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Abayalath N, Malshani I, Ariyaratne R, Zhao S, Zhong G, Zhang G, Manipura A, Siribaddana A, Karunaratne P, Kodithuwakku SP. Characterization of airborne PAHs and metals associated with PM10 fractions collected from an urban area of Sri Lanka and the impact on airway epithelial cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131741. [PMID: 34358888 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter (PM), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HMs) are significant contributors leading to many human health issues. Thus, this study was designed to perform chemical analysis and biological impact of airborne particulate matter 10 (PM10) in the World heritage City of Kandy City in Sri Lanka. 12 priority PAHs and 34 metals, including 10 highly toxic HMs were quantified. The biological effects of organic extracts were assayed using an in vitro primary porcine airway epithelial cell culture model. Cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and gene expressions of selected inflammatory and cancer-related genes were also assessed. Results showed that the total PAHs ranged from 3.062 to 36.887 ng/m3. The metals were dominated by Na > Ca > Mg > Al > K > Fe > Ti, while a few toxic HMs were much higher in the air than the existing ambient air quality standards. In the bioassays, a significant cytotoxicity (p < 0.05) was observed at 300 μg/mL treatment, and significant (p < 0.05) DNA damages were noted in all treatment groups. All genes assessed were found to be significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05) after 24 h of exposure and after 48 h, only TGF-β1 and p53 did not significantly up-regulate (p < 0.05). These findings confirm that the Kandy city air contains potential carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds and thus, exposure to Kandy air may increase the health risks and respiratory tract-related anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirodha Abayalath
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Indeepa Malshani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ruhuna, Galle, 80000, Sri Lanka
| | - Rajitha Ariyaratne
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry (SKLOG), Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry (GIG), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Guangcai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry (SKLOG), Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry (GIG), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry (SKLOG), Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry (GIG), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Aruna Manipura
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Parakrama Karunaratne
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Suranga P Kodithuwakku
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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Zani C, Donato F, Ceretti E, Pedrazzani R, Zerbini I, Gelatti U, Feretti D. Genotoxic Activity of Particulate Matter and In Vivo Tests in Children Exposed to Air Pollution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105345. [PMID: 34067860 PMCID: PMC8156021 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between micronuclei and DNA damage in children's buccal mucosa cells and the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of the different sized fractions of particulate matter as well as the concentration of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and metals in particulate matter. Air particulate matter was collected by high volume samplers located near the schools attended by the children on the same days of biological samplings. The mutagenic activity was assessed in different cells in in vitro tests (Ames test on bacteria and comet test on leukocytes). Our study showed weak positive correlations between (a) the mutagenicity of the PM0.5 fraction and PAHs and (b) the micronuclei test of children's buccal cells and PAHs detected in PM0.5 and PM0.5-3 fractions. A positive correlation was also found between in vitro comet test on leukocytes and PAHs in the PM3-10 fraction. No correlation was observed for metal concentrations in each PM fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Zani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 11 Viale Europa, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (C.Z.); (E.C.); (I.Z.); (U.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Francesco Donato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 11 Viale Europa, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (C.Z.); (E.C.); (I.Z.); (U.G.); (D.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-030-3717689
| | - Elisabetta Ceretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 11 Viale Europa, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (C.Z.); (E.C.); (I.Z.); (U.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Roberta Pedrazzani
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, 38 via Branze, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Zerbini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 11 Viale Europa, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (C.Z.); (E.C.); (I.Z.); (U.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Umberto Gelatti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 11 Viale Europa, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (C.Z.); (E.C.); (I.Z.); (U.G.); (D.F.)
| | - Donatella Feretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 11 Viale Europa, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (C.Z.); (E.C.); (I.Z.); (U.G.); (D.F.)
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Salivary leucocytes as suitable biomatrix for the comet assay in human biomonitoring studies. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2179-2187. [PMID: 33787950 PMCID: PMC8009925 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) have been traditionally used to investigate DNA damage by the comet assay in population studies, but validating alternative non-invasive samples would expand the application of this assay in human biomonitoring. The objectives of this study were (i) to test the validity of salivary leucocytes as a proper biomatrix for the comet assay, (ii) to evaluate the ability of this approach to detect different types of primary and oxidative DNA damage, and (iii) to determine whether frozen salivary leucocytes are still suitable for displaying those types of DNA damage. Fresh and frozen leucocytes isolated from saliva samples (six healthy non-smoking volunteers), were exposed to four genotoxic agents inducing different types of DNA damage, both primary (methyl methanesulfonate, actinomycin-D, ultraviolet radiation) and oxidative (potassium bromate), and standard or enzyme-modified comet assay was conducted. Results were compared with those obtained from PBL. Cells exposed to the four genotoxic agents showed dose-dependent increases of primary and oxidative DNA damage, demonstrating the suitability of all these samples to detect genetic damage from different origin. When comparing baseline levels of DNA damage, just a slight significant increase in primary DNA damage was observed in frozen salivary leucocytes regarding the other biomatrices, but similar results were obtained regarding sensitivity to DNA damage induction by all agents tested. This study demonstrates that salivary leucocytes can be employed in comet assay as an alternative or complement to blood samples. Frozen salivary leucocytes were proved to be a very convenient sample in large biomonitoring studies.
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Cortés-Gutiérrez EI, Garza Molina JG, Dávila-Rodríguez MI, Zapata Benavides P, Faz Eguía JM, Cerda-Flores RM. DBD-FISH, an effective marker for detecting genotoxicity in buccal mucosa exfoliated cells of patients with oral cancer. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:343-348. [PMID: 33297797 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1862379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by increased genetic instability as an essential variable of event of neoplastic transformation. The aim of this study was to evaluate genomic instability in exfoliated cells from the buccal mucosa of patients with OSCC vs. the control group, using DNA Breakage Detection/Fluorescence In Situ hybridization (DBD-FISH). Exfoliated cells from the buccal mucosa were obtained from 38 patients with oral cancer (case group) and from 10 individuals without oral lesions (control group). DNA damage was evaluated by DBD-FISH using the whole-genome DNA probe and digital imaging analysis. Collaterally, HPV infection was determined utilizing the INNO-LiPA HPV kit. Patients with OSCC showed an increase in the hybridization signal five times more intense than that of the baseline level of DNA damage detected in control individuals. The best cutoff value for predicting oral squamous cell carcinoma was 67.46, and an Odds Ratio (OR) value of 87. HPV detection analysis revealed than one patient with OSCC (2.6%) was positive for HPV. All controls were negative HPV. In conclusion, DBD-FISH permitted the clear visualization of level high of DNA damage in the buccal epithelial cells of patients with OSSC respect to control group. Chromosome instability in oral mucosa may be an individual marker of malignant transformation in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge G Garza Molina
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | | | | | - José M Faz Eguía
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Medical Unit of Specialty High No. 25 (UMAE-25), Monterrey, México
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B-Comet Assay (Comet Assay on Buccal Cells) for the Evaluation of Primary DNA Damage in Human Biomonitoring Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249234. [PMID: 33321868 PMCID: PMC7763633 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many subjects perceive venous blood collection as too invasive, and thus moving to better-accepted procedures for leukocytes collection might be crucial in human biomonitoring studies (e.g., biomonitoring of occupational or residential exposure to genotoxins) management. In this context, primary DNA damage was assessed in buccal lymphocytes (BLs), fresh whole venous, and capillary blood leukocytes, and compared with that in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs)—the most frequently used cells—in 15 young subjects. Mouthwashes were collected after the volunteers rinsed their mouths with normal saline, and BLs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture or by lancet. Anthropometric and lifestyle information was obtained by the administration of a structured questionnaire. As shown in the Bland-Altman plots, the level of agreement between BLs and PBLs lied within the accepted range, we thus enrolled a wider population (n = 54) to assess baseline DNA damage in BLs. In these cells, mean values of tail length (µm), tail intensity (%), and tail moment were 25.7 ± 0.9, 6.7 ± 0.4 and 1.0 ± 0.1, respectively. No significant association was observed between sex and smoking habit with any of the DNA damage parameters. Conversely, underweight subjects displayed significantly higher genomic instability compared with normal weight group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we successfully managed to set up and update a non-invasive and well-accepted procedure for the isolation of BLs from saliva that could be useful in upcoming biomonitoring studies.
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Proshkina E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4484. [PMID: 32599754 PMCID: PMC7350017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes: 1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; 2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; 3) improving DNA damage response and repair; 4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Zani C, Ceretti E, Zerbini I, Viola GCV, Donato F, Gelatti U, Feretti D. Comet Test in Saliva Leukocytes of Pre-School Children Exposed to Air Pollution in North Italy: The Respira Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3276. [PMID: 32397090 PMCID: PMC7246791 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a well-known problem for human health, especially for children living in highly polluted urban areas. This study aimed to assess the relationship between airborne pollutants concentration and biomarkers of DNA damage in the buccal mucosa cells of pre-school children. DNA damage was investigated with comet test in saliva leukocytes taken from sputum of 3- to 6-year-old children living in Brescia, Northern Italy, collected during two consecutive winter seasons (2012-2013). The daily levels of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, CO, SO2, benzene and O3 in urban air were collected for the whole period. A questionnaire filled in by the children's parents was used to evaluate indoor and outdoor exposure. DNA damage in saliva leukocytes was evaluated in 152 children and the means of tail intensity and visual score as DNA damage were 6.2 ± 4.3 and 182.1 ± 30.9, respectively. No demographic and indoor or outdoor exposure variable was associated with the two measures of DNA damage. No significant association between air pollution and DNA damage in children's buccal leukocytes was found. In this study, the comet assay does not appear to be a valuable biomarker to detect DNA damage in children exposed to high levels of air pollutants, such as PM10, PM2.5 and NO2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Donatella Feretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 11 Viale Europa, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (C.Z.); (E.C.); (I.Z.); (G.C.V.V.); (F.D.); (U.G.)
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Application of the comet assay in human biomonitoring: An hCOMET perspective. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 783:108288. [PMID: 32192646 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.108288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay is a well-accepted biomonitoring tool to examine the effect of dietary, lifestyle, environmental and occupational exposure on levels of DNA damage in human cells. With such a wide range of determinants for DNA damage levels, it becomes challenging to deal with confounding and certain factors are inter-related (e.g. poor nutritional intake may correlate with smoking status). This review describes the effect of intrinsic (i.e. sex, age, tobacco smoking, occupational exposure and obesity) and extrinsic (season, environmental exposures, diet, physical activity and alcohol consumption) factors on the level of DNA damage measured by the standard or enzyme-modified comet assay. Although each factor influences at least one comet assay endpoint, the collective evidence does not indicate single factors have a large impact. Thus, controlling for confounding may be necessary in a biomonitoring study, but none of the factors is strong enough to be regarded a priori as a confounder. Controlling for confounding in the comet assay requires a case-by-case approach. Inter-laboratory variation in levels of DNA damage and to some extent also reproducibility in biomonitoring studies are issues that have haunted the users of the comet assay for years. Procedures to collect specimens, and their storage, are not standardized. Likewise, statistical issues related to both sample-size calculation (before sampling of specimens) and statistical analysis of the results vary between studies. This review gives guidance to statistical analysis of the typically complex exposure, co-variate, and effect relationships in human biomonitoring studies.
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Lachance JC, Radhakrishnan S, Madiwale G, Guerrier S, Vanamala JKP. Targeting hallmarks of cancer with a food-system-based approach. Nutrition 2019; 69:110563. [PMID: 31622909 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although extensive resources are dedicated to the development and study of cancer drugs, the cancer burden is expected to rise by about 70% over the next 2 decade. This highlights a critical need to develop effective, evidence-based strategies for countering the global rise in cancer incidence. Except in high-risk populations, cancer drugs are not generally suitable for use in cancer prevention owing to potential side effects and substantial monetary costs (Sporn, 2011). There is overwhelming epidemiological and experimental evidence that the dietary bioactive compounds found in whole plant-based foods have significant anticancer and chemopreventative properties. These bioactive compounds often exert pleiotropic effects and act synergistically to simultaneously target multiple pathways of cancer. Common bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables include carotenoids, glucosinolates, and polyphenols. These compounds have been shown to target multiple hallmarks of cancer in vitro and in vivo and potentially to address the diversity and heterogeneity of certain cancers. Although many studies have been conducted over the past 30 y, the scientific community has still not reached a consensus on exactly how the benefit of bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables can be best harnessed to help reduce the risk for cancer. Different stages of the food processing system, from "farm-to-fork," can affect the retention of bioactive compounds and thus the chemopreventative properties of whole foods, and there are opportunities to improve handling of foods throughout the stages in order to best retain their chemopreventative properties. Potential target stages include, but are not limited to, pre- and postharvest management, storage, processing, and consumer practices. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive food-system-based approach that not only taking into account the effects of the food system on anticancer activity of whole foods, but also exploring solutions for consumers, policymakers, processors, and producers. Improved knowledge about this area of the food system can help us adjust farm-to-fork operations in order to consistently and predictably deliver desired bioactive compounds, thus better utilizing them as invaluable chemopreventative tools in the fight to reduce the growing burden of cancer worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Lachance
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sridhar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Research Diets, Inc., New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Stéphane Guerrier
- Geneva School of Economics and Management & Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jairam K P Vanamala
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; The Pennsylvania State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Physical principles and new applications of comet assay. Biophys Chem 2018; 238:1-7. [PMID: 29704770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay is a sensitive method to assess DNA damages in single cells. The approach consists of an analysis of electrophoretic migration of DNA from nucleoids obtained after cell lysis in a thin layer of agarose. Although the method is widely used the physical mechanisms of DNA track formation remained to be rather elusive for a long time. This review is devoted to our recent results pertaining to this subject, using an original approach based on the kinetic measurements of the comet formation. We argue that linear DNA fragments give an essential contribution into the tail formation in the alkaline conditions and, at neutral pH, when the level of DNA damages is very high. On the other hand, in the neutral comet assay at low levels of DNA damages (and also in the case of undamaged cells) the tail is formed by extended DNA loops. These loops are about the same as chromatin loops in the cell nuclei. Kinetic measurements in the comet assay give an opportunity to investigate the topology of the loops and large-scale features of the loop domain organization (and re-organization) in nucleoids obtained from different cell types.
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Nersesyan A, Hoelzl C, Ferk F, Mišík M, Al-Serori H, Setayesh T, Knasmueller S. Use of Single-cell Gel Electrophoresis Assays in Dietary Intervention Trials. THE COMET ASSAY IN TOXICOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782622895-00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) technique has been frequently used to investigate the impact of consumption of complex foods and individual constituents on DNA stability in humans. Since no division or cultivation of the indicator cells (in most studies lymphocytes) is required, this approach is less costly and time consuming than cytogenetic methods. Apart from single- and double-stand breaks and apurinic sites, which can be detected under standard conditions, it is also possible to assess the formation of oxidized DNA bases and alterations of DNA repair as well as protection of the DNA against chemical carcinogens. In total, 93 studies have been published since the first use of the Comet assay in this field in 1997. The results which emerged from these studies show that human foods contain specific highly protective components (e.g. gallic acid, xanthohumol, isoflavones); promising results were also obtained with beverages (coffee and other drinks), while mixed diets with vegetables and fruits conferred no or moderate protection; however, individual plant foods (e.g. kiwis and specific cruciferous vegetables) were highly protective. It is notable that prevention of DNA damage was rarely detected under standard conditions while evidence for reduced formation of oxidized DNA bases was found in approximately 30% of the trials. In some investigations it was possible to identify the modes of action by which specific compounds prevented damage of the genetic material in additional mechanistic experiments. The currently available data show that SCGE assays are a valuable tool for identifying dietary factors which improve the stability of the genetic material and prevent adverse health effects which are causally related to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Nersesyan
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Christine Hoelzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Halh Al-Serori
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
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Jahangir GZ, Ashraf DS, Nasir IA, Sadiq M, Shahzad S, Naz F, Iqbal M, Saeed A. The myth of oral hygiene using synthetic mouthwash products. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1481. [PMID: 27652055 PMCID: PMC5010544 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic oral cleansing and teeth whitening products like mouthwashes exert adverse effects on teeth, gums and mucous membrane of oral cavity and their extensive use is being criticized. Determining the effect of frequent use of mouthwashes, human cheek cells and their DNA have been studied. Five mouthwash brands were tested and their effects were examined on membrane and DNA of human cheek cells which were found to be very expressive and severe. The DNA, also, received severe damage and breaks developed in its double stranded structure resulting in detachment of small fragments from DNA. The statistical analysis, also, showed significant difference P < 0.005 between the values obtained for DNA double strand breaks for different mouthwashes (and standard mutagen) as compared to untreated control. The study revealed that damage to DNA increases many folds when different mouthwashes are combined. Essential oils of six spice plants (black pepper, clove, black seasam, cinamon, carom seeds and cumin) were evaluated for possessing anti-mutagenic property. These essential oils were found effectively protective against the DNA damaging effect of mouthwashes but could not inhibit it completely. Black pepper, clove, black seasam, cinamon, and cumin were stronger protective as compared to carom seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Idrees Ahmad Nasir
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700 Pakistan
| | - Madeha Sadiq
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Shahzad
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farah Naz
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Afifa Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Arun M, Balamuralikrishnan B, Kumar AK, Sureshkumar S, Mustaqahamed S, Mohanadevi S, Easwaran M, Raman N, Haripriya KB, Palanivel H, Balachandar V, Sasikala K. Association between exposure to nitric oxide and changes in select molecular markers of health among men in the gold jewelry manufacturing industry. KARBALA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kijoms.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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14
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In vivo evaluation of the genotoxic effects of Hyrax auxiliary orthodontic appliances containing silver-soldered joints. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 791:25-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Martín-Cameán A, Jos Á, Mellado-García P, Iglesias-Linares A, Solano E, Cameán AM. In vitro and in vivo evidence of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of metal ions released by orthodontic appliances: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:86-113. [PMID: 26093195 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Intraoral fixed orthodontic appliances are frequently used in the clinical practice of dentistry. They are made from alloys containing different metals at various percentages. The use of these appliances leads to the long-term exposure of patients to these materials, and the potential toxic effects of this exposure raises concerns about patient safety. Thus, the biocompatibility (corrosion behaviour and toxicity) of these materials has to be evaluated prior to clinical use. In the present report, the most recent studies in the scientific literature examining metal ion release from orthodontic appliances and the toxic effects of these ions have been reviewed with a special focus on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Previous studies suggest that a case-by-case safety evaluation is required to take into account the increasing variability of materials, their composition and the manufacturing processes. Moreover, in vivo toxicity studies in regard to metal release, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity are still scarce. Therefore, in vitro and in vivo monitoring studies are needed to establish cause-effect relationships between metal ion release and biomarkers of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Further investigations could be performed to elucidate the toxic mechanisms involved in the observed effects with a special emphasis on oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martín-Cameán
- Stomatology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Jos
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Enrique Solano
- Stomatology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana M Cameán
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Spain
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16
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Martín-Cameán A, Puerto M, Jos Á, Azqueta A, Iglesias-Linares A, Solano E, Cameán AM. Preliminary study of genotoxicity evaluation of orthodontic miniscrews on mucosa oral cells by the alkaline comet assay. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:487-93. [PMID: 26062010 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1053652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Miniscrew implants are widely used nowadays in orthodontic treatments due to their good results in clinical practice. However, data regarding the biocompatibility of commercially available orthodontic miniscrews and temporary devices are very scarce, and their role as genotoxicity inducers has been not previously evaluated with the alkaline comet assay. The aim of this study was to investigate the DNA damage in buccal cells of patients subjected to orthodontic treatments. The alkaline comet assay has been applied in oral mucosa cells from patients treated with conventional orthodontic treatment in comparison to patients treated additionally with miniscrews, non-treated volunteers (control) and smoking volunteers (positive control). The application of orthodontic appliances and miniscrews induced significant and similar (2-fold) increases of %DNA in tail in comparison to control group. Females experienced a significant increase in %DNA in all the treatments in comparison to the control group, whereas males showed significant damage only with the combined orthodontic and miniscrew treatment. In conclusion, conventional orthodontic appliances induced genotoxicity, and the incorporation of miniscrews assayed did not imply any additional increase of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martín-Cameán
- a Stomatology Department , School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla , Sevilla , Spain
| | - María Puerto
- b Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Ángeles Jos
- b Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- c Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Navarra , Navarra , Spain , and
| | | | - Enrique Solano
- a Stomatology Department , School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Ana M Cameán
- b Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla , Sevilla , Spain
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17
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Paulose S, Rangdhol V, Ramesh R, Jeelani SA, Brooklyin S. Estimation of serum malondialdehyde and assessment of DNA damage using comet assay in patients with oral submucous fibrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 7:286-93. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Paulose
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology; Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences; Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University; Pondicherry India
| | - Vishwanath Rangdhol
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology; Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences; Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University; Pondicherry India
| | - Ramasamy Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry; Mahathma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute; Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University; Pondicherry India
| | - Siccandar Ali Jeelani
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology; Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences; Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University; Pondicherry India
| | - Sivakumar Brooklyin
- Department of Anatomy; Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research; Pondicherry India
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18
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Afanasieva K, Chopei M, Sivolob A. Single nucleus versus single-cell gel electrophoresis: Kinetics of DNA track formation. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:973-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Afanasieva
- Department of General and Molecular Genetics; Taras Shevchenko National University; Kiev Ukraine
| | - Marianna Chopei
- Department of General and Molecular Genetics; Taras Shevchenko National University; Kiev Ukraine
| | - Andrei Sivolob
- Department of General and Molecular Genetics; Taras Shevchenko National University; Kiev Ukraine
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19
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Marchetti DP, Donida B, da Rosa HT, Manini PR, Moura DJ, Saffi J, Deon M, Mescka CP, Coelho DM, Jardim LB, Vargas CR. Protective effect of antioxidants on DNA damage in leukocytes from X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy patients. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 43:8-15. [PMID: 25765338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxic metabolites accumulation and oxidative stress have been associated to the pathophysiology of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), an inborn error of peroxisome metabolism. Parameters of oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in X-ALD patients were already described in literature; however, DNA injuries were not studied yet. Considering that, the aims were to investigate DNA damage by comet assay in heterozygotes and symptomatic X-ALD patients, to look for associations between DNA damage and lipid peroxidation as measured by urinary 15-F2t-isoprostane; and to evaluate the in vitro effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), trolox (TRO) and rosuvastatin (RSV) on DNA damage in leukocytes from symptomatic patients. Symptomatic patients presented higher DNA damage levels than those found in heterozygotes and controls; heterozygotes and controls showed similar results. In order to investigate the in vitro antioxidant effect on DNA damage, whole blood cells from symptomatic patients were incubated with NAC (1 and 2.5mM), TRO (25 and 75 μM) and RSV (0.5, 2 and 5 μM) before DNA damage analysis. NAC, TRO and RSV, at all tested concentrations, were all capable to reduce DNA damage in symptomatic X-ALD patients until control levels. Finally, DNA damage correlated with urinary isoprostanes and plasmatic levels of TBA-RS and DCFH-DA, allowing to hypothesize that DNA damage might be induced by lipid peroxidation in symptomatic patients. The present work yields experimental evidence that NAC, TRO and RSV reduce the in vitro DNA injury in symptomatic X-ALD patients, what may suggest that the administration of these antioxidants might be considered as an adjuvant therapy for X-ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirèe P Marchetti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Donida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, CEP 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Helen T da Rosa
- Universidade Federal de Ciências de Saúde de Porto Alegre, UFSPA, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, CEP 90050170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Paula R Manini
- Universidade Federal de Ciências de Saúde de Porto Alegre, UFSPA, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, CEP 90050170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Dinara J Moura
- Universidade Federal de Ciências de Saúde de Porto Alegre, UFSPA, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, CEP 90050170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jenifer Saffi
- Universidade Federal de Ciências de Saúde de Porto Alegre, UFSPA, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, CEP 90050170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marion Deon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, CEP 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Caroline P Mescka
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Daniella M Coelho
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Laura B Jardim
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carmen R Vargas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, CEP 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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20
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How V, Hashim Z, Ismail P, Omar D, Said SM, Tamrin SBM. Characterization of risk factors for DNA damage among paddy farm worker exposed to mixtures of organophosphates. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2015; 70:102-9. [PMID: 24965330 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2013.823905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This is a cross-sectional study conducted among paddy farmers to characterize potential risk factors that influence levels of DNA damage from exposure to mixtures of organophosphates. Comet assay was used to determine the level of DNA damage by measuring the comet tail length from the exfoliated buccal mucosa. The result suggests that farmers who chronically exposure to a mixture of organophosphates has at least 2-fold significant increase of DNA damage as compared with control group. Factor analysis and linear regression both suggest that DNA damage reported by farmers may influence individual, occupational, and residential factors and are reported as significant predictor factors, whereas this effect is mainly caused by individual factors among the control group. The findings of the present study suggest that either farmer or control group bear certain extent of genotoxic burden contributed by different risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien How
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia
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21
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Perotti A, Rossi V, Mutti A, Buschini A. Methy-sens Comet assay and DNMTs transcriptional analysis as a combined approach in epigenotoxicology. Biomarkers 2014; 20:64-70. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.992813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Rojas E, Lorenzo Y, Haug K, Nicolaissen B, Valverde M. Epithelial cells as alternative human biomatrices for comet assay. Front Genet 2014; 5:386. [PMID: 25506353 PMCID: PMC4246922 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The comet assay is a valuable experimental tool aimed at mapping DNA damage in human cells in vivo for environmental and occupational monitoring, as well as for therapeutic purposes, such as storage prior to transplant, during tissue engineering, and in experimental ex vivo assays. Furthermore, due to its great versatility, the comet assay allows to explore the use of alternative cell types to assess DNA damage, such as epithelial cells. Epithelial cells, as specialized components of many organs, have the potential to serve as biomatrices that can be used to evaluate genotoxicity and may also serve as early effect biomarkers. Furthermore, 80% of solid cancers are of epithelial origin, which points to the importance of studying DNA damage in these tissues. Indeed, studies including comet assay in epithelial cells have either clear clinical applications (lens and corneal epithelial cells) or examine genotoxicity within human biomonitoring and in vitro studies. We here review improvements in determining DNA damage using the comet assay by employing lens, corneal, tear duct, buccal, and nasal epithelial cells. For some of these tissues invasive sampling procedures are needed. Desquamated epithelial cells must be obtained and dissociated prior to examination using the comet assay, and such procedures may induce varying amounts of DNA damage. Buccal epithelial cells require lysis enriched with proteinase K to obtain free nucleosomes. Over a 30 year period, the comet assay in epithelial cells has been little employed, however its use indicates that it could be an extraordinary tool not only for risk assessment, but also for diagnosis, prognosis of treatments and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Rojas
- Depto. Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México, México
| | - Yolanda Lorenzo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Eye Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristiane Haug
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Eye Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Nicolaissen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Eye Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
| | - Mahara Valverde
- Depto. Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México, México
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23
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Jar-Allah Al-Amrah H, Aboznada OA, Alam MZ, ElAssouli MZM, Mujallid MI, ElAssouli SM. Genotoxicity of waterpipe smoke in buccal cells and peripheral blood leukocytes as determined by comet assay. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 26:891-6. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.970787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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24
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Katarkar A, Mukherjee S, Khan MH, Ray JG, Chaudhuri K. Comparative evaluation of genotoxicity by micronucleus assay in the buccal mucosa over comet assay in peripheral blood in oral precancer and cancer patients. Mutagenesis 2014; 29:325-334. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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25
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Khairnar K, Sanmukh S, Chandekar R, Paunikar W. A simple and novel modification of comet assay for determination of bacteriophage mediated bacterial cell lysis. J Virol Methods 2014; 203:33-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Pérez N, Berrío A, Jaramillo JE, Urrego R, Arias MP. Exposure to cigarette smoke causes DNA damage in oropharyngeal tissue in dogs. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 769:13-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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27
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Brown EM, Latimer C, Allsopp P, Ternan NG, McMullan G, McDougall GJ, Stewart D, Crozier A, Rowland I, Gill CIR. In vitro and in vivo models of colorectal cancer: antigenotoxic activity of berries. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3852-3866. [PMID: 24447259 DOI: 10.1021/jf4050759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC), a common cause of cancer-related mortality globally, has strong associations with diet. There is considerable epidemiological evidence that fruits and vegetables are associated with reduced risk of CRC. This paper reviews the extensive evidence, both from in vitro studies and animal models, that components of berry fruits can modulate biomarkers of DNA damage and that these effects may be potentially chemoprotective, given the likely role that oxidative damage plays in mutation rate and cancer risk. Human intervention trials with berries are generally consistent in indicating a capacity to significantly decrease oxidative damage to DNA, but represent limited evidence for anticarcinogenicity, relying as they do on surrogate risk markers. To understand the effects of berry consumption on colorectal cancer risk, future studies will need to be well controlled, with defined berry extracts, using suitable and clinically relevant end points and considering the importance of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Brown
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster , Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, U.K
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28
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Chandirasekar R, Kumar BL, Sasikala K, Jayakumar R, Suresh K, Venkatesan R, Jacob R, Krishnapriya EK, Kavitha H, Ganesh GK. Assessment of genotoxic and molecular mechanisms of cancer risk in smoking and smokeless tobacco users. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 767:21-7. [PMID: 24769293 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inexpensive forms of tobacco are widely used in developing countries such as India. We have evaluated genotoxicity endpoints (chromosome aberrations, micronucleus frequency, comet assay) and polymorphisms of the XRCC1 and p53 genes among smokers and smokeless tobacco (SLT) users in rural Tamilnadu, South India. Cytogenetic, DNA damage and SNP analyses were performed on peripheral blood samples; micronucleus frequency was measured in peripheral blood and buccal mucosa exfoliated cells. Both categories of tobacco users had elevated levels of genotoxic damage. SNP analysis of tobacco users revealed that 17% carry the XRCC1 gln399gln genotype and 19% carry the p53 pro72pro genotype. Both genotypes are associated with increased risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chandirasekar
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - B Lakshman Kumar
- Departments of Biotechnology and Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641 029, India
| | - K Sasikala
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Jayakumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - K Suresh
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Venkatesan
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Raichel Jacob
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - E K Krishnapriya
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - H Kavitha
- Departments of Biotechnology and Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641 029, India
| | - G Karthik Ganesh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India
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29
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Pouliliou S, Koukourakis MI. Gamma histone 2AX (γ-H2AX)as a predictive tool in radiation oncology. Biomarkers 2014; 19:167-80. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.898099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Pouliliou
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Radiobiology and Radiopathology Unit, Democritus University of Thrace
AlexandroupolisGreece
| | - Michael I. Koukourakis
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Radiobiology and Radiopathology Unit, Democritus University of Thrace
AlexandroupolisGreece
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30
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How V, Hashim Z, Ismail P, Md Said S, Omar D, Bahri Mohd Tamrin S. Exploring Cancer Development in Adulthood: Cholinesterase Depression and Genotoxic Effect From Chronic Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides Among Rural Farm Children. J Agromedicine 2014; 19:35-43. [DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2013.866917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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The comet assay as a tool for human biomonitoring studies: The ComNet Project. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2014; 759:27-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Jyoti S, Khan S, Naz F, Rahul, Ali F, Siddique YH. Assessment of DNA damage by panmasala, gutkha chewing and smoking in buccal epithelial cells using alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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33
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Azqueta A, Collins AR. The essential comet assay: a comprehensive guide to measuring DNA damage and repair. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:949-68. [PMID: 23685795 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis) is the most common method for measuring DNA damage in eukaryotic cells or disaggregated tissues. The assay depends on the relaxation of supercoiled DNA in agarose-embedded nucleoids (the residual bodies remaining after lysis of cells with detergent and high salt), which allows the DNA to be drawn out towards the anode under electrophoresis, forming comet-like images as seen under fluorescence microscopy. The relative amount of DNA in the comet tail indicates DNA break frequency. The assay has been modified to detect various base alterations, by including digestion of nucleoids with a lesion-specific endonuclease. We describe here recent technical developments, theoretical aspects, limitations as well as advantages of the assay, and modifications to measure cellular antioxidant status and different types of DNA repair. We briefly describe the applications of this method in genotoxicity testing, human biomonitoring, and ecogenotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009 Pamplona, Spain.
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Genotoxicity in gingival cells of patients undergoing tooth restoration with two different dental composite materials. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:87-96. [PMID: 23385426 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-0933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental composite materials come into direct contact with oral tissue, especially gingival cells. This study was performed to evaluate possible DNA damage to gingival cells exposed to resin composite dental materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Class V restorations were placed in 30 adult patients using two different composite resins. The epithelial cells of the gingival area along the composite restoration were sampled prior to and after 7, 30, and 180 days following the restoration of the tooth. DNA damage was analysed by comet and micronucleus assays in gingival exfoliated epithelial cells. RESULTS The results showed significantly higher comet assay parameters (tail length and % DNA in the tail) within periods of 30 and 180 days. The micronucleus test for the same exposure time demonstrated a higher number of cells with micronuclei, karyolysis, and nuclear buds. Results did not reveal any difference between the two composite materials for the same duration of exposure. CONCLUSION Based on the results, we can conclude that the use of composite resins causes cellular damage. As dental composite resins remain in intimate contact with oral tissue over a long period of time, further research on their possible genotoxicity is advisable. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Long-term exposure of gingival cells to two different composite materials demonstrated certain DNA damage. However, considering the significant decline in micronuclei frequency after 180 days and efficiency in the repair of primary DNA damage, the observed effects could not be indicated as biologically relevant.
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Recruitment of HRDC domain of WRN and BLM to the sites of DNA damage induced by mitomycin C and methyl methanesulfonate. Cell Biol Int 2013; 36:873-81. [PMID: 22657828 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20110510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The HRDC (helicase and RNase D C-terminal) domain at the C-terminal of WRNp (Werner protein) (1150-1229 amino acids) and BLMp (Bloom protein) (1212-1292 amino acids) recognize laser microirradiation-induced DNA dsbs (double-strand breaks). However, their role in the recognition of DNA damage other than dsbs has not been reported. In this work, we show that HRDC domain of both the proteins can be recruited to the DNA damage induced by MMS (methyl methanesulfonate) and MMC (methyl mitomycin C). GFP (green fluorescent protein)-tagged HRDC domain produces distinct foci-like respective wild-types after DNA damage induced by the said agents and co-localize with γ-H2AX. However, in time course experiment, we observed that the foci of HRDC domain exist after 24 h of removal of the damaging agents, while the foci of full-length protein disappear completely. This indicates that the repair events are not completed by the presence of protein corresponding to only the HRDC domain. Consequently, cells overexpressing the HRDC domain fail to survive after DNA damage, as determined by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] assay. Moreover, 24 h after removal of damaging agents, the extent of DNA damage is greater in cells overexpressing HRDC domain compared with corresponding wild-types, as observed by comet assay. Thus, our observations suggest that HRDC domain of both WRN and BLM can also recognize different types of DNA damages, but for the successful repair they fail to respond to subsequent repair events.
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Cortés-Gutiérrez EI, Dávila-Rodríguez MI, Fernández JL, López-Fernández C, Gosálvez J. DNA breakage detection-fluorescence in situ hybridization (DBD-FISH) in buccal cells. Eur J Histochem 2012; 56:e49. [PMID: 23361245 PMCID: PMC3567768 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2012.e49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA breakage detection-fluorescence in situ hybridization (DBD-FISH) is a recently developed technique that allows cell-by-cell detection and quantification of DNA breakage in the whole genome or within specific DNA sequences. The present investigation was conducted to adapt the methodology of DBD-FISH to the visualization and evaluation of DNA damage in buccal epithelial cells. DBD-FISH revealed that DNA damage increased significantly according to H2O2 concentration (r2=0.91). In conclusion, the DBD-FISH technique is easy to apply in buccal cells and provides prompt results that are easy to interpret. Future studies are needed to investigate the potential applicability of a buccal cell DBD-FISH model to human biomonitoring and nutritional work.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Cortés-Gutiérrez
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS, Monterrey, México.
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Pal D, Sur S, Mandal S, Das S, Panda CK. Regular black tea habit could reduce tobacco associated ROS generation and DNA damage in oral mucosa of normal population. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2996-3003. [PMID: 22705326 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco and tea habit are very common in world wide. In the present study, an attempt was made to evaluate the effect of regular drinking of black tea on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and DNA damage in buccal cells of normal subjects with or without tobacco habit. Expression of ROS associated proteins IκB, NF-κB as well as DNA repair associated proteins p53, MLH1 were also analyzed. Exfoliated buccal cells were collected from 308 healthy individuals and classified according to age, tobacco and tea habits. In all age groups, comparatively high ROS level and significantly high DNA damage frequency were seen in individuals with tobacco habit than the subjects without tea and tobacco habits. Tea habit effectively lowered ROS level and restrict DNA damage in tobacco users irrespective of ages. The DNA damage seen in the subjects was not associated with apoptosis. Moreover, tea habit effectively lowered the expression of IκB, NF-κB, p53 and MLH1 in tobacco users in all age groups. It seems that regular black tea habit could have anti-genotoxic effect as revealed by reduced tobacco associated ROS generation and DNA damage in buccal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debolina Pal
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700 026, India
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Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and metal release in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances: A longitudinal in-vivo study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011; 140:298-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 05/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chandirasekar R, Suresh K, Jayakumar R, Venkatesan R, Lakshman Kumar B, Sasikala K. XRCC1 gene variants and possible links with chromosome aberrations and micronucleus in active and passive smokers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 32:185-192. [PMID: 21843798 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco addiction is a major risk for diseases such as cancers, heart attack, etc. Tobacco smoke constitutes environmental toxins that are the major preventable leading cause of death worldwide. We investigated the influence of tobacco smoke on cytogenetic parameters (chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei) and the influence of XRCC1 arg399gln polymorphism on the cytogenetic parameters of the exposed subjects. The cases for this study include active and passive smokers. They were divided into three groups in accordance with duration of exposure to tobacco smoke. We observed changes in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei among the exposed subjects and controls. Of the three groups of exposed subjects, group III of active smokers and group III of passive smokers showed higher number of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei when compared to controls, group I and group II of active and passive smokers. The XRCC1 arg399gln polymorphic variant gln/gln, influenced the extent of genotoxic damage in chromosomes and frequency of in micronuclei the three variants (arg/arg, arg/gln and gln/gln), gln/gln harbored significantly (P<0.05) higher number of aberrations than the arg/arg and arg/gln. In this context, the results observed in our study indicated that the single nucleotide polymorphism on XRCC1codon 399 influenced the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chandirasekar
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India.
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Mondal NK, Bhattacharya P, Ray MR. Assessment of DNA damage by comet assay and fast halo assay in buccal epithelial cells of Indian women chronically exposed to biomass smoke. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2011; 214:311-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cortés-Gutiérrez EI, Dávila-Rodríguez MI, Fernández JL, López-Fernández C, Gosálbez A, Gosálvez J. New application of the comet assay: chromosome--comet assay. J Histochem Cytochem 2011; 59:655-60. [PMID: 21540337 DOI: 10.1369/0022155411410884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The comet assay is a well-established, simple, versatile, visual, rapid, and sensitive tool used extensively to assess DNA damage and DNA repair quantitatively and qualitatively in single cells. The comet assay is most frequently used to analyze white blood cells or lymphocytes in human biomonitoring studies, although other cell types have been examined, including buccal, nasal, epithelial, and placental cells and even spermatozoa. This study was conducted to design a protocol that can be used to generate comets in subnuclear units, such as chromosomes. The new technique is based on the chromosome isolation protocols currently used for whole chromosome mounting in electron microscopy, coupled to the alkaline variant of the comet assay, to detect DNA damage. The results show that migrant DNA fragments can be visualized in whole nuclei and isolated chromosomes and that they exhibit patterns of DNA migration that depend on the level of DNA damage produced. This protocol has great potential for the highly reproducible study of DNA damage and repair in specific chromosomal domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elva I Cortés-Gutiérrez
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, México (EICG,MIDR).
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Muniz JF, McCauley LA, Pak V, Lasarev MR, Kisby GE. Effects of sample collection and storage conditions on DNA damage in buccal cells from agricultural workers. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2011; 720:8-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Redon CE, Nakamura AJ, Zhang YW, Ji JJ, Bonner WM, Kinders RJ, Parchment RE, Doroshow JH, Pommier Y. Histone gammaH2AX and poly(ADP-ribose) as clinical pharmacodynamic biomarkers. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:4532-42. [PMID: 20823146 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells are often deficient in DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, and anticancer therapies are commonly based on genotoxic treatments using radiation and/or drugs that damage DNA directly or interfere with DNA metabolism, leading to the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), and ultimately to cell death. Because DSBs induce the phosphorylation of histone H2AX (γH2AX) in the chromatin flanking the break site, an antibody directed against γH2AX can be employed to measure DNA damage levels before and after patient treatment. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP1 and PARP2) are also activated by DNA damage, and PARP inhibitors show promising activity in cancers with defective homologous recombination (HR) pathways for DSB repair. Ongoing clinical trials are testing combinations of PARP inhibitors with DNA damaging agents. Poly(ADP-ribosylation), abbreviated as PAR, can be measured in clinical samples and used to determine the efficiency of PARP inhibitors. This review summarizes the roles of γH2AX and PAR in the DDR, and their use as biomarkers to monitor drug response and guide clinical trials, especially phase 0 clinical trials. We also discuss the choices of relevant samples for γH2AX and PAR analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe E Redon
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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González JE, Roch-Lefèvre SH, Mandina T, García O, Roy L. Induction of γ-H2AX foci in human exfoliated buccal cells after in vitro exposure to ionising radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 86:752-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2010.484476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tania Mandina
- Centro de Protección e Higiene de las Radiaciones, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Omar García
- Centro de Protección e Higiene de las Radiaciones, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Laurence Roy
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Nersesyan A, Hoelzl C, Ferk F, Mišík M, Knasmueller S. Comet Assays in Dietary Intervention Trials. THE COMET ASSAY IN TOXICOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/9781847559746-00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Christine Hoelzl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
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46
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Collins AR, Dusinska M. Applications of the Comet Assay in Human Biomonitoring. THE COMET ASSAY IN TOXICOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/9781847559746-00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo Norway
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Norwegian Institute of Air Research (NILU) Kjeller Norway
- Research Base of Slovak Medical University Bratislava Slovakia
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Dhawan A, Bajpayee M, Parmar D. The Comet Assay: A Versatile Tool for Assessing DNA Damage. THE COMET ASSAY IN TOXICOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/9781847559746-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alok Dhawan
- Developmental Toxicology Division Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Formerly Industrial Toxicology Research Centre) P.O. Box 80 M.G. Marg Lucknow 226 001 India
| | - Mahima Bajpayee
- Developmental Toxicology Division Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Formerly Industrial Toxicology Research Centre) P.O. Box 80 M.G. Marg Lucknow 226 001 India
| | - Devendra Parmar
- Developmental Toxicology Division Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Formerly Industrial Toxicology Research Centre) P.O. Box 80 M.G. Marg Lucknow 226 001 India
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Use of conventional and -omics based methods for health claims of dietary antioxidants: a critical overview. Br J Nutr 2009; 99 E Suppl 1:ES3-52. [PMID: 18503734 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508965752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the principles and limitations of methods used to investigate reactive oxygen species (ROS) protective properties of dietary constituents and is aimed at providing a better understanding of the requirements for science based health claims of antioxidant (AO) effects of foods. A number of currently used biochemical measurements aimed of determining the total antioxidant capacity and oxidised lipids and proteins are carried out under unphysiological conditions and are prone to artefact formation. Probably the most reliable approaches are measurements of isoprostanes as a parameter of lipid peroxidation and determination of oxidative DNA damage. Also the design of the experimental models has a strong impact on the reliability of AO studies: the common strategy is the identification of AO by in vitro screening with cell lines. This approach is based on the assumption that protection towards ROS is due to scavenging, but recent findings indicate that activation of transcription factors which regulate genes involved in antioxidant defence plays a key role in the mode of action of AO. These processes are not adequately represented in cell lines. Another shortcoming of in vitro experiments is that AO are metabolised in vivo and that most cell lines are lacking enzymes which catalyse these reactions. Compounds with large molecular configurations (chlorophylls, anthocyans and polyphenolics) are potent AO in vitro, but weak or no effects were observed in animal/human studies with realistic doses as they are poorly absorbed. The development of -omics approaches will improve the scientific basis for health claims. The evaluation of results from microarray and proteomics studies shows that it is not possible to establish a general signature of alterations of transcription and protein patterns by AO. However, it was shown that alterations of gene expression and protein levels caused by experimentally induced oxidative stress and ROS related diseases can be normalised by dietary AO.
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McCauley LA, Lasarev M, Muniz J, Nazar Stewart V, Kisby G. Analysis of Pesticide Exposure and DNA Damage in Immigrant Farmworkers. J Agromedicine 2008; 13:237-46. [DOI: 10.1080/10599240802473817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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50
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Jayakumar R, Sasikala K. Evaluation of DNA damage in jewellery workers occupationally exposed to nitric oxide. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 26:259-261. [PMID: 21783919 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2008.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a metastable radical, reacts with oxygen to produce toxic nitrogen oxides (N(2)O(3), ONOO(-)) which damage DNA. Occupational exposure to nitric oxide leads to increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations in humans. In the present study the DNA damage among the jewellery workers occupationally exposed to nitric oxide was analyzed using buccal cell comet assay. The result of this study shows increased levels of DNA damage among jewellery workers. The habit of cigarette smoking among the jewellery workers has a synergistic effect on inducing DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarajeswaran Jayakumar
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil nadu, India
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