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Zhang L, Wang C, Yu M, Cong L, Zhu Z, Chen B, Lu X. Identification and analysis of novel recessive alleles for Tan1 and Tan2 in sorghum. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17438. [PMID: 38818455 PMCID: PMC11138519 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The identification and analysis of allelic variation are important bases for crop diversity research, trait domestication and molecular marker development. Grain tannin content is a very important quality trait in sorghum. Higher tannin levels in sorghum grains are usually required when breeding varieties resistant to bird damage or those used for brewing liquor. Non-tannin-producing or low-tannin-producing sorghum accessions are commonly used for food and forage. Tan1 and Tan2, two important cloned genes, regulate tannin biosynthesis in sorghum, and mutations in one or two genes will result in low or no tannin content in sorghum grains. Even if sorghum accessions contain dominant Tan1 and Tan2, the tannin contents are distributed from low to high, and there must be other new alleles of the known regulatory genes or new unknown genes contributing to tannin production. Methods The two parents 8R306 and 8R191 did not have any known recessive alleles for Tan1 and Tan2, and it was speculated that they probably both had dominant Tan1 and Tan2 genotypes. However, the phenotypes of two parents were different; 8R306 had tannins and 8R191 had non-tannins in the grains, so these two parents were constructed as a RIL population. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was used to determine other new alleles of Tan1 and Tan2 or new Tannin locus. Tan1 and Tan2 full-length sequences and tannin contents were detected in wild sorghum resources, landraces and cultivars. Results We identified two novel recessive tan1-d and tan1-e alleles and four recessive Tan2 alleles, named as tan2-d, tan2-e, tan2-f, and tan2-g. These recessive alleles led to loss of function of Tan1 and Tan2, and low or no tannin content in sorghum grains. The loss-of-function alleles of tan1-e and tan2-e were only found in Chinese landraces, and other alleles were found in landraces and cultivars grown all around the world. tan1-a and tan1-b were detected in foreign landraces, Chinese cultivars and foreign cultivars, but not in Chinese landraces. Conclusion These results implied that Tan1 and Tan2 recessive alleles had different geographically distribution in the worldwide, but not all recessive alleles had been used in breeding. The discovery of these new alleles provided new germplasm resources for breeding sorghum cultivars for food and feed, and for developing molecular markers for low-tannin or non-tannin cultivar-assisted breeding in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhang
- Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Shenhe, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Shenhe, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, Kemaoxi Street, China
| | - Ling Cong
- Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Shenhe, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhu
- Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Shenhe, China
| | - Bingru Chen
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, Kemaoxi Street, China
| | - Xiaochun Lu
- Sorghum Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Shenhe, China
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Zheng H, Dang Y, Sui N. Sorghum: A Multipurpose Crop. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:17570-17583. [PMID: 37933850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is one of the top five cereal crops in the world in terms of production and planting area and is widely grown in areas with severe abiotic stresses such as drought and saline-alkali land due to its excellent stress resistance. Moreover, sorghum is a rare multipurpose crop that can be classified into grain sorghum, energy sorghum, and silage sorghum according to its domestication direction and utilization traits, endowing it with broad breeding and economic value. In this review, we mainly discuss the latest research progress and regulatory genes of agronomic traits of sorghum as a grain, energy, and silage crop, as well as the future improvement direction of multipurpose sorghum. We also emphasize the feasibility of cultivating multipurpose sorghum through genetic engineering methods by exploring potential targets using wild sorghum germplasm and genetic resources, as well as genomic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yingying Dang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
- Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
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Bakare AG, Zindove TJ, Bhavna A, Devi A, Takayawa SL, Sharma AC, Iji PA. Lactobacillus buchneri and molasses can alter the physicochemical properties of cassava leaf silage. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22141. [PMID: 38034723 PMCID: PMC10685371 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In developing countries where feed resources are scarce, cassava leaves can be used as feed for animals. However, the use of cassava leaves is limited mainly because of their high fibre content and overall acceptability by animals. The resolution to this problem is to process the cassava leaves by ensiling and using additives. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the effects of including different inclusion levels of molasses and bacteria concentration on the physicochemical properties of cassava leaf silage. Molasses was added at inclusion levels of 0, 3, 5 and 7 g/100g of the chopped cassava leaves, and Lactobacillus buchneri was mixed with chopped cassava leaves at different concentrations of 0, 3.1 × 106 cfu/ml, 3.1 × 108 cfu/ml and 3.1 × 1010 cfu/ml. The effects of inclusion level of molasses on the colour, smell and texture of cassava leaf silage were significant (P < 0.05). Inclusion of bacteria concentration also influenced the smell of silage (P < 0.05). Effects of the inclusion level of molasses and bacteria concentration resulted in decreased pH, crude protein and crude fibre of silage (P < 0.05). There was a quadratic relationship between Ca and K with inclusion level of molasses in cassava leaf silage (P < 0.05). A positive linear relationship was observed between Mg and molasses inclusion levels in cassava leaf silage (P < 0.05). Using principal component analysis (PCA), molasses had a strong positive correlation with PCA 1, whereas crude fibre, pH and crude protein had a positive correlation with PCA 2. The inclusion level of bacterial concentration was negatively correlated to Ca, CP, P and CF. From the study, the use of molasses and L. buchneri can greatly improve the physicochemical qualities of cassava leaf silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archibold G. Bakare
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Fiji National University, Koronivia, Fiji
| | - Titus J. Zindove
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Fiji National University, Koronivia, Fiji
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Arti Bhavna
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Fiji National University, Koronivia, Fiji
| | - Ashika Devi
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Fiji National University, Koronivia, Fiji
| | - Sereana L. Takayawa
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture and Forestry, Fiji National University, Koronivia, Fiji
| | - Ami C. Sharma
- Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, Fiji
| | - Paul A. Iji
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Fiji National University, Koronivia, Fiji
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Yang L, Zhou Q, Sheng X, Chen X, Hua Y, Lin S, Luo Q, Yu B, Shao T, Wu Y, Chang J, Li Y, Tu M. Harnessing the Genetic Basis of Sorghum Biomass-Related Traits to Facilitate Bioenergy Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14549. [PMID: 37833996 PMCID: PMC10573072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of fossil fuels and global climate change have raised ever-increasing attention to sustainable development, global food security and the replacement of fossil fuels by renewable energy. Several C4 monocot grasses have excellent photosynthetic ability, stress tolerance and may rapidly produce biomass in marginal lands with low agronomic inputs, thus representing an important source of bioenergy. Among these grasses, Sorghum bicolor has been recognized as not only a promising bioenergy crop but also a research model due to its diploidy, simple genome, genetic diversity and clear orthologous relationship with other grass genomes, allowing sorghum research to be easily translated to other grasses. Although sorghum molecular genetic studies have lagged far behind those of major crops (e.g., rice and maize), recent advances have been made in a number of biomass-related traits to dissect the genetic loci and candidate genes, and to discover the functions of key genes. However, molecular and/or targeted breeding toward biomass-related traits in sorghum have not fully benefited from these pieces of genetic knowledge. Thus, to facilitate the breeding and bioenergy applications of sorghum, this perspective summarizes the bioenergy applications of different types of sorghum and outlines the genetic control of the biomass-related traits, ranging from flowering/maturity, plant height, internode morphological traits and metabolic compositions. In particular, we describe the dynamic changes of carbohydrate metabolism in sorghum internodes and highlight the molecular regulators involved in the different stages of internode carbohydrate metabolism, which affects the bioenergy utilization of sorghum biomass. We argue the way forward is to further enhance our understanding of the genetic mechanisms of these biomass-related traits with new technologies, which will lead to future directions toward tailored designing sorghum biomass traits suitable for different bioenergy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China (Y.W.)
| | - Qin Zhou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China (Y.W.)
| | - Xuan Sheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xiangqian Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China (Y.W.)
| | - Yuqing Hua
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China (Y.W.)
| | - Shuang Lin
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China (Y.W.)
| | - Qiyun Luo
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China (Y.W.)
| | - Boju Yu
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (B.Y.); (T.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Ti Shao
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (B.Y.); (T.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Yixiao Wu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China (Y.W.)
| | - Junli Chang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (B.Y.); (T.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Yin Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (B.Y.); (T.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Min Tu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China (Y.W.)
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Zheng H, Wang B, Hua X, Gao R, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Mei J, Huang Y, Huang Y, Lin H, Zhang X, Lin D, Lan S, Liu Z, Lu G, Wang Z, Ming R, Zhang J, Lin Z. A near-complete genome assembly of the allotetrapolyploid Cenchrus fungigraminus (JUJUNCAO) provides insights into its evolution and C4 photosynthesis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100633. [PMID: 37271992 PMCID: PMC10504591 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
JUJUNCAO (Cenchrus fungigraminus; 2n = 4x = 28) is a Cenchrus grass with the highest biomass production among cultivated plants, and it can be used for mushroom cultivation, animal feed, and biofuel production. Here, we report a nearly complete genome assembly of JUJUNCAO and reveal that JUJUNCAO is an allopolyploid that originated ∼2.7 million years ago (mya). Its genome consists of two subgenomes, and subgenome A shares high collinear synteny with pearl millet. We also investigated the genome evolution of JUJUNCAO and suggest that the ancestral karyotype of Cenchrus split into the A and B ancestral karyotypes of JUJUNCAO. Comparative transcriptome and DNA methylome analyses revealed functional divergence of homeologous gene pairs between the two subgenomes, which was a further indication of asymmetric DNA methylation. The three types of centromeric repeat in the JUJUNCAO genome (CEN137, CEN148, and CEN156) may have evolved independently within each subgenome, with some introgressions of CEN156 from the B to the A subgenome. We investigated the photosynthetic characteristics of JUJUNCAO, revealing its typical C4 Kranz anatomy and high photosynthetic efficiency. NADP-ME and PEPCK appear to cooperate in the major C4 decarboxylation reaction of JUJUNCAO, which is different from other C4 photosynthetic subtypes and may contribute to its high photosynthetic efficiency and biomass yield. Taken together, our results provide insights into the highly efficient photosynthetic mechanism of JUJUNCAO and provide a valuable reference genome for future genetic and evolutionary studies, as well as genetic improvement of Cenchrus grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huakun Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Baiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; Center for Genomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiuting Hua
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ruiting Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- Center for Genomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zixin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yixing Zhang
- Center for Genomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jing Mei
- Center for Genomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yongji Huang
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yumin Huang
- Center for Genomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hui Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- Center for Genomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dongmei Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Siren Lan
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhongjian Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guodong Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Ray Ming
- Center for Genomics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Jisen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Zhanxi Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Assem SK, Basry MA, Taha TA, El-Aziz MHA, Alwa T, Fouad WM. Development of an in vitro regeneration system from immature inflorescences and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in sudangrass. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:58. [PMID: 37184575 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense) is a major biomass producer for livestock feed and biofuel in many countries. It has a wide range of adaptations for growing on marginal lands under biotic and abiotic stresses. The immature inflorescence is an explant with high embryogenic competence and is frequently used to regenerate different sorghum cultivars. Caffeic acid O-methyl transferase (COMT) is a key enzyme in the lignin biosynthesis pathway, which limits ruminant digestion of forage cell walls and is a crucial barrier in the conversion of plant biomass to bioethanol. Genome editing by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis without a transgenic footprint will accelerate the improvement and facilitate regulatory approval and commercialization of biotech crops. METHODS AND RESULTS We report the overcome of the recalcitrance in sudangrass transformation and regeneration in order to use genome editing technique. Hence, an efficient regeneration system has been established to induce somatic embryogenesis from the immature inflorescence of two sudangrass cultivars on four MS-based media supplemented with different components. Our results indicate an interaction between genotype and medium composition. The combination of Giza-1 cultivar and M4 medium produces the maximum frequency of embryogenic calli of 80% and subsequent regeneration efficiency of 22.6%. Precise mutagenesis of the COMT gene is executed using the CRISPR/Cas9 system with the potential to reduce lignin content and enhance forage and biomass quality in sudangrass. CONCLUSION A reliable regeneration and transformation system has been established for sudangrass using immature inflorescence, and the CRISPR/Cas9 system has demonstrated a promising technology for genome editing. The outcomes of this research will pave the road for further improvement of various sorghum genotypes to meet the global demand for food, feed, and biofuels, achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen K Assem
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud A Basry
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Taha A Taha
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - M H Abd El-Aziz
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Taher Alwa
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Walid M Fouad
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Shan W, Yan Y, Li Y, Hu W, Chen J. Microbial tolerance engineering for boosting lactic acid production from lignocellulose. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:78. [PMID: 37170163 PMCID: PMC10173534 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive non-food feedstock for lactic acid production via microbial conversion due to its abundance and low-price, which can alleviate the conflict with food supplies. However, a variety of inhibitors derived from the biomass pretreatment processes repress microbial growth, decrease feedstock conversion efficiency and increase lactic acid production costs. Microbial tolerance engineering strategies accelerate the conversion of carbohydrates by improving microbial tolerance to toxic inhibitors using pretreated lignocellulose hydrolysate as a feedstock. This review presents the recent significant progress in microbial tolerance engineering to develop robust microbial cell factories with inhibitor tolerance and their application for cellulosic lactic acid production. Moreover, microbial tolerance engineering crosslinking other efficient breeding tools and novel approaches are also deeply discussed, aiming to providing a practical guide for economically viable production of cellulosic lactic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Shan
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Yan
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongda Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jihong Chen
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Tu M, Du C, Yu B, Wang G, Deng Y, Wang Y, Chen M, Chang J, Yang G, He G, Xiong Z, Li Y. Current advances in the molecular regulation of abiotic stress tolerance in sorghum via transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1147328. [PMID: 37235010 PMCID: PMC10206308 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1147328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), a monocot C4 crop, is an important staple crop for many countries in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. Because sorghum has outstanding tolerance and adaptability to a variety of abiotic stresses, including drought, salt, and alkaline, and heavy metal stressors, it is valuable research material for better understanding the molecular mechanisms of stress tolerance in crops and for mining new genes for their genetic improvement of abiotic stress tolerance. Here, we compile recent progress achieved using physiological, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome approaches; discuss the similarities and differences in how sorghum responds to differing stresses; and summarize the candidate genes involved in the process of responding to and regulating abiotic stresses. More importantly, we exemplify the differences between combined stresses and a single stress, emphasizing the necessity to strengthen future studies regarding the molecular responses and mechanisms of combined abiotic stresses, which has greater practical significance for food security. Our review lays a foundation for future functional studies of stress-tolerance-related genes and provides new insights into the molecular breeding of stress-tolerant sorghum genotypes, as well as listing a catalog of candidate genes for improving the stress tolerance for other key monocot crops, such as maize, rice, and sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Canghao Du
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Boju Yu
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoli Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanbin Deng
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuesheng Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junli Chang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangxiao Yang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangyuan He
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiong
- Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Yin Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Yu K, Song Y, Lin J, Dixon RA. The complexities of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and its regulation in plants. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100498. [PMID: 36435967 PMCID: PMC10030370 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are natural flavan-3-ol polymers that contribute protection to plants under biotic and abiotic stress, benefits to human health, and bitterness and astringency to food products. They are also potential targets for carbon sequestration for climate mitigation. In recent years, from model species to commercial crops, research has moved closer to elucidating the flux control and channeling, subunit biosynthesis and polymerization, transport mechanisms, and regulatory networks involved in plant PA metabolism. This review extends the conventional understanding with recent findings that provide new insights to address lingering questions and focus strategies for manipulating PA traits in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keji Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yushuang Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Richard A Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Ge F, Xie P, Wu Y, Xie Q. Genetic architecture and molecular regulation of sorghum domestication. ABIOTECH 2023; 4:57-71. [PMID: 37220542 PMCID: PMC10199992 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-022-00089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Over time, wild crops have been domesticated by humans, and the knowledge gained from parallel selection and convergent domestication-related studies in cereals has contributed to current techniques used in molecular plant breeding. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is the world's fifth-most popular cereal crop and was one of the first crops cultivated by ancient farmers. In recent years, genetic and genomic studies have provided a better understanding of sorghum domestication and improvements. Here, we discuss the origin, diversification, and domestication processes of sorghum based on archeological discoveries and genomic analyses. This review also comprehensively summarized the genetic basis of key genes related to sorghum domestication and outlined their molecular mechanisms. It highlights that the absence of a domestication bottleneck in sorghum is the result of both evolution and human selection. Additionally, understanding beneficial alleles and their molecular interactions will allow us to quickly design new varieties by further de novo domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyong Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Peng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Yaorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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11
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Jiao J, Wang T, Li S, Gou N, Degen AA, Long R, Wang H, Shang Z. Effects of supplementing sweet sorghum with grapeseeds on carcass parameters, and meat quality, amino acid, and fatty acid composition of lambs. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:461-470. [PMID: 36397700 PMCID: PMC9996252 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sweet sorghum is an important forage crop for ruminants, especially in low rainfall areas. Grapeseeds are an abundant by-product of wine-making and contain bioactive substances that can improve the antioxidant capacity of meat. We examined the effect of sweet sorghum forage with supplementary grapeseeds on carcass and meat quality in lambs. METHODS Twenty-eight Small-tailed Han lambs (body weight = 19.1±1.20 kg), aged 3 to 4 months, were penned, and fed individually. The lambs were divided into four groups (n = 7 each) and were offered one of four diets: i) sweet sorghum silage; ii) sweet sorghum silage + grapeseeds; iii) sweet sorghum hay; and iv) sweet sorghum hay + grapeseeds. The grapeseeds were added to the concentrate at 6% DM and the diets were fed for 100 d. RESULTS Sweet sorghum silage tended (p = 0.068) to increase hot carcass weight, while grapeseeds tended (p = 0.081) to decrease dressing percentage without affecting other carcass parameters. Lambs consuming supplementary grapeseeds increased (p<0.05) meat redness and tended to decrease (p = 0.075) concentration of methionine in meat. Lambs consuming sweet sorghum silage increased (p<0.001) water content of the meat and had a lower (p<0.05) concentration of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio than lambs consuming sweet sorghum hay. Saturated fatty acids content in meat was lowest (p<0.05) in lambs consuming sweet sorghum silage with grapeseeds. Lambs with supplementary grapeseeds tended (p<0.10) to increase eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and have a lower thrombogenic index than lambs not consuming grapeseeds. CONCLUSION It was concluded that sweet sorghum with supplementary grapeseeds fed to lambs; i) improved the color of the meat to be more appetizing to the consumer; ii) tended to improve the fatty acids composition of the meat; and iii) lowered thrombogenic index of the meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro- Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro- Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University, The Second People's Hospital of Jiaozuo, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro- Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Nana Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro- Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - A Allan Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410500, Israel
| | - Ruijun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro- Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro- Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Zhanhuan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro- Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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12
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Zheng H, Gao Y, Sui Y, Dang Y, Wu F, Wang X, Zhang F, Du X, Sui N. R2R3 MYB transcription factor SbMYBHv33 negatively regulates sorghum biomass accumulation and salt tolerance. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:5. [PMID: 36656365 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
SbMYBHv33 negatively regulated biomass accumulation and salt tolerance in sorghum and Arabidopsis by regulating reactive oxygen species accumulation and ion levels. Salt stress is one of the main types of environmental stress leading to a reduction in crop yield worldwide. Plants have also evolved a variety of corresponding regulatory pathways to resist environmental stress damage. This study aimed to identify a SbMYBHv33 transcription factor that downregulates in salt, drought, and abscisic acid (ABA) in the salt-tolerant inbred line sorghum M-81E. The findings revealed that overexpression of SbMYBHv33 in sorghum significantly reduced sorghum biomass accumulation at the seedling stage and also salinity tolerance. Meanwhile, a heterologous transformation of Arabidopsis with SbMYBHv33 produced a similar phenotype. The loss of function of the Arabidopsis homolog of SbMYBHv33 resulted in longer roots and increased salt tolerance. Under normal conditions, SbMYBHV33 overexpression promoted the expression of ABA pathway genes in sorghum and inhibited growth. Under salt stress conditions, the gene expression of SbMYBHV33 decreased in the overexpressed lines, and the promotion of these genes in the ABA pathway was attenuated. This might be an important reason for the difference in growth and stress resistance between SbMYBHv33-overexpressed sorghum and ectopic expression Arabidopsis. Hence, SbMYBHv33 is an important component of sorghum growth and development and the regulation of salt stress response, and it could negatively regulate salt tolerance and biomass accumulation in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yinping Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yi Sui
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yingying Dang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Fenghui Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Fangning Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xihua Du
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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13
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Hu W, Zhou L, Chen JH. Conversion sweet sorghum biomass to produce value-added products. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:72. [PMID: 35765054 PMCID: PMC9241265 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCurrently, most biotechnological products are produced from sugar- or starch-containing crops via microbial conversion, but accelerating the conflict with food supply. Thus, it has become increasingly interesting for industrial biotechnology to seek alternative non-food feedstock, such as sweet sorghum. Value-added chemical production from sweet sorghum not only alleviates dependency and conflict for traditional starch feedstocks (especially corn), but also improves efficient utilization of semi‐arid agricultural land resources, especially for China. Sweet sorghum is rich in components, such as fermentable carbohydrates, insoluble lignocellulosic parts and bioactive compounds, making it more likely to produce value-added chemicals. Thus, this review highlights detailed bioconversion methods and its applications for the production of value-added products from sweet sorghum biomass. Moreover, strategies and new perspectives on improving the production economics of sweet sorghum biomass utilization are also discussed, aiming to develop a competitive sweet sorghum-based economy.
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Song Y, Zheng H, Sui Y, Li S, Wu F, Sun X, Sui N. SbWRKY55 regulates sorghum response to saline environment by its dual role in abscisic acid signaling. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:2609-2625. [PMID: 35841419 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SbWRKY55 functions as a key component of the ABA-mediated signaling pathway; transgenic sorghum regulates plant responses to saline environments and will help save arable land and ensure food security. Salt tolerance in plants is triggered by various environmental stress factors and endogenous hormonal signals. Numerous studies have shown that WRKY transcription factors are involved in regulating plant salt tolerance. However, the underlying mechanism for WRKY transcription factors regulated salt stress response and signal transduction pathways remains largely unknown. In this study, the SbWRKY55 transcription factor was found to be the key component for reduced levels of salt and abscisic acid in SbWRKY55 overexpression significantly reduced salt tolerance in sorghum and Arabidopsis. Mutation of the homologous gene AtWRKY55 in A. thaliana significantly enhanced salt tolerance, and SbWRKY55 supplementation in the mutants restored salt tolerance. In the transgenic sorghum with SbWRKY55 overexpression, the expression levels of genes involved in the abscisic acid (ABA) pathway were altered, and the endogenous ABA content decreased. Yeast one-hybrid assays and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that SbWRKY55 binds directly to the promoter of SbBGLU22 and inhibits its expression level. In addition, both in vivo and in vitro biochemical analyses showed that SbWRKY55 interacts with the FYVE zinc finger protein SbFYVE1, blocking the ABA signaling pathway. This could be an important feedback regulatory pathway to balance the SbWRKY55-mediated salt stress response. In summary, the results of this study provide convincing evidence that SbWRKY55 functions as a key component in the ABA-mediated signaling pathway, highlighting the dual role of SbWRKY55 in ABA signaling. This study also showed that SbWRKY55 could negatively regulate salt tolerance in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Hongxiang Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yi Sui
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Simin Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Fenghui Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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15
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Zhang D, Tang S, Xie P, Yang D, Wu Y, Cheng S, Du K, Xin P, Chu J, Yu F, Xie Q. Creation of fragrant sorghum by CRISPR/Cas9. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:961-964. [PMID: 35142064 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum, the fifth largest cereal crop, has high value as a staple food and raw material for liquor and vinegar brewing. Due to its high biomass and quality, it is also used as the second most planted silage resource. No fragrant sorghums are currently on the market. Through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of SbBADH2, we obtained sorghum lines with extraordinary aromatic smell in both seeds and leaves. Animal feeding experiments showed that fragrant sorghum leaves were attractable. We believe this advantage will produce great value in the sorghum market for both grain and whole biomass forage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sanyuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Peng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dekai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shujing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kai Du
- Animal Facility Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Peiyong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Feifei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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16
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Two Sweet Sorghum Genotypes with Different Salt Tolerance Abilities to Reveal the Mechanism of Salt Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042272. [PMID: 35216389 PMCID: PMC8877675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet sorghum is a C4 crop that can be grown for silage forage, fiber, syrup and fuel production. It is generally considered a salt-tolerant plant. However, the salt tolerance ability varies among genotypes, and the mechanism is not well known. To further uncover the salt tolerance mechanism, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis with RNA samples in two sweet sorghum genotypes showing different salt tolerance abilities (salt-tolerant line RIO and salt-sensitive line SN005) upon salt treatment. These response processes mainly focused on secondary metabolism, hormone signaling and stress response. The expression pattern cluster analysis showed that RIO-specific response genes were significantly enriched in the categories related to secondary metabolic pathways. GO enrichment analysis indicated that RIO responded earlier than SN005 in the 2 h after treatment. In addition, we identified more transcription factors (TFs) in RIO than SN005 that were specifically expressed differently in the first 2 h of salt treatment, and the pattern of TF change was obviously different. These results indicate that an early response in secondary metabolism might be essential for salt tolerance in sweet sorghum. In conclusion, we found that an early response, especially in secondary metabolism and hormone signaling, might be essential for salt tolerance in sweet sorghum.
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Ren G, Yang P, Cui J, Gao Y, Yin C, Bai Y, Zhao D, Chang J. Multiomics Analyses of Two Sorghum Cultivars Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Salt Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:886805. [PMID: 35677242 PMCID: PMC9168679 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.886805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is one of the most important cereal crops and contains many health-promoting substances. Sorghum has high tolerance to abiotic stress and contains a variety of flavonoids compounds. Flavonoids are produced by the phenylpropanoid pathway and performed a wide range of functions in plants resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. A multiomics analysis of two sorghum cultivars (HN and GZ) under different salt treatments time (0, 24, 48, and 72) was performed. A total of 45 genes, 58 secondary metabolites, and 246 proteins were recognized with significant differential abundances in different comparison models. The common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were allocated to the "flavonoid biosynthesis" and "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis" pathways. The most enriched pathways of the common differentially accumulating metabolites (DAMs) were "flavonoid biosynthesis," followed by "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis" and "arginine and proline metabolism." The common differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were mainly distributed in "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis," "biosynthesis of cofactors," and "RNA transport." Furthermore, considerable differences were observed in the accumulation of low molecular weight nonenzymatic antioxidants and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Collectively, the results of our study support the idea that flavonoid biological pathways may play an important physiological role in the ability of sorghum to withstand salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genzeng Ren
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Puyuan Yang
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jianghui Cui
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yukun Gao
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Congpei Yin
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yuzhe Bai
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Dongting Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jinhua Chang
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhua Chang,
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18
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Ran T, Tang SX, Yu X, Hou ZP, Hou FJ, Beauchemin KA, Yang WZ, Wu DQ. Diets varying in ratio of sweet sorghum silage to corn silage for lactating dairy cows: Feed intake, milk production, blood biochemistry, ruminal fermentation, and ruminal microbial community. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:12600-12615. [PMID: 34419272 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of partial substitution of corn silage (CS) with sweet sorghum silage (SS) in the diets of lactating dairy cows on dry matter (DM) intake, milk yield and composition, blood biochemistry, and ruminal fermentation and microbial community. Thirty mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows [mean ± standard deviation; 639 ± 42.0 kg of body weight; 112 ± 24.0 d in milk (DIM)] were assigned to 3 groups (n = 10/treatment) by considering parity, milk yield, and DIM. The cows were fed ad libitum total mixed rations containing 55% forage and 45% concentrate, with only the proportion of CS and SS varying in 3 treatments (DM basis): SS0 (0% substitution of CS), 40% CS and 0% SS; SS25 (25% substitution of CS), 30% CS and 10% SS; and SS50 (50% substitution of CS), 20% CS and 20% SS. Dry matter intake and milk protein concentration tended to linearly decrease with increasing proportion of SS in the diet. Yields of milk (mean ± standard deviation, 30.9 ± 1.12 kg/d), 4% fat-corrected milk (30.0 ± 0.81 kg/d), energy-corrected milk, milk protein, lactose, and total solids, concentrations of milk fat, lactose, somatic cell counts, and milk efficiency did not differ among diets. The concentrations in blood of urea nitrogen, phosphorus, aspartate aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde linearly increased with increasing SS proportion. Blood IgA decreased with increasing SS substitution rate, but blood IgG and IgM were not different among diets. Ruminal pH did not differ among diets, whereas ruminal NH3-N concentration quadratically changed such that it was greater for SS50 than for SS0 and SS25. Molar proportions of propionate and acetate to propionate ratio were less for SS25 than for SS0. Although the diversity and general ruminal microbial community structure were not altered by partially replacing CS with SS, the relative abundances of predominant bacteria were affected by diets at the phylum and genus levels. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were dominant phyla in the ruminal bacterial community for all diets, and their relative abundance linearly decreased and increased, respectively, with increasing SS substitution rate. Prevotella_1 and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group were detected as the most and the second most abundant genera, with their relative abundance linearly increased and decreased, respectively, with increasing SS substitution rate. The relative abundance of Fibrobacter linearly increased with increasing dietary SS proportion, with greater abundance observed for SS25 and SS50 than for SS0. These results suggest that substitution of CS with SS altered the relative abundances of some predominant bacteria; however, these changes had little effect on ruminal fermentation and milk yield. Under the current experimental conditions, substituting up to 50% of CS with SS had no negative effects on milk yield, indicating that SS can partially replace CS in the diets of high-producing lactating dairy cows without adding extra grain, when diets are fed for a short time. As the effects of substituting CS with SS depend upon the chemical composition and digestibility of these silages and the nutrient requirements of the cows, additional grain may be required in some cases to compensate for the lower starch content of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ran
- College of Pastoral Science and Technology, University of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - S X Tang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - X Yu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Z P Hou
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - F J Hou
- College of Pastoral Science and Technology, University of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - K A Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - W Z Yang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - D Q Wu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China.
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Kumari P, Kumar V, Kumar R, Pahuja SK. Sorghum polyphenols: plant stress, human health benefits, and industrial applications. PLANTA 2021; 254:47. [PMID: 34374841 PMCID: PMC8353607 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Various phenolic compounds of sorghum are effective in the management of abiotic stress (salt, nutrients) and biotic stress (caused by birds, fungi and aphids). The health and industrial application of phenolics is mainly contributed by inherent antioxidant and nutraceutical potential. In a natural environment, plant growth is affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses. In every ecosystem, the presence of a wide range of harmful biological agents (bacteria, fungi, nematodes, mites, and insects) and undesirable environmental factors (drought, salinity, heat, excessive or low rainfall, etc.) may cause a heavy loss in crop productivity. Being sessile during evolution, plants have evolved multiple defense mechanisms against various types of microbial pathogens and environmental stresses. A plant's natural defense system produces some compounds named secondary metabolites, which include phenolics, terpenes, and nitrogen. The phenolic profile of grain sorghum, the least utilized staple crop, is unique, more diverse, and more abundant than in any other common cereal grain. It mainly contains phenolic acids, 3-deoxyanthocyanidins and condensed tannins. Sorghum polyphenols play a major role in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses and have many additional health benefits along with various industrial applications. The objective of this review is to discuss the phenolic compounds derived from grain sorghum and describe their role in plant defense, human health, and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pummy Kumari
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, COA, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India.
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Surender Kumar Pahuja
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, COA, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
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20
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Wu AL, Jiao XY, Wang JS, Dong EW, Guo J, Wang LG, Sun AQ, Hu HW. Sorghum rhizosphere effects reduced soil bacterial diversity by recruiting specific bacterial species under low nitrogen stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:144742. [PMID: 33736399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rhizosphere microbiota play a pivotal role in promoting plant growth and defending against pathogens, but their responses to abiotic environmental stress remain largely elusive. Here, we investigated the influences of low-N stress on rhizosphere bacteria of six sorghum cultivars in a glasshouse experiment. The alpha diversity of bacteria (as revealed by Shannon diversity and Chao1 richness indices) was remarkably lower in rhizosphere soils than in bulk soils, and was significantly higher under low-N stress than under N addition. Principal coordinates analysis revealed that the bacterial community compositions in rhizosphere soils were clearly separated from bulk soils, and the rhizosphere soils under low-N stress or with N fertilization were clearly separated, indicating that both rhizosphere effects and N fertilization impacted the rhizosphere bacterial community. Notably, the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria such as Bacillaceae and Streptomycetaceae significantly increased in rhizosphere soils under low-N stress, which had significantly positive correlations with the sorghum N uptake. The relative abundance of Nitrosomonadaceae in rhizosphere soils was significantly lower than that in bulk soils, while the relative abundance of Rhizobiaceae showed an opposite pattern. Taken together, our results suggested that sorghum rhizosphere effects can reduce soil bacterial diversity possibly through recruiting specific bacterial species under low N stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Lian Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Jiao
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Jin-Song Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Er-Wei Dong
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Jun Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Li-Ge Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - An-Qi Sun
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Hang-Wei Hu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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21
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Bai Y, Rafiq MK, Li S, Degen AA, Mašek O, Sun H, Han H, Wang T, Joseph S, Bachmann RT, Sani RK, Long R, Shang Z. Biochar from pyrolyzed Tibetan Yak dung as a novel additive in ensiling sweet sorghum: An alternate to the hazardous use of Yak dung as a fuel in the home. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123647. [PMID: 33264862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Yak dung is used as fuel in Tibetan homes; however, this use is hazardous to health. An alternative use of the dung that would be profitable and offset the loss as a fuel would be very beneficial. Sweet sorghum silage with yak dung biochar as an additive was compared with a control silage with no additives and three silages with different commercial additives, namely Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus plantarum and Acremonium cellulase. Biochar-treated silage had a significantly greater concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates than the other silages (76 vs 12.4-45.8 g/kg DM) and a greater crude protein content (75.5 vs 61.4 g/kg DM), lactic acid concentration (40.7 vs 27.7 g/kg DM) and gross energy yield (17.8 vs 17.4 MJ/kg) than the control silage. Biochar-treated and control silages did not differ in in vitro digestibility and in total gas (507 vs 511 L/kg DM) and methane production (57.9 vs 57.1 L/kg DM). Biochar inhibited degradation of protein and water-soluble carbohydrates and enhanced lactic acid production, which improved storability of feed. It was concluded that yak dung biochar is an efficient, cost-effective ensiling additive. The profit could offset the loss of dung as fuel and improve the health of Tibetan people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Muhammad Khalid Rafiq
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, United Kingdom; Rangeland Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shanshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - A Allan Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410500, Israel
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Huawen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Stephen Joseph
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Thomas Bachmann
- Malaysian Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (MICET), Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), Lot 1988, Taboh Naning, 78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Rajesh K Sani
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E. St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD, 57701, United States
| | - Ruijun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhanhuan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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22
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Tu M, Li Y. Profiling Alternative 3' Untranslated Regions in Sorghum using RNA-seq Data. Front Genet 2020; 11:556749. [PMID: 33193635 PMCID: PMC7649775 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.556749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorghum is an important crop widely used for food, feed, and fuel. Transcriptome-wide studies of 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTR) using regular RNA-seq remain scarce in sorghum, while transcriptomes have been characterized extensively using Illumina short-read sequencing platforms for many sorghum varieties under various conditions or developmental contexts. 3′UTR is a critical regulatory component of genes, controlling the translation, transport, and stability of messenger RNAs. In the present study, we profiled the alternative 3′UTRs at the transcriptome level in three genetically related but phenotypically contrasting lines of sorghum: Rio, BTx406, and R9188. A total of 1,197 transcripts with alternative 3′UTRs were detected using RNA-seq data. Their categorization identified 612 high-confidence alternative 3′UTRs. Importantly, the high-confidence alternative 3′UTR genes significantly overlapped with the genesets that are associated with RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, suggesting a clear indication between alternative 3′UTR and m6A methylation in sorghum. Moreover, taking advantage of sorghum genetics, we provided evidence of genotype specificity of alternative 3′UTR usage. In summary, our work exemplifies a transcriptome-wide profiling of alternative 3′UTRs using regular RNA-seq data in non-model crops and gains insights into alternative 3′UTRs and their genotype specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tu
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Yin Li
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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23
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Chen J, Zhu M, Liu R, Zhang M, Lv Y, Liu Y, Xiao X, Yuan J, Cai H. BIOMASS YIELD 1 regulates sorghum biomass and grain yield via the shikimate pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5506-5520. [PMID: 32497182 PMCID: PMC7501818 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Biomass and grain yield are key agronomic traits in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor); however, the molecular mechanisms that regulate these traits are not well understood. Here, we characterized the biomass yield 1 (by1) mutant, which displays a dramatically altered phenotype that includes reduced plant height, narrow stems, erect and narrow leaves, and abnormal floral organs. Histological analysis suggested that these phenotypic defects are mainly caused by inhibited cell elongation and abnormal floral organ development. Map-based cloning revealed that BY1 encodes a 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase (DAHPS) that catalyses the first step of the shikimate pathway. BY1 was localized in chloroplasts and was ubiquitously distributed in the organs examined, particularly in the roots, stems, leaves, and panicles, which was consistent with its role in biomass production and grain yield. Transcriptome analysis and metabolic profiling revealed that BY1 was involved in primary metabolism and that it affected the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites, especially flavonoids. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that BY1 affects biomass and grain yield in sorghum by regulating primary and secondary metabolism via the shikimate pathway. Moreover, our results provide important insights into the relationship between plant development and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, Nanjing, China
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing China
| | - Mengjiao Zhu
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing China
| | - Ruixiang Liu
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, Nanjing, China
| | - Meijing Zhang
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya Lv
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing China
| | - Yishan Liu
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing China
| | - Jianhua Yuan
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing China
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Forage Crop Research Institute, Japan Grassland Agricultural and Forage Seed Association, 388-5 Higashiakada, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
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24
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Metabolite Profiling of Sorghum Seeds of Different Colors from Different Sweet Sorghum Cultivars Using a Widely Targeted Metabolomics Approach. Int J Genomics 2020; 2020:6247429. [PMID: 32190640 PMCID: PMC7073482 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6247429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world with colorful seeds. To study the diversity and cultivar-specificity of phytochemicals in sweet sorghum seeds, widely targeted metabolomics was used to analyze the metabolic profiles of the white, red, and purple seeds from three sweet sorghum cultivars Z6, Z27, and HC4. We identified 651 metabolites that were divided into 24 categories, including fatty acids, glycerolipids, flavonoids, benzoic acid derivatives, anthocyanins, and nucleotides and its derivatives. Among them, 217 metabolites were selected as significantly differential metabolites which could be related to the seed color by clustering analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal signal correction and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). A significant difference was shown between the red seed and purple seed samples, Z27 and HC4, in which 106 were downregulated and 111 were upregulated. The result indicated that 240 metabolites were significantly different, which could be related to the purple color with 58 metabolites downregulated and 182 metabolites upregulated. And 199 metabolites might be involved in the red phenotype with 54 downregulated and 135 upregulated. There were 45 metabolites that were common to all three cultivars, while cyanidin O-malonyl-malonyl hexoside, cyanidin O-acetylhexoside, and cyanidin 3-O-glucosyl-malonylglucoside were significantly upregulated red seeds, which could be the basis for the variety of seed colors. Generally, our findings provide a comprehensive comparison of the metabolites between the three phenotypes of S. bicolor and an interpretation of phenotypic differences from the point of metabolomics.
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25
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Yang Z, Li JL, Liu LN, Xie Q, Sui N. Photosynthetic Regulation Under Salt Stress and Salt-Tolerance Mechanism of Sweet Sorghum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1722. [PMID: 32010174 PMCID: PMC6974683 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sweet sorghum is a C4 crop with the characteristic of fast-growth and high-yields. It is a good source for food, feed, fiber, and fuel. On saline land, sweet sorghum can not only survive, but increase its sugar content. Therefore, it is regarded as a potential source for identifying salt-related genes. Here, we review the physiological and biochemical responses of sweet sorghum to salt stress, such as photosynthesis, sucrose synthesis, hormonal regulation, and ion homeostasis, as well as their potential salt-resistance mechanisms. The major advantages of salt-tolerant sweet sorghum include: 1) improving the Na+ exclusion ability to maintain ion homeostasis in roots under salt-stress conditions, which ensures a relatively low Na+ concentration in shoots; 2) maintaining a high sugar content in shoots under salt-stress conditions, by protecting the structures of photosystems, enhancing photosynthetic performance and sucrose synthetase activity, as well as inhibiting sucrose degradation. To study the regulatory mechanism of such genes will provide opportunities for increasing the salt tolerance of sweet sorghum by breeding and genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Biological Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Jin-Lu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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26
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Ma S, Lv L, Meng C, Zhou C, Fu J, Shen X, Zhang C, Li Y. Genome-Wide Analysis of Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis, Catabolism, and Signaling in Sorghum Bicolor under Saline-Alkali Stress. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120823. [PMID: 31817046 PMCID: PMC6995594 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is the fifth most important cereal crop in the world. It is an annual C4 crop due to its high biomass and wide usage, and has a strong resistance to stress. Obviously, there are many benefits of planting sorghum on marginal soils such as saline-alkali land. Although it is known that abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in plant abiotic stress responses, there are few reports on sorghum. Here, we obtained RNA-seq data, which showed gene expression at the genome-wide level under saline-alkali stress. The genes related to ABA biosynthesis, catabolism, and signaling were identified and analyzed. Meanwhile, their amino acid sequences were intermingled with rice genes to form several distinct orthologous and paralogous groups. ABA-related differentially expressed genes under saline-alkali stress were identified, and family members involved in ABA signaling were hypothesized based on the expression levels and homologous genes in rice. Furthermore, the ABA signaling pathway in Sorghum bicolor was understood better by interaction analysis. These findings present a comprehensive overview of the genes regulating ABA biosynthesis, catabolism, and signaling in Sorghum bicolor under saline-alkali stress, and provide a foundation for future research regarding their biological roles in sorghum stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Ma
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (S.M.); (L.L.); (C.M.); (X.S.)
| | - Lin Lv
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (S.M.); (L.L.); (C.M.); (X.S.)
| | - Chen Meng
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (S.M.); (L.L.); (C.M.); (X.S.)
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Jie Fu
- BGI Co., Ltd. No.21 Hongan 3rd Street, Yantian District, Shenzhen 518083, China;
| | - Xiangling Shen
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (S.M.); (L.L.); (C.M.); (X.S.)
| | - Chengsheng Zhang
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (S.M.); (L.L.); (C.M.); (X.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-053288702115 (C.Z.); +86-053266715597 (Y.L.)
| | - Yiqiang Li
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (S.M.); (L.L.); (C.M.); (X.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-053288702115 (C.Z.); +86-053266715597 (Y.L.)
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27
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Xie P, Shi J, Tang S, Chen C, Khan A, Zhang F, Xiong Y, Li C, He W, Wang G, Lei F, Wu Y, Xie Q. Control of Bird Feeding Behavior by Tannin1 through Modulating the Biosynthesis of Polyphenols and Fatty Acid-Derived Volatiles in Sorghum. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:1315-1324. [PMID: 31557534 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bird predation during seed maturation causes great loss to agricultural production. In this study, through GWAS analysis of a large-scale sorghum germplasm diversity panel, we identified that Tannin1, which encodes a WD40 protein functioning in the WD40/MYB/bHLH complex, controls bird feeding behavior in sorghum. Metabolic profiling analysis showed that a group of sorghum accessions preferred by birds contain mutated tan1-a/b alleles and accumulate significantly lower levels of anthocyanins and condensed tannin compounds. In contrast, a variety of aromatic and fatty acid-derived volatiles accumulate at significantly higher levels in these bird-preference accessions. We subsequently conducted both sparrow feeding and sparrow volatile attractant assays, which confirmed, respectively, the antifeedant and attractant functions of these differentially accumulated metabolites. In addition, the connection between the biosynthesis pathway of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin and the pathway of fatty acid-derived volatile biosynthesis was demonstrated by discovering that Tannin1 complex modulates fatty acid biosynthesis by regulating the expression of SbGL2 in sorghum, thus affecting the accumulation of fatty acid-derived volatiles. Taken together, our study identified Tannin1 as the gene underlying the major locus controlling bird feeding behavior in sorghum, illustrating an example of the identification of an ecologically impactful molecular mechanism from field observation and providing significant insights into the chemistry of bird-plant ecological interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiayang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Sanyuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Chengxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Aimal Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fumin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Yaorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
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