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Yang Q, Deng X, Liu T, Qian J, Zhang P, Zhu E, Wang J, Zhu X, Kudoyarova G, Zhao J, Zhang K. Abscisic acid root-to-shoot translocation by transporter AtABCG25 mediates stomatal movements in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:671-684. [PMID: 38345859 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a central role in regulating stomatal movements under drought conditions. The root-derived peptide CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED 25 (CLE25) moves from the root to shoot for activating ABA biosynthesis under drought conditions. However, the root-to-shoot translocation of root-derived ABA and its regulation of stomatal movements in the shoot remain to be clarified. Here, we reveal that the ABA transporter ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 25 (AtABCG25) mediates root-to-shoot translocation of ABA and ABA-glucosyl ester (ABA-GE) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Isotope-labeled ABA tracer experiments and hormone quantification in xylem sap showed that the root-to-shoot translocation of ABA and ABA-GE was substantially impaired in the atabcg25 mutant under nondrought and drought conditions. However, the contents of ABA and ABA-GE in the leaves were lower in the atabcg25 mutant than in the wild type (WT) under nondrought but similar under drought conditions. Consistently, the stomatal closure was suppressed in the atabcg25 mutant under nondrought but not under drought conditions. The transporter activity assays showed that AtABCG25 directly exported ABA and ABA-GE in planta and in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells. Thus, we proposed a working model in which root-derived ABA transported by AtABCG25 via xylem mediates stomatal movements in the shoot under nondrought conditions but might exhibit little effect on stomatal movements under drought conditions. These findings extend the functions of AtABCG25 and provide insights into the long-distance translocation of ABA and its role in stomatal movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Deng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, PR China
| | - Ting Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, PR China
| | - Jiayun Qian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, PR China
| | - Penghong Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, PR China
| | - Engao Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, PR China
| | - Jingqi Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, PR China
| | - Xiaoxian Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, PR China
| | - Guzel Kudoyarova
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre, RAS, Prospekt Oktyabrya 69, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Jiangzhe Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, PR China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, PR China
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Gasperini D, Howe GA. Phytohormones in a universe of regulatory metabolites: lessons from jasmonate. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:135-154. [PMID: 38290050 PMCID: PMC11060663 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Small-molecule phytohormones exert control over plant growth, development, and stress responses by coordinating the patterns of gene expression within and between cells. Increasing evidence indicates that currently recognized plant hormones are part of a larger group of regulatory metabolites that have acquired signaling properties during the evolution of land plants. This rich assortment of chemical signals reflects the tremendous diversity of plant secondary metabolism, which offers evolutionary solutions to the daunting challenges of sessility and other unique aspects of plant biology. A major gap in our current understanding of plant regulatory metabolites is the lack of insight into the direct targets of these compounds. Here, we illustrate the blurred distinction between classical phytohormones and other bioactive metabolites by highlighting the major scientific advances that transformed the view of jasmonate from an interesting floral scent to a potent transcriptional regulator. Lessons from jasmonate research generally apply to other phytohormones and thus may help provide a broad understanding of regulatory metabolite-protein interactions. In providing a framework that links small-molecule diversity to transcriptional plasticity, we hope to stimulate future research to explore the evolution, functions, and mechanisms of perception of a broad range of plant regulatory metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Gasperini
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Gregg A Howe
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 42284, USA
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Akhiyarova G, Finkina EI, Zhang K, Veselov D, Vafina G, Ovchinnikova TV, Kudoyarova G. The Long-Distance Transport of Some Plant Hormones and Possible Involvement of Lipid-Binding and Transfer Proteins in Hormonal Transport. Cells 2024; 13:364. [PMID: 38474328 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to changes in the environment depends, in part, on signaling between plant organs to integrate adaptive response at the level of the whole organism. Changes in the delivery of hormones from one organ to another through the vascular system strongly suggest that hormone transport is involved in the transmission of signals over long distances. However, there is evidence that, alternatively, systemic responses may be brought about by other kinds of signals (e.g., hydraulic or electrical) capable of inducing changes in hormone metabolism in distant organs. Long-distance transport of hormones is therefore a matter of debate. This review summarizes arguments for and against the involvement of the long-distance transport of cytokinins in signaling mineral nutrient availability from roots to the shoot. It also assesses the evidence for the role of abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonates in long-distance signaling of water deficiency and the possibility that Lipid-Binding and Transfer Proteins (LBTPs) facilitate the long-distance transport of hormones. It is assumed that proteins of this type raise the solubility of hydrophobic substances such as ABA and jasmonates in hydrophilic spaces, thereby enabling their movement in solution throughout the plant. This review collates evidence that LBTPs bind to cytokinins, ABA, and jasmonates and that cytokinins, ABA, and LBTPs are present in xylem and phloem sap and co-localize at sites of loading into vascular tissues and at sites of unloading from the phloem. The available evidence indicates a functional interaction between LBTPs and these hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzel Akhiyarova
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I Finkina
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of 10 Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Dmitriy Veselov
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Gulnara Vafina
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Ovchinnikova
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Guzel Kudoyarova
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 69, 450054 Ufa, Russia
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Pavlovič A, Koller J, Vrobel O, Chamrád I, Lenobel R, Tarkowski P. Is the co-option of jasmonate signalling for botanical carnivory a universal trait for all carnivorous plants? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:334-349. [PMID: 37708289 PMCID: PMC10735409 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The carnivorous plants in the order Caryophyllales co-opted jasmonate signalling from plant defence to botanical carnivory. However, carnivorous plants have at least 11 independent origins, and here we ask whether jasmonate signalling has been co-opted repeatedly in different evolutionary lineages. We experimentally wounded and fed the carnivorous plants Sarracenia purpurea (order Ericales), Cephalotus follicularis (order Oxalidales), Drosophyllum lusitanicum (order Caryophyllales), and measured electrical signals, phytohormone tissue level, and digestive enzymes activity. Coronatine was added exogenously to confirm the role of jasmonates in the induction of digestive process. Immunodetection of aspartic protease and proteomic analysis of digestive fluid was also performed. We found that prey capture induced accumulation of endogenous jasmonates only in D. lusitanicum, in accordance with increased enzyme activity after insect prey or coronatine application. In C. follicularis, the enzyme activity was constitutive while in S. purpurea was regulated by multiple factors. Several classes of digestive enzymes were identified in the digestive fluid of D. lusitanicum. Although carnivorous plants from different evolutionary lineages use the same digestive enzymes, the mechanism of their regulation differs. All investigated genera use jasmonates for their ancient role, defence, but jasmonate signalling has been co-opted for botanical carnivory only in some of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Pavlovič
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Koller
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vrobel
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Chamrád
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - René Lenobel
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tarkowski
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Desmedt W, Ameye M, Filipe O, De Waele E, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Deforce D, Van Meulebroek L, Vanhaecke L, Kyndt T, Höfte M, Audenaert K. Molecular analysis of broad-spectrum induced resistance in rice by the green leaf volatile Z-3-hexenyl acetate. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6804-6819. [PMID: 37624920 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Green leaf volatiles (GLVs), volatile organic compounds released by plants upon tissue damage, are key signaling molecules in plant immunity. The ability of exogenous GLV application to trigger an induced resistance (IR) phenotype against arthropod pests has been widely reported, but its effectiveness against plant pathogens is less well understood. In this study, we combined mRNA sequencing-based transcriptomics and phytohormone measurements with multispectral imaging-based precision phenotyping to gain insights into the molecular basis of Z-3-hexenyl acetate-induced resistance (Z-3-HAC-IR) in rice. Furthermore, we evaluated the efficacy of Z-3-HAC-IR against a panel of economically significant rice pathogens: Pyricularia oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, and Meloidogyne graminicola. Our data revealed rapid induction of jasmonate metabolism and systemic induction of plant immune responses upon Z-3-HAC exposure, as well as a transient allocation cost due to accelerated chlorophyll degradation and nutrient remobilization. Z-3-HAC-IR proved effective against all tested pathogens except for C. miyabeanus, including against the (hemi)biotrophs M. graminicola, X. oryzae pv. oryzae, and P. oryzae. The Z-3-HAC-IR phenotype was lost in the jasmonate (JA)-deficient hebiba mutant, which confirms the causal role of JA in Z-3-HAC-IR. Together, our results show that GLV exposure in rice induces broad-spectrum, JA-mediated disease resistance with limited allocation costs, and may thus be a promising alternative crop protection approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Desmedt
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Osvaldo Filipe
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien De Waele
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemse Steenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemse Steenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieven Van Meulebroek
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Epigenetics and Defence Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Chen Y, Liang S, Wang S, Li B, Wang K, Zhu Y, Yang R, Hao X, Yang Z, Shen Y, Jiang R, Li K. Repeated mechanical damage enhanced Aquilaria sinensis resistance to Heortia vitessoides through jasmonic acid. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1183002. [PMID: 37615021 PMCID: PMC10442551 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1183002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The leaf-chewing pest Heortia vitessoides severely threatens the growth and development of Aquilaria sinensis. In our previous study, we found that mechanical damage (MD) to stem enhanced A. sinensis sapling resistance to H. vitessoides larvae. Methods To reveal the defense mechanisms underlying this observation, we analyzed the types and contents of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), phytohormone contents, and expression of phytohormone-related genes in response to MD and herbivory wounding(HW). Results Here, we identified several VOCs, such as the pesticides fenobucarb and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, in mature leaf (ML) of MD-treated plants. Compared with salicylic acid (SA) or the ethylene (ET) pathway, jasmonic acid (JA) content and JA-related genes were more strongly upregulated. Interestingly, we found a dramatic difference between JA-related upstream and downstream genes expression in YL and ML, which confirmed that JA-Ile accumulation in MD-ML and HW-ML could be derived from local damaged site. Discussion Taken together, we provide evidence that the JA pathway plays a dominant role in the A. sinensis response to MD and HW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Xylophyta Spices Research Center of Engineering Technology, Illicium and Cinnamomum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghua Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Xylophyta Spices Research Center of Engineering Technology, Illicium and Cinnamomum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Baocai Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Xylophyta Spices Research Center of Engineering Technology, Illicium and Cinnamomum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Xylophyta Spices Research Center of Engineering Technology, Illicium and Cinnamomum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Yongjin Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Xylophyta Spices Research Center of Engineering Technology, Illicium and Cinnamomum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Risheng Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Xylophyta Spices Research Center of Engineering Technology, Illicium and Cinnamomum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Hao
- National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoying Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Xylophyta Spices Research Center of Engineering Technology, Illicium and Cinnamomum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Yingbai Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Xylophyta Spices Research Center of Engineering Technology, Illicium and Cinnamomum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Rihong Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Xylophyta Spices Research Center of Engineering Technology, Illicium and Cinnamomum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Kaixiang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Xylophyta Spices Research Center of Engineering Technology, Illicium and Cinnamomum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
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7
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Liang Y, Huang Y, Liu C, Chen K, Li M. Functions and interaction of plant lipid signalling under abiotic stresses. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:361-378. [PMID: 36719102 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are the primary form of energy storage and a major component of plasma membranes, which form the interface between the cell and the extracellular environment. Several lipids - including phosphoinositide, phosphatidic acid, sphingolipids, lysophospholipids, oxylipins, and free fatty acids - also serve as substrates for the generation of signalling molecules. Abiotic stresses, such as drought and temperature stress, are known to affect plant growth. In addition, abiotic stresses can activate certain lipid-dependent signalling pathways that control the expression of stress-responsive genes and contribute to plant stress adaptation. Many studies have focused either on the enzymatic production and metabolism of lipids, or on the mechanisms of abiotic stress response. However, there is little information regarding the roles of plant lipids in plant responses to abiotic stress. In this review, we describe the metabolism of plant lipids and discuss their involvement in plant responses to abiotic stress. As such, this review provides crucial background for further research on the interactions between plant lipids and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, College of Life Science, Guilin, China
| | - Y Huang
- Guilin University of Electronic Technology, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guilin, China
| | - C Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, College of Life Science, Guilin, China
| | - K Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhao J, Deng X, Qian J, Liu T, Ju M, Li J, Yang Q, Zhu X, Li W, Liu CJ, Jin Z, Zhang K. Arabidopsis ABCG14 forms a homodimeric transporter for multiple cytokinins and mediates long-distance transport of isopentenyladenine-type cytokinins. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100468. [PMID: 36307987 PMCID: PMC10030318 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs), primarily trans-zeatin (tZ) and isopentenyladenine (iP) types, play critical roles in plant growth, development, and various stress responses. Long-distance transport of tZ-type CKs meidated by Arabidopsis ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily G14 (AtABCG14) has been well studied; however, less is known about the biochemical properties of AtABCG14 and its transporter activity toward iP-type CKs. Here we reveal the biochemical properties of AtABCG14 and provide evidence that it is also required for long-distance transport of iP-type CKs. AtABCG14 formed homodimers in human (Homo sapiens) HEK293T, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and Arabidopsis cells. Transporter activity assays of AtABCG14 in Arabidopsis, tobacco, and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) showed that AtABCG14 may directly transport multiple CKs, including iP- and tZ-type species. AtABCG14 expression was induced by iP in a tZ-type CK-deficient double mutant (cypDM) of CYP735A1 and CYP735A2. The atabcg14 cypDM triple mutant exhibited stronger CK-deficiency phenotypes than cypDM. Hormone profiling, reciprocal grafting, and 2H6-iP isotope tracer experiments showed that root-to-shoot and shoot-to-root long-distance transport of iP-type CKs were suppressed in atabcg14 cypDM and atabcg14. These results suggest that AtABCG14 participates in three steps of the circular long-distance transport of iP-type CKs: xylem loading in the root for shootward transport, phloem unloading in the shoot for shoot distribution, and phloem unloading in the root for root distribution. We found that AtABCG14 displays transporter activity toward multiple CK species and revealed its versatile roles in circular long-distance transport of iP-type CKs. These findings provide new insights into the transport mechanisms of CKs and other plant hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhe Zhao
- Institute of Plant Stress Adaptation and Genetic Enhancement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Deng
- Institute of Plant Stress Adaptation and Genetic Enhancement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P.R. China
| | - Jiayun Qian
- Institute of Plant Stress Adaptation and Genetic Enhancement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P.R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- Institute of Plant Stress Adaptation and Genetic Enhancement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P.R. China
| | - Min Ju
- Institute of Plant Stress Adaptation and Genetic Enhancement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Plant Stress Adaptation and Genetic Enhancement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P.R. China
| | - Qin Yang
- Institute of Plant Stress Adaptation and Genetic Enhancement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxian Zhu
- Institute of Plant Stress Adaptation and Genetic Enhancement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P.R. China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 4888 Shengbei Street, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Chang-Jun Liu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Zhigang Jin
- Institute of Plant Stress Adaptation and Genetic Enhancement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P.R. China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Institute of Plant Stress Adaptation and Genetic Enhancement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P.R. China.
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Integration of Electrical Signals and Phytohormones in the Control of Systemic Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010847. [PMID: 36614284 PMCID: PMC9821543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to environmental stresses. Local stimuli sensed by one part of a plant are translated into long-distance signals that can influence the activities in distant tissues. Changes in levels of phytohormones in distant parts of the plant occur in response to various local stimuli. The regulation of hormone levels can be mediated by long-distance electrical signals, which are also induced by local stimulation. We consider the crosstalk between electrical signals and phytohormones and identify interaction points, as well as provide insights into the integration nodes that involve changes in pH, Ca2+ and ROS levels. This review also provides an overview of our current knowledge of how electrical signals and hormones work together to induce a systemic response.
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10
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Wang Y, Yu D, Zhao H, Jiang L, Gao L, Song Y, Liu Z, bao F, Hou C, He Y, Ju C, Li L, Kong D. A glutamate receptor-like gene is involved in ABA-mediated growth control in Physcomitrium ( Physcomitrella) patens. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2145057. [PMID: 36403161 PMCID: PMC9677993 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2145057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant glutamate receptor homologs (GLRs), which function as key calcium channels, play pivotal roles in various developmental processes as well as stress responses. The moss Physcomitrium patens, a representative of the earliest land plant lineage, possess multiple pathways of hormone signaling for coordinating growth and adaptation responses. However, it is not clear whether GLRs are connected to hormone-mediated growth control in the moss. In this study, we report that one of the two GLRs in P. patens, PpGLR1, involves in abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated growth regulation. ABA represses the growth of wild-type moss, and intriguingly, the PpGLR1 transcript levels are significantly increased in response to ABA treatment, based on both gene expression and the PpGLR1pro::GUS reporter results. Furthermore, the growth of Ppglr1 knockout moss mutants is hypersensitive to ABA treatment. These results suggest that PpGLR1 plays a critical role in ABA-mediated growth regulation, which provide useful information for our further investigation of the regulatory mechanism between Ca2+ signal and ABA in moss growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing Municipal Government, and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing Municipal Government, and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing Municipal Government, and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lanlan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing Municipal Government, and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing Municipal Government, and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing Municipal Government, and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zebin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing Municipal Government, and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang bao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing Municipal Government, and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing Municipal Government, and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yikun He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing Municipal Government, and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanli Ju
- Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing Municipal Government, and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Legong Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing Municipal Government, and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing Municipal Government, and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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11
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Abstract
Water-use efficiency (WUE) is the ratio of biomass produced per unit of water consumed; thus, it can be altered by genetic factors that affect either side of the ratio. In the present study, we exploited natural variation for WUE to discover loci affecting either biomass accumulation or water use as factors affecting WUE. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using integrated WUE measured through carbon isotope discrimination (δ13C) of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions identified genomic regions associated with WUE. Reverse genetic analysis of 70 candidate genes selected based on the GWAS results and transcriptome data identified 25 genes affecting WUE as measured by gravimetric and δ13C analyses. Mutants of four genes had higher WUE than wild type, while mutants of the other 21 genes had lower WUE. The differences in WUE were caused by either altered biomass or water consumption (or both). Stomatal density (SD) was not a primary cause of altered WUE in these mutants. Leaf surface temperatures indicated that transpiration differed for mutants of 16 genes, but generally biomass accumulation had a greater effect on WUE. The genes we identified are involved in diverse cellular processes, including hormone and calcium signaling, meristematic activity, photosynthesis, flowering time, leaf/vasculature development, and cell wall composition; however, none of them had been previously linked to WUE. Thus, our study successfully identified effectors of WUE that can be used to understand the genetic basis of WUE and improve crop productivity.
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12
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Kloth KJ, Dicke M. Rapid systemic responses to herbivory. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 68:102242. [PMID: 35696775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid systemic signals travel within the first seconds and minutes after herbivore infestation to mount defense responses in distal tissues. Recent studies have revealed that wound-induced hydraulic pressure changes play an important role in systemic electrical signaling and subsequent calcium and reactive oxygen species waves. These insights raise new questions about signal specificity, the role of insect feeding guild and feeding style and the impact on longer term plant defenses. Here, we integrate the current molecular understanding of wound-induced rapid systemic signaling in the framework of insect-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Kloth
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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13
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Xu G, Moeder W, Yoshioka K, Shan L. A tale of many families: calcium channels in plant immunity. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1551-1567. [PMID: 35134212 PMCID: PMC9048905 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants launch a concerted immune response to dampen potential infections upon sensing microbial pathogen and insect invasions. The transient and rapid elevation of the cytosolic calcium concentration [Ca2+]cyt is among the essential early cellular responses in plant immunity. The free Ca2+ concentration in the apoplast is far higher than that in the resting cytoplasm. Thus, the precise regulation of calcium channel activities upon infection is the key for an immediate and dynamic Ca2+ influx to trigger downstream signaling. Specific Ca2+ signatures in different branches of the plant immune system vary in timing, amplitude, duration, kinetics, and sources of Ca2+. Recent breakthroughs in the studies of diverse groups of classical calcium channels highlight the instrumental role of Ca2+ homeostasis in plant immunity and cell survival. Additionally, the identification of some immune receptors as noncanonical Ca2+-permeable channels opens a new view of how immune receptors initiate cell death and signaling. This review aims to provide an overview of different Ca2+-conducting channels in plant immunity and highlight their molecular and genetic mode-of-actions in facilitating immune signaling. We also discuss the regulatory mechanisms that control the stability and activity of these channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Xu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wolfgang Moeder
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2
| | - Keiko Yoshioka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function (CAGEF), University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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14
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Jakšová J, Rác M, Bokor B, Petřík I, Novák O, Reichelt M, Mithöfer A, Pavlovič A. Anaesthetic diethyl ether impairs long-distance electrical and jasmonate signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:311-321. [PMID: 34826706 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
General volatile anaesthetics (GVA) inhibit electrical signal propagation in animal neurons. Although plants do not have neurons, they generate and propagate electrical signals systemically from a local damaged leaf to neighbouring leaves. This systemic electrical signal propagation is mediated by ligand-gated glutamate receptor-like (GLR) channels. Here, we investigated the effect of GVA diethyl ether on the systemic electrical and further downstream responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. We monitored electrical signals, cytoplasmic Ca2+ level ([Ca2+]cyt), ultra-weak photon emission, amino acid contents, phytohormone response as well as gene expression in response to heat wounding during diethyl ether anaesthesia. We found complete suppression of electrical and [Ca2+]cyt signal propagation from damaged leaf to neighbouring systemic leaves upon diethyl ether treatment. Concomitantly, jasmonates (JAs) did not accumulate and expression of JA-responsive genes (AOS, OPR3, JAZ10) was not detected in systemic leaves. However local damaged leaves still showed increased [Ca2+]cyt and accumulated high level of JAs and JA-inducible transcripts. An exogenously added GLR ligand, L-glutamate, was not able to trigger Ca2+ wave in etherized plants indicating that GLRs are targeted by diethyl ether, but not specifically. The fact that GVA inhibit electrical signal propagation not only in animals but also in plants is intriguing. However, the cellular response is completely blocked only in systemic leaves; the local damaged leaf still senses damaging stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jakšová
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Rác
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Bokor
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina B2, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia; Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 8, SK-841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Petřík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrej Pavlovič
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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15
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The Glutamate Receptor Plays a Role in Defense against Botrytis cinerea through Electrical Signaling in Tomato. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112311217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant glutamate-like receptor genes (GLRs) are homologous to mammalian ionotropic glutamate receptors genes (iGluRs). Although GLRs have been implicated in plant defenses to biotic stress, the relationship between GLR-mediated plant immunity against fungal pathogens and electrical signals remains poorly understood. Here, we found that pretreatment with a GLR inhibitor, 6,7-dinitriquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), increased the susceptibility of tomato plants to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Assessment of the glr3.3, glr3.5 and glr3.3/glr3.5 double-mutants upon B. cinerea infection showed that tomato GLR3.3 and GLR3.5 are essential for plant immunity against B. cinerea, wherein GLR3.3 plays the main role. Analysis of the membrane potential changes induced by glutamate (Glu) or glycine (Gly) revealed that amplitude was significantly reduced by knocking out GLR3.3 in tomato. While treatment with Glu or Gly significantly increased immunity against B. cinerea in wild-type plants, this effect was significantly attenuated in glr3.3 mutants. Thus, our data demonstrate that GLR3.3- and GLR3.5-mediated plant immunity against B. cinerea is associated with electrical signals in tomato plants.
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16
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Anfang M, Shani E. Transport mechanisms of plant hormones. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:102055. [PMID: 34102450 PMCID: PMC7615258 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth, development, and response to the environment are mediated by a group of small signaling molecules named hormones. Plants regulate hormone response pathways at multiple levels, including biosynthesis, metabolism, perception, and signaling. In addition, plants exhibit the unique ability to spatially control hormone distribution. In recent years, multiple transporters have been identified for most of the plant hormones. Here we present an updated snapshot of the known transporters for the hormones abscisic acid, auxin, brassinosteroid, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and strigolactone. We also describe new findings regarding hormone movement and elaborate on hormone substrate specificity and possible genetic redundancy in hormone transport and distribution. Finally, we discuss subcellular, cell-to-cell, and long-distance hormone movement and local hormone sinks that trigger or prevent hormone-mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Anfang
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Eilon Shani
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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17
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Li M, Yu G, Cao C, Liu P. Metabolism, signaling, and transport of jasmonates. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100231. [PMID: 34746762 PMCID: PMC8555440 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis/metabolism, perception/signaling, and transport are three essential aspects of the actions of phytohormones. Jasmonates (JAs), including jasmonic acid (JA) and related oxylipins, are implicated in the regulation of a range of ecological interactions, as well as developmental programs to integrate these interactions. Jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is the most bioactive JAs, and perception of JA-Ile by its coreceptor, the Skp1-Cullin1-F-box-type (SCF) protein ubiquitin ligase complex SCFCOI1-JAZ, in the nucleus derepresses the transcriptional repression of target genes. The biosynthesis and metabolism of JAs occur in the plastid, peroxisome, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, and vacuole, whereas sensing of JA-Ile levels occurs in the nucleus. It is increasingly apparent that a number of transporters, particularly members of the jasmonates transporter (JAT) family, located at endomembranes as well as the plasma membrane, constitute a network for modulating and coordinating the metabolic flux and signaling of JAs. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the metabolism, signaling, and especially the transport of JAs, focusing on intracellular compartmentation of these processes. The roles of transporter-mediated cell-cell transport in driving long-distance transport and signaling of JAs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Yu
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Congli Cao
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Corresponding author
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18
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Adamec L, Matušíková I, Pavlovič A. Recent ecophysiological, biochemical and evolutional insights into plant carnivory. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:241-259. [PMID: 34111238 PMCID: PMC8389183 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnivorous plants are an ecological group of approx. 810 vascular species which capture and digest animal prey, absorb prey-derived nutrients and utilize them to enhance their growth and development. Extant carnivorous plants have evolved in at least ten independent lineages, and their adaptive traits represent an example of structural and functional convergence. Plant carnivory is a result of complex adaptations to mostly nutrient-poor, wet and sunny habitats when the benefits of carnivory exceed the costs. With a boost in interest and extensive research in recent years, many aspects of these adaptations have been clarified (at least partly), but many remain unknown. SCOPE We provide some of the most recent insights into substantial ecophysiological, biochemical and evolutional particulars of plant carnivory from the functional viewpoint. We focus on those processes and traits in carnivorous plants associated with their ecological characterization, mineral nutrition, cost-benefit relationships, functioning of digestive enzymes and regulation of the hunting cycle in traps. We elucidate mechanisms by which uptake of prey-derived nutrients leads to stimulation of photosynthesis and root nutrient uptake. CONCLUSIONS Utilization of prey-derived mineral (mainly N and P) and organic nutrients is highly beneficial for plants and increases the photosynthetic rate in leaves as a prerequisite for faster plant growth. Whole-genome and tandem gene duplications brought gene material for diversification into carnivorous functions and enabled recruitment of defence-related genes. Possible mechanisms for the evolution of digestive enzymes are summarized, and a comprehensive picture on the biochemistry and regulation of prey decomposition and prey-derived nutrient uptake is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomír Adamec
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Ildikó Matušíková
- University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Department of Ecochemistry and Radioecology, J. Herdu 2, SK-917 01 Trnava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Pavlovič
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- For correspondence. E-mail
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19
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Wang Y, Mostafa S, Zeng W, Jin B. Function and Mechanism of Jasmonic Acid in Plant Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8568. [PMID: 34445272 PMCID: PMC8395333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants must tolerate various environmental stresses. Plant hormones play vital roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Among these hormones, jasmonic acid (JA) and its precursors and derivatives (jasmonates, JAs) play important roles in the mediation of plant responses and defenses to biotic and abiotic stresses and have received extensive research attention. Although some reviews of JAs are available, this review focuses on JAs in the regulation of plant stress responses, as well as JA synthesis, metabolism, and signaling pathways. We summarize recent progress in clarifying the functions and mechanisms of JAs in plant responses to abiotic stresses (drought, cold, salt, heat, and heavy metal toxicity) and biotic stresses (pathogen, insect, and herbivore). Meanwhile, the crosstalk of JA with various other plant hormones regulates the balance between plant growth and defense. Therefore, we review the crosstalk of JAs with other phytohormones, including auxin, gibberellic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroid, ethylene, and abscisic acid. Finally, we discuss current issues and future opportunities in research into JAs in plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Biao Jin
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (S.M.); (W.Z.)
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20
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Wang P, Mormile B, He P. A 'GLoRy' Battle for Cotton against Fusarium. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:671-673. [PMID: 33975752 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate receptor-like (GLR) proteins are ligand-gated ion channels regulating various plant physiology. They function as calcium channels in plant immunity and mediate long-distance defense to herbivores. A recent study by Liu et al. identified a cotton GLR as a noncanonical resistance protein to Fusarium wilt, expanding the paradigm of GLR functions in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Brendan Mormile
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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21
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Qi X, Gu P, Shan X. Current progress of PM-localized protein functions in jasmonate pathway. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1906573. [PMID: 33818272 PMCID: PMC8143263 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1906573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonate (JA), a class of lipid-derived phytohormone, regulates diverse developmental processes and responses to abiotic or biotic stresses. The biosynthesis and signaling of JA mainly occur in various organelles, except for the plasma membrane (PM). Recently, several PM proteins have been reported to be associated with the JA pathway. This mini-review summarized the recent progress on the functional role of PM-localized proteins involved in JA transportation, JA-related defense responses, and JA-regulated endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Qi
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Gu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Shan
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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22
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Li M, Yu G, Ma J, Liu P. Interactions of importers in long-distance transmission of wound-induced jasmonate. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1886490. [PMID: 33576701 PMCID: PMC7971279 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1886490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mobile wound signals transmitted from local damaged to distal undamaged sites induce upsurge of jasmonic acid (JA) and activation of core JA signaling, priming the whole plant for broad-spectrum resistance/immunity against future challenges. We recently characterized two jasmonate importers AtJAT3 and AtJAT4 in Arabidopsis thaliana jasmonate transporter (JAT) family that cooperatively regulate the transmission of JA from leaf-to-leaf in this wound-induced systemic response/resistance (WSR). As half-molecule ATP-binding cassette transporters, AtJAT3 and AtJAT4 need to form homodimers or/and heterodimer to function. Here we show interactions in AtJAT3-AtJAT3, AtJAT3-AtJAT4, and AtJAT4-AtJAT4 pairs by both yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescent complementation assays. Furthermore, we propose a model in which the homo-/hetero-dimers of AtJAT3/AtJAT4 mediated cell-cell transport of JA drives long-distance transmission of JA signal in a self-propagation mode and give perspectives on future works to reinforce this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Yu
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- CONTACT Pei Liu Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, P. R. China
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23
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Oelmüller R. Threat at One End of the Plant: What Travels to Inform the Other Parts? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3152. [PMID: 33808792 PMCID: PMC8003533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation and response to environmental changes require dynamic and fast information distribution within the plant body. If one part of a plant is exposed to stress, attacked by other organisms or exposed to any other kind of threat, the information travels to neighboring organs and even neighboring plants and activates appropriate responses. The information flow is mediated by fast-traveling small metabolites, hormones, proteins/peptides, RNAs or volatiles. Electric and hydraulic waves also participate in signal propagation. The signaling molecules move from one cell to the neighboring cell, via the plasmodesmata, through the apoplast, within the vascular tissue or-as volatiles-through the air. A threat-specific response in a systemic tissue probably requires a combination of different traveling compounds. The propagating signals must travel over long distances and multiple barriers, and the signal intensity declines with increasing distance. This requires permanent amplification processes, feedback loops and cross-talks among the different traveling molecules and probably a short-term memory, to refresh the propagation process. Recent studies show that volatiles activate defense responses in systemic tissues but also play important roles in the maintenance of the propagation of traveling signals within the plant. The distal organs can respond immediately to the systemic signals or memorize the threat information and respond faster and stronger when they are exposed again to the same or even another threat. Transmission and storage of information is accompanied by loss of specificity about the threat that activated the process. I summarize our knowledge about the proposed long-distance traveling compounds and discuss their possible connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Liu H, Timko MP. Jasmonic Acid Signaling and Molecular Crosstalk with Other Phytohormones. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062914. [PMID: 33805647 PMCID: PMC8000993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants continually monitor their innate developmental status and external environment and make adjustments to balance growth, differentiation and stress responses using a complex and highly interconnected regulatory network composed of various signaling molecules and regulatory proteins. Phytohormones are an essential group of signaling molecules that work through a variety of different pathways conferring plasticity to adapt to the everchanging developmental and environmental cues. Of these, jasmonic acid (JA), a lipid-derived molecule, plays an essential function in controlling many different plant developmental and stress responses. In the past decades, significant progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie JA metabolism, perception, signal transduction and its crosstalk with other phytohormone signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the JA signaling pathways starting from its biosynthesis to JA-responsive gene expression, highlighting recent advances made in defining the key transcription factors and transcriptional regulatory proteins involved. We also discuss the nature and degree of crosstalk between JA and other phytohormone signaling pathways, highlighting recent breakthroughs that broaden our knowledge of the molecular bases underlying JA-regulated processes during plant development and biotic stress responses.
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Mielke S, Zimmer M, Meena MK, Dreos R, Stellmach H, Hause B, Voiniciuc C, Gasperini D. Jasmonate biosynthesis arising from altered cell walls is prompted by turgor-driven mechanical compression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/7/eabf0356. [PMID: 33568489 PMCID: PMC7875531 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the vital roles of jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) in governing plant growth and environmental acclimation, it remains unclear what intracellular processes lead to its induction. Here, we provide compelling genetic evidence that mechanical and osmotic regulation of turgor pressure represents a key elicitor of JA-Ile biosynthesis. After identifying cell wall mutant alleles in KORRIGAN1 (KOR1) with elevated JA-Ile in seedling roots, we found that ectopic JA-Ile resulted from cell nonautonomous signals deriving from enlarged cortex cells compressing inner tissues and stimulating JA-Ile production. Restoring cortex cell size by cell type-specific KOR1 complementation, by isolating a genetic kor1 suppressor, and by lowering turgor pressure with hyperosmotic treatments abolished JA-Ile signaling. Conversely, hypoosmotic treatment activated JA-Ile signaling in wild-type plants. Furthermore, constitutive JA-Ile levels guided mutant roots toward greater water availability. Collectively, these findings enhance our understanding on JA-Ile biosynthesis initiation and reveal a previously undescribed role of JA-Ile in orchestrating environmental resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mielke
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marlene Zimmer
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mukesh Kumar Meena
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - René Dreos
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hagen Stellmach
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bettina Hause
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Cătălin Voiniciuc
- Independent Junior Research Group-Designer Glycans, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Debora Gasperini
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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