone, slow the rate of decline in lung function, but responses are variable and side effects are common. Objectives: Using an in silico data-driven approach, we identified a robust connection between the transcriptomic perturbations in IPF disease and those induced by saracatinib, a selective Src kinase inhibitor originally developed for oncological indications. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that saracatinib would be effective at attenuating pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: We investigated the antifibrotic efficacy of saracatinib relative to nintedanib and pirfenidone in three preclinical models: 1) in vitro in normal human lung fibroblasts; 2) in vivo in bleomycin and recombinant Ad-TGF-β (adenovirus transforming growth factor-β) murine models of pulmonary fibrosis; and 3) ex vivo in mice and human precision-cut lung slices from these two murine models as well as patients with IPF and healthy donors. Measurements and Main Results: In each model, the effectiveness of saracatinib in blocking fibrogenic responses was equal or superior to nintedanib and pirfenidone. Transcriptomic analyses of TGF-β-stimulated normal human lung fibroblasts identified specific gene sets associated with fibrosis, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, TGF-β, and WNT signaling that was uniquely altered by saracatinib. Transcriptomic analysis of whole-lung extracts from the two animal models of pulmonary fibrosis revealed that saracatinib reverted many fibrogenic pathways, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immune responses, and extracellular matrix organization. Amelioration of fibrosis and inflammatory cascades in human precision-cut lung slices confirmed the potential therapeutic efficacy of saracatinib in human lung fibrosis. Conclusions: These studies identify novel Src-dependent fibrogenic pathways and support the study of the therapeutic effectiveness of saracatinib in IPF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Ahangari
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christine Becker
- Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Daniel G. Foster
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Maurizio Chioccioli
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Meghan Nelson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Keriann Beke
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Xing Wang
- Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Aurelien Justet
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Service de Pneumologie, UNICAEN, Normandie University, Caen, France
| | - Taylor Adams
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Benjamin Readhead
- Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Carly Meador
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Kelly Correll
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Loukia N. Lili
- Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and
| | - Helen M. Roybal
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Kadi-Ann Rose
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shuizi Ding
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Thomas Barnthaler
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Section of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Natalie Briones
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Giuseppe DeIuliis
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jonas C. Schupp
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Qin Li
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Norihito Omote
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yael Aschner
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Katrina W. Kopf
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Björn Magnusson
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, Research & Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ryan Hicks
- BioPharmaceuticals Research & Development Cell Therapy, Research, and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Backmark
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, Research & Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Charles S. Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ivan Rosas
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Leslie P. Cousens
- Emerging Innovations, Discovery Sciences, Research & Development, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joel T. Dudley
- Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gregory P. Downey
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
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4
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Krchniakova M, Paukovcekova S, Chlapek P, Neradil J, Skoda J, Veselska R. Thiosemicarbazones and selected tyrosine kinase inhibitors synergize in pediatric solid tumors: NDRG1 upregulation and impaired prosurvival signaling in neuroblastoma cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:976955. [PMID: 36160437 PMCID: PMC9490180 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.976955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are frequently used in combined therapy to enhance treatment efficacy and overcome drug resistance. The present study analyzed the effects of three inhibitors, sunitinib, gefitinib, and lapatinib, combined with iron-chelating agents, di-2-pyridylketone-4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT) or di-2-pyridylketone-4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC). Simultaneous administration of the drugs consistently resulted in synergistic and/or additive activities against the cell lines derived from the most frequent types of pediatric solid tumors. The results of a detailed analysis of cell signaling in the neuroblastoma cell lines revealed that TKIs inhibited the phosphorylation of the corresponding receptor tyrosine kinases, and thiosemicarbazones downregulated the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, leading to a strong induction of apoptosis. Marked upregulation of the metastasis suppressor N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1), which is known to be activated and upregulated by thiosemicarbazones in adult cancers, was also detected in thiosemicarbazone-treated neuroblastoma cells. Importantly, these effects were more pronounced in the cells treated with drug combinations, especially with the combinations of lapatinib with thiosemicarbazones. Therefore, these results provide a rationale for novel strategies combining iron-chelating agents with TKIs in therapy of pediatric solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Krchniakova
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Silvia Paukovcekova
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petr Chlapek
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jakub Neradil
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Skoda
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jan Skoda, ; Renata Veselska,
| | - Renata Veselska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jan Skoda, ; Renata Veselska,
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Qin Y, Zheng Z, Chu B, Kong Q, Ke M, Voss C, Li SSC, Tian R. Generic Plug-and-Play Strategy for High-Throughput Analysis of PTM-Mediated Protein Complexes. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6799-6808. [PMID: 35471023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein complexes mediated by various post-translational modifications (PTMs) play important roles in almost every aspect of biological processes. PTM-mediated protein complexes often have weak and transient binding properties, which limit their unbiased profiling especially in complex biological samples. Here, we developed a plug-and-play chemical proteomic approach for high-throughput analyis of PTM-mediated protein complexes. Taking advantage of the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) tag, which is the gold standard for protein purification and has wide access to a variety of proteins of interest (POIs), a glutathione (GSH) group- and photo-cross-linking group-containing trifunctional chemical probe was developed to tag POIs and assembled onto a streptavidin-coated 96-well plate for affinity purification, photo-cross-linking, and proteomics sample preparation in a fully integrated manner. Compared with the previously developed photo-pTyr-scaffold strategy, by assembling the tyrosine phosphorylation (pTyr) binding domain through covalent NHS chemistry, the new plug-and-play strategy using a noncovalent GST-GSH interaction has comparable enrichment efficiency for EGF stimulation-dependent pTyr protein complexes. To further prove its feasibility, we additionally assembled four pTyr-binding domains in the 96-well plate and selectively identified their pTyr-dependent interacting proteins. Importantly, we systematically optimized and applied the plug-and-play approach for exploring protein methylation-mediated protein complexes, which are difficult to be characterized due to their weak binding affinity and the lack of efficient enrichment strategies. We explored a comprehensive protein methylation-mediated interaction network assembled by five protein methylation binding domains including the chromo domain of MPP8, tandem tudor domain of KDM4A, full-length CBX1, PHD domain of RAG2, and tandem tudor domain of TP53BP1 and validated the chromo domain- and tudor domain-mediated interaction with histone H3. Collectively, this plug-and-play approach provides a convenient and generic strategy for exploring PTM-dependent protein complexes for any POIs with the GST tag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqiu Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhendong Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bizhu Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qian Kong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Mi Ke
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Courtney Voss
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Shawn S C Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Ruijun Tian
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Alfonzo-Méndez MA, Sochacki KA, Strub MP, Taraska JW. Dual clathrin and integrin signaling systems regulate growth factor receptor activation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:905. [PMID: 35173166 PMCID: PMC8850434 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between growth factor and adhesion receptors is key for cell growth and migration. In pathological settings, these receptors are drivers of cancer. Yet, how growth and adhesion signals are spatially organized and integrated is poorly understood. Here we use quantitative fluorescence and electron microscopy to reveal a mechanism where flat clathrin lattices partition and activate growth factor signals via a coordinated response that involves crosstalk between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the adhesion receptor β5-integrin. We show that ligand-activated EGFR, Grb2, Src, and β5-integrin are captured by clathrin coated-structures at the plasma membrane. Clathrin structures dramatically grow in response to EGF into large flat plaques and provide a signaling platform that link EGFR and β5-integrin through Src-mediated phosphorylation. Disrupting this EGFR/Src/β5-integrin axis prevents both clathrin plaque growth and dampens receptor signaling. Our study reveals a reciprocal regulation between clathrin lattices and two different receptor systems to coordinate and enhance signaling. These findings have broad implications for the regulation of growth factor signaling, adhesion, and endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Alfonzo-Méndez
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kem A Sochacki
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marie-Paule Strub
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Justin W Taraska
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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7
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Rudd CE. How the Discovery of the CD4/CD8-p56 lck Complexes Changed Immunology and Immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:626095. [PMID: 33791292 PMCID: PMC8005572 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.626095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The past 25 years have seen enormous progress in uncovering the receptors and signaling mechanisms on T-cells that activate their various effecter functions. Until the late 1980s, most studies on T-cells had focused on the influx of calcium and the levels of cAMP/GMP in T-cells. My laboratory then uncovered the interaction of CD4 and CD8 co-receptors with the protein-tyrosine kinase p56lck which are now widely accepted as the initiators of the tyrosine phosphorylation cascade leading to T-cell activation. The finding explained how immune recognition receptors expressed by many immune cells, which lack intrinsic catalytic activity, can transduce activation signals via non-covalent association with non-receptor tyrosine kinases. The discovery also established the concept that a protein tyrosine phosphorylation cascade operated in T-cells. In this vein, we and others then showed that the CD4- and CD8-p56lck complexes phosphorylate the TCR complexes which led to the identification of other protein-tyrosine kinases such as ZAP-70 and an array of substrates that are now central to studies in T-cell immunity. Other receptors such as B-cell receptor, Fc receptors and others were also subsequently found to use src kinases to control cell growth. In T-cells, p56lck driven phosphorylation targets include co-receptors such as CD28 and CTLA-4 and immune cell-specific adaptor proteins such as LAT and SLP-76 which act to integrate signals proximal to surface receptors. CD4/CD8-p56lck regulated events in T-cells include intracellular calcium mobilization, integrin activation and the induction of transcription factors for gene expression. Lastly, the identification of the targets of p56lck in the TCR and CD28 provided the framework for the development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy in the treatment of cancer. In this review, I outline a history of the development of events that led to the development of the "TCR signaling paradigm" and its implications to immunology and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Rudd
- Division of Immunology-Oncology, Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (CR-HMR), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infection and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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8
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SRC Signaling in Cancer and Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1270:57-71. [PMID: 33123993 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-47189-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pioneering experiments performed by Harold Varmus and Mike Bishop in 1976 led to one of the most influential discoveries in cancer research and identified the first cancer-causing oncogene called Src. Later experimental and clinical evidence suggested that Src kinase plays a significant role in promoting tumor growth and progression and its activity is associated with poor patient survival. Thus, several Src inhibitors were developed and approved by FDA for treatment of cancer patients. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a highly complex and dynamic milieu where significant cross-talk occurs between cancer cells and TME components, which consist of tumor-associated macrophages, fibroblasts, and other immune and vascular cells. Growth factors and chemokines activate multiple signaling cascades in TME and induce multiple kinases and pathways, including Src, leading to tumor growth, invasion/metastasis, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and progression. Here, we will systemically evaluate recent findings regarding regulation of Src and significance of targeting Src in cancer therapy.
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Deb B, George IA, Sharma J, Kumar P. Phosphoproteomics Profiling to Identify Altered Signaling Pathways and Kinase-Targeted Cancer Therapies. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2051:241-264. [PMID: 31552632 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9744-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is one of the most extensively studied posttranslational modifications (PTM), which regulates cellular functions like cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and cell signaling. Kinase families cover a wide number of oncoproteins and are strongly associated with cancer. Identification of driver kinases is an intense area of cancer research. Thus, kinases serve as the potential target to improve the efficacy of targeted therapies. Mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomic approach has paved the way to the identification of a large number of altered phosphorylation events in proteins and signaling cascades that may lead to oncogenic processes in a cell. Alterations in signaling pathways result in the activation of oncogenic processes predominantly regulated by kinases and phosphatases. Therefore, drugs such as kinase inhibitors, which target dysregulated pathways, represent a promising area for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnali Deb
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Irene A George
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India. .,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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10
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Ancuceanu R, Tamba B, Stoicescu CS, Dinu M. Use of QSAR Global Models and Molecular Docking for Developing New Inhibitors of c-src Tyrosine Kinase. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010019. [PMID: 31861445 PMCID: PMC6981969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A prototype of a family of at least nine members, cellular Src tyrosine kinase is a therapeutically interesting target because its inhibition might be of interest not only in a number of malignancies, but also in a diverse array of conditions, from neurodegenerative pathologies to certain viral infections. Computational methods in drug discovery are considerably cheaper than conventional methods and offer opportunities of screening very large numbers of compounds in conditions that would be simply impossible within the wet lab experimental settings. We explored the use of global quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models and molecular ligand docking in the discovery of new c-src tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Using a dataset of 1038 compounds from ChEMBL database, we developed over 350 QSAR classification models. A total of 49 models with reasonably good performance were selected and the models were assembled by stacking with a simple majority vote and used for the virtual screening of over 100,000 compounds. A total of 744 compounds were predicted by at least 50% of the QSAR models as active, 147 compounds were within the applicability domain and predicted by at least 75% of the models to be active. The latter 147 compounds were submitted to molecular ligand docking using AutoDock Vina and LeDock, and 89 were predicted to be active based on the energy of binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ancuceanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (R.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Bogdan Tamba
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Silvia Stoicescu
- Department of Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Dinu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (R.A.); (M.D.)
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11
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Huang J, Pan Y, Hu G, Sun W, Jiang L, Wang P, Ding X. SRC fine-tunes ADAM10 shedding activity to promote pituitary adenoma cell progression. FEBS J 2019; 287:190-204. [PMID: 31365784 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloproteinase known to modulate the progression of several types of tumor. However, the role played by ADAM10 in pituitary adenomas is currently unknown, and what factors orchestrate the activation of ADAM10 in this kind of tumor is also unclear. Here, we found that SRC kinase is an ADAM10-interacting partner and that SRC kinase activity is required for this interaction. As a new positive regulator promoting the shedding activity of ADAM10, SRC could compete with calmodulin 1 (CALM1) for ADAM10 binding in a mutually exclusive manner. Strikingly, the interaction between ADAM10 and CALM1 is regulated by SRC activity. Furthermore, we proved that the cytoplasmic region of ADAM10 is required for the shedding activity of ADAM10 upon SRC activation. As a proof-of-concept, we discovered that the combination of ADAM10 and SRC inhibitors can inhibit cell proliferation and migration to a great extent. Thus, our findings shed light on a novel therapeutic strategy to block the tumorigenesis and migration of pituitary adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, No.971 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Navy, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guohan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehua Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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12
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c-Src Recruitment is Involved in c-MET-Mediated Malignant Behaviour of NT2D1 Non-Seminoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020320. [PMID: 30646583 PMCID: PMC6358843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
c-MET pathway over-activation is the signature of malignancy acquisition or chemotherapy resistance of many cancers. We recently demonstrated that type II Testicular Germ Cell Tumours (TGCTs) express c-MET receptor. In particular, we elucidated that the non-seminoma lesions express c-MET protein at higher level, compared with the seminoma ones. In line with this observation, NTERA-2 clone D1 (NT2D1) non-seminoma cells increase their proliferation, migration and invasion in response to Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF). One of the well-known adaptor-proteins belonging to c-MET signaling cascade is c-Src. Activation of c-Src is related to the increase of aggressiveness of many cancers. For this reason, we focused on the role of c-Src in c-MET-triggered and HGF-dependent NT2D1 cell activities. In the present paper, we have elucidated that this adaptor-protein is involved in HGF-dependent NT2D1 cell proliferation, migration and invasion, since Src inhibitor-1 administration abrogates these responses. Despite these biological evidences western blot analyses have not revealed the increase of c-Src activation because of HGF administration. However, notably, immunofluorescence analyses revealed that cytoplasmic and membrane-associated localization of c-Src shifted to the nuclear compartment after HGF stimulation. These results shed new light in the modality of HGF-dependent c-Src recruitment, and put the basis for novel investigations on the relationship between c-Src, and TGCT aggressiveness.
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13
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Díaz Galicia ME, Aldehaiman A, Hong S, Arold ST, Grünberg R. Methods for the recombinant expression of active tyrosine kinase domains: Guidelines and pitfalls. Methods Enzymol 2019; 621:131-152. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Cuartas-López AM, Hernández-Cuellar CE, Gallego-Gómez JC. Disentangling the role of PI3K/Akt, Rho GTPase and the actin cytoskeleton on dengue virus infection. Virus Res 2018; 256:153-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Opioids: Modulators of angiogenesis in wound healing and cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25783-25796. [PMID: 28445930 PMCID: PMC5421968 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are potent drugs that are widely used to control wound or cancer pain. Increasing evidence suggest that opioids mediate clinically relevant effects that go beyond their classical role as analgesics. Of note, opioids appear to modulate angiogenesis - a process that is critical in wound healing and cancer progression. In this review, we focus on pro- and anti-angiogenic facets of opioids that arise from the activation of individual opioid receptors and the usage of individual concentrations or application routes. We overview the still incompletely elucidated mechanisms of these angiogenic opioid actions. Moreover, we describe plausible opioids effects, which - although not primarily studied in the context of vessel formation - may be related to the opioid-driven processes of angiogenesis. Finally we discuss the use of opioids as an innovative therapeutic avenue for the treatment of chronic wounds and cancer.
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16
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Goel RK, Paczkowska M, Reimand J, Napper S, Lukong KE. Phosphoproteomics Analysis Identifies Novel Candidate Substrates of the Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase, Src- related Kinase Lacking C-terminal Regulatory Tyrosine and N-terminal Myristoylation Sites (SRMS). Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:925-947. [PMID: 29496907 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SRMS (Src-related kinase lacking C-terminal regulatory tyrosine and N-terminal myristoylation sites), also known as PTK 70 (Protein tyrosine kinase 70), is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that belongs to the BRK family of kinases (BFKs). To date less is known about the cellular role of SRMS primarily because of the unidentified substrates or signaling intermediates regulated by the kinase. In this study, we used phosphotyrosine antibody-based immunoaffinity purification in large-scale label-free quantitative phosphoproteomics to identify novel candidate substrates of SRMS. Our analyses led to the identification of 1258 tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides which mapped to 663 phosphoproteins, exclusively from SRMS-expressing cells. DOK1, a previously characterized SRMS substrate, was also identified in our analyses. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that the candidate SRMS substrates were enriched in various biological processes including protein ubiquitination, mitotic cell cycle, energy metabolism and RNA processing, as well as Wnt and TNF signaling. Analyses of the sequence surrounding the phospho-sites in these proteins revealed novel candidate SRMS consensus substrate motifs. We utilized customized high-throughput peptide arrays to validate a subset of the candidate SRMS substrates identified in our MS-based analyses. Finally, we independently validated Vimentin and Sam68, as bona fide SRMS substrates through in vitro and in vivo assays. Overall, our study identified a number of novel and biologically relevant SRMS candidate substrates, which suggests the involvement of the kinase in a vast array of unexplored cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuveera Kumar Goel
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Marta Paczkowska
- §Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto M5G 0A3, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jüri Reimand
- §Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto M5G 0A3, Ontario, Canada.,¶Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street Suite 15-701, Toronto M5G 1L7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Napper
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada.,‖Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), 120 Veterinary Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E3, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kiven Erique Lukong
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada;
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17
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Tzeng HE, Chang AC, Tsai CH, Wang SW, Tang CH. Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes VEGF-C-dependent lymphangiogenesis via inhibition of miR-381 in human chondrosarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38566-38578. [PMID: 27229532 PMCID: PMC5122411 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A chondrosarcoma is a common, primary malignant bone tumor that can grow to destroy the bone, produce fractures and develop soft tissue masses. Left untreated, chondrosarcomas metastasize through the vascular system to the lungs and ultimately lead to large metastatic deposits of the malignant cartilage taking over lung volume and function. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C has been implicated in tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis and elevated expression of VEGF-C has been found to correlate with cancer metastasis. bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor), a secreted cytokine, regulates biological activity, including angiogenesis and metastasis. We have previously reported on the important role of bFGF in angiogenesis in chondrosarcomas. However, the effect of bFGF in VEGF-C regulation and lymphangiogenesis in chondrosarcomas is poorly understood. In this investigation, we demonstrate a correlation exists between bFGF and VEGF-C in tissue specimens from patients with chondrosarcomas. To examine the lymphangiogenic effect of bFGF, we used human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to mimic lymphatic vessel formation. We found that bFGF-treated chondrosarcomas promoted LEC tube formation and cell migration. In addition, bFGF knockdown inhibited lymphangiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We also found that bFGF-induced VEGF-C is mediated by the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and c-Src signaling pathway. Furthermore, bFGF inhibited microRNA-381 expression via the PDGFR and c-Src cascade. Our study is the first to describe the mechanism of bFGF-promoted lymphangiogenesis by upregulating VEGF-C expression in chondrosarcomas. Thus, bFGF could serve as a therapeutic target in chondrosarcoma metastasis and lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-En Tzeng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - An-Chen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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18
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Endosomal binding kinetics of Eps15 and Hrs specifically regulate the degradation of RTKs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17962. [PMID: 29269784 PMCID: PMC5740074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of EGF-R and PDGF-R triggers autophosphorylation and the recruitment of Eps15 and Hrs. These two endosomal proteins are important for specific receptor sorting. Hrs is recruiting ubiquitinated receptors to early endosomes to further facilitate degradation through the ESCRT complex. Upon receptor activation Hrs becomes phosphorylated and is relocated to the cytosol, important for receptor degradation. In this work we have studied the endosomal binding dynamics of Eps15 and Hrs upon EGF-R and PDGF-R stimulation. By analysing the fluorescence intensity on single endosomes after ligand stimulation we measured a time-specific decrease in the endosomal fluorescence level of Eps15-GFP and Hrs-YFP. Through FRAP experiments we could further register a specific change in the endosomal-membrane to cytosol binding properties of Eps15-GFP and Hrs-YFP. This specific change in membrane fractions proved to be a redistribution of the immobile fraction, which was not shown for the phosphorylation deficient mutants. We here describe a mechanism that can explain the previously observed relocation of Hrs from the endosomes to cytosol after EGF stimulation and show that Eps15 follows a similar mechanism. Moreover, this specific redistribution of the endosomal protein binding dynamics proved to be of major importance for receptor degradation.
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19
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Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Reveals a Role for Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 in PDGF-Induced Cell Migration. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28638064 PMCID: PMC5479788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) family of ligands have well established functions in the induction of cell proliferation and migration during development, tissue homeostasis and interactions between tumours and stroma. However, the mechanisms by which these actions are executed are incompletely understood. Here we report a differential phosphoproteomics study, using a SILAC approach, of PDGF-stimulated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). 116 phospho-sites were identified as up-regulated and 45 down-regulated in response to PDGF stimulation. These encompass proteins involved in cell adhesion, cytoskeleton regulation and vesicle-mediated transport, significantly expanding the range of proteins implicated in PDGF signalling pathways. Included in the down-regulated class was the microtubule bundling protein Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 (CRMP2). In response to stimulation with PDGF, CRMP2 was dephosphorylated on Thr514, an event known to increase CRMP2 activity. This was reversed in the presence of micromolar concentrations of the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid, implicating PDGF-induced activation of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in CRMP2 regulation. Depletion of CRMP2 resulted in impairment of PDGF-mediated cell migration in an in vitro wound healing assay. These results show that CRMP2 is required for PDGF-directed cell migration in vitro.
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20
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Menezes SV, Sahni S, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. Interplay of the iron-regulated metastasis suppressor NDRG1 with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and oncogenic signaling. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12772-12782. [PMID: 28615452 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r117.776393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The iron-regulated metastasis suppressor N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) has been shown to inhibit numerous oncogenic signaling pathways in cancer cells. Recent findings have demonstrated that NDRG1 inhibits the ErbB family of receptors, which function as key inducers of carcinogenesis. NDRG1 attenuates ErbB signaling by inhibiting formation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and HER2/HER3 heterodimers and by down-regulating EGFR via a mechanism involving its degradation. Understanding the complex interplay between NDRG1, iron, and ErbB signaling is vital for identifying novel, more effective targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharleen V Menezes
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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21
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Cai P, Kovacs L, Dong S, Wu G, Su Y. BMP4 inhibits PDGF-induced proliferation and collagen synthesis via PKA-mediated inhibition of calpain-2 in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L638-L648. [PMID: 28235949 PMCID: PMC5451598 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00260.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effect of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) on PDGF-induced cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Normal human PASMCs were incubated with and without PDGF-BB in the absence and presence of BMP4 for 0.5 to 24 h. The protein levels of collagen-I, p-Smad2/3, p-Smad1/5, and intracellular active TGF-β1, calpain activity, and cell proliferation were then measured. The results showed that BMP4 induced an increase in p-Smad1/5 but had no effect on the protein levels of collagen-I, p-Smad2/3, and intracellular active TGF-β1 and calpain activity in control PASMCs. Nevertheless, BMP4 attenuated increases in cell proliferation and protein levels of collagen-I, p-Smad2/3, and intracellular active TGF-β1 and calpain activity in PASMCs exposed to PDGF-BB. Moreover, BMP4 increased PKA activity and inhibition of PKA prevented the inhibitory effects of BMP4 on PDGF-BB-induced calpain activation in normal PASMCs. The PKA activator forskolin recapitulated the suppressive effect of BMP4 on PDGF-induced calpain activation. Furthermore, BMP4 prevented a PDGF-induced decrease in calpain-2 phosphorylation at serine-369 in normal PASMCs. Finally, BMP4 did not attenuate PDGF-induced increases in cell proliferation, collagen-I protein levels, and calpain activation and did not induce PKA activation and did not prevent a PDGF-induced decrease in calpain-2 phosphorylation at serine-369 in PASMCs from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients. These data demonstrate that BMP4 inhibits PDGF-induced cell proliferation and collagen synthesis via PKA-mediated inhibition of calpain-2 in normal PASMCs. The inhibitory effects of BMP4 on PDGF-induced cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, and calpain-2 activation are impaired in PASMCs from PAH patients, which may contribute to pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Laszlo Kovacs
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sam Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Guangyu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; .,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia; and
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22
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The CD24 surface antigen in neural development and disease. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 99:133-144. [PMID: 27993646 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A cell's surface molecular signature enables its reciprocal interactions with the associated microenvironments in development, tissue homeostasis and pathological processes. The CD24 surface antigen (heat-stable antigen, nectadrin; small cell lung cancer antigen cluster-4) represents a prime example of a neural surface molecule that has long been known, but whose diverse molecular functions in intercellular communication we have only begun to unravel. Here, we briefly summarize the molecular fundamentals of CD24 structure and provide a comprehensive review of CD24 expression and functional studies in mammalian neural developmental systems and disease models (rodent, human). Striving for an integrated view of the intracellular signaling processes involved, we discuss the most pertinent routes of CD24-mediated signaling pathways and functional networks in neurobiology (neural migration, neurite extension, neurogenesis) and pathology (tumorigenesis, multiple sclerosis).
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23
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The molecular effect of metastasis suppressors on Src signaling and tumorigenesis: new therapeutic targets. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35522-41. [PMID: 26431493 PMCID: PMC4742122 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A major problem for cancer patients is the metastasis of cancer cells from the primary tumor. This involves: (1) migration through the basement membrane; (2) dissemination via the circulatory system; and (3) invasion into a secondary site. Metastasis suppressors, by definition, inhibit metastasis at any step of the metastatic cascade. Notably, Src is a non-receptor, cytoplasmic, tyrosine kinase, which becomes aberrantly activated in many cancer-types following stimulation of plasma membrane receptors (e.g., receptor tyrosine kinases and integrins). There is evidence of a prominent role of Src in tumor progression-related events such as the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the development of metastasis. However, the precise molecular interactions of Src with metastasis suppressors remain unclear. Herein, we review known metastasis suppressors and summarize recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of how these proteins inhibit metastasis through modulation of Src. Particular emphasis is bestowed on the potent metastasis suppressor, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) and its interactions with the Src signaling cascade. Recent studies demonstrated a novel mechanism through which NDRG1 plays a significant role in regulating cancer cell migration by inhibiting Src activity. Moreover, we discuss the rationale for targeting metastasis suppressor genes as a sound therapeutic modality, and we review several examples from the literature where such strategies show promise. Collectively, this review summarizes the essential interactions of metastasis suppressors with Src and their effects on progression of cancer metastasis. Moreover, interesting unresolved issues regarding these proteins as well as their potential as therapeutic targets are also discussed.
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24
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Li Y, Wang J, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Chen S, Yang Y, Lu A, Zhang S. A systems pharmacology approach to investigate the mechanisms of action of Semen Strychni and Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:301-314. [PMID: 26386382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE The angiogenesis control at the initiation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that mainly blocks the inflammatory cascades expects to attenuate the action of angiogenic mediators, synovial angiogenesis, and to partially reverse the erosive bone damage. Two typical Chinese herbs, Semen Strychni and Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) have been used as a remedy to treat RA since ancient time. However, their functioning mechanisms are still unknown. Thus it is necessary to exploit their underlying mechanism for the treatment of RA. METHODS This study was undertaken to analyze their underlying mechanism based on a systems biology platform. Firstly, active components of the two herbs were screened out from TcmSP database based on their OB and DL values. Then their potential targets were predicted by using Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and validated via docking process. Finally, a network of compound-target was constructed. RESULTS In this work, 27 and 33 active compounds were screened out from Semen Strychni and TwHF, targeting 28 and 32 potential proteins, respectively. The results show that the two herbs modulate the angiogenesis mediators through both direct and indirect pathways, and 21 common targets shared by Semen Strychni and TwHF bear major responsibility for treating RA. CONCLUSIONS The underlying mechanism of Semen Strychni and TwHF in treatment of RA is through multiple targets interaction by their blocking of the angiogenesis mediator cascades. This may provide us a better understanding of the function of the two herbs for the treatment of RA, as well as a clue to unveil their possible treatment effects of other systemic diseases, and in this way, hopefully the screening models may facilitate the discovery of novel combined drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, PR China.
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Key laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, PR China
| | - Yuanchun Xiao
- Key laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, PR China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Center of Bioinformatics, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Sushing Chen
- Department of Computer Information Science & Engineering, Systems Biology Lab, University of Florida-Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yinfeng Yang
- Key laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, PR China
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Key laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, PR China
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Sirvent A, Urbach S, Roche S. Contribution of phosphoproteomics in understanding SRC signaling in normal and tumor cells. Proteomics 2015; 15:232-44. [PMID: 25403792 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The membrane-anchored, non-receptor tyrosine kinase (non-RTK) SRC is a critical regulator of signal transduction induced by a large variety of cell-surface receptors, including RTKs that bind to growth factors to control cell growth and migration. When deregulated, SRC shows strong oncogenic activity, probably because of its capacity to promote RTK-mediated downstream signaling even in the absence of extracellular stimuli. Accordingly, SRC is frequently deregulated in human cancer and is thought to play important roles during tumorigenesis. However, our knowledge on the molecular mechanism by which SRC controls signaling is incomplete due to the limited number of key substrates identified so far. Here, we review how phosphoproteomic methods have changed our understanding of the mechanisms underlying SRC signaling in normal and tumor cells and discuss how these novel findings can be used to improve therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting SRC signaling in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Sirvent
- CNRS UMR5237, University Montpellier 1 and 2, CRBM, Montpellier, France
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Vincenzi B, Imperatori M, Silletta M, Marrucci E, Santini D, Tonini G. Emerging kinase inhibitors of the treatment of gastric cancer. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2015; 20:479-93. [PMID: 26021342 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2015.1051467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy in the world. In the last years, for the first time in literature, the addition of a targeted therapy to standard chemotherapy has proved to prolong median overall survival. In this scenario, kinase inhibitors (KIs), smaller intracellular agents, could be an interesting and novel type of targeted treatment of metastatic GC both in first and further lines of therapy. AREAS COVERED Several KI have been evaluated in the preclinical setting. This review will underline the most relevant targeted pathways involved in GC tumorigenesis and disease progression including EGFR, VEGFR, c-MET, mTOR, fibroblast growth factor receptor, Src and Aurora kinases. EXPERT OPINION Despite the good results of TOGA, RAINBOW and REGARD trials about the addition of monoclonal antibodies to standard of care in GC, the addition of KI seems not to achieve comparable interesting results in management of GC. However, an improved patient selection before and during treatment according to molecular characteristics, as well as combination studies evaluating the synergistic effect of combination schedules of different KIs and standard chemotherapy, or KI plus KI or KI plus antibodies-based therapy may reveal interesting results and lead to understand mechanisms of multi-drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vincenzi
- a University Campus Biomedico - Medical Oncology , Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Rome 00128, Italy
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27
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Gucciardo E, Sugiyama N, Lehti K. Eph- and ephrin-dependent mechanisms in tumor and stem cell dynamics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3685-710. [PMID: 24794629 PMCID: PMC11113620 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph) receptors comprise the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Initially regarded as axon-guidance and tissue-patterning molecules, Eph receptors have now been attributed with various functions during development, tissue homeostasis, and disease pathogenesis. Their ligands, ephrins, are synthesized as membrane-associated molecules. At least two properties make this signaling system unique: (1) the signal can be simultaneously transduced in the receptor- and the ligand-expressing cell, (2) the signaling outcome through the same molecules can be opposite depending on cellular context. Moreover, shedding of Eph and ephrin ectodomains as well as ligand-dependent and -independent receptor crosstalk with other RTKs, proteases, and adhesion molecules broadens the repertoire of Eph/ephrin functions. These integrated pathways provide plasticity to cell-microenvironment communication in varying tissue contexts. The complex molecular networks and dynamic cellular outcomes connected to the Eph/ephrin signaling in tumor-host communication and stem cell niche are the main focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Gucciardo
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, P.O.B. 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nami Sugiyama
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, P.O.B. 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, P.O.B. 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Zhan Y, Krafft PR, Lekic T, Ma Q, Souvenir R, Zhang JH, Tang J. Imatinib preserves blood-brain barrier integrity following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. J Neurosci Res 2014; 93:94-103. [PMID: 25196554 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and consequent edema formation contribute to the development of early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Various cerebrovascular insults result in increased platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α stimulation, which has been linked to BBB breakdown and edema formation. This study examines whether imatinib, a PDGFR inhibitor, can preserve BBB integrity in a rat endovascular perforation SAH model. Imatinib (40 or 120 mg/kg) or a vehicle was administered intraperitoneally at 1 hr after SAH induction. BBB leakage, brain edema, and neurological deficits were evaluated. Total and phosphorylated protein expressions of PDGFR-α, c-Src, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and c-Jun were measured, and enzymatic activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were determined in the injured brain. Imatinib treatment significantly ameliorated BBB leakage and edema formation 24 hr after SAH, which was paralleled by improved neurological functions. Decreased brain expressions of phosphorylated PDGFR-α, c-Src, JNK, and c-Jun as well as reduced MMP-9 activities were found in treated animals. PDGFR-α inhibition preserved BBB integrity following experimental SAH; however, the protective mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Targeting PDGFR-α signaling might be advantageous to ameliorate early brain injury following SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Paul R Krafft
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Tim Lekic
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Qingyi Ma
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Rhonda Souvenir
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
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Demoulin JB, Essaghir A. PDGF receptor signaling networks in normal and cancer cells. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 25:273-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Ecdysone-induced receptor tyrosine phosphatase PTP52F regulates Drosophila midgut histolysis by enhancement of autophagy and apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:1594-606. [PMID: 24550005 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01391-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid removal of larval midgut is a critical developmental process directed by molting hormone ecdysone during Drosophila metamorphosis. To date, it remains unclear how the stepwise events can link the onset of ecdysone signaling to the destruction of larval midgut. This study investigated whether ecdysone-induced expression of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP52F regulates this process. The mutation of the Ptp52F gene caused significant delay in larval midgut degradation. Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase (TER94), a regulator of ubiquitin proteasome system, was identified as a substrate and downstream effector of PTP52F in the ecdysone signaling. The inducible expression of PTP52F at the puparium formation stage resulted in dephosphorylation of TER94 on its Y800 residue, ensuring the rapid degradation of ubiquitylated proteins. One of the proteins targeted by dephosphorylated TER94 was found to be Drosophila inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (DIAP1), which was rapidly proteolyzed in cells with significant expression of PTP52F. Importantly, the reduced level of DIAP1 in response to inducible PTP52F was essential not only for the onset of apoptosis but also for the initiation of autophagy. This study demonstrates a novel function of PTP52F in regulating ecdysone-directed metamorphosis via enhancement of autophagic and apoptotic cell death in doomed Drosophila midguts.
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Kubota S, Fukumoto Y, Aoyama K, Ishibashi K, Yuki R, Morinaga T, Honda T, Yamaguchi N, Kuga T, Tomonaga T, Yamaguchi N. Phosphorylation of KRAB-associated protein 1 (KAP1) at Tyr-449, Tyr-458, and Tyr-517 by nuclear tyrosine kinases inhibits the association of KAP1 and heterochromatin protein 1α (HP1α) with heterochromatin. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:17871-83. [PMID: 23645696 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.437756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation regulates a wide range of cellular processes at the plasma membrane. Recently, we showed that nuclear tyrosine phosphorylation by Src family kinases (SFKs) induces chromatin structural changes. In this study, we identify KRAB-associated protein 1 (KAP1/TIF1β/TRIM28), a component of heterochromatin, as a nuclear tyrosine-phosphorylated protein. Tyrosine phosphorylation of KAP1 is induced by several tyrosine kinases, such as Src, Lyn, Abl, and Brk. Among SFKs, Src strongly induces tyrosine phosphorylation of KAP1. Nucleus-targeted Lyn potentiates tyrosine phosphorylation of KAP1 compared with intact Lyn, but neither intact Fyn nor nucleus-targeted Fyn phosphorylates KAP1. Substitution of the three tyrosine residues Tyr-449/Tyr-458/Tyr-517, located close to the HP1 binding-motif, into phenylalanine ablates tyrosine phosphorylation of KAP1. Immunostaining and chromatin fractionation show that Src and Lyn decrease the association of KAP1 with heterochromatin in a kinase activity-dependent manner. KAP1 knockdown impairs the association of HP1α with heterochromatin, because HP1α associates with KAP1 in heterochromatin. Intriguingly, tyrosine phosphorylation of KAP1 decreases the association of HP1α with heterochromatin, which is inhibited by replacement of endogenous KAP1 with its phenylalanine mutant (KAP1-Y449F/Y458F/Y517F, KAP1-3YF). In DNA damage, KAP1-3YF repressed transcription of p21. These results suggest that nucleus-localized tyrosine kinases, including SFKs, phosphorylate KAP1 at Tyr-449/Tyr-458/Tyr-517 and inhibit the association of KAP1 and HP1α with heterochromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kubota
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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Gnad F, Young A, Zhou W, Lyle K, Ong CC, Stokes MP, Silva JC, Belvin M, Friedman LS, Koeppen H, Minden A, Hoeflich KP. Systems-wide analysis of K-Ras, Cdc42, and PAK4 signaling by quantitative phosphoproteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:2070-80. [PMID: 23608596 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.027052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although K-Ras, Cdc42, and PAK4 signaling are commonly deregulated in cancer, only a few studies have sought to comprehensively examine the spectrum of phosphorylation-mediated signaling downstream of each of these key signaling nodes. In this study, we completed a label-free quantitative analysis of oncogenic K-Ras, activated Cdc42, and PAK4-mediated phosphorylation signaling, and report relative quantitation of 2152 phosphorylated peptides on 1062 proteins. We define the overlap in phosphopeptides regulated by K-Ras, Cdc42, and PAK4, and find that perturbation of these signaling components affects phosphoproteins associated with microtubule depolymerization, cytoskeletal organization, and the cell cycle. These findings provide a resource for future studies to characterize novel targets of oncogenic K-Ras signaling and validate biomarkers of PAK4 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gnad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
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Guo M, Huang BX. Integration of phosphoproteomic, chemical, and biological strategies for the functional analysis of targeted protein phosphorylation. Proteomics 2013; 13:424-37. [PMID: 23125184 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation, tightly controlled by protein kinases and phosphatases, plays a central role in mediating biological processes, such as protein-protein interactions, subcellular translocation, and activation of cellular enzymes. MS-based phosphoproteomics has now allowed the detection and quantification of tens of thousands of phosphorylation sites from a typical biological sample in a single experiment, which has posed new challenges in functional analysis of each and every phosphorylation site on specific signaling phosphoproteins of interest. In this article, we review recent advances in the functional analysis of targeted phosphorylation carried out by various chemical and biological approaches in combination with the MS-based phosphoproteomics. This review focuses on three types of strategies, including forward functional analysis, defined for the result-driven phosphoproteomics efforts in determining the substrates of a specific protein kinase; reverse functional analysis, defined for tracking the kinase(s) for specific phosphosite(s) derived from the discovery-driven phosphoproteomics efforts; and MS-based analysis on the structure-function relationship of phosphoproteins. It is expected that this review will provide a state-of-the-art overview of functional analysis of site-specific phosphorylation and explore new perspectives and outline future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingquan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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Abstract
Cells respond to external stimuli by transducing signals through a series of intracellular molecules and eliciting an appropriate response. The cascade of events through which the signals are transduced include post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitylation in addition to formation of multi-protein complexes. Improvements in biological mass spectrometry and protein/peptide microarray technology have tremendously improved our ability to probe proteins, protein complexes, and signaling pathways in a high-throughput fashion. Today, a single mass spectrometry-based investigation of a signaling pathway has the potential to uncover the large majority of known signaling intermediates painstakingly characterized over decades in addition to discovering a number of novel ones. Here, we discuss various proteomic strategies to characterize signaling pathways and provide protocols for phosphoproteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Harsha
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
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Sirvent A, Vigy O, Orsetti B, Urbach S, Roche S. Analysis of SRC oncogenic signaling in colorectal cancer by stable isotope labeling with heavy amino acids in mouse xenografts. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:1937-50. [PMID: 23023324 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.018168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-receptor tyrosine kinase SRC is frequently deregulated in human colorectal cancer (CRC), and SRC increased activity has been associated with poor clinical outcomes. In nude mice engrafted with human CRC cells, SRC over-expression favors tumor growth and is accompanied by a robust increase in tyrosine phosphorylation in tumor cells. How SRC contributes to this tumorigenic process is largely unknown. We analyzed SRC oncogenic signaling in these tumors by means of a novel quantitative proteomic analysis. This method is based on stable isotope labeling with amino acids of xenograft tumors by the addition of [(13)C(6)]-lysine into mouse food. An incorporation level greater than 88% was obtained in xenograft tumors after 30 days of the heavy lysine diet. Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of these tumors allowed the identification of 61 proteins that exhibited a significant increase in tyrosine phosphorylation and/or association with tyrosine phosphorylated proteins upon SRC expression. These mainly included molecules implicated in vesicular trafficking and signaling and RNA binding proteins. Most of these proteins were specific targets of SRC signaling in vivo, as they were not identified by analysis via stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) of the same CRC cells in culture. This suggests that oncogenic signaling induced by SRC in tumors significantly differs from that induced by SRC in cell culture. We next confirmed this notion experimentally with the example of the vesicular trafficking protein and SRC substrate TOM1L1. We found that whereas TOM1L1 depletion only slightly affected SRC-induced proliferation of CRC cells in vitro, it drastically decreased tumor growth in xenografted nude mice. We thus concluded that this vesicular trafficking protein plays an important role in SRC-induced tumor growth. Overall, these data show that SILAC analysis in mouse xenografts is a valuable approach for deciphering tyrosine kinase oncogenic signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Sirvent
- CNRS UMR5237, University of Montpellier 1 and 2, CRBM, 34000 Montpellier, France
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Abraham J, Chua YX, Glover JM, Tyner JW, Loriaux MM, Kilcoyne A, Giles FJ, Nelon LD, Carew JS, Ouyang Y, Michalek JE, Pal R, Druker BJ, Rubin BP, Keller C. An adaptive Src-PDGFRA-Raf axis in rhabdomyosarcoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 426:363-8. [PMID: 22960170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (aRMS) is a very aggressive sarcoma of children and young adults. Our previous studies have shown that small molecule inhibition of Pdgfra is initially very effective in an aRMS mouse model. However, slowly evolving, acquired resistance to a narrow-spectrum kinase inhibitor (imatinib) was common. We identified Src family kinases (SFKs) to be potentiators of Pdgfra in murine aRMS primary cell cultures from mouse tumors with evolved resistance in vivo in comparison to untreated cultures. Treating the resistant primary cell cultures with a combination of Pdgfra and Src inhibitors had a strong additive effect on cell viability. In Pdgfra knockout tumors, however, the Src inhibitor had no effect on tumor cell viability. Sorafenib, whose targets include not only PDGFRA but also the Src downstream target Raf, was effective at inhibiting mouse and human tumor cell growth and halted progression of mouse aRMS tumors in vivo. These results suggest that an adaptive Src-Pdgfra-Raf-Mapk axis is relevant to PDGFRA inhibition in rhabdomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinu Abraham
- Pediatric Cancer Biology Program, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Ferrando IM, Chaerkady R, Zhong J, Molina H, Jacob HKC, Herbst-Robinson K, Dancy BM, Katju V, Bose R, Zhang J, Pandey A, Cole PA. Identification of targets of c-Src tyrosine kinase by chemical complementation and phosphoproteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:355-69. [PMID: 22499769 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.015750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular proto-oncogene c-Src is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase involved in cell growth and cytoskeletal regulation. Despite being dysregulated in a variety of human cancers, its precise functions are not fully understood. Identification of the substrates of c-Src remains a major challenge, because there is no simple way to directly stimulate its activity. Here we combine the chemical rescue of mutant c-Src and global quantitative phosphoproteomics to obtain the first high resolution snapshot of the range of tyrosine phosphorylation events that occur in the cell immediately after specific c-Src stimulation. After enrichment by anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies, we identified 29 potential novel c-Src substrate proteins. Tyrosine phosphopeptide mapping allowed the identification of 382 nonredundant tyrosine phosphopeptides on 213 phosphoproteins. Stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture-based quantitation allowed the detection of 97 nonredundant tyrosine phosphopeptides whose level of phosphorylation is increased by c-Src. A large number of previously uncharacterized c-Src putative protein targets and phosphorylation sites are presented here, a majority of which play key roles in signaling and cytoskeletal networks, particularly in cell adhesion. Integrin signaling and focal adhesion kinase signaling pathway are two of the most altered pathways upon c-Src activation through chemical rescue. In this context, our study revealed the temporal connection between c-Src activation and the GTPase Rap1, known to stimulate integrin-dependent adhesion. Chemical rescue of c-Src provided a tool to dissect the spatiotemporal mechanism of activation of the Rap1 guanine exchange factor, C3G, one of the identified potential c-Src substrates that plays a role in focal adhesion signaling. In addition to unveiling the role of c-Src in the cell and, specifically, in the Crk-C3G-Rap1 pathway, these results exemplify a strategy for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the functions of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases with high specificity and kinetic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Martinez Ferrando
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Zhong J, Kim MS, Chaerkady R, Wu X, Huang TC, Getnet D, Mitchell CJ, Palapetta SM, Sharma J, O'Meally RN, Cole RN, Yoda A, Moritz A, Loriaux MM, Rush J, Weinstock DM, Tyner JW, Pandey A. TSLP signaling network revealed by SILAC-based phosphoproteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:M112.017764. [PMID: 22345495 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.017764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine that plays diverse roles in the regulation of immune responses. TSLP requires a heterodimeric receptor complex consisting of IL-7 receptor α subunit and its unique TSLP receptor (gene symbol CRLF2) to transmit signals in cells. Abnormal TSLP signaling (e.g. overexpression of TSLP or its unique receptor TSLPR) contributes to the development of a number of diseases including asthma and leukemia. However, a detailed understanding of the signaling pathways activated by TSLP remains elusive. In this study, we performed a global quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of the TSLP signaling network using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture. By employing titanium dioxide in addition to antiphosphotyrosine antibodies as enrichment methods, we identified 4164 phosphopeptides on 1670 phosphoproteins. Using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture-based quantitation, we determined that the phosphorylation status of 226 proteins was modulated by TSLP stimulation. Our analysis identified activation of several members of the Src and Tec families of kinases including Btk, Lyn, and Tec by TSLP for the first time. In addition, we report TSLP-induced phosphorylation of protein phosphatases such as Ptpn6 (SHP-1) and Ptpn11 (Shp2), which has also not been reported previously. Co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that Shp2 binds to the adapter protein Gab2 in a TSLP-dependent manner. This is the first demonstration of an inducible protein complex in TSLP signaling. A kinase inhibitor screen revealed that pharmacological inhibition of PI-3 kinase, Jak family kinases, Src family kinases or Btk suppressed TSLP-dependent cellular proliferation making them candidate therapeutic targets in diseases resulting from aberrant TSLP signaling. Our study is the first phosphoproteomic analysis of the TSLP signaling pathway that greatly expands our understanding of TSLP signaling and provides novel therapeutic targets for TSLP/TSLPR-associated diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhong
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, 21205 Maryland, USA
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Goel R, Harsha HC, Pandey A, Keshava Prasad TS. Human Protein Reference Database and Human Proteinpedia as resources for phosphoproteome analysis. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:453-63. [PMID: 22159132 PMCID: PMC3804167 DOI: 10.1039/c1mb05340j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human Protein Reference Database (HPRD) is a rich resource of experimentally proven features of human proteins. Protein information in HPRD includes protein-protein interactions, post-translational modifications, enzyme/substrate relationships, disease associations, tissue expression, and subcellular localization of human proteins. Although, protein-protein interaction data from HPRD has been widely used by the scientific community, its phosphoproteome data has not been exploited to its full potential. HPRD is one of the largest documentations of human phosphoproteins in the public domain. Currently, phosphorylation data in HPRD comprises of 95,016 phosphosites mapped on to 13,041 proteins. Additionally, enzyme-substrate reactions responsible for 5930 phosphorylation events were also documented. Significant improvements in technologies and high-throughput platforms in biomedical investigations led to an exponential increase of biological data and phosphoproteomic data in recent years. Human Proteinpedia, a community annotation portal developed by us, has also contributed to the significant increase in phosphoproteomic data in HPRD. A large number of phosphorylation events have been mapped on to reference sequences available in HPRD and Human Proteinpedia along with associated protein features. This will provide a platform for systems biology approaches to determine the role of protein phosphorylation in protein function, cell signaling, biological processes and their implication in human diseases. This review aims to provide a composite view of phosphoproteomic data pertaining to human proteins in HPRD and Human Proteinpedia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Goel
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, 577 451, India
| | - H. C. Harsha
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, Maryland
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, Maryland
| | - T. S. Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India
- Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605 014, India
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Ma W, Han W, Greer PA, Tuder RM, Toque HA, Wang KKW, Caldwell RW, Su Y. Calpain mediates pulmonary vascular remodeling in rodent models of pulmonary hypertension, and its inhibition attenuates pathologic features of disease. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:4548-66. [PMID: 22005303 DOI: 10.1172/jci57734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a severe and progressive disease, a key feature of which is pulmonary vascular remodeling. Several growth factors, including EGF, PDGF, and TGF-β1, are involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling during pulmonary hypertension. However, increased knowledge of the downstream signaling cascades is needed if effective clinical interventions are to be developed. In this context, calpain provides an interesting candidate therapeutic target, since it is activated by EGF and PDGF and has been reported to activate TGF-β1. Thus, in this study, we examined the role of calpain in pulmonary vascular remodeling in two rodent models of pulmonary hypertension. These data showed that attenuated calpain activity in calpain-knockout mice or rats treated with a calpain inhibitor resulted in prevention of increased right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, as well as collagen deposition and thickening of pulmonary arterioles in models of hypoxia- and monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Additionally, inhibition of calpain in vitro blocked intracellular activation of TGF-β1, which led to attenuated Smad2/3 phosphorylation and collagen synthesis. Finally, smooth muscle cells of pulmonary arterioles from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension showed higher levels of calpain activation and intracellular active TGF-β. Our data provide evidence that calpain mediates EGF- and PDGF-induced collagen synthesis and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via an intracrine TGF-β1 pathway in pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Raju R, Balakrishnan L, Nanjappa V, Bhattacharjee M, Getnet D, Muthusamy B, Kurian Thomas J, Sharma J, Rahiman BA, Harsha HC, Shankar S, Prasad TSK, Mohan SS, Bader GD, Wani MR, Pandey A. A comprehensive manually curated reaction map of RANKL/RANK-signaling pathway. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2011; 2011:bar021. [PMID: 21742767 PMCID: PMC3170171 DOI: 10.1093/database/bar021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) is a member of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily that plays a key role in the regulation of differentiation, activation and survival of osteoclasts and also in tumor cell migration and bone metastasis. Osteoclast activation induced by RANKL regulates hematopoietic stem cell mobilization as part of homeostasis and host defense mechanisms thereby linking regulation of hematopoiesis with bone remodeling. Binding of RANKL to its receptor, Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK) activates molecules such as NF-kappa B, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and phosphatidyl 3-kinase (PI3K). Although the molecular and cellular roles of these molecules have been reported previously, a systematic cataloging of the molecular events induced by RANKL/RANK interaction has not been attempted. Here, we present a comprehensive reaction map of the RANKL/RANK-signaling pathway based on an extensive manual curation of the published literature. We hope that the curated RANKL/RANK-signaling pathway model would enable new biomedical discoveries, which can provide novel insights into disease processes and development of novel therapeutic interventions. Database URL:http://www.netpath.org/pathways?path_id=NetPath_21
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Raju
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
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Abstract
MS (mass spectrometry) techniques are rapidly evolving to high levels of performance and robustness. This is allowing the application of these methods to the interrogation of signalling networks with unprecedented depth and accuracy. In the present review we discuss how MS-based multiplex quantification of kinase activities and phosphoproteomics provide complementary means to assess biological signalling activity. In addition, we discuss how a wider application of these analytical concepts to quantify kinase signalling will result in a more comprehensive understanding of normal and disease biology at the system level.
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Knowlton ML, Selfors LM, Wrobel CN, Gu TL, Ballif BA, Gygi SP, Polakiewicz R, Brugge JS. Profiling Y561-dependent and -independent substrates of CSF-1R in epithelial cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13587. [PMID: 21049007 PMCID: PMC2964295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) activate multiple downstream cytosolic tyrosine kinases following ligand stimulation. SRC family kinases (SFKs), which are recruited to activated RTKs through SH2 domain interactions with RTK autophosphorylation sites, are targets of many subfamilies of RTKs. To date, there has not been a systematic analysis of the downstream substrates of such receptor-activated SFKs. Here, we conducted quantitative mass spectrometry utilizing stable isotope labeling (SILAC) analysis to profile candidate SRC-substrates induced by the CSF-1R tyrosine kinase by comparing the phosphotyrosine-containing peptides from cells expressing either CSF-1R or a mutant form of this RTK that is unable to bind to SFKs. This analysis identified previously uncharacterized changes in tyrosine phosphorylation induced by CSF-1R in mammary epithelial cells as well as a set of candidate substrates dependent on SRC recruitment to CSF-1R. Many of these candidates may be direct SRC targets as the amino acids flanking the phosphorylation sites in these proteins are similar to known SRC kinase phosphorylation motifs. The putative SRC-dependent proteins include known SRC substrates as well as previously unrecognized SRC targets. The collection of substrates includes proteins involved in multiple cellular processes including cell-cell adhesion, endocytosis, and signal transduction. Analyses of phosphoproteomic data from breast and lung cancer patient samples identified a subset of the SRC-dependent phosphorylation sites as being strongly correlated with SRC activation, which represent candidate markers of SRC activation downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases in human tumors. In summary, our data reveal quantitative site-specific changes in tyrosine phosphorylation induced by CSF-1R activation in epithelial cells and identify many candidate SRC-dependent substrates phosphorylated downstream of an RTK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melodie L. Knowlton
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laura M. Selfors
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Carolyn N. Wrobel
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ting-Lei Gu
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bryan A. Ballif
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roberto Polakiewicz
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joan S. Brugge
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Harsha HC, Pandey A. Phosphoproteomics in cancer. Mol Oncol 2010; 4:482-95. [PMID: 20937571 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation serves as a basis for regulating a number of cellular processes. Aberrant activation of kinase signaling pathways is commonly associated with several cancers. Recent developments in phosphoprotein/phosphopeptide enrichment strategies and quantitative mass spectrometry have resulted in robust pipelines for high-throughput characterization of phosphorylation in a global fashion. Today, it is possible to profile site-specific phosphorylation events on thousands of proteins in a single experiment. The potential of this approach is already being realized to characterize signaling pathways that govern oncogenesis. In addition, chemical proteomic strategies have been used to unravel targets of kinase inhibitors, which are otherwise difficult to characterize. This review summarizes various approaches used for analysis of the phosphoproteome in general, and protein kinases in particular, highlighting key cancer phosphoproteomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Harsha
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.
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Righetti PG, Boschetti E, Kravchuk AV, Fasoli E. The proteome buccaneers: how to unearth your treasure chest via combinatorial peptide ligand libraries. Expert Rev Proteomics 2010; 7:373-85. [PMID: 20536309 DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The latest advances in combinatorial peptide ligand libraries, with their unique performance in discovering low-abundance species in proteomes, are reviewed here. Explanations of mechanism, potential applications, capture of proteomes at different pH values to enhance the total catch and quantitative elutions, such as boiling in the presence of 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 3% dithiothreitol are included. The reproducibility of protein capture among different experiments with the same batch of beads or with different batches is also reported to be very high, with coefficient of variations in the order of 10-20%. Miniaturized operations, consisting of capture with as little as 20 or even 5 microl of peptide beads are reported, thus demonstrating that the described technology could be exploited for routine biomarker discovery in a biomedical environment. Finally, it is shown that the signal of captured proteins is linear over approximately three orders of magnitude, ranging from nM to microM, thus ensuring that differential quantitative proteomics for biomarker discovery can be fully implemented, providing species do not saturate their ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Giorgio Righetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Via Mancinelli 7, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Dunn JD, Valdivia RH. Uncivil engineers: Chlamydia, Salmonella and Shigella alter cytoskeleton architecture to invade epithelial cells. Future Microbiol 2010; 5:1219-32. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.10.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis is a major cause of blindness and sexually transmitted diseases. Like the enteric pathogens Salmonella and Shigella, Chlamydia injects effector proteins into epithelial cells to initiate extensive remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton at the bacterial attachment site, which culminates in the engulfment of the bacterium by plasma membrane extensions. Numerous Salmonella and Shigella effectors promote this remodeling by activating Rho GTPases and tyrosine kinase signaling cascades and by directly manipulating actin dynamics. Recent studies indicate that similar host-cell alterations occur during Chlamydia invasion, but few effectors are known. The identification of additional Chlamydia effectors and the elucidation of their modes of function are critical steps towards an understanding of how this clinically important pathogen breaches epithelial surfaces and causes infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Dan Dunn
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology & Center for Microbial Pathogenesis Duke University Medical Center, 272 Jones Building, Box 3580, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Yang Y, Chaerkady R, Kandasamy K, Huang TC, Selvan LDN, Dwivedi SB, Kent OA, Mendell JT, Pandey A. Identifying targets of miR-143 using a SILAC-based proteomic approach. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010. [PMID: 20544124 DOI: 10.1039/c00401f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the targets of most miRNAs have not been experimentally identified, microRNAs (miRNAs) have begun to be extensively characterized in physiological, developmental and disease-related contexts in recent years. Thus far, mainly computational approaches have been employed to predict potential targets for the large majority of miRNAs. Although miRNAs exert a major influence on the efficiency of translation of their targets in animals, most studies describing experimental identification of miRNA target genes are based on detection of altered mRNA levels. miR-143 is a miRNA involved in tumorigenesis in multiple types of cancer, smooth muscle cell fate and adipocyte differentiation. Only a few miR-143 targets are experimentally verified, so we employed a SILAC-based quantitative proteomic strategy to systematically identify potential targets of miR-143. In total, we identified >1200 proteins from MiaPaCa2 pancreatic cancer cells, of which 93 proteins were downregulated >2-fold in miR-143 mimic transfected cells as compared to controls. Validation of 34 of these candidate targets in luciferase assays showed that 10 of them were likely direct targets of miR-143. Importantly, we also carried out gene expression profiling of the same cells and observed that the majority of the candidate targets identified by proteomics did not show a concomitant decrease in mRNA levels confirming that miRNAs affect the expression of most targets through translational inhibition. Our study clearly demonstrates that quantitative proteomic approaches are important and necessary for identifying miRNA targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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48
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Yang Y, Chaerkady R, Kandasamy K, Huang TC, Selvan LDN, Dwivedi SB, Kent OA, Mendell JT, Pandey A. Identifying targets of miR-143 using a SILAC-based proteomic approach. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:1873-82. [PMID: 20544124 DOI: 10.1039/c004401f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although the targets of most miRNAs have not been experimentally identified, microRNAs (miRNAs) have begun to be extensively characterized in physiological, developmental and disease-related contexts in recent years. Thus far, mainly computational approaches have been employed to predict potential targets for the large majority of miRNAs. Although miRNAs exert a major influence on the efficiency of translation of their targets in animals, most studies describing experimental identification of miRNA target genes are based on detection of altered mRNA levels. miR-143 is a miRNA involved in tumorigenesis in multiple types of cancer, smooth muscle cell fate and adipocyte differentiation. Only a few miR-143 targets are experimentally verified, so we employed a SILAC-based quantitative proteomic strategy to systematically identify potential targets of miR-143. In total, we identified >1200 proteins from MiaPaCa2 pancreatic cancer cells, of which 93 proteins were downregulated >2-fold in miR-143 mimic transfected cells as compared to controls. Validation of 34 of these candidate targets in luciferase assays showed that 10 of them were likely direct targets of miR-143. Importantly, we also carried out gene expression profiling of the same cells and observed that the majority of the candidate targets identified by proteomics did not show a concomitant decrease in mRNA levels confirming that miRNAs affect the expression of most targets through translational inhibition. Our study clearly demonstrates that quantitative proteomic approaches are important and necessary for identifying miRNA targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Cunningham DL, Sweet SMM, Cooper HJ, Heath JK. Differential phosphoproteomics of fibroblast growth factor signaling: identification of Src family kinase-mediated phosphorylation events. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:2317-28. [PMID: 20225815 PMCID: PMC2950672 DOI: 10.1021/pr9010475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Activation of signal transduction by the receptor tyrosine kinase, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), results in a cascade of protein-protein interactions that rely on the occurrence of specific tyrosine phosphorylation events. One such protein recruited to the activated receptor complex is the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, Src, which is involved in both initiation and termination of further signaling events. To gain a further understanding of the tyrosine phosphorylation events that occur during FGF signaling, with a specific focus on those that are dependent on Src family kinase (SFK) activity, we have applied SILAC combined with chemical inhibition of SFK activity to search for phosphorylation events that are dependent on SFK activity in FGF stimulated cells. In addition, we used a more targeted approach to carry out high coverage phosphopeptide mapping of one Src substrate protein, the multifunctional adaptor Dok1, and to identify SFK-dependent Dok1 binding partners. From these analyses we identify 80 SFK-dependent phosphorylation events on 40 proteins. We further identify 18 SFK-dependent Dok1 interactions and 9 SFK-dependent Dok1 phosphorylation sites, 6 of which had not previously been known to be SFK-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helen J. Cooper
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - John K. Heath
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Prof. John K. Heath, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K. Telephone: +44 (0)121 414 7533. Fax: +44 (0)121 414 5925.
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Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis reveals vasopressin V2-receptor-dependent signaling pathways in renal collecting duct cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:3882-7. [PMID: 20139300 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0910646107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasopressin's action in renal cells to regulate water transport depends on protein phosphorylation. Here we used mass spectrometry-based quantitative phosphoproteomics to identify signaling pathways involved in the short-term V2-receptor-mediated response in cultured collecting duct cells (mpkCCD) from mouse. Using Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino acids in Cell culture (SILAC) with two treatment groups (0.1 nM dDAVP or vehicle for 30 min), we carried out quantification of 2884 phosphopeptides. The majority (82%) of quantified phosphopeptides did not change in abundance in response to dDAVP. Analysis of the 273 phosphopeptides increased by dDAVP showed a predominance of so-called "basophilic" motifs consistent with activation of kinases of the AGC family. Increases in phosphorylation of several known protein kinase A targets were found. In addition, increased phosphorylation of targets of the calmodulin-dependent kinase family was seen, including autophosphorylation of calmodulin-dependent kinase 2 at T286. Analysis of the 254 phosphopeptides decreased in abundance by dDAVP showed a predominance of so-called "proline-directed" motifs, consistent with down-regulation of mitogen-activated or cyclin-dependent kinases. dDAVP decreased phosphorylation of both JNK1/2 (T183/Y185) and ERK1/2 (T183/Y185; T203/Y205), consistent with a decrease in activation of these proline-directed kinases in response to dDAVP. Both ERK and JNK were able to phosphorylate residue S261of aquaporin-2 in vitro, a site showing a decrease in phosphorylation in response to dDAVP in vivo. The data support roles for multiple vasopressin V2-receptor-dependent signaling pathways in the vasopressin signaling network of collecting duct cells, involving several kinases not generally accepted to regulate collecting duct function.
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