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Parvez SM, Huda MM, Rahman M, Jahan F, Fujimura M, Hasan SS, Hares A, Islam Z, Raqib R, Knibbs LD, Sly PD. Hormonal, liver, and renal function associated with electronic waste (e-waste) exposure in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Toxicology 2024; 505:153833. [PMID: 38759721 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Electronic waste (e-waste) contains numerous metals and organic pollutants that have detrimental impacts on human health. We studied 199 e-waste recycling workers and 104 non-exposed workers; analyzed blood, urine, and hair samples to measure heavy metals, hormonal, liver, and renal function. We used quantile regression models to evaluate the impact of Pb, Cd, and Hg on hormonal, liver and renal function, and the role of DNA oxidative damage in mediating the relationship between exposures and outcomes. Exposed workers had higher blood lead (Pb) (median 11.89 vs 3.63 µg/dL), similar blood cadmium (Cd) (1.04 vs 0.99 µg/L) and lower total mercury (Hg) in hair (0.38 vs 0.57 ppm) than non-exposed group. Exposed workers also had elevated median concentrations of total triiodothyronine (TT3), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urinary albumin, albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were significantly higher than non-exposed group (p≤0.05). Sex hormones including luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estrogen, progesterone and testosterone concentrations were not significantly different between exposed and non-exposed (all p≥0.05). The median concentration of ALT was 4.00 (95% CI: 0.23, 7.77), urinary albumin was 0.09 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.12) and ACR was 1.31 (95% CI: 0.57, 2.05) units higher in the exposed group compared to non-exposed group. Pb was associated with a 3.67 unit increase in the ALP (95% CI: 1.53, 5.80), 0.01 unit increase in urinary albumin (95% CI: 0.002, 0.01), and 0.07 unit increase in ACR (95% CI: 0.01, 0.13). However, no hormonal, renal, and hepatic parameters were associated with Cd or Hg. Oxidative DNA damage did not mediate exposure-outcome relationships (p≥0.05). Our data indicate e-waste exposure impairs liver and renal functions secondary to elevated Pb levels. Continuous monitoring, longitudinal studies to evaluate the dose-response relationship and effective control measure are required to protect workers from e-waste exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarker Masud Parvez
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; Environmental Health and WASH, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - M Mamun Huda
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Environmental Health and WASH, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; Global Health and Migration Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Farjana Jahan
- Environmental Health and WASH, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Masatake Fujimura
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Minamata, Kumamoto 867-0008, Japan
| | - Shaikh Sharif Hasan
- Environmental Health and WASH, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Hares
- Environmental Health and WASH, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Zahir Islam
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Nutrition Research Division, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Public Health Research Analytics and Methods for Evidence, Public Health Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
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Khan NG, Tungekar B, Adiga D, Chakrabarty S, Rai PS, Kabekkodu SP. Alterations induced by Bisphenol A on cellular organelles and potential relevance on human health. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119505. [PMID: 37286138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical partially soluble in water and exists in a solid state. Its structural similarity with estrogen makes it an endocrine-disrupting chemical. BPA can disrupt signaling pathways at very low doses and may cause organellar stress. According to in vitro and in vivo studies, BPA interacts with various cell surface receptors to cause organellar stress, producing free radicals, cellular toxicity, structural changes, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, cytoskeleton remodeling, centriole duplication, and aberrant changes in several cell signaling pathways. The current review summarizes the impact of BPA exposure on the structural and functional aspects of subcellular components of cells such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, ribosome, Golgi apparatus, and microtubules and its consequent impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem G Khan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Bushra Tungekar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India; Center for DNA Repair and Genome Stability (CDRGS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Padmalatha S Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India; Center for DNA Repair and Genome Stability (CDRGS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
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3
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Zhang C, Zhao Y, Cui M, Cui X, Zhang C, Meng Q. Simulation for fluorescence detection of O4-methylthymidine with definite photophysical characteristics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 296:122691. [PMID: 37023654 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
DNA alkylation is caused by long-term exposure of cells to the environmental and endogenous alkylating agents, which can also lead to DNA mutations and therefore trigger some cancers. Since O4-methylthymidine (O4-meT), mismatched with guanine (G), is the most common but not easily repaired alkylated nucleoside, monitoring O4-meT can help to effectively reduce the occurrence of carcinogenesis. In this work, the modified G-analogues are selected as the fluorescence probe to monitor the existence of O4-meT according to its pairing characteristics. The photo-physical properties of considered G-analogues formed by ring expansion or addition of fluorophores were studied in detail. It is found that, compared with natural G, the absorption peaks of these fluorescence analogues are red-shifted (>55 nm) and the luminescence is enhanced by π-conjugation. Especially, the xG has a large Stokes shift (65 nm) with fluorescence insensitive to natural cytosine (C) and retains efficient emission after pairing, while it is sensitive to O4-meT and the quenching phenomenon occurs due to the excited state intermolecular charge transfer. Accordingly, the xG can be used as a fluorescent probe to identify the O4-meT in solution. In addition, the direct use of deoxyguanine fluorescent analogue for monitoring O4-meT was evaluated by the effects of ligating deoxyribose on absorption and fluorescence emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Menglu Cui
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Xixi Cui
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Changzhe Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Qingtian Meng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
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Baines C, Meitern R, Kreitsberg R, Fort J, Scharsack JP, Nogueira P, Giraudeau M, Sepp T. Correlations between oxidative DNA damage and formation of hepatic tumours in two flatfish species from contaminated environments. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20220583. [PMID: 37254521 PMCID: PMC10230182 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many species in aquatic environments face increased exposure to oncogenic pollution due to anthropogenic environmental change which can lead to higher cancer prevalence. The mechanistic relationship connecting environmental pollution and cancer is multi-factorial and poorly understood, and the specific mechanisms are so far still uncharacterized. One potential mediator between pollutant exposure and cancer is oxidative damage to DNA. We conducted a study in the field with two flatfish species, European flounder (Platichthys flesus L.) and common dab (Limanda limanda L.) with overlapping distribution and similar ecological niche, to investigate if the link between oncogenic pollutants and cancer described in ecotoxicological literature could be mediated by oxidative DNA damage. This was not the case for flounders as neither polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bile metabolites nor metallic trace element concentrations were related to oxidative DNA damage measurements. However, dabs with higher PAH concentrations did exhibit increased oxidative damage. High oxidative DNA damage also did not predict neoplasm occurrence, rather, healthy individuals tended to have higher oxidative damage measurements compared to fishes with pre-neoplastic tumours. Our analyses showed that flounders had lower concentrations of PAH bile metabolites, suggesting that compared to dab this species is less exposed or better at eliminating these contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Baines
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Harju County, Estonia
| | - Richard Meitern
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Randel Kreitsberg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Jörn Peter Scharsack
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Herwigstraße 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Pedro Nogueira
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Herwigstraße 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Mathieu Giraudeau
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Tuul Sepp
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
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Stenvinkel P, Shiels PG, Johnson RJ. Lessons from evolution by natural selection: An unprecedented opportunity to use biomimetics to improve planetary health. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 328:116981. [PMID: 36508982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Planetary health embraces the concept that long-term human welfare depends on the well-being of its ecological systems. Current practices, however, have often ignored this concept and have led to an anthropocentric world, with the consequence of increased greenhouse gas emissions, heat stress, lack of clean water and pollution, that are threatening the environment as well as the health and life of Homo sapiens and many other species. One consequence of environmental stressors has been the stimulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress that may not only promote common lifestyle diseases, but the ageing process. Despite the harshness of the current reality, treatment opportunities may exist 'in our backyard'. Biomimicry is an emerging field of research that explores how nature is structured and aims to mimic ingenious solutions that have evolved in nature for different applications that benefit human life. As nature always counteracts excesses from within, biodiversity could be a source of solutions that have evolved through the natural selection of animal species that have survived polluted, warm, and arid environments - i.e. the same presumptive changes that now threaten human health. One example from the emerging science suggests that animals use the cytoprotective Nrf2 antioxidant pathway to combat environmental stress and this may be a case example that we can apply to better human health. Learning from nature may provide opportunities for environmental management and solutions to the most challenging issue that face the future of the planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Paul G Shiels
- School of Molecular Biosystems, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, 12700 East 19th Ave, RC-2 Research Building, Rm 7012, Mail Stop C281, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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Kwon M, Jung J, Park HS, Kim NH, Lee J, Park J, Kim Y, Shin S, Lee BS, Cheong YH, Youn HS, Kim SR, Park SA. Diesel exhaust particle exposure accelerates oxidative DNA damage and cytotoxicity in normal human bronchial epithelial cells through PD-L1. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120705. [PMID: 36410599 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are a major cause of cancer progression as well as a variety of acute and chronic diseases. It is well-known that programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint molecule that can induce immune escape in tumor cells. However, the function of PD-L1 in bronchial epithelial cells or how PD-L1 relates to cellular oxidation under DEPs-mediated oxidative stress is not well known. In this study, we investigated how PD-L1 affected DEPs-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, Beas-2B. DEPs not only induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, but also increased PD-L1 expression in HBE cells. Beas-2B cells overexpressing PD-L1 showed higher levels of ROS production, DNA damage, and apoptosis after DEPs treatment compared to control cells. In particular, the expression of an antioxidant enzyme heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of Nrf2, a major regulator of HO-1, were lower in Beas-2B overexpressing PD-L1 cells than in control cells. DEPs-induced ROS generation, DNA damage and apoptosis in Beas-2B cells overexpressing PD-L1 were significantly restored by overexpressing HO-1. Collectively, our results suggest that DEPs can increase the expression of PD-L1 in HBE cells and that overexpressing PD-L1 might eventually promote DEPs-induced oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Kwon
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Jung
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sun Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Hui Kim
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayeon Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Youjin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwon Shin
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Soo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konyang University Hospital and College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Hwang Cheong
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Yongin, 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sun Youn
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Roul Kim
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Aye Park
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea.
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Montano L, Maugeri A, Volpe MG, Micali S, Mirone V, Mantovani A, Navarra M, Piscopo M. Mediterranean Diet as a Shield against Male Infertility and Cancer Risk Induced by Environmental Pollutants: A Focus on Flavonoids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031568. [PMID: 35163492 PMCID: PMC8836239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of environmental factors in influencing health status is well documented. Heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, pesticides, ultrafine particles, produced by human activities put a strain on the body’s entire defense system. Therefore, together with public health measures, evidence-based individual resilience measures are necessary to mitigate cancer risk under environmental stress and to prevent reproductive dysfunction and non-communicable diseases; this is especially relevant for workers occupationally exposed to pollutants and/or populations residing in highly polluted areas. The Mediterranean diet is characterized by a high intake of fruits and vegetables rich in flavonoids, that can promote the elimination of pollutants in tissues and fluids and/or mitigate their effects through different mechanisms. In this review, we collected evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies showing that the impairment of male fertility and gonadal development, as well as cancers of reproductive system, due to the exposure of organic and inorganic pollutants, may be counteracted by flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Montano
- Andrology Unit and Service of Lifestyle Medicine in UroAndrology, Local Health Authority (ASL), 84124 Salerno, Italy;
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maugeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Volpe
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, CNR, 83100 Avellino, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Micali
- Urology Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Mirone
- Department of Neurosciences, Science of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Food, Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary public health, Italian National Health Institute, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
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Kalamaras G, Kloukinioti M, Antonopoulou M, Ntaikou I, Vlastos D, Eleftherianos A, Dailianis S. The Potential Risk of Electronic Waste Disposal into Aquatic Media: The Case of Personal Computer Motherboards. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9070166. [PMID: 34357909 PMCID: PMC8309724 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9070166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Considering that electronic wastes (e-wastes) have been recently recognized as a potent environmental and human threat, the present study aimed to assess the potential risk of personal computer motherboards (PCMBs) leaching into aquatic media, following a real-life scenario. Specifically, PCMBs were submerged for 30 days in both distilled water (DW) and artificial seawater (ASW). Afterwards, PCMBs leachates were chemically characterized (i.e., total organic carbon, ions, and trace elements) and finally used (a) for culturing freshwater (Chlorococcum sp. and Scenedesmus rubescens) and saltwater (Dunaliella tertiolecta and Tisochrysis lutea) microalgae for 10 days (240 h), (b) as the exposure medium for mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (96 h exposure), and (c) for performing the Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay in human lymphocytes cultures. According to the results, PCMBs could mediate both fresh- and marine algae growth rates over time, thus enhancing the cytotoxic, oxidative, and genotoxic effects in the hemocytes of mussels (in terms of lysosomal membrane impairment, lipid peroxidation, and NO content and micronuclei formation, respectively), as well as human lymphocytes (in terms of MN formation and CBPI values, respectively). The current findings clearly revealed that PCMBs leaching into the aquatic media could pose detrimental effects on both aquatic organisms and human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kalamaras
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500 Rio-Patra, Greece; (G.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Maria Kloukinioti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500 Rio-Patra, Greece; (G.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Maria Antonopoulou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece; (M.A.); (D.V.)
| | - Ioanna Ntaikou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas (ICEHT/FORTH), 10 Stadiou st., Platani, GR-26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Dimitris Vlastos
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece; (M.A.); (D.V.)
| | - Antonios Eleftherianos
- Akrokeramos Sewerage Laboratory, Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company (EYDAP SA), GR-18755 Keratsini, Greece;
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500 Rio-Patra, Greece; (G.K.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Tang Q, Kamble P, Çağlayan M. DNA ligase I variants fail in the ligation of mutagenic repair intermediates with mismatches and oxidative DNA damage. Mutagenesis 2020; 35:391-404. [PMID: 32914844 PMCID: PMC7846189 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA ligase I (LIG1) joins DNA strand breaks during DNA replication and repair transactions and contributes to genome integrity. The mutations (P529L, E566K, R641L and R771W) in LIG1 gene are described in patients with LIG1-deficiency syndrome that exhibit immunodeficiency. LIG1 senses 3'-DNA ends with a mismatch or oxidative DNA base inserted by a repair DNA polymerase. However, the ligation efficiency of the LIG1 variants for DNA polymerase-promoted mutagenesis products with 3'-DNA mismatches or 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) remains undefined. Here, we report that R641L and R771W fail in the ligation of nicked DNA with 3'-8-oxodG, leading to an accumulation of 5'-AMP-DNA intermediates in vitro. Moreover, we found that the presence of all possible 12 non-canonical base pairs variously impacts the ligation efficiency by P529L and R771W depending on the architecture at the DNA end, whereas E566K exhibits no activity against all substrates tested. Our results contribute to the understanding of the substrate specificity and mismatch discrimination of LIG1 for mutagenic repair intermediates and the effect of non-synonymous mutations on ligase fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pradnya Kamble
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Melike Çağlayan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Pre-treatment with Beta Carotene Gives Protection Against Nephrotoxicity Induced by Bromobenzene via Modulation of Antioxidant System, Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Pro-apoptotic Factors. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:616-633. [PMID: 31407161 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Bromobenzene is an environmental toxin which causes hepatotoxicity, and the secondary metabolites on biotransformation cause nephrotoxicity. The objective of this study was to assess the alleviation of the nephrotoxic effect of bromobenzene by beta carotene in female Wistar albino rats. Beta carotene (10 mg/kg b.w.p.o.) was delivered orally to the rats for 9 days before bromobenzene (10 mM/kg b.w.p.o.) was intragastrically intubated. Kidney markers, antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation were evaluated. In addition, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were measured in serum and in kidney tissue homogenate using ELISA. Caspase, COX-2 and NF-κB were measured with the help of Western blotting. Histopathological analysis of the kidney was done for the control and experimental rats. Bromobenzene induction caused elevation in levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, cytokines and lipid per oxidation along with deterioration in histological observations and antioxidant status. Pre-treatment with beta carotene significantly (*p < 0.05) normalised the levels of kidney markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines. It also reduced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, as shown by improved antioxidant status. The anti-apoptotic activity was evidenced by inhibition of protein expression of caspase, COX-2 and NF-κB. This significant reversal (*p < 0.05) of the above variations in comparison with the control group as noticed in the bromobenzene-administered rats demonstrates that beta carotene possesses promising nephroprotective effect through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activity and therefore suggests its use as a potential therapeutic agent for protection from bromobenzene and hence environmental pollutant toxicity.
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Chen KM, Calcagnotto A, Zhu J, Sun YW, El-Bayoumy K, Richie Jr JP. Comparison of an HPLC-MS/MS Method with Multiple Commercial ELISA Kits on the Determination of Levels of 8-oxo-7,8-Dihydro-2'-Deoxyguanosine in Human Urine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.14302/issn.2377-2549.jndc-18-2430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Analysis of 8-oxodG is usually conducted by either chromatography-based methods or by immunochemical methods commonly used based upon their low cost and high-throughput. However, concern regarding the accuracy of ELISA methods has complicated their use. We directly compare the levels of urinary 8-oxodG obtained by HPLC-MS/MS with three commercially available ELISA kits in this report. Methods: In the current study, a total of 9 human urine samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and three commonly used commercial available ELISA kits. Results: We found that urinary 8-oxodG levels analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS [1.4 ± 0.3 nmol/mmol creatinine) were 7.6- to 23.5-fold lower than those detected by ELISA. Overall, the correlations between ELISA and HPLC-MS/MS were poor but were improved after SPE purification for kits from ENZO (P = 0.2817 without SPE; P = 0.0086 with SPE) and Abcam (P = 0.0596 without SPE; P = 0.0473 with SPE). Discussion and conclusion: While we confirmed that SPE purification can improve the correlation between the selected ELISA kits and HPLC-MS/MS, HPLC-MS/MS is still the method of choice to accurately assess the levels of 8-oxodG in human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ming Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Ana Calcagnotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Junjia Zhu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Yuan-Wan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Karam El-Bayoumy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - John P. Richie Jr
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
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12
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Wang Y, Sun X, Fang L, Li K, Yang P, Du L, Ji K, Wang J, Liu Q, Xu C, Li G, Giesy JP, Hecker M. Genomic instability in adult men involved in processing electronic waste in Northern China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 117:69-81. [PMID: 29727754 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Managing and recycling electronic waste (e-waste), while useful and necessary, has resulted in significant contamination of several environments in China. The area around Tianjin, China has become one of the world's largest e-waste disposal centers, where electronics are processed by manually disassembly or burning, which can result in serious exposure of workers to a multitude of toxicants. OBJECTIVE The present study assessed potential genomic damage in workers involved in recycling e-waste. METHODS To detect cytogenetic and DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations (CA), cytokinesis blocking micronucleus (CBMN) and the comet assay were performed. Concentrations of some trace elements, markers of oxidative stress and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in whole blood or serum were measured, and relationships among the markers described above, age, and duration of exposure were analyzed. The profiles of expression of genes in lymphocytes in peripheral blood were assessed to determine the status of the regulation of genes involved in genome stability. RESULTS Concentrations of 28 PCB congeners in the whole blood of the exposed group were significantly (P<0.001) greater than those in the control individuals. Frequency of CA (8.01%) and CBMN (26.3‰) in lymphocytes and the level of DNA damage in the lymphocytes and spermatozoa of the exposed men were also significantly (P<0.0001) greater than those of the controls. There were significant relationships between CA, CBMN, DNA damage and duration of exposure. Concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lead (Pb) in the blood serum were significantly greater, but activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were lower in the serum of the exposed men. MDA, Pb, Ca and Mg were associated with the duration of exposure to handling e-waste. In males involved in handling of e-waste, there were 13 genes - ATM, ATR, ABL1, CHEK1, CHEK2, GADD45A, CDK7, GTSE1, OGG1, DDB1, PRKDC, XRCC1 and CCNH - for which expression of mRNA was up-regulated and 7 genes - BRCA1, GTF2H1, SEMA4A, MRE11A, MUTYH, PNKP and RAD50 - for which the expression of mRNA was down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS A strong correlation between indicators of damage of DNA, which could result in instability of the genome, and duration of processing e-waste was observed. If proper procedures are not followed, there are significant risks to the health of the individuals involved in such activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lianying Fang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Keqiu Li
- Department of Biology at Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqing Du
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaihua Ji
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Chang Xu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Biology at Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Zoology, and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of the Environment & Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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13
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Eftekhari A, Dizaj SM, Chodari L, Sunar S, Hasanzadeh A, Ahmadian E, Hasanzadeh M. The promising future of nano-antioxidant therapy against environmental pollutants induced-toxicities. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1018-1027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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14
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Ma B, Jing M, Villalta PW, Kapphahn RJ, Montezuma SR, Ferrington DA, Stepanov I. Simultaneous determination of 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyadenosine in human retinal DNA by liquid chromatography nanoelectrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22375. [PMID: 26979577 PMCID: PMC4793187 DOI: 10.1038/srep22375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness among older adults in the developed world. Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) may play a key role in AMD. Measurement of oxidative DNA lesions such as 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyadenosine (8-oxo-dA) in diseased RPE could provide important insights into the mechanism of AMD development. We have developed a liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous analysis of 8-oxo-dG and 8-oxo-dA in human retinal DNA. The developed method was applied to the analysis of retinal DNA from 5 donors with AMD and 5 control donors without AMD. In mtDNA, the levels of 8-oxo-dG in controls and AMD donors averaged 170 and 188, and 8-oxo-dA averaged 11 and 17 adducts per 10(6) bases, respectively. In nuclear DNA, the levels of 8-oxo-dG in controls and AMD donors averaged 0.54 and 0.96, and 8-oxo-dA averaged 0.04 and 0.05 adducts per 10(6) bases, respectively. This highly sensitive method allows for the measurement of both adducts in very small amounts of DNA and can be used in future studies investigating the pathophysiological role of 8-oxo-dG and 8-oxo-dA in AMD and other oxidative damage-related diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Meng Jing
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Peter W. Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Kapphahn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 493, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sandra R. Montezuma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 493, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Deborah A. Ferrington
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 493, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 807, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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15
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de Souza MR, da Silva FR, de Souza CT, Niekraszewicz L, Dias JF, Premoli S, Corrêa DS, Soares MDC, Marroni NP, Morgam-Martins MI, da Silva J. Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of soil contaminated with mineral coal tailings on snail Helix aspersa. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 139:512-517. [PMID: 26295689 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Coal remains an important source of energy, although the fuel is a greater environmental pollutant. Coal is a mixture of several chemicals, especially inorganic elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Many of these compounds have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on organisms exposed to this mineral. In the town of Charqueadas (Brazil), the tailings from mining were used for landfill in the lower areas of the town, and the consequence is the formation of large deposits of this material. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of soil samples contaminated by coal waste in different sites at Charqueadas, using the land snail Helix aspersa as a biomonitor organism. Thirty terrestrial snails were exposed to different treatments: 20 were exposed to the soil from two different sites in Charqueadas (site 1 and 2; 10 in each group) and 10 non-exposed (control group). Hemolymph cells were collected after 24h, 5days and 7days of exposure and comet assay, micronucleus test, oxidative stress tests were performed. Furthermore, this study quantified the inorganic elements present in soil samples by the PIXE technique and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) by HPLC. This evaluation shows that, in general, soils from sites in Charqueadas, demonstrated a genotoxic effect associated with increased oxidative stress, inorganic and PAH content. These results demonstrate that the coal pyrite tailings from Charqueadas are potentially genotoxic and that H. aspersa is confirmed to be a sensitive instrument for risk assessment of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rosa de Souza
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, Prédio 22, Sala 22 (4(o) andar), 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Telles de Souza
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Liana Niekraszewicz
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Suziane Premoli
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Applied Toxicology (PPGGTA) - Chemistry Course, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Dione Silva Corrêa
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Applied Toxicology (PPGGTA) - Chemistry Course, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana do Couto Soares
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, PPGBioSaúde and PPGGTA, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Norma Possa Marroni
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, PPGBioSaúde and PPGGTA, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Morgam-Martins
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, PPGBioSaúde and PPGGTA, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, Prédio 22, Sala 22 (4(o) andar), 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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16
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Møller P, Danielsen PH, Karottki DG, Jantzen K, Roursgaard M, Klingberg H, Jensen DM, Christophersen DV, Hemmingsen JG, Cao Y, Loft S. Oxidative stress and inflammation generated DNA damage by exposure to air pollution particles. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2014; 762:133-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Ma B, Villalta PW, Balbo S, Stepanov I. Analysis of a malondialdehyde-deoxyguanosine adduct in human leukocyte DNA by liquid chromatography nanoelectrospray-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1829-36. [PMID: 25181548 PMCID: PMC4203394 DOI: 10.1021/tx5002699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Malondialdehyde
(MDA), an endogenous genotoxic product formed upon
lipid peroxidation and prostaglandin biosynthesis, can react with
DNA to form stable adducts. These adducts may contribute to the development
of such inflammation-mediated diseases as cancer and cardiovascular
and neurodegenerative diseases. The predominant MDA-derived DNA adduct
formed under physiological conditions is 3-(2-deoxy-β-d-erythro-pentafuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one deoxyguanosine (M1dG). In this study, we developed
a novel liquid chromatography (LC)–nanoelectrospray ionization
(NSI)–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) method
for the analysis of M1dG in human leukocyte DNA. After
enzymatic hydrolysis of DNA, M1dG and the added internal
standard [13C3]M1dG were reduced
to their 5,6-dihydro derivatives by addition of sodium borohydride
to the hydrolysate and purified by solid-phase extraction and column
chromatography. The 5,6-dihydro derivatives in the purified samples
were analyzed by LC–NSI–HRMS/MS using higher-energy
collisional dissociation (HCD) fragmentation, isolation widths of
1 Da for both the analyte and internal standard, and a resolution
of 50 000. The detection limit of the developed method is 5
amol on-column, and the limit of quantitation is 0.125 fmol/mg DNA
starting with 200 μg of DNA. Method accuracy and precision were
characterized. The developed method was further applied to the analysis
of leukocyte DNA from 50 human subjects. M1dG was detected
in all samples and ranged from 0.132 to 275 fmol/mg DNA, or 0.004
to 9.15 adducts per 108 bases. This unique and highly sensitive
HRMS/MS-based method can be used in future studies investigating the
pathophysiological role of M1dG in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Masonic Cancer Center and ‡Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota , Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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18
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Harper KN, Liu X, Hall MN, Ilievski V, Oka J, Calancie L, Slavkovich V, Levy D, Siddique A, Alam S, Mey JL, van Geen A, Graziano JH, Gamble MV. A dose-response study of arsenic exposure and markers of oxidative damage in Bangladesh. J Occup Environ Med 2014; 56:652-8. [PMID: 24854259 PMCID: PMC4050339 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the dose-response relationship between arsenic (As) exposure and markers of oxidative damage in Bangladeshi adults. METHODS We recruited 378 participants drinking water from wells assigned to five water As exposure categories; the distribution of subjects was as follows: (1) less than 10 μg/L (n=76); (2) 10 to 100 μg/L (n=104); (3) 101 to 200 μg/L (n=86); (4) 201 to 300 μg/L (n=67); and (5) more than 300 μg/L (n=45). Arsenic concentrations were measured in well water, as well as in urine and blood. Urinary 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine and plasma protein carbonyls were measured to assess oxidative damage. RESULTS None of our measures of As exposure were significantly associated with protein carbonyl or 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine levels. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence to support a significant relationship between long-term exposure to As-contaminated drinking water and biomarkers of oxidative damage among Bangladeshi adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin N. Harper
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Megan N. Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Vesna Ilievski
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Julie Oka
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Larissa Calancie
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Vesna Slavkovich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Diane Levy
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Abu Siddique
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shafiul Alam
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jacob L. Mey
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964
- Kingsbridge Community College, New York, NY 11235
| | - Alexander van Geen
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964
| | - Joseph H. Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Mary V. Gamble
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
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Tight junction proteins and oxidative stress in heavy metals-induced nephrotoxicity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:730789. [PMID: 23710457 PMCID: PMC3654622 DOI: 10.1155/2013/730789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Kidney is a target organ for heavy metals. They accumulate in several segments of the nephron and cause profound alterations in morphology and function. Acute intoxication frequently causes acute renal failure. The effects of chronic exposure have not been fully disclosed. In recent years increasing awareness of the consequences of their presence in the kidney has evolved. In this review we focus on the alterations induced by heavy metals on the intercellular junctions of the kidney. We describe that in addition to the proximal tubule, which has been recognized as the main site of accumulation and injury, other segments of the nephron, such as glomeruli, vessels, and distal nephron, show also deleterious effects. We also emphasize the participation of oxidative stress as a relevant component of the renal damage induced by heavy metals and the beneficial effect that some antioxidant drugs, such as vitamin A (all-trans-retinoic acid) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol), depict on the morphological and functional alterations induced by heavy metals.
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Phillips DH, Venitt S. DNA and protein adducts in human tissues resulting from exposure to tobacco smoke. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:2733-53. [PMID: 22961407 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke contains a variety of genotoxic carcinogens that form adducts with DNA and protein in the tissues of smokers. Not only are these biochemical events relevant to the carcinogenic process, but the detection of adducts provides a means of monitoring exposure to tobacco smoke. Characterization of smoking-related adducts has shed light on the mechanisms of smoking-related diseases and many different types of smoking-derived DNA and protein adducts have been identified. Such approaches also reveal the potential harm of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) to nonsmokers, infants and children. Because the majority of tobacco-smoke carcinogens are not exclusive to this source of exposure, studies comparing smokers and nonsmokers may be confounded by other environmental sources. Nevertheless, certain DNA and protein adducts have been validated as biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke, with continuing applications in the study of ETS exposures, cancer prevention and tobacco product legislation. Our article is a review of the literature on smoking-related adducts in human tissues published since 2002.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Phillips
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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21
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Genc S, Zadeoglulari Z, Fuss SH, Genc K. The adverse effects of air pollution on the nervous system. J Toxicol 2012; 2012:782462. [PMID: 22523490 PMCID: PMC3317189 DOI: 10.1155/2012/782462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air pollution is a serious and common public health concern associated with growing morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the last decades, the adverse effects of air pollution on the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems have been well established in a series of major epidemiological and observational studies. In the recent past, air pollution has also been associated with diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and neurodevelopmental disorders. It has been demonstrated that various components of air pollution, such as nanosized particles, can easily translocate to the CNS where they can activate innate immune responses. Furthermore, systemic inflammation arising from the pulmonary or cardiovascular system can affect CNS health. Despite intense studies on the health effects of ambient air pollution, the underlying molecular mechanisms of susceptibility and disease remain largely elusive. However, emerging evidence suggests that air pollution-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, microglial activation, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and alterations in the blood-brain barrier contribute to CNS pathology. A better understanding of the mediators and mechanisms will enable the development of new strategies to protect individuals at risk and to reduce detrimental effects of air pollution on the nervous system and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sermin Genc
- Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Zadeoglulari
- Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Stefan H. Fuss
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kursad Genc
- Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
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22
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Arlt VM, Schwerdtle T. UKEMS/Dutch EMS-sponsored workshop on biomarkers of exposure and oxidative DNA damage & 7th GUM-32P-postlabelling workshop, University of Münster, Münster, Germany, 28-29 March 2011. Mutagenesis 2011; 26:679-85. [PMID: 21693685 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ger036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposures are a major concern for human cancer. However, the precise contribution of specific risk factors and their interactions, both with each other and with genotype, continue to be difficult to elucidate. The exposome is the comprehensive characterisation of an individual's lifetime exposure history (Wild, C. P. (2009) Environmental exposure measurement in cancer epidemiology. Mutagenesis, 24, 117-125). Unravelling complex environmental and genetic aetiologies in order to plan effective public health interventions demands that both environmental exposures and genetic variations are reliably measured. The development, validation and application of biomarkers of exposure are manifestly critical to the future of cancer epidemiology. The aim of this workshop at the University of Münster was to discuss the current status of exposure biomarkers in cancer molecular epidemiology as well as new findings achieved by applying the methods to studies of mechanisms of human cancer. Day 1 focused on biomarkers of exposure (i.e. carcinogen DNA adducts), effect and susceptibility to gain greater understanding of environmental cancer risks and their modulation. Day 2 focused on the role of oxidative stress and DNA damage in human carcinogenesis including methodologies used for the measurement of oxidatively induced DNA lesions in human cells or tissues and the possible use of these lesions as cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker M Arlt
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, Brookes Lawley Building, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK.
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Cadet J, Douki T, Ravanat JL. Measurement of oxidatively generated base damage in cellular DNA. Mutat Res 2011; 711:3-12. [PMID: 21329709 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This survey focuses on the critical evaluation of the main methods that are currently available for monitoring single and complex oxidatively generated damage to cellular DNA. Among chromatographic methods, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and to a lesser extent HPLC-ECD which is restricted to a few electroactive nucleobases and nucleosides are appropriate for measuring the formation of single and clustered DNA lesions. Such methods that require optimized protocols for DNA extraction and digestion are sensitive enough for measuring base lesions formed under conditions of severe oxidative stress including exposure to ionizing radiation, UVA light and high intensity UVC laser pulses. In contrast application of GC-MS and HPLC-MS methods that are subject to major drawbacks have been shown to lead to overestimated values of DNA damage. Enzymatic methods that are based on the use of DNA repair glycosylases in order to convert oxidized bases into strand breaks are suitable, even if they are far less specific than HPLC methods, to deal with low levels of single modifications. Several other methods including immunoassays and (32)P-postlabeling methods that are still used suffer from drawbacks and therefore are not recommended. Another difficult topic is the measurement of oxidatively generated clustered DNA lesions that is currently achieved using enzymatic approaches and that would necessitate further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cadet
- Laboratoire "Lésions des Acides Nucléiques", SCIB-UMR-E n°3 (CEA/UJF), FRE CNRS 3200, Département de Recherche Fondamentale sur la Matière Condensée, CEA/Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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Lettieri Barbato D, Tomei G, Tomei F, Sancini A. Traffic air pollution and oxidatively generated DNA damage: can urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxiguanosine be considered a good biomarker? A meta-analysis. Biomarkers 2010; 15:538-45. [PMID: 20545462 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2010.493974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms through which traffic-related air pollution causes adverse effects on human health. The urinary excretion of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (8oxodG) has often been used as a biomarker to evaluate the effect of air pollution on subjects occupationally exposed. We used a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of traffic air pollution on urinary 8oxodG levels in healthy workers. We observed higher urinary 8oxodG levels in non-smoking exposed subjects compared with smokers. This difference was clearer when an HPLC assay was used. These results show that urinary 8oxodG can be used as a biomarker to evaluate the pro-oxidant effects of vehicle exhaust emissions on DNA in exposed workers.
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Wei Y, Han IK, Hu M, Shao M, Zhang JJ, Tang X. Personal exposure to particulate PAHs and anthraquinone and oxidative DNA damages in humans. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 81:1280-1285. [PMID: 20869742 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that DNA oxidative damage be related to the chemical constituents of ambient particles. The purpose of this study was to examine whether particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and quinone-structure chemicals increase body burden of oxidative stress in human exposed to heavy traffic volume. We recruited two nonsmoking security guards who worked at a university campus gate near a heavily trafficked road. Each subject wore a personal air sampler for 24h per day to estimate exposures to 24 PAHs and anthraquinone (AnQ) in PM(2.5). Daily pre- and post-work shift spot urines were collected for 29d from each subject. Urine samples were analyzed for 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Additionally, using 19 organic tracers other than 24 PAHs and AnQ, a receptor source apportionment model of chemical mass balance was applied to determine the contributions of sources on the PM: gasoline vehicle, diesel vehicle, coal burning, vegetable debris, cooking, natural gas and biomass burning. The relationship among urinary 8-OHdG, individual PAH, and AnQ was demonstrated as follows: the average urinary concentration of 8-OHdG was increased more than three times after 8-h work-shift than those before the work shift. All the 24 PAH and AnQ levels were positively and significantly associated with the post-work urinary 8-OHdG. The results from source apportionment suggest vehicular emission to be the dominant source of personal exposure to PM(2.5). Our finding indicates that personal air exposures to 24 individual PAHs and AnQ originating from traffic emissions are important in increasing oxidative burdens in human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Katic J, Cemeli E, Baumgartner A, Laubenthal J, Bassano I, Stølevik SB, Granum B, Namork E, Nygaard UC, Løvik M, Leeuwen DV, Loock KV, Anderson D, Fučić A, Decordier I. Evaluation of the genotoxicity of 10 selected dietary/environmental compounds with the in vitro micronucleus cytokinesis-block assay in an interlaboratory comparison. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:2612-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Møller P, Loft S. Oxidative damage to DNA and lipids as biomarkers of exposure to air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:1126-36. [PMID: 20423813 PMCID: PMC2920082 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is thought to exert health effects through oxidative stress, which causes damage to DNA and lipids. OBJECTIVE We determined whether levels of oxidatively damaged DNA and lipid peroxidation products in cells or bodily fluids from humans are useful biomarkers of biologically effective dose in studies of the health effects of exposure to particulate matter (PM) from combustion processes. DATA SOURCES We identified publications that reported estimated associations between environmental exposure to PM and oxidative damage to DNA and lipids in PubMed and EMBASE. We also identified publications from reference lists and articles cited in the Web of Science. DATA EXTRACTION For each study, we obtained information on the estimated effect size to calculate the standardized mean difference (unitless) and determined the potential for errors in exposure assessment and analysis of each of the biomarkers, for total and stratified formal meta-analyses. DATA SYNTHESIS In the meta-analysis, the standardized mean differences (95% confidence interval) between exposed and unexposed subjects for oxidized DNA and lipids were 0.53 (0.29-0.76) and 0.73 (0.18-1.28) in blood and 0.52 (0.22-0.82) and 0.49 (0.01-0.97) in urine, respectively. The standardized mean difference for oxidized lipids was 0.64 (0.07-1.21) in the airways. Restricting analyses to studies unlikely to have substantial biomarker or exposure measurement error, studies likely to have biomarker and/or exposure error, or studies likely to have both sources of error resulted in standardized mean differences of 0.55 (0.19-0.90), 0.66 (0.37-0.95), and 0.65 (0.34-0.96), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to combustion particles is consistenly associated with oxidatively damaged DNA and lipids in humans, suggesting that it is possible to use these measurements as biomarkers of biologically effective dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environment Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Moore SA, Xeniou O, Zeng ZT, Humphreys E, Burr S, Gottschalg E, Bingham SA, Shuker DEG. Optimizing immunoslot blot assays and application to low DNA adduct levels using an amplification approach. Anal Biochem 2010; 403:67-73. [PMID: 20399191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunoslot blot assays have been used for the analysis of many DNA adducts, but problems are frequently encountered in achieving reproducible results. Each step of the assay was examined systematically, and it was found that the major problems are in the DNA fragmentation step and the use of the manifold apparatus. Optimization was performed on both the malondialdehyde-deoxyguanosine (M(1)dG) adduct and the O(6)-carboxymethyl-deoxyguanosine (O(6)CMdG) adduct to demonstrate the applicability to other DNA adducts. Blood samples from the European Prospective Investigation on Cancer (EPIC) study (n = 162) were analyzed for M(1)dG adducts, and the data showed no correlation with adduct levels in other tissues, indicating that the EPIC blood samples were not useful for studying M(1)dG adducts. Blood samples from a processed meat versus vegetarian diet intervention (n = 6) were analyzed for O(6)CMdG, and many were below the limit of detection. The reduction of background adduct levels in standard DNA was investigated using chemical and whole genome amplification approaches. The latter gave a sensitivity improvement of 2.6 adducts per 10(7) nucleotides for the analysis of O(6)CMdG. Subsequent reanalysis for O(6)CMdG showed a weakly significant increase in O(6)CMdG on the processed meat diet compared with the vegetarian diet, demonstrating that further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Moore
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
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Mordukhovich I, Rossner P, Terry MB, Santella R, Zhang YJ, Hibshoosh H, Memeo L, Mansukhani M, Long CM, Garbowski G, Agrawal M, Gaudet MM, Steck SE, Sagiv SK, Eng SM, Teitelbaum SL, Neugut AI, Conway-Dorsey K, Gammon MD. Associations between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-related exposures and p53 mutations in breast tumors. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:511-8. [PMID: 20064791 PMCID: PMC2854728 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may be associated with breast cancer. However, the carcinogenicity of PAHs on the human breast remains unclear. Certain carcinogens may be associated with specific mutation patterns in the p53 tumor suppressor gene, thereby contributing information about disease etiology. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that associations of PAH-related exposures with breast cancer would differ according to tumor p53 mutation status, effect, type, and number. METHODS We examined this possibility in a population-based case-control study using polytomous logistic regression. As previously reported, 151 p53 mutations among 859 tumors were identified using Surveyor nuclease and confirmed by sequencing. RESULTS We found that participants with p53 mutations were less likely to be exposed to PAHs (assessed by smoking status in 859 cases and 1,556 controls, grilled/smoked meat intake in 822 cases and 1,475 controls, and PAH-DNA adducts in peripheral mononuclear cells in 487 cases and 941 controls) than participants without p53 mutations. For example, active and passive smoking was associated with p53 mutation-negative [odds ratio (OR) = 1.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11-2.15] but not p53 mutation-positive (OR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.43-1.38) cancer (ratio of the ORs = 0.50, p < 0.05). However, frameshift mutations, mutation number, G:C-->A:T transitions at CpG sites, and insertions/deletions were consistently elevated among exposed subjects. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that PAHs may be associated with specific breast tumor p53 mutation subgroups rather than with overall p53 mutations and may also be related to breast cancer through mechanisms other than p53 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Mordukhovich
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7435, USA.
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Møller P, Jacobsen NR, Folkmann JK, Danielsen PH, Mikkelsen L, Hemmingsen JG, Vesterdal LK, Forchhammer L, Wallin H, Loft S. Role of oxidative damage in toxicity of particulates. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:1-46. [PMID: 19886744 DOI: 10.3109/10715760903300691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Particulates are small particles of solid or liquid suspended in liquid or air. In vitro studies show that particles generate reactive oxygen species, deplete endogenous antioxidants, alter mitochondrial function and produce oxidative damage to lipids and DNA. Surface area, reactivity and chemical composition play important roles in the oxidative potential of particulates. Studies in animal models indicate that particles from combustion processes (generated by combustion of wood or diesel oil), silicate, titanium dioxide and nanoparticles (C60 fullerenes and carbon nanotubes) produce elevated levels of lipid peroxidation products and oxidatively damaged DNA. Biomonitoring studies in humans have shown associations between exposure to air pollution and wood smoke particulates and oxidative damage to DNA, deoxynucleotides and lipids measured in leukocytes, plasma, urine and/or exhaled breath. The results indicate that oxidative stress and elevated levels of oxidatively altered biomolecules are important intermediate endpoints that may be useful markers in hazard characterization of particulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environment Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Abstract
The ability to conduct validated analyses of biomarkers is critically important in order to establish the sensitivity and selectivity of the biomarker in identifying a particular disease. The use of stable-isotope dilution (SID) methodology in combination with LC–MS/MS provides the highest possible analytical specificity for quantitative determinations. This methodology is now widely used in the discovery and validation of putative exposure and disease biomarkers. This review will describe the application of SID LC–MS methodology for the analysis of small-molecule and protein biomarkers. It will also discuss potential future directions for the use of this methodology for rigorous biomarker analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Ciccimaro
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 265 Davidson Avenue, Somerset, NJ 08873–4120, USA
| | - Ian A Blair
- Centers of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104–6160, USA
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Rubio V, Valverde M, Rojas E. Effects of atmospheric pollutants on the Nrf2 survival pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2010; 17:369-82. [PMID: 19367423 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-009-0140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE Atmospheric pollution is a worldwide problem. Exposure to atmospheric pollutants causes toxic cellular effects. One of the mechanisms of toxicity by these pollutants is the promotion of oxidative stress. Several signaling pathways control cellular redox homeostasis. In this respect, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a crucial transcription factor in the cell's response to oxidative stress. MAIN FEATURES In cellular animal models, exposure to atmospheric pollutants activates Nrf2, attenuating its toxic and even its carcinogenic effects. Therefore, we have reviewed the scientific literature in order to indicate that air pollutants, such as particulate matter, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and gaseous matter, are Nrf2 pathway inductors, triggering self-defense through the establishment of proinflammatory and antioxidant responses. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Exposure to reactive molecules as atmospheric pollutants causes the activation of Nrf2 and the subsequent regulation of the expression of cytoprotective and detoxifying enzymes, as well as antioxidants. Moreover, induction of Nrf2 prior to exposure reduces the harmful effects of pollutants. The present article discusses the protective role of the Nrf2 pathway against different atmospheric pollutant insults. CONCLUSIONS Nrf2 regulates the expression of numerous cytoprotective genes that function to detoxify reactive species produced during atmospheric pollutant metabolic reactions. From the papers highlighted in this review, we conclude that Nrf2 has an important role in the defense against atmospheric pollutant-induced toxicity. PERSPECTIVES Further studies are needed to understand the signaling events that turn on the system in response to atmospheric pollutant stress. This could allow for the possibility of targeting the pathway for prevention benefits in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rubio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., 04510, Mexico
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Peluso M, Srivatanakul P, Munnia A, Jedpiyawongse A, Ceppi M, Sangrajrang S, Piro S, Boffetta P. Malondialdehyde-deoxyguanosine adducts among workers of a Thai industrial estate and nearby residents. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:55-59. [PMID: 20056580 PMCID: PMC2831967 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans living near industrial point emissions can experience high levels of exposures to air pollutants. Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate in Thailand is the location of the largest steel, oil refinery, and petrochemical factory complexes in Southeast Asia. Air pollution is an important source of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species, which interact with DNA and lipids, leading to oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation, respectively. OBJECTIVE We measured the levels of malondialdehyde-deoxyguanosine (dG) adducts, a biomarker of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, in petrochemical workers, nearby residents, and subjects living in a control district without proximity to industrial sources. DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional study to compare the prevalence of malondialdehyde-dG adducts in groups of subjects experiencing various degrees of air pollution. RESULTS The multivariate regression analysis shows that the adduct levels were associated with occupational and environmental exposures to air pollution. The highest adduct level was observed in the steel factory workers. In addition, the formation of DNA damage tended to be associated with tobacco smoking, but without reaching statistical significance. A nonsignificant increase in DNA adducts was observed after 4-6 years of employment among the petrochemical complexes. CONCLUSIONS Air pollution emitted from the Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate complexes was associated with increased adduct levels in petrochemical workers and nearby residents. Considering the mutagenic potential of DNA lesions in the carcinogenic process, we recommend measures aimed at reducing the levels of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Peluso
- Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Analytical and Biomolecular Cytology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy.
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Lee KF, Chung WY, Benzie IFF. Urine 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a specific marker of oxidative stress, using direct, isocratic LC-MS/MS: Method evaluation and application in study of biological variation in healthy adults. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 411:416-22. [PMID: 20035732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urine 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) is a specific biomarker of oxidative stress. We evaluated a modified LC-MS/MS assay for urine 8-oxodG and determined biological variation in healthy adults. METHOD Untreated urine was injected into an isocratic LC-MS/MS system (positive-ion MRM mode). Urine 8-oxodG in 51 healthy volunteers was measured; within- and between-day variations in 23 healthy volunteers were investigated. RESULTS Dose-response was linear to 452 nmol/l; limit of detection=2.3 nmol/l; within-run and between-run CVs were <3.0% and <4.7%, respectively; recovery=97%-101%; accuracy=97.7-103.5%. Urine 8-oxodG (median, mean [SD]): 1.70, 1.70[0.60]nmol/mmol creatinine (n=51). Men had higher (p=0.027) concentrations than women matched for age and body mass index: mean [SD]: 1.90[1.60]; n=26 vs. 1.50[0.55]; n=25. Within- and between-day variations were wide but random. No significant differences were seen overall across time-points within 1 day or at the same time-point across 5 consecutive days. CONCLUSIONS The method has advantages of speed and relative simplicity as it does not require sample pre-treatment for 8-oxodG extraction, the use of internal standard or gradient LC elution and has high linearity, specificity, precision and recovery. Biological variation in urine 8-oxodG is wide, but no within- or between-day differences at the group concentration were seen in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam-fai Lee
- Department of Health Technology & Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Amodio M, Caselli M, de Gennaro G, Tutino M. Particulate PAHs in two urban areas of Southern Italy: Impact of the sources, meteorological and background conditions on air quality. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2009; 109:812-820. [PMID: 19700146 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2009.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The present work studied how much the meteorological parameters and the emission sources can influence the particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Invalid Journal Information PAHs) concentrations in two areas located in Southern Italy (Bari and Taranto). It was found that when the vehicular traffic is the main source of PAHs, there is a negative correlation between ambient temperature, wind speed and PAHs concentration (Bari). This is because these parameters are generally correlated with the dispersion capacity of the atmosphere. In the presence of a large industrial area, the wind direction becomes an important parameter able to determinate large changes in PAHs concentrations. This happened in Taranto where PAHs concentrations are exceptionally high. During the study the seasonal trend of particulate PAHs and PM10 was compared. PM10 did not show a significant seasonal cycle during the year because it is conditioned from a high regional aerosol background, especially during the summertime. On the contrary, particulate PAHs exerted distinct seasonal variation with higher concentrations in the winter and lower concentration during other months of the year. This evidence suggested that PAHs concentrations can be considered a more reliable index for air-quality assessment. In order to identify an index that considers the contributions of other particulate PAHs, it is necessary to calculate the carcinogenic potency of total PAHs (i.e., total BaPeq) obtained by the sum of the benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentration (BaPeq) for each PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino Amodio
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Mangal D, Vudathala D, Park JH, Lee SH, Penning TM, Blair IA. Analysis of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine in cellular DNA during oxidative stress. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:788-97. [PMID: 19309085 PMCID: PMC2684441 DOI: 10.1021/tx800343c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
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Analysis of cellular 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dGuo) as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage has been fraught with numerous methodological problems. This is primarily due to artifactual oxidation of dGuo that occurs during DNA isolation and hydrolysis. Therefore, it has become necessary to rely on using the comet assay, which is not necessarily specific for 8-oxo-dGuo. A highly specific and sensitive method based on immunoaffinity purification and stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography (LC)-multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)/mass spectrometry (MS) that avoids artifact formation has now been developed. Cellular DNA was isolated using cold DNAzol (a proprietary product that contains guanidine thiocyanate) instead of chaotropic- or phenol-based methodology. Chelex-treated buffers were used to prevent Fenton chemistry-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and artifactual oxidation of DNA bases. Deferoxamine was also added to all buffers in order to complex any residual transition metal ions remaining after Chelex treatment. The LC-MRM/MS method was used to determine that the basal 8-oxo-dGuo level in DNA from human bronchoalveolar H358 cells was 2.2 ± 0.4 8-oxo-dGuo/107 dGuo (mean ± standard deviation) or 5.5 ± 1.0 8-oxo-dGuo/108 nucleotides. Similar levels were observed in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, mouse hepatoma Hepa-1c1c7 cells, and human HeLa cervical epithelial adenocarcinoma cells. These values are an order of magnitude lower than is typically reported for basal 8-oxo-dGuo levels in DNA as determined by other MS- or chromatography-based assays. H358 cells were treated with increasing concentrations of potassium bromate (KBrO3) as a positive control or with the methylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) as a negative control. A linear dose−response for 8-oxo-dGuo formation (r2 = 0.962) was obtained with increasing concentrations of KBrO3 in the range of 0.05 mM to 2.50 mM. In contrast, no 8-oxo-dGuo was observed in H358 cell DNA after treatment with MMS. At low levels of oxidative DNA damage, there was an excellent correlation between a comet assay that measured DNA single strand breaks (SSBs) after treatment with human 8-oxo-guanine glycosylase-1 (hOGG1) when compared with 8-oxo-dGuo in the DNA as measured by the stable isotope dilution LC-MRM/MS method. Availability of the new LC-MRM/MS assay made it possible to show that the benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-derived quinone, B[a]P-7,8-dione, could induce 8-oxo-dGuo formation in H358 cells. This most likely occurred through redox cycling between B[a]P-7,8-dione and B[a]P-7,8-catechol with concomitant generation of DNA damaging ROS. In keeping with this concept, inhibition of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)-mediated detoxification of B[a]P-7,8-catechol with Ro 410961 caused increased 8-oxo-dGuo formation in the H358 cell DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Mangal
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, 854 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, USA
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Wei Y, Han IK, Shao M, Hu M, Zhang OJ, Tang X. PM2.5 constituents and oxidative DNA damage in humans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:4757-62. [PMID: 19673262 DOI: 10.1021/es803337c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that certain constituents of ambient PM2.5 can induce or increase oxidative stress in biological systems. The present study is designed to examine whether exposure to traffic generated particles increases the burden of oxidative stress in humans and to identify specific PM2.5 constituents responsible for pollution-induced oxidative stress. We recruited two nonsmoking security guards who worked at a university campus gate by a heavily trafficked road. Pre- and post-workshift spot urines were collected on each of the 29 days of measurement. Concentrations of PM2.5 mass and 126 chemical species were measured at the worksite and a campus background site simultaneously. Urine samples were analyzed for 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Factor analysis and linear mixed-effects regression models were used in statistical analyses. Three clusters of PM2.5 species were identified, including PAHs, metals, and polar organic compounds. Urinary concentrations of 8-OHdG increased by > 3 times following an eight-hour workshift in participants. Pre-workshift urinary concentrations of 8-OHdG were associated with PM2.5 concentrations at the background site. Post-workshift 8-OHdG concentrations were significantly and positively associated with PM2.5 mass, PAHs, and metals, but not polar organic species, measured at the worksite. Our findings provide direct evidence in humans that PM compositions are important in increasing oxidative stress burdens. Our results support that PAHs and metals are biologically active constituents of PM2.5 with regards to the induction of oxidative DNA damages in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Liu Q, Cao J, Li KQ, Miao XH, Li G, Fan FY, Zhao YC. Chromosomal aberrations and DNA damage in human populations exposed to the processing of electronics waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2009; 16:329-338. [PMID: 19067011 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-008-0087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE It has been known that the pollutants of electronic wastes (E-wastes) can lead to severe pollution to the environment. It has been reported that about 50% to 80% of E-wastes from developed countries are exported to Asia and Africa. It has become a major global environmental problem to deal with 'E-wastes'. E-waste recycling has remained primitive in Jinghai, China. This not only produces enormous environmental pollution but also can bring about toxic or genotoxic effects on the human body, threatening the health of both current residents and future generations living in the local environment. The concentration of lead in the blood of children in the E-waste polluted area in China is higher than that of the control area. But little is known about the cytogenetic effect to human beings caused by the pollution of E-wastes. In the present study, experiments have been performed to investigate the genetics of permanent residents of three villages with numerous E-waste disposal sites and to analyze the harmful effects of exposure to E-wastes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 171 villagers (exposed group) were randomly selected from permanent residents of three villages located in Jinghai County of Tianjin, China, where there has been massive disposal of E-wastes. Thirty villagers were selected from the neighboring towns without E-waste disposal sites to serve as controls. Chromosomal aberrations and cytokinesis blocking micronucleus were performed to detect the cytogenetic effect, dic + r (dicentric and ring chromosome), monomer, fragments (acentric fragments, minute chromosomes, and acentric rings), translocation, satellite, quadriradial, total aberrations, and micronuclear rate were scored for each subject. DNA damage was detected using comet assay; the DNA percentage in the comet tail (TDNA%), tail moment (TM), and Olive tail moment (OTM) were recorded to describe DNA damage to lymphocytes. RESULTS The total chromosome aberration rates (5.50%) and micronuclear rates (16.99%) of the exposure group were significantly higher than in the control group (P = 0.000). The percentage of DNA in the comet tail, tail moment, and Olive tail moment detected by comet assay showed that there was a significant difference in DNA damage in the exposure group (P = 0.000). The chromosome aberration, micronucleus rate, and DNA damage observed in women were significantly higher than those in men. Chromosome aberration and micronuclear rates of both smokers and non-smokers in the exposure group are obviously higher than that in the control group (P = 0.000). DISCUSSION The use of outdated (and unsafe) ways to deal with E-wastes can lead to exposure to a variety of substances harmful to human health. The components of pollution may enter the human body through the air, drinking water, and food chain to damage human genetic material, resulting in genomic instability. The rates of chromosomal aberration, micronucleus formation, and the degree of DNA damage in women in the group exposed to electronic waste were significantly higher than in men. The reason for this may be concerned with the traditional lifestyle of the local residents or the difference of sensitivity to the exposure to E-wastes or any others. Further investigations are needed to provide evidence to demonstrate this. CONCLUSIONS Here, we report the obviously cytogenetic toxicity to the exposure population by the E-waste pollution for the first time. E-waste pollution may be a potential agent of genetic mutation, and may induce cytogenetic damage within the general population exposed to the pollution. These findings need to be considered, and steps should be taken to protect the current population and future generations from the effects of pollution with E-wastes. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES The above results remind us that the impact of E-waste recycling on environmental quality of Jinghai should be evaluated soon. Moreover, it is urgent for the government to prohibit E-waste import and its processing by outdated ways. The future studies such as pollutant details of drinking water, air, and soil in the area as well as epidemiological investigations on the harmful effect to children must be performed eagerly. All the data available do provide a compelling case for immediate action in both countries to address workplace health and safety and waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, 238, Baidi Road, 300192, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Association of hOGG1 genotype with life style and oxidative DNA damage among Chinese ethnic populations. Arch Toxicol 2009; 83:663-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-009-0421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Limón-Pacheco J, Gonsebatt ME. The role of antioxidants and antioxidant-related enzymes in protective responses to environmentally induced oxidative stress. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2009; 674:137-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Hong YC, Park EY, Park MS, Ko JA, Oh SY, Kim H, Lee KH, Leem JH, Ha EH. Community level exposure to chemicals and oxidative stress in adult population. Toxicol Lett 2009; 184:139-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Migliore L, Coppedè F. Environmental-induced oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders and aging. Mutat Res 2008; 674:73-84. [PMID: 18952194 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aetiology of most neurodegenerative disorders is multifactorial and consists of an interaction between environmental factors and genetic predisposition. Free radicals derived primarily from molecular oxygen have been implicated and considered as associated risk factors for a variety of human disorders including neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Damage to tissue biomolecules, including lipids, proteins and DNA, by free radicals is postulated to contribute importantly to the pathophysiology of oxidative stress. The potential of environmental exposure to metals, air pollution and pesticides as well as diet as risk factors via the induction of oxidative stress for neurodegenerative diseases and aging is discussed. The role of genetic background is discussed on the light of the oxidative stress implication, focusing on both complex neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and monogenic neurological disorders (Huntington's disease, Ataxia telangiectasia, Friedreich Ataxia and others). Emphasis is given to role of the repair mechanisms of oxidative DNA damage in delaying aging and protecting against neurodegeneration. The emerging interplay between environmental-induced oxidative stress and epigenetic modifications of critical genes for neurodegeneration is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Migliore
- Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, University of Pisa, Faculty of Medicine, Via S. Giuseppe 22, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Møller P, Folkmann JK, Forchhammer L, Bräuner EV, Danielsen PH, Risom L, Loft S. Air pollution, oxidative damage to DNA, and carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 2008; 266:84-97. [PMID: 18367322 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is growing concern that air pollution exposure increases the risk of lung cancer. The mechanism of action is related to particle-induced oxidative stress and oxidation of DNA. Humans exposed to urban air with vehicle emissions have elevated levels of oxidized guanine bases in blood cells and urine. Animal experimental studies show that pulmonary and gastrointestinal exposure is associated with elevated levels of oxidized guanines in the lung and other organs. Collectively, there is evidence indicating that exposure to traffic-related air pollution particles is associated with oxidative damage to DNA and this might be associated with increased risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Oster Farimagsgade 5, Build 5, 2nd Floor, P.O. 2099, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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Pesch B, Kappler M, Straif K, Marczynski B, Preuss R, Rossbach B, Rihs HP, Weiss T, Rabstein S, Pierl C, Scherenberg M, Adams A, Käfferlein HU, Angerer J, Wilhelm M, Seidel A, Brüning T. Dose-Response Modeling of Occupational Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16:1863-73. [PMID: 17855707 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In regulatory toxicology, the dose-response relationship between occupational exposure and biomarkers is of importance in setting threshold values. We analyzed the relationships between occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and various biomarkers of internal exposure and DNA damage with data from 284 highly exposed male workers. Personal exposure to phenanthrene and other PAHs was measured during shift and correlated with the sum of 1-, 2+9-, 3-, and 4-hydroxyphenanthrenes in post-shift urine. PAHs and hydroxyphenanthrenes were associated with DNA damage assessed in WBC as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine/10(6) dGuo and strand breaks by Comet assay as Olive tail moment. Hydroxyphenanthrenes correlated with phenanthrene (Spearman r(s) = 0.70; P < 0.0001). No correlations could be found between strand breaks and exposure (r(s) = 0.01, P < 0.0001 for PAHs; r(s) = -0.03, P = 0.68 for hydroxyphenanthrenes). Correlations with 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine/10(6) dGuo were weakly negative (r(s) = -0.22, P = 0.004 for PAHs) or flat (r(s) = -0.08, P = 0.31 for hydroxyphenanthrenes). Linear splines were applied to assess the relationships between the log-transformed variables. All regression models were adjusted for smoking and type of industry. For hydroxyphenanthrenes, 51.7% of the variance could be explained by phenanthrene and other predictors. Up to 0.77 microg/m(3) phenanthrene, no association could be found with hydroxyphenanthrenes. Above that point, hydroxyphenanthrenes increased by a factor of 1.47 under a doubling of phenanthrene exposure (slope, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.47-0.64). Hydroxyphenanthrenes may be recommended as biomarker of occupational PAH exposure, whereas biomarkers of DNA damage in blood did not show a dose-response relation to PAH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Pesch
- BGFA Forschungsinstitut für Arbeitsmedizin der Deatschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
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Garte S, Taioli E, Raimondi S, Paracchini V, Binkova B, Sram RJ, Kalina I, Popov TA, Singh R, Farmer PB. Effects of metabolic genotypes on intermediary biomarkers in subjects exposed to PAHS: results from the EXPAH study. Mutat Res 2007; 620:7-15. [PMID: 17403528 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Data from the EXPAH project on PAH exposure and intermediary biomarkers were analyzed with respect to individual genotypes at seven metabolic gene loci. The GSTM1 null allele was associated with significantly higher levels of two biomarkers, malondialdehyde-2'-deoxyguanosine and benzo[a]pyrene DNA adducts in the total population from three Central and Eastern European countries. The CYP1B1 Leu/Val variant demonstrated effects on both markers of oxidative DNA damage in opposite directions, producing a higher level of M(1)dG with a trend from wild type (Leu/Leu) to heterozygotes to homozygous (Val/Val) variants, whereas the effects of these variants were reversed for 8-oxodG. Cluster Analysis was used to group composite genotypes in order to determine if combined genotypes of multiple loci could explain some of the variation seen with the biomarkers, expressed per unit of exposure, referred to as a sensitivity index. This analysis revealed two closely related genotypes each involving four of the loci (GSTM1*0/*0, CYP1A1*1*1, CYP1B1*1/*2, GSTP1*1/*1 and GSTT1*0/*0, CYP1A1*1*1, CYP1B1*1/*2, GSTP1*1/*1.) that conferred significant resistance to the DNA damaging effects of benzo[a]pyrene, measured as the level of a benzo[a]pyrene-like adduct per unit of benzo[a]pyrene exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seymour Garte
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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