1
|
Kumar R, Sharma AK, Kirti, Kalonia A, Shaw P, Yashvarddhan MH, Vibhuti A, Shukla SK. Understanding innate and adaptive responses during radiation combined burn injuries. Int Rev Immunol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39262163 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2024.2402023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence of incidents involving radiation-combined burn injuries (RCBI) poses a significant risk to public health. Understanding the immunological and physiological responses associated with such injuries is crucial for developing care triage to counter the mortality that occurs due to the synergistic effects of radiation and burn injuries. The core focus of this narrative review lies in unraveling the immune response against RCBI. Langerhans cells, mast cells, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts, which induce innate immunity, have been explored for their response to radiation, burns, and combined injuries. In the case of adaptive immune response, exploring behavioral changes in T regulatory (Treg) cells, T helper cells (Th1, Th2, and Th17), and immunoglobulin results in delayed healing compared to burn and radiation injury. The review also includes the function of complement system components such as neutrophils, acute phase proteins (CRP, C3, and C5), and cytokines for their role in RCBI. Combined insults resulting in a reduction in the cell population of immune cells display variation in response based on radiation doses, burn injury types, and their intrinsic radiosensitivity. The lack of approved countermeasures against RCBI poses a significant challenge. Drug repurposing might help to balance immune cell alteration, resulting in fast recovery and decreasing mortality, which gives it clinical significance for its implication on the site of such incidence. However, the exact immune response in RCBI remains insufficiently explored in pre-clinical and clinical stages, which might be due to the non-availability of in vitro models, standard animal models, or human subjects, warranting further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishav Kumar
- Radiation Combined Injuries Research Department, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research Development Organization, Timarpur, Delhi, India
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, Sonepat, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Sharma
- Radiation Combined Injuries Research Department, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research Development Organization, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Kirti
- Radiation Combined Injuries Research Department, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research Development Organization, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Aman Kalonia
- Radiation Combined Injuries Research Department, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research Development Organization, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Shaw
- Radiation Combined Injuries Research Department, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research Development Organization, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - M H Yashvarddhan
- Radiation Combined Injuries Research Department, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research Development Organization, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Arpana Vibhuti
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, Sonepat, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Shukla
- Radiation Combined Injuries Research Department, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research Development Organization, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hussien SM, Rashed ER. Immune system modulation by low-dose ionizing radiation-induced adaptive response. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2023; 37:3946320231172080. [PMID: 37075331 PMCID: PMC10127215 DOI: 10.1177/03946320231172080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hormesis or low-dose ionizing radiation is known to induce various biological responses, a subcategory of which is the adaptive response, which has been reported to protect against higher radiation doses via multiple mechanisms. This study investigated the role of the cell-mediated immunological component of low-dose ionizing radiation-induced adaptive response. METHODS Herein, male albino rats were exposed to whole-body gamma radiation, using a Cs137 source with low-dose ionizing radiation doses of 0.25 and 0.5 Gray (Gy); 14 days later, another irradiation session at a dose level of 5 Gy was carried on. Four days post-irradiation at 5 Gy, rats were sacrificed. The low-dose ionizing radiation-induced immuno-radiological response has been assessed through the T-cell receptor (TCR) gene expression quantification. Also, the serum levels of each of interleukins-2 and -10 (IL-2, IL-10), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were quantified. RESULTS Results indicated that priming low irradiation doses resulted in significant decrements in TCR gene expression and the serum levels of IL-2, TGF-β, and 8-OHdG with an increment in IL-10 expression compared to the irradiated group, which did not receive low priming doses. CONCLUSION The observed low-dose ionizing radiation-induced radio-adaptive response significantly protected against high irradiation dose injuries, through immune suppression, representing a promising pre-clinical protocol that would be applied to minimize radiotherapy side effects on normal but not against the tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soha M Hussien
- Department of Radiation Safety, Nuclear and Radiological Safety Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy R Rashed
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hussien SM. Cellular and Molecular Detection of Multi-doses of Ionizing Radiation-Induced Immunomodulatory Response. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:887-894. [PMID: 34224072 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is used in a wide range of clinical applications. The study aims to evaluate various IR doses for their immunomodulatory responses, which can be used in multiple immunological conditions. Forty rats were exposed to whole-body gamma rays of 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 Gray (Gy). T-cell receptor (TCR) gene expression, serum transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and nitric oxide levels were measured on days 1 and 4 post irradiation. TCR activation occurred only at the genetic level, and radiation raised all measured parameters, even at low doses at α = 0.05 (P < 0.05). Except for IL-10, it shows a nearly 6% (P < 0.05) rise in early response in irradiated groups up to 0.5 Gy. At lower doses, the indirect impacts of IR were as essential as the direct impacts, and they increased over time in most measured parameters due to endogenous releases. They were having an anti-proliferative effect on the immune system. Lastly, a single acute IR dose can raise anti-inflammatory cytokines and anti-proliferative effects in the immune system, avoiding various contraindications associated with immunomodulatory drugs. More information on safety and clinical relevance is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soha M Hussien
- Immunology lecturer, Radiation Safety Department, National Center for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Control, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority/ Egyptian Nuclear and Radiological Regulatory Authority, 3 Ahmed Elzomor Str., 11762, P.O. Box 7551, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lumniczky K, Impens N, Armengol G, Candéias S, Georgakilas AG, Hornhardt S, Martin OA, Rödel F, Schaue D. Low dose ionizing radiation effects on the immune system. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 149:106212. [PMID: 33293042 PMCID: PMC8784945 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation interacts with the immune system in many ways with a multiplicity that mirrors the complexity of the immune system itself: namely the need to maintain a delicate balance between different compartments, cells and soluble factors that work collectively to protect, maintain, and restore tissue function in the face of severe challenges including radiation damage. The cytotoxic effects of high dose radiation are less relevant after low dose exposure, where subtle quantitative and functional effects predominate that may go unnoticed until late after exposure or after a second challenge reveals or exacerbates the effects. For example, low doses may permanently alter immune fitness and therefore accelerate immune senescence and pave the way for a wide spectrum of possible pathophysiological events, including early-onset of age-related degenerative disorders and cancer. By contrast, the so called low dose radiation therapy displays beneficial, anti-inflammatory and pain relieving properties in chronic inflammatory and degenerative diseases. In this review, epidemiological, clinical and experimental data regarding the effects of low-dose radiation on the homeostasis and functional integrity of immune cells will be discussed, as will be the role of immune-mediated mechanisms in the systemic manifestation of localized exposures such as inflammatory reactions. The central conclusion is that ionizing radiation fundamentally and durably reshapes the immune system. Further, the importance of discovery of immunological pathways for modifying radiation resilience amongst other research directions in this field is implied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Lumniczky
- National Public Health Centre, Department of Radiation Medicine, Budapest, Albert Florian u. 2-6, 1097, Hungary.
| | - Nathalie Impens
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Biosciences Expert Group, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Gemma Armengol
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Serge Candéias
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Sabine Hornhardt
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Ingolstaedter Landstr.1, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany.
| | - Olga A Martin
- Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Franz Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Dörthe Schaue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095-1714, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Less Can Be More: The Hormesis Theory of Stress Adaptation in the Global Biosphere and Its Implications. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030293. [PMID: 33805626 PMCID: PMC8000639 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A dose-response relationship to stressors, according to the hormesis theory, is characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. It is non-linear with a low-dose optimum. Stress responses by cells lead to adapted vitality and fitness. Physical stress can be exerted through heat, radiation, or physical exercise. Chemical stressors include reactive species from oxygen (ROS), nitrogen (RNS), and carbon (RCS), carcinogens, elements, such as lithium (Li) and silicon (Si), and metals, such as silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb). Anthropogenic chemicals are agrochemicals (phytotoxins, herbicides), industrial chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. Biochemical stress can be exerted through toxins, medical drugs (e.g., cytostatics, psychopharmaceuticals, non-steroidal inhibitors of inflammation), and through fasting (dietary restriction). Key-lock interactions between enzymes and substrates, antigens and antibodies, antigen-presenting cells, and cognate T cells are the basics of biology, biochemistry, and immunology. Their rules do not obey linear dose-response relationships. The review provides examples of biologic stressors: oncolytic viruses (e.g., immuno-virotherapy of cancer) and hormones (e.g., melatonin, stress hormones). Molecular mechanisms of cellular stress adaptation involve the protein quality control system (PQS) and homeostasis of proteasome, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. Important components are transcription factors (e.g., Nrf2), micro-RNAs, heat shock proteins, ionic calcium, and enzymes (e.g., glutathion redox enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, and DNA repair enzymes). Cellular growth control, intercellular communication, and resistance to stress from microbial infections involve growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, interferons, and their respective receptors. The effects of hormesis during evolution are multifarious: cell protection and survival, evolutionary flexibility, and epigenetic memory. According to the hormesis theory, this is true for the entire biosphere, e.g., archaia, bacteria, fungi, plants, and the animal kingdoms.
Collapse
|
6
|
Low-dose radiation therapy: a treatment for pneumonia resulting from COVID-19. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396920001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly throughout the world. Lung is the primary organ which the COVID-19 virus affects and leads to pneumonia, an acute respiratory distress syndrome. COVID-19 infects the lower respiratory system, and the lung’s response to this infection is recruiting macrophages and monocytes leading to inflammation, this response causes widespread damage to the lung’s airways.
Aim:
The purpose of this study is to review studies of using low-dose radiation as a treatment for the inflammation of the tissue and pneumonia resulting from COVID-19. These studies were compared with the risk of developing lung cancer during performed dose for the treatment of COVID-19 in radiation therapy.
Materials and methods:
Our study focused on in vitro, in vivo and clinical reports of using low-dose radiation for the treatment of inflammation, pneumonia and COVID-19. The risk of lung cancer resulting from suggested dose in these studies was also evaluated.
Conclusion:
From the review of articles, we have found that low-dose radiation can lead to improvement in inflammation in different line cells and animals; in addition, it has been effective in treating inflammation and pneumonia caused by COVID-19 in human up to 80%. Since suggested doses do not remarkably increase the lung cancer risk, low-dose radiation can be an adjuvant treatment for COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
|
7
|
Silveira DA, Ribeiro FM, Simão ÉM, Mattos VLD, Góes EG. Expression of genes and pathways associated with the B7-CD28 superfamily in response to irradiation of blood cells using 137Cs. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 97:149-155. [PMID: 33253600 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1857454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE DNA damage is one of the main consequences of exposure to ionizing irradiation (IR). Recent studies indicate that IR can modulate the expression of immune system-related genes. However, the effects of IR on the expression of genes and pathways of the B7-CD28 superfamily remain poorly defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the modulation of genes and pathways related to the B7-CD28 superfamily in response to IR. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we used transcriptome data available from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to investigate the modulation of the response of genes and pathways of samples of human peripheral blood irradiated with doses of 150, 300, and 600 cGy. The data were obtained at 6 and 24 h after irradiation. The relationship between genes and pathways was established through the Reactome database. The behavior of these pathways was analyzed using mathematical methods based on relative activity and diversity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by multiple comparisons tests (Bonferroni and Tamhanes) was used to identify differentially expressed genes. Data on transcriptomes were analyzed through ViaComplex V.1.0 and IBM SPSS Statistics 22. RESULTS For the pathways investigated in this study, we observed that the effects produced by these doses significantly modified the behavior of five pathways associated with the immune system. Also, the dose of 300 cGy might trigger signaling for the activation of T cells through the negative regulation (p < .05) of the co-inhibitory PDCD1LG2 gene. Positive regulation caused by 300 cGy (p < .05) of the CD80 receptor was observed by us, which might be related to a stimulatory signal. According to our findings, this dose induced the production of cytokines and genes that are associated with the activation and differentiation of T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the irradiation modulated the organization of the biological system, suggesting that 300 cGy is more efficient in activating the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daner A Silveira
- Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Ribeiro
- Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Éder M Simão
- Nanoscience Graduate Program, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Viviane L D Mattos
- Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Evamberto G Góes
- Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou Z, Zhao J, Hu K, Hou X, Sun X, Pan X, Wang X, Li N, Yang Z, Zhang F, Zhou Q, Zhan L. Single High-Dose Radiation Enhances Dendritic Cell Homing and T Cell Priming by Promoting Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Cytoskeletal Reorganization. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 109:95-108. [PMID: 32763455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation therapy (RT) affects tumor-infiltrating immune cells, cooperatively driving tumor growth inhibition. However, there is still no absolute consensus on whether the homing ability of dendritic cells (DCs) is affected by direct x-ray irradiation. Most importantly, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. METHODS AND MATERIALS Using noninvasive imaging, we systematically examined the dose effect of RT on the in vivo homing and distribution of bone marrow-derived DCs and elucidated the detailed mechanisms underlying these events. After exposure to 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy, DCs were analyzed for maturation, in vivo homing ability, and T cell priming. RESULTS At ranges of 2 to 20 Gy, irradiation did not cause direct cellular apoptosis or necrosis, but it induced mitochondrial damage in DCs independent of dose. In addition, upregulation of CD40, CD80, CD86, CXCR4, and CCR7 were detected on irradiated DCs. Secretion of IL-1β and IL-12p70 remained unchanged, whereas decreased secretion of IL-6 and promotion of tumor necrosis factor α secretion were observed. In particular, the homing ability of both the local residual and blood circulating DCs to lymphoid tissues was significantly higher in groups that received ≥5 Gy radiation than in the group that received 2 Gy. Furthermore, improved homing ability was associated with rearrangement of the cytoskeleton, which was regulated by reactive oxygen species accumulation through the RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway. Finally, more robust T cell activation was observed in mice inoculated with 20 Gy-treated DCs than in those inoculated with 2 Gy-irradiated DCs, and T cell activation also correlated with reactive oxygen species production. CONCLUSIONS An RT dose ≥5 Gy has distinct advantages over 2 Gy in facilitating DC homing to lymph nodes and cross-priming T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiansong Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linsheng Zhan
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Morrissey ME, Byrne R, Nulty C, McCabe NH, Lynam-Lennon N, Butler CT, Kennedy S, O'Toole D, Larkin J, McCormick P, Mehigan B, Cathcart MC, Lysaght J, Reynolds JV, Ryan EJ, Dunne MR, O'Sullivan J. The tumour microenvironment of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract differentially influences dendritic cell maturation. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:566. [PMID: 32552799 PMCID: PMC7302160 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Only 10–30% of oesophageal and rectal adenocarcinoma patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy have a complete pathological response. Inflammatory and angiogenic mediators in the tumour microenvironment (TME) may enable evasion of anti-tumour immune responses. Methods The TME influence on infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs) was modelled by treating immature monocyte-derived DCs with Tumour Conditioned Media (TCM) from distinct gastrointestinal sites, prior to LPS-induced maturation. Results Cell line conditioned media from gastrointestinal cell lines inhibited LPS-induced DC markers and TNF-α secretion. TCM generated from human tumour biopsies from oesophageal, rectal and colonic adenocarcinoma induced different effects on LPS-induced DC markers - CD54, CD80, HLA-DR, CD86 and CD83 were enhanced by oesophageal cancer; CD80, CD86 and CD83 were enhanced by rectal cancer, whereas CD54, HLA-DR, CD86, CD83 and PD-L1 were inhibited by colonic cancer. Notably, TCM from all GI cancer types inhibited TNF-α secretion. Additionally, TCM from irradiated biopsies inhibited DC markers. Profiling the TCM showed that IL-2 levels positively correlated with maturation marker CD54, while Ang-2 and bFGF levels negatively correlated with CD54. Conclusion This study identifies that there are differences in DC maturational capacity induced by the TME of distinct gastrointestinal cancers. This could potentially have implications for anti-tumour immunity and response to radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Morrissey
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Róisín Byrne
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Celina Nulty
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Niamh H McCabe
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Clare T Butler
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Susan Kennedy
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Dermot O'Toole
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Mary-Clare Cathcart
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Oesophageal Unit, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth J Ryan
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, Education and Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Department of Biological Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Co., Limerick, Ireland
| | - Margaret R Dunne
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Blair TC, Bambina S, Alice AF, Kramer GF, Medler TR, Baird JR, Broz ML, Tormoen GW, Troesch V, Crittenden MR, Gough MJ. Dendritic Cell Maturation Defines Immunological Responsiveness of Tumors to Radiation Therapy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:3416-3424. [PMID: 32341058 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is capable of directing adaptive immune responses against tumors by stimulating the release of endogenous adjuvants and tumor-associated Ags. Within the tumor, conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) are uniquely positioned to respond to these signals, uptake exogenous tumor Ags, and migrate to the tumor draining lymph node to initiate cross-priming of tumor-reactive cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. In this study, we report that radiation therapy promotes the activation of intratumoral cDC1s in radioimmunogenic murine tumors, and this process fails to occur in poorly radioimmunogenic murine tumors. In poorly radioimmunogenic tumors, the adjuvant polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid overcomes this failure following radiation and successfully drives intratumoral cDC1 maturation, ultimately resulting in durable tumor cures. Depletion studies revealed that both cDC1 and CD8+ T cells are required for tumor regression following combination therapy. We further demonstrate that treatment with radiation and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid significantly expands the proportion of proliferating CD8+ T cells in the tumor with enhanced cytolytic potential and requires T cell migration from lymph nodes for therapeutic efficacy. Thus, we conclude that lack of endogenous adjuvant release or active suppression following radiation therapy may limit its efficacy in poorly radioimmunogenic tumors, and coadministration of exogenous adjuvants that promote cDC1 maturation and migration can overcome this limitation to improve tumor control following radiation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany C Blair
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Shelly Bambina
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR 97213
| | - Alejandro F Alice
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR 97213
| | - Gwen F Kramer
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR 97213
| | - Terry R Medler
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR 97213
| | - Jason R Baird
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR 97213
| | | | - Garth W Tormoen
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR 97213
| | - Victoria Troesch
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR 97213
| | - Marka R Crittenden
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR 97213.,The Oregon Clinic, Portland, OR 97213
| | - Michael J Gough
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR 97213;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rodriguez-Ruiz ME, Vitale I, Harrington KJ, Melero I, Galluzzi L. Immunological impact of cell death signaling driven by radiation on the tumor microenvironment. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:120-134. [PMID: 31873291 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic irradiation of the tumor microenvironment causes differential activation of pro-survival and pro-death pathways in malignant, stromal, endothelial and immune cells, hence causing a profound cellular and biological reconfiguration via multiple, non-redundant mechanisms. Such mechanisms include the selective elimination of particularly radiosensitive cell types and consequent loss of specific cellular functions, the local release of cytokines and danger signals by dying radiosensitive cells, and altered cytokine secretion by surviving radioresistant cells. Altogether, these processes create chemotactic and immunomodulatory cues for incoming and resident immune cells. Here we discuss how cytoprotective and cytotoxic signaling modules activated by radiation in specific cell populations reshape the immunological tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Esperanza Rodriguez-Ruiz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ilio Vitale
- IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Kevin J Harrington
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden Hospital/Institute of Cancer Research National Institute for Health Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Radiobiological Principles of Radiotherapy for Benign Diseases. Radiat Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-52619-5_133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
13
|
Heeran AB, Berrigan HP, O'Sullivan J. The Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect (RIBE) and its Connections with the Hallmarks of Cancer. Radiat Res 2019; 192:668-679. [PMID: 31618121 DOI: 10.1667/rr15489.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the pillars of cancer treatment, with approximately one half of all cancer patients receiving it as part of their standard of care. Emerging evidence indicates that the biological effects of radiation are not limited to targeted cells. The radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) refers to the plethora of biological phenomena occurring in nonirradiated cells as a result of signal transmission from an irradiated cell. Experimental evidence has linked RIBE to numerous hallmarks of cancer including resisting cell death, tumor immune evasion, genomic instability, deregulated cellular energetics, tumor-promoting inflammation and sustained proliferative signaling as well as enhanced radioresistance, thus highlighting the potential role of RIBE events in patient treatment response. The mechanisms underlying RIBE events in vivo are poorly understood. However, elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in their manifestation may reveal novel therapeutic targets to improve radiation response in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisling B Heeran
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Helen P Berrigan
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Puukila S, Muise S, McEvoy J, Bouchier T, Hooker AM, Boreham DR, Khaper N, Dixon DL. Acute pulmonary and splenic response in an in vivo model of whole-body low-dose X-radiation exposure. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1072-1084. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1625459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Puukila
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Stacy Muise
- Department of Medical Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - James McEvoy
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- Department of Medical Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Tara Bouchier
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Antony M. Hooker
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Douglas R. Boreham
- Department of Medical Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Medical Science, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury/Thunder Bay, Canada
- Integration Department, Bruce Power, Tiverton, Canada
| | - Neelam Khaper
- Department of Medical Science, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury/Thunder Bay, Canada
| | - Dani-Louise Dixon
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- Department of Medical Science, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury/Thunder Bay, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang S, Yu H, He R, Song X, Chen S, Yu N, Li W, Li F, Jiang Q. Exposure to Low-Dose Radiation Enhanced the Antitumor Effect of a Dendritic Cell Vaccine. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819832144. [PMID: 30828272 PMCID: PMC6388453 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819832144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The unsatisfactory clinical efficacy of dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccines prepared by conventional methods is partly due to their insufficient capacity for migration. Our previous study showed that exposure to low-dose radiation (LDR) at a dose of 0.2 Gy promoted DC migration in vitro. The present study further investigates whether exposure to LDR at a dose of 0.2 Gy during the DC vaccine preparation could increase the antitumor effect of DC vaccines derived from mouse bone marrow. Our results showed that the migratory capacities of DCs were significantly increased after exposure to LDR. Furthermore, exposure to LDR resulted in an increased ability of DCs to induce T-cell proliferation, and the cytotoxic effect of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) primed by the DCs exposed to LDR was significantly enhanced. An in vivo study using a mouse transplanted tumor model showed that subcutaneous injections of a DC vaccine exposed to LDR led to an increased mouse survival rate, infiltration of CTLs into tumor tissue, and apoptosis of tumor cells, which were accompanied by significant upregulation of serum interferon γ and interleukin 12. These results indicate that exposing DCs to LDR during the DC vaccine preparation is an effective approach to enhance its antitumor effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinian Wang
- Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Huijie Yu
- Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Rui He
- Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Xiujun Song
- Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China.,Huangsi Clinic of PLA Strategic Support Force, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Yu
- Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Fengsheng Li
- Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Qisheng Jiang
- Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
In Vivo Irradiation of Mice Induces Activation of Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082391. [PMID: 30110907 PMCID: PMC6121955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming clear that ionizing radiation positively influences certain immune parameters, which opens the possibility for combining radio- and immunotherapies in cancer treatment. The presence of functionally competent dendritic cells (DCs) is crucial in mounting a successful antitumor immune response. While it has been shown that DCs are relatively radioresistant, few and contradictory data are available on how ionizing radiation alters the functional integrity of these cells. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the effect of whole-body irradiation on the function of splenic DCs. C57Bl/6 mice were irradiated with 0.1, 0.25, and 2 Gy X-rays and changes in the phenotype of splenic DCs were compared to unirradiated controls. An increase was seen in DC surface markers influencing DC-T cell interactions. In vivo cytokine production was determined by direct intracellular cytokine staining. Irradiation with 2 Gy induced a 1.6-fold increase in IL-1α production, while the combination of irradiation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment induced a 3.9-fold increase, indicating a strong synergism between irradiation and LPS stimulation. Interaction of DCs with effector and regulatory T cells was investigated in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. While DCs from control animals induced stronger proliferation of regulatory T cells, DCs from animals irradiated with 2 Gy induced stronger proliferation of effector T cells. Antigen uptake and presentation was investigated by measuring the capacity of DCs to internalize and present ovalbumine (OVA)-derived peptides on their major histocompatibility complex (MHCI) molecules. Irradiation with 2 Gy did not influence antigen uptake or presentation, while low doses stimulated antigen uptake and reduced the level of antigen presentation. In conclusion, high-dose in vivo irradiation induced increased expression of T cell costimulatory markers, enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines and a stronger stimulation of effector T cell proliferation than that of regulatory T cells. However, it did not influence DC antigen uptake or presentation. On the other hand, low-dose irradiation increased antigen uptake and lowered antigen presentation of DCs, indicating that low- and high-dose irradiation act on different pathways in DCs.
Collapse
|
17
|
Martinez-Zubiaurre I, Chalmers AJ, Hellevik T. Radiation-Induced Transformation of Immunoregulatory Networks in the Tumor Stroma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1679. [PMID: 30105016 PMCID: PMC6077256 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of novel cancer immunotherapies in the form of immune checkpoint blockers represents a major advancement in the treatment of cancer, and has renewed enthusiasm for identifying new ways to induce antitumor immune responses in patients. Despite the proven efficacy of neutralizing antibodies that target immune checkpoints in some refractory cancers, many patients do not experience therapeutic benefit, possibly owing to a lack of antitumor immune recognition, or to the presence of dominant immunosuppressive mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent developments in this field have revealed that local radiotherapy (RT) can transform tumors into in situ vaccines, and may help to overcome some of the barriers to tumor-specific immune rejection. RT has the potential to ignite tumor immune recognition by generating immunogenic signals and releasing neoantigens, but the multiple immunosuppressive forces in the TME continue to represent important barriers to successful tumor rejection. In this article, we review the radiation-induced changes in the stromal compartments of tumors that could have an impact on tumor immune attack. Since different RT regimens are known to mediate strikingly different effects on the multifarious elements of the tumor stroma, special emphasis is given to different RT schedules, and the time after treatment at which the effects are measured. A better understanding of TME remodeling following specific RT regimens and the window of opportunity offered by RT will enable optimization of the design of novel treatment combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inigo Martinez-Zubiaurre
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Turid Hellevik
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kajimura J, Lynch HE, Geyer S, French B, Yamaoka M, Shterev ID, Sempowski GD, Kyoizumi S, Yoshida K, Misumi M, Ohishi W, Hayashi T, Nakachi K, Kusunoki Y. Radiation- and Age-Associated Changes in Peripheral Blood Dendritic Cell Populations among Aging Atomic Bomb Survivors in Japan. Radiat Res 2018; 189:84-94. [PMID: 29324175 PMCID: PMC10949854 DOI: 10.1667/rr4854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Previous immunological studies in atomic bomb survivors have suggested that radiation exposure leads to long-lasting changes, similar to immunological aging observed in T-cell-adaptive immunity. However, to our knowledge, late effects of radiation on dendritic cells (DCs), the key coordinators for activation and differentiation of T cells, have not yet been investigated in humans. In the current study, we hypothesized that numerical and functional decreases would be observed in relationship to radiation dose in circulating conventional DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) among 229 Japanese A-bomb survivors. Overall, the evidence did not support this hypothesis, with no overall changes in DCs or functional changes observed with radiation dose. Multivariable regression analysis for radiation dose, age and gender effects revealed that total DC counts as well as subpopulation counts decreased in relationship to increasing age. Further analyses revealed that in women, absolute numbers of pDCs showed significant decreases with radiation dose. A hierarchical clustering analysis of gene expression profiles in DCs after Toll-like receptor stimulation in vitro identified two clusters of participants that differed in age-associated expression levels of genes involved in antigen presentation and cytokine/chemokine production in cDCs. These results suggest that DC counts decrease and expression levels of gene clusters change with age. More than 60 years after radiation exposure, we also observed changes in pDC counts associated with radiation, but only among women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather E. Lynch
- Duke Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Susan Geyer
- Health Informatics Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Benjamin French
- Statistics, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mika Yamaoka
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ivo D. Shterev
- Duke Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gregory D. Sempowski
- Duke Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Kengo Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Munechika Misumi
- Statistics, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Waka Ohishi
- Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Kei Nakachi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Irradiation Enhances Abscopal Anti-tumor Effects of Antigen-Specific Immunotherapy through Regulating Tumor Microenvironment. Mol Ther 2017; 26:404-419. [PMID: 29248428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation therapy is a well-established method of eradicating locally advanced tumors. Here, we examined whether local RT enhanced the potency of an antigen-specific DNA vaccine, and we investigated the possible underlying mechanism. Using the HPV16 E6/E7+ syngeneic TC-1 tumor, we evaluated the combination of CTGF/E7 vaccination with local irradiation with regard to synergistic antigen-specific immunity and anti-tumor effects. Tumor-bearing mice treated with local RT (6 Gy twice weekly) and CTGF/E7 DNA vaccination exhibited dramatically increased numbers of E7-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cell precursors, higher titers of anti-E7 Abs, and significantly reduced tumor size. The combination of local RT and CTGF/E7 vaccination also elicited abscopal effects on non-irradiated local subcutaneous and distant pulmonary metastatic tumors. Local irradiation induced the expression of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB-1) in apoptotic tumor cells and stimulated dendritic cell (DC) maturation, consequently inducing antigen-specific immune responses. Additionally, local irradiation eventually increased the effector-to-suppressor cell ratio in the tumor microenvironment. Overall, local irradiation enhanced the antigen-specific immunity and anti-tumor effects on local and distant metastatic tumors generated by an antigen-specific DNA vaccine. These findings suggest that the combination of irradiation with antigen-specific immunotherapy is a promising new clinical strategy for cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu Q, Allouch A, Martins I, Brenner C, Modjtahedi N, Deutsch E, Perfettini JL. Modulating Both Tumor Cell Death and Innate Immunity Is Essential for Improving Radiation Therapy Effectiveness. Front Immunol 2017; 8:613. [PMID: 28603525 PMCID: PMC5445662 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the cornerstones of cancer treatment. In tumor cells, exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) provokes DNA damages that trigger various forms of cell death such as apoptosis, necrosis, autophagic cell death, and mitotic catastrophe. IR can also induce cellular senescence that could serve as an additional antitumor barrier in a context-dependent manner. Moreover, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that IR interacts profoundly with tumor-infiltrating immune cells, which cooperatively drive treatment outcomes. Recent preclinical and clinical successes due to the combination of radiation therapy and immune checkpoint blockade have underscored the need for a better understanding of the interplay between radiation therapy and the immune system. In this review, we will present an overview of cell death modalities induced by IR, summarize the immunogenic properties of irradiated cancer cells, and discuss the biological consequences of IR on innate immune cell functions, with a particular attention on dendritic cells, macrophages, and NK cells. Finally, we will discuss their potential applications in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuji Wu
- Cell Death and Aging Team, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy, INSERM U1030, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Awatef Allouch
- Cell Death and Aging Team, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy, INSERM U1030, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Martins
- Cell Death and Aging Team, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy, INSERM U1030, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Catherine Brenner
- Laboratory of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, INSERM UMR-S 1180, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nazanine Modjtahedi
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy, INSERM U1030, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Deutsch
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy, INSERM U1030, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Luc Perfettini
- Cell Death and Aging Team, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy, INSERM U1030, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cui J, Yang G, Pan Z, Zhao Y, Liang X, Li W, Cai L. Hormetic Response to Low-Dose Radiation: Focus on the Immune System and Its Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020280. [PMID: 28134809 PMCID: PMC5343816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interrelationship between ionizing radiation and the immune system is complex, multifactorial, and dependent on radiation dose/quality and immune cell type. High-dose radiation usually results in immune suppression. On the contrary, low-dose radiation (LDR) modulates a variety of immune responses that have exhibited the properties of immune hormesis. Although the underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood yet, LDR has been used clinically for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and malignant tumors. These advancements in preclinical and clinical studies suggest that LDR-mediated immune modulation is a well-orchestrated phenomenon with clinical potential. We summarize recent developments in the understanding of LDR-mediated immune modulation, with an emphasis on its potential clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Guozi Yang
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zhenyu Pan
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Xinyue Liang
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
- The Pediatric Research Institute, the Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology of the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Correlation between infectious disease and soil radiation in Japan: an exploratory study using national sentinel surveillance data. Epidemiol Infect 2017; 145:1183-1192. [PMID: 28091341 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268816003034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between epidemics and soil radiation through an exploratory study using sentinel surveillance data (individuals aged <20 years) during the last three epidemic seasons of influenza and norovirus in Japan. We used a spatial analysis method of a geographical information system (GIS). We mapped the epidemic spreading patterns from sentinel incidence rates. We calculated the average soil radiation [dm (μGy/h)] for each sentinel site using data on uranium, thorium, and potassium oxide in the soil and examined the incidence rate in units of 0·01 μGy/h. The correlations between the incidence rate and the average soil radiation were assessed. Epidemic clusters of influenza and norovirus infections were observed in areas with relatively high radiation exposure. A positive correlation was detected between the average incidence rate and radiation dose, at r = 0·61-0·84 (P < 0·01) for influenza infections and r = 0·61-0·72 (P < 0·01) for norovirus infections. An increase in the incidence rate was found between areas with radiation exposure of 0 < dm < 0·01 and 0·15 ⩽ dm < 0·16, at 1·80 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·47-2·12] times higher for influenza infection and 2·07 (95% CI 1·53-2·61) times higher for norovirus infection. Our results suggest a potential association between decreased immunity and irradiation because of soil radiation. Further studies on immunity in these epidemic-prone areas are desirable.
Collapse
|
23
|
Sridharan DM, Asaithamby A, Blattnig SR, Costes SV, Doetsch PW, Dynan WS, Hahnfeldt P, Hlatky L, Kidane Y, Kronenberg A, Naidu MD, Peterson LE, Plante I, Ponomarev AL, Saha J, Snijders AM, Srinivasan K, Tang J, Werner E, Pluth JM. Evaluating biomarkers to model cancer risk post cosmic ray exposure. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2016; 9:19-47. [PMID: 27345199 PMCID: PMC5613937 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Robust predictive models are essential to manage the risk of radiation-induced carcinogenesis. Chronic exposure to cosmic rays in the context of the complex deep space environment may place astronauts at high cancer risk. To estimate this risk, it is critical to understand how radiation-induced cellular stress impacts cell fate decisions and how this in turn alters the risk of carcinogenesis. Exposure to the heavy ion component of cosmic rays triggers a multitude of cellular changes, depending on the rate of exposure, the type of damage incurred and individual susceptibility. Heterogeneity in dose, dose rate, radiation quality, energy and particle flux contribute to the complexity of risk assessment. To unravel the impact of each of these factors, it is critical to identify sensitive biomarkers that can serve as inputs for robust modeling of individual risk of cancer or other long-term health consequences of exposure. Limitations in sensitivity of biomarkers to dose and dose rate, and the complexity of longitudinal monitoring, are some of the factors that increase uncertainties in the output from risk prediction models. Here, we critically evaluate candidate early and late biomarkers of radiation exposure and discuss their usefulness in predicting cell fate decisions. Some of the biomarkers we have reviewed include complex clustered DNA damage, persistent DNA repair foci, reactive oxygen species, chromosome aberrations and inflammation. Other biomarkers discussed, often assayed for at longer points post exposure, include mutations, chromosome aberrations, reactive oxygen species and telomere length changes. We discuss the relationship of biomarkers to different potential cell fates, including proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, and loss of stemness, which can propagate genomic instability and alter tissue composition and the underlying mRNA signatures that contribute to cell fate decisions. Our goal is to highlight factors that are important in choosing biomarkers and to evaluate the potential for biomarkers to inform models of post exposure cancer risk. Because cellular stress response pathways to space radiation and environmental carcinogens share common nodes, biomarker-driven risk models may be broadly applicable for estimating risks for other carcinogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steve R Blattnig
- Langley Research Center, Langley Research Center (LaRC), VA, United States
| | - Sylvain V Costes
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Lynn Hlatky
- CCSB-Tufts School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yared Kidane
- Wyle Science, Technology & Engineering Group, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amy Kronenberg
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Mamta D Naidu
- CCSB-Tufts School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Leif E Peterson
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ianik Plante
- Wyle Science, Technology & Engineering Group, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Artem L Ponomarev
- Wyle Science, Technology & Engineering Group, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Janapriya Saha
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Jonathan Tang
- Exogen Biotechnology, Inc., Berkeley, CA, United States
| | | | - Janice M Pluth
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kareva I, Berezovskaya F. Cancer immunoediting: A process driven by metabolic competition as a predator-prey-shared resource type model. J Theor Biol 2015; 380:463-72. [PMID: 26116366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It is a well-established fact that tumors up-regulate glucose consumption to meet increasing demands for rapidly available energy by upregulating a purely glycolytic mode of glucose metabolism. What is often neglected is that activated cytotoxic cells of the immune system, integral players in the carcinogenesis process, also come to rely on glycolysis as a primary mode of glucose metabolism. Moreover, while cancer cells can revert back to aerobic metabolism, rapidly proliferating cytotoxic lymphocytes are incapable of performing their function when adequate resources are lacking. Consequently, it is likely that in the tumor microenvironment there may exist competition for shared resources between cancer cells and the cells of the immune system, which may underlie much of tumor-immune dynamics. Proposed here is a model of tumor-immune-glucose interactions, formulated as a predator-prey-common resource type system. The outcome of these interactions ranges from tumor elimination, to tumor dormancy, to unrestrained tumor growth. It is also predicted that the process of tumor escape can be preceded by periods of oscillatory tumor growth. A detailed bifurcation analysis of three subsystems of the model suggest that oscillatory regimes are a result of competition for shared resource (glucose) between the predator (immune cells) and the prey (cancer cells). Existence of competition for nutrients between cancer and immune cells may provide additional mechanistic insight as to why the efficacy of many immunotherapies may be limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kareva
- Newman Lakka Institute, Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, United States.
| | - Faina Berezovskaya
- Department of Mathematics, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lee KF, Weng JTY, Hsu PWC, Chi YH, Chen CK, Liu IY, Chen YC, Wu LSH. Gene expression profiling of biological pathway alterations by radiation exposure. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:834087. [PMID: 25276823 PMCID: PMC4170887 DOI: 10.1155/2014/834087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Though damage caused by radiation has been the focus of rigorous research, the mechanisms through which radiation exerts harmful effects on cells are complex and not well-understood. In particular, the influence of low dose radiation exposure on the regulation of genes and pathways remains unclear. In an attempt to investigate the molecular alterations induced by varying doses of radiation, a genome-wide expression analysis was conducted. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from five participants and each sample was subjected to 0.5 Gy, 1 Gy, 2.5 Gy, and 5 Gy of cobalt 60 radiation, followed by array-based expression profiling. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that the immune system and cancer development pathways appeared to be the major affected targets by radiation exposure. Therefore, 1 Gy radioactive exposure seemed to be a critical threshold dosage. In fact, after 1 Gy radiation exposure, expression levels of several genes including FADD, TNFRSF10B, TNFRSF8, TNFRSF10A, TNFSF10, TNFSF8, CASP1, and CASP4 that are associated with carcinogenesis and metabolic disorders showed significant alterations. Our results suggest that exposure to low-dose radiation may elicit changes in metabolic and immune pathways, potentially increasing the risk of immune dysfunctions and metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Fang Lee
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics, Center for Genetic Counseling, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Julia Tzu-Ya Weng
- Innovation Center for Big Data and Digital Convergence, Yuan Ze University, Chungli 32003, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chungli 32003, Taiwan
| | - Paul Wei-Che Hsu
- Bioinformatics Core Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Chi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chungli 32003, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kai Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chungli 32003, Taiwan
| | - Ingrid Y. Liu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chen
- Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Spary LK, Al-Taei S, Salimu J, Cook AD, Ager A, Watson HA, Clayton A, Staffurth J, Mason MD, Tabi Z. Enhancement of T cell responses as a result of synergy between lower doses of radiation and T cell stimulation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:3101-10. [PMID: 24600032 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As a side effect of cancer radiotherapy, immune cells receive varying doses of radiation. Whereas high doses of radiation (>10 Gy) can lead to lymphopenia, lower radiation doses (2-4 Gy) represent a valid treatment option in some hematological cancers, triggering clinically relevant immunological changes. Based on our earlier observations, we hypothesized that lower radiation doses have a direct positive effect on T cells. In this study, we show that 0.6-2.4 Gy radiation enhances proliferation and IFN-γ production of PBMC or purified T cells induced by stimulation via the TCR. Radiation with 1.2 Gy also lowered T cell activation threshold and broadened the Th1 cytokine profile. Although radiation alone did not activate T cells, when followed by TCR stimulation, ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation increased above that induced by stimulation alone. These changes were followed by an early increase in glucose uptake. Naive (CD45RA(+)) or memory (CD45RA(-)) T cell responses to stimulation were boosted at similar rates by radiation. Whereas increased Ag-specific cytotoxic activity of a CD8(+) T cell line manifested in a 4-h assay (10-20% increase), highly significant (5- to 10-fold) differences in cytokine production were detected in 6-d Ag-stimulation assays of PBMC, probably as a net outcome of death of nonstimulated and enhanced response of Ag-stimulated T cells. T cells from patients receiving pelvic radiation (2.2-2.75 Gy) also displayed increased cytokine production when stimulated in vitro. We report in this study enhanced T cell function induced by synergistic radiation treatment, with potential physiological significance in a wide range of T cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Spary
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Whitchurch, Cardiff CF14 2TL, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Finkelstein SE, Fishman M. Clinical opportunities in combining immunotherapy with radiation therapy. Front Oncol 2012; 2:169. [PMID: 23233905 PMCID: PMC3515996 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical work in murine models suggests that local radiotherapy plus intratumoral syngeneic dendritic cells (DC) injection can mediate immunologic tumor eradication. Radiotherapy affects the immune response to cancer, besides the direct impact on the tumor cells, and other ways to coordinate immune modulation with radiotherapy have been explored. We review here the potential for immune-mediated anticancer activity of radiation on tumors. This can be mediated by differential antigen acquisition and presentation by DC, through changes of lymphocytes' activation, and changes of tumor susceptibility to immune clearance. Recent work has implemented the combination of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with intratumoral injection of DC. This included a pilot study of coordinated intraprostatic, autologous DC injection together with radiation therapy with five HLA-A2(+) subjects with high-risk, localized prostate cancer; the protocol used androgen suppression, EBRT (25 fractions, 45 Gy), DC injections after fractions 5, 15, and 25, and then interstitial radioactive implant. Another was a phase II trial using neo-adjuvant apoptosis-inducing EBRT plus intra-tumoral DC in soft tissue sarcoma, to test if this would increase immune activity toward soft tissue sarcoma associated antigens. In the future, radiation therapy approaches designed to optimize immune stimulation at the level of DC, lymphocytes, tumor and stroma effects could be evaluated specifically in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayer Fishman
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer CenterTampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yoshino H, Kashiwakura I. Impairment of Mature Dendritic Cells Derived from X-Irradiated Human Monocytes Depends on the Type of Maturation Stimulus Used. Radiat Res 2012; 178:280-8. [DOI: 10.1667/rr2997.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
29
|
Rödel F, Frey B, Manda K, Hildebrandt G, Hehlgans S, Keilholz L, Seegenschmiedt MH, Gaipl US, Rödel C. Immunomodulatory properties and molecular effects in inflammatory diseases of low-dose x-irradiation. Front Oncol 2012; 2:120. [PMID: 23057008 PMCID: PMC3457026 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are the result of complex and pathologically unbalanced multicellular interactions. For decades, low-dose X-irradiation therapy (LD-RT) has been clinically documented to exert an anti-inflammatory effect on benign diseases and chronic degenerative disorders. By contrast, experimental studies to confirm the effectiveness and to reveal underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are still at their early stages. During the last decade, however, the modulation of a multitude of immunological processes by LD-RT has been explored in vitro and in vivo. These include leukocyte/endothelial cell adhesion, adhesion molecule and cytokine/chemokine expression, apoptosis induction, and mononuclear/polymorphonuclear cell metabolism and activity. Interestingly, these mechanisms display comparable dose dependences and dose-effect relationships with a maximum effect in the range between 0.3 and 0.7 Gy, already empirically identified to be most effective in the clinical routine. This review summarizes data and models exploring the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory properties of LD-RT that may serve as a prerequisite for further systematic analyses to optimize low-dose irradiation procedures in future clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Manda K, Glasow A, Paape D, Hildebrandt G. Effects of ionizing radiation on the immune system with special emphasis on the interaction of dendritic and T cells. Front Oncol 2012; 2:102. [PMID: 22937525 PMCID: PMC3426842 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), as professional antigen-presenting cells, are members of the innate immune system and function as key players during the induction phase of adaptive immune responses. Uptake, processing, and presentation of antigens direct the outcome toward either tolerance or immunity. The cells of the immune system are among the most highly radiosensitive cells in the body. For high doses of ionizing radiation (HD-IR) both immune-suppressive effects after whole body irradiation and possible immune activation during tumor therapy were observed. On the other hand, the effects of low doses of ionizing radiation (LD-IR) on the immune system are controversial and seem to show high variability among different individuals and species. There are reports revealing that protracted LD-IR can result in radioresistance. But immune-suppressive effects of chronic LD-IR are also reported, including the killing or sensitizing of certain cell types. This article shall review the current knowledge of radiation-induced effects on the immune system, paying special attention to the interaction of DCs and T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Manda
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University of Rostock Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|