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Ruparell A, Alexander JE, Eyre R, Carvell-Miller L, Leung YB, Evans SJM, Holcombe LJ, Heer M, Watson P. Glycine supplementation can partially restore oxidative stress-associated glutathione deficiency in ageing cats. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1947-1961. [PMID: 38418414 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular levels of glutathione, the major mammalian antioxidant, are reported to decline with age in several species. To understand whether ageing affects circulating glutathione levels in cats, blood was sampled from two age groups, < 3 years and > 9 years. Further, to determine whether dietary supplementation with glutathione precursor glycine (GLY) affects glutathione concentrations in senior cats (> 8 years), a series of free GLY inclusion level dry diets were fed. Subsequently, a 16-week GLY feeding study was conducted in senior cats (> 7 years), measuring glutathione, and markers of oxidative stress. Whole blood and erythrocyte total, oxidised and reduced glutathione levels were significantly decreased in senior cats, compared with their younger counterparts (P ≤ 0·02). The inclusion level study identified 1·5 % free GLY for the subsequent dry diet feeding study. Significant increases in erythrocyte total and reduced glutathione were observed between senior cats fed supplemented and control diets at 4 weeks (P ≤ 0·03; maximum difference of 1·23 µM). Oxidative stress markers were also significantly different between groups at 8 (P = 0·004; difference of 0·68 nG/ml in 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) and 12 weeks (P ≤ 0·049; maximum difference of 0·62 nG/mG Cr in F2-isoprostane PGF2α). Senior cats have lower circulating glutathione levels compared with younger cats. Feeding senior cats a complete and balanced dry diet supplemented with 1·5 % free GLY for 12 weeks elevated initial erythrocyte glutathione and altered markers of oxidative stress. Dietary supplementation with free GLY provides a potential opportunity to restore age-associated reduction in glutathione in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avika Ruparell
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Janet E Alexander
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Ryan Eyre
- Royal Canin Pet Health and Nutrition Centre, 6574 State Route 503N, Lewisburg, OH, USA
| | | | - Y Becca Leung
- Royal Canin Research & Development Center, Aimargues, France
| | | | - Lucy J Holcombe
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Martina Heer
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Phillip Watson
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
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Cortés-Gutiérrez EI, Ceyca-Contreras JP, Gómez-Ruiz EP, Rios E, García-Vielma C, García-Salas JA. DNA Damage in Bat Blood Leukocytes Using a Chromatin Dispersion Test (CDT): Biomarker of Environmental Genotoxicity. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 112:59. [PMID: 38602569 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03885-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants produce adverse effects on organisms and ecosystems. Biomonitoring and biomarkers offer a reasonable approach to make these assessments. Induced genetic changes can be using as a biomarker in organisms that react to a given compound in the ecosystem. Monitoring environmental genotoxicity necessitates the choice of model animals known as "sentinels or biological monitors" and the suitability of validated tests for DNA damage evaluation. We aimed to estimate the DNA damage produced by thermal stress in the leukocytes of the Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis). The DNA damage in bat leukocytes exposed to different temperatures (35 °C, 45 °C, and 55 °C) was evaluated by the adapted chromatin dispersion test (CDT) and the results were confirmed by the alkaline comet test. The CDT permitted a clear representation of leukocytes with fragmented DNA and of nonfragmented DNA. In addition, we detected nuclear anomalies in relation to cell death cellular swelling, nuclear fragmentation, and chromatin lysis. The alkaline comet assay revealed that the halos of diffuse chromatin include fragmented DNA. The assay of the method employing the CDT is well established, precise, and cost-effective for the routine quantitative analysis of DNA damage on the effect of the leukocytes of bats exposed to thermal stress. This could also apply as a sensitive screening tool for the evaluation of genotoxicity in environmental protection programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elva I Cortés-Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Ornitología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, 66450, México.
| | - Juan P Ceyca-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Ornitología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, 66450, México.
| | - Emma P Gómez-Ruiz
- Parque Ecológico Chipinque, A.B.P., San Pedro Garza García, NL, México
| | - Evelyn Rios
- Laboratorio de Mastozoología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, México
| | - Catalina García-Vielma
- Department of Genetics, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Monterrey, México
| | - Juan A García-Salas
- Laboratorio de Ornitología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, 66450, México
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Varet J, Barranger A, Crochet C, Huet S, Hogeveen K, Le Hégarat L, Fessard V. New methodological developments for testing the in vitro genotoxicity of nanomaterials: Comparison of 2D and 3D HepaRG liver cell models and classical and high throughput comet assay formats. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:140975. [PMID: 38142884 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) are defined as materials with at least one external dimension below 100 nm. Their small size confers them interesting unique physico-chemical properties, hence NMs are increasingly used in a diversity of applications. However, the specific properties of NMs could also make them more harmful than their bulk counterparts. Therefore, there is a crucial need to deliver efficient NM hazard assessment in order to sustain the responsible development of nanotechnology. This study analysed the genotoxic potential of several NMs: one titanium dioxide (TiO2) and two zinc oxide NMs (ZnO) that were tested up to 100 μg/mL on 2D and 3D hepatic HepaRG models. Genotoxicity analysis was performed comparing the alkaline comet assay in classical and high throughput formats. Moreover, oxidative DNA lesions were investigated with the Fpg-modified comet assay. Results showed that TiO2 NMs were not cytotoxic and not genotoxic in either cell model, although a small increase in the % tail DNA was observed in 3D HepaRG cells at 100 μg/mL in the classical format. The two ZnO NMs (ZnO S. NMs a commercial suspension and NM110 provided by the European Union Joint Research Centre) induced a concentration-dependent increase in cytotoxicity that was more pronounced in the 2D (>20% cytotoxicity was observed for ZnO S. at concentrations greater than 25 μg/mL, and for NM 110 at 50 μg/mL) than in the 3D model (more than 20% cytotoxicity for ZnO S. NMs at 50 μg/mL). While ZnO S. NMs induced DNA damage associated with cytotoxicity (at 25 and 50 μg/mL in 2D and 50 μg/mL in 3D), NM110 showed a clear genotoxic effect at non-cytotoxic concentrations (25 μg/mL in 2D and at 25 and 50 μg/mL in 3D). No major differences could be observed in the comet assay in the presence or absence of the Fpg enzyme. High throughput analysis using CometChip® mostly confirmed the results obtained with the classical format, and even enhanced the detection of genotoxicity in the 3D model. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that new approach methodologies (NAMs), 3D models and the high throughput format for the comet assay, were more efficient in the detection of genotoxic effects, and are therefore promising approaches to improve hazard assessment of NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Varet
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France.
| | - Audrey Barranger
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Camille Crochet
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Sylvie Huet
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Kevin Hogeveen
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Ludovic Le Hégarat
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Valérie Fessard
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France.
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Smith JT, Noren Hooten N, Mode NA, Zonderman AB, Ezike N, Kaushal S, Evans MK. Frailty, sex, and poverty are associated with DNA damage and repair in frail, middle-aged urban adults. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 129:103530. [PMID: 37437502 PMCID: PMC10807508 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Frailty is an age-related syndrome characterized by reduced recovery from stressors and increased risks of morbidity and mortality. Although frailty is usually studied in those over 65 years, our previous work showed that frailty is both present and a risk factor for premature mortality in midlife. We identified altered gene expression patterns and biological pathways associated with inflammation in frailty. Evidence suggests DNA oxidation damage related to inflammation accumulates with age, and that DNA repair capacity (DRC) declines with age and age-related conditions. We hypothesized that inter-individual differences in DNA oxidation damage and DRC are associated with frailty status and poverty level. Using the CometChip assay, we assessed baseline single-strand breaks and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced DNA oxidation damage and DRC in non-frail and frail middle-aged African American and White individuals with household incomes above and below poverty. Analysis of baseline single-strand breaks showed no associations with frailty, poverty, race, or sex. However, we identified an interaction between frailty and poverty in H2O2-induced DNA oxidation damage. We also identified interactions between sex and frailty as well as sex and poverty status with DRC. The social determinant of health, poverty, associates with DRC in men. Baseline DNA damage, H2O2-induced DNA damage as well as DRC were associated with serum cytokine levels. IL-10 levels were inversely associated with baseline DNA damage as well as H2O2-induced DNA damage, DRC was altered by IL-4 levels and sex, and by TNF-α levels in the context of sex and poverty status. This is the first evidence that DRC may be influenced by poverty status at midlife. Our data show that social determinants of health should be considered in examining biological pathways through which disparate age-related health outcomes become manifest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T Smith
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Nicole Noren Hooten
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Nicolle A Mode
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Ngozi Ezike
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Simran Kaushal
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
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Enhanced antitumor effect of L-buthionine sulfoximine or ionizing radiation by copper complexes with 2,2´-biquinoline and sulfonamides on A549 2D and 3D lung cancer cell models. J Biol Inorg Chem 2022; 27:329-343. [PMID: 35247094 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two ternary copper(II) complexes with 2,2'-biquinoline (BQ) and with sulfonamides: sulfamethazine (SMT) or sulfaquinoxaline (SDQ) whose formulae are Cu(SMT)(BQ)Cl and Cu(SDQ)(BQ)Cl·CH3OH, in what follows SMTCu and SDQCu, respectively, induced oxidative stress by increasing ROS level from 1.0 μM and the reduction potential of the couple GSSG/GSH2. The co-treatment with L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which inhibits the production of GSH, enhanced the effect of copper complexes on tumor cell viability and on oxidative damage. Both complexes generated DNA strand breaks given by-at least partially-the oxidation of pyrimidine bases, which caused the arrest of the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. These phenomena triggered processes of apoptosis proven by activation of caspase 3 and externalization of phosphatidylserine and loss of cell integrity from 1.0 μM. The combination with BSO induced a marked increase in the apoptotic population. On the other hand, an improved cell proliferation effect was observed when combining SDQCu with a radiation dose of 2 Gy from 1.0 μM or with 6 Gy from 1.5 μM. Finally, studies in multicellular spheroids demonstrated that even though copper(II) complexes did not inhibit cell invasion in collagen gels up to 48 h of treatment at the higher concentrations, multicellular resistance outperformed several drugs currently used in cancer treatment. Overall, our results reveal an antitumor effect of both complexes in monolayer and multicellular spheroids and an improvement with the addition of BSO. However, only SDQCu was the best adjuvant of ionizing radiation treatment.
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Noren Hooten N, Pacheco NL, Smith JT, Evans MK. The accelerated aging phenotype: The role of race and social determinants of health on aging. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 73:101536. [PMID: 34883202 PMCID: PMC10862389 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit to discover the fundamental biology and mechanisms of aging within the context of the physical and social environment is critical to designing interventions to prevent and treat its complex phenotypes. Aging research is critically linked to understanding health disparities because these inequities shape minority aging, which may proceed on a different trajectory than the overall population. Health disparities are characteristically seen in commonly occurring age-associated diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease as well as diabetes mellitus and cancer. The early appearance and increased severity of age-associated disease among African American and low socioeconomic status (SES) individuals suggests that the factors contributing to the emergence of health disparities may also induce a phenotype of 'premature aging' or 'accelerated aging' or 'weathering'. In marginalized and low SES populations with high rates of early onset age-associated disease the interaction of biologic, psychosocial, socioeconomic and environmental factors may result in a phenotype of accelerated aging biologically similar to premature aging syndromes with increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, premature accumulation of oxidative DNA damage, defects in DNA repair and higher levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Health disparities, therefore, may be the end product of this complex interaction in populations at high risk. This review will examine the factors that drive both health disparities and the accelerated aging phenotype that ultimately contributes to premature mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Noren Hooten
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Natasha L Pacheco
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jessica T Smith
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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7
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Ngo LP, Kaushal S, Chaim IA, Mazzucato P, Ricciardi C, Samson LD, Nagel ZD, Engelward BP. CometChip analysis of human primary lymphocytes enables quantification of inter-individual differences in the kinetics of repair of oxidative DNA damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 174:89-99. [PMID: 34324980 PMCID: PMC8477454 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although DNA repair is known to impact susceptibility to cancer and other diseases, relatively few population studies have been performed to evaluate DNA repair kinetics in people due to the difficulty of assessing DNA repair in a high-throughput manner. Here we use the CometChip, a high-throughput comet assay, to explore inter-individual variation in repair of oxidative damage to DNA, a known risk factor for aging, cancer and other diseases. DNA repair capacity after H2O2-induced DNA oxidation damage was quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). For 10 individuals, blood was drawn at several times over the course of 4-6 weeks. In addition, blood was drawn once from each of 56 individuals. DNA damage levels were quantified prior to exposure to H2O2 and at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120-min post exposure. We found that there is significant variability in DNA repair efficiency among individuals. When subdivided into quartiles by DNA repair efficiency, we found that the average t1/2 is 81 min for the slowest group and 24 min for the fastest group. This work shows that the CometChip can be used to uncover significant differences in repair kinetics among people, pointing to its utility in future epidemiological and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le P Ngo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; MIT Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Simran Kaushal
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; MIT Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Isaac A Chaim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; MIT Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Patrizia Mazzucato
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; MIT Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Catherine Ricciardi
- MIT Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; MIT Clinical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Leona D Samson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; MIT Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Zachary D Nagel
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Bevin P Engelward
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; MIT Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Shilpa O, Anupama KP, Antony A, Gurushankara HP. Lead (Pb) induced Oxidative Stress as a Mechanism to Cause Neurotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Toxicology 2021; 462:152959. [PMID: 34560124 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of lead (Pb) has caused global contamination, inevitable human exposure, and public health problems. Pb neurotoxicity has been linked to various human diseases, but its associated mechanism causing neurotoxicity is unknown. Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism has been used to study the mechanism involved in Pb-caused neurotoxicity and the potential role of antioxidants in ameliorating its harmful effects. The larval feeding technique was adopted to administer different concentrations of Pb (0.2-0.8 mM) to Oregon-R (ORR), superoxide dismutase (Sod), or catalase (Cat) overexpressing, and Sod or Cat knockdown flies to analyse Pb load, oxidative stress components, DNA damage, apoptosis and vacuolation in the brain. The results revealed that Pb accumulation in the Drosophila brain induces oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), depleting antioxidant enzymes. Molecular docking studies have evidenced it. Pb directly binds to antioxidants and major grooves of DNA, leading to DNA damage. Increased DNA damage, apoptosis, vacuolation in brains of Pb-treated ORR, Sod, or Cat knockdown flies; and on the contrary, reduced oxidative DNA damage, apoptosis, and vacuolation in brains of Pb treated Sod or Cat overexpressed flies put forward that oxidative stress is the mechanism in Pb caused neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olakkaran Shilpa
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, 671320, Kasaragod, India
| | - Kizhakke Purayil Anupama
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, 671320, Kasaragod, India
| | - Anet Antony
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, 671320, Kasaragod, India
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Ceyca-Contreras JP, Cortés-Gutiérrez EI, García-Salas JA, Dávila-Rodríguez MI, García-Hernández J. Evaluation of the genotoxic effect of heavy metals in pigeons from urban and rural habitat in Monterrey, Mexico, using the chromatin dispersion assay. Biomarkers 2020; 25:670-676. [PMID: 32969739 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1825811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluate genotoxic effect of heavy metals on Pigeon Erythrocytes (PE) from urban and rural habitat (outside of the city) in Monterrey, Mexico, using the chromatin dispersion assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS We quantified metals concentrations (Cd, Hg, Cu and Pb) in tail feathers of 22 pigeons from an urban and a rural site in northeastern Mexico. DNA damage in peripheral blood erythrocytes was measured by chromatin dispersion assay in 13 pigeon living in urban habitat and in nine living in rural habitat as the control. MicroNucleus (MN) test was used to confirm levels of DNA damage. RESULTS Birds in urban habitat had highest concentrations in feathers for all the metallic elements analysed with respect to birds in rural habitat. Concentrations of Cu and Hg showed a significant increase (p < 0.05). Our results showed a significant increase of DNA damage in urban-habitat pigeons compared with that of pigeons in rural area. These results were confirmed by a MN test. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary findings demonstrate that PE examination via chromatin dispersion assay is a reliable, precise and inexpensive morphological bioassay for evaluating environmental genotoxicity associated with heavy metals. Further studies for evaluating the individual participation of contaminants in DNA damage are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Ceyca-Contreras
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, México
| | - Elva I Cortés-Gutiérrez
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, México
| | - Juan A García-Salas
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, México
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10
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Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on human keratinocytes triggered by sphingomyelinase D from Loxosceles venom. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3563-3577. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Cortés-Gutiérrez EI, García-Salas JA, Dávila-Rodríguez MI, Ceyca-Contreras JP, Cortez-Reyes M, Fernández JL, Gosálvez J. Detection of DNA damage in pigeon erythrocytes using a chromatin dispersion assay. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 30:228-235. [PMID: 31805813 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1701596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of environmental genotoxicity requires the selection of model organisms as 'sentinels' as well as the development of sensitive and reliable tests for the assessment of DNA damage. The aims of this study were to quantify genomic DNA strand breakage in the erythrocytes of Columba livia induced by thermal stress using the modified chromatin dispersion test and to validate the results by alkaline comet assay and DNA breakage detection-fluorescence in situ hybridization (DBD-FISH). The chromatin dispersion test allowed for clear visualization of erythrocyte cells with DNA damage and of cells with no DNA damage. DNA damage increased significantly with increase in temperature. Additionally, we observed nuclear abnormalities associated with apoptosis, such as karyorrhexis (nuclear disintegration) and karyolysis (nuclear dissolution). These results were validated by alkaline comet assay and DBD-FISH. In conclusion, this procedure is a reliable, precise, and inexpensive morphological bioassay for routine quantitative analysis of DNA breakage in pigeon erythrocytes induced by thermal stress. This method could also be useful as a practical screening tool for genotoxicity testing in environmental care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan A García-Salas
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | | | | | - Michel Cortez-Reyes
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - José L Fernández
- Genetics Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña-INIBIC, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Jaime Gosálvez
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Application of the comet assay in human biomonitoring: An hCOMET perspective. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 783:108288. [PMID: 32192646 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.108288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay is a well-accepted biomonitoring tool to examine the effect of dietary, lifestyle, environmental and occupational exposure on levels of DNA damage in human cells. With such a wide range of determinants for DNA damage levels, it becomes challenging to deal with confounding and certain factors are inter-related (e.g. poor nutritional intake may correlate with smoking status). This review describes the effect of intrinsic (i.e. sex, age, tobacco smoking, occupational exposure and obesity) and extrinsic (season, environmental exposures, diet, physical activity and alcohol consumption) factors on the level of DNA damage measured by the standard or enzyme-modified comet assay. Although each factor influences at least one comet assay endpoint, the collective evidence does not indicate single factors have a large impact. Thus, controlling for confounding may be necessary in a biomonitoring study, but none of the factors is strong enough to be regarded a priori as a confounder. Controlling for confounding in the comet assay requires a case-by-case approach. Inter-laboratory variation in levels of DNA damage and to some extent also reproducibility in biomonitoring studies are issues that have haunted the users of the comet assay for years. Procedures to collect specimens, and their storage, are not standardized. Likewise, statistical issues related to both sample-size calculation (before sampling of specimens) and statistical analysis of the results vary between studies. This review gives guidance to statistical analysis of the typically complex exposure, co-variate, and effect relationships in human biomonitoring studies.
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da Silva Sergio LP, Mencalha AL, de Souza da Fonseca A, de Paoli F. DNA repair and genomic stability in lungs affected by acute injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 119:109412. [PMID: 31514069 PMCID: PMC9170240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pulmonary injury, or acute respiratory distress syndrome, has a high incidence in elderly individuals and high mortality in its most severe degree, becoming a challenge to public health due to pathophysiological complications and increased economic burden. Acute pulmonary injury can develop from sepsis, septic shock, and pancreatitis causing reduction of alveolar airspace due to hyperinflammatory response. Oxidative stress acts directly on the maintenance of inflammation, resulting in tissue injury, as well as inducing DNA damages. Once the DNA is damaged, enzymatic DNA repair mechanisms act on lesions in order to maintain genomic stability and, consequently, contribute to cell viability and homeostasis. Although palliative treatment based on mechanical ventilation and antibiotic using have a kind of efficacy, therapies based on modulation of DNA repair and genomic stability could be effective for improving repair and recovery of lung tissue in patients with acute pulmonary injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Philippe da Silva Sergio
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil.
| | - Andre Luiz Mencalha
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil
| | - Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Frei Caneca, 94, Rio de Janeiro, 20211040, Brazil; Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos, Avenida Alberto Torres, 111, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, 25964004, Brazil
| | - Flavia de Paoli
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer - s/n, Campus Universitário, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036900, Brazil
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Møller P. Effect of age and sex on the level of DNA strand breaks and oxidatively damaged DNA in human blood cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 838:16-21. [PMID: 30678823 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage measured by the comet assay is a well-established biomarker in studies on environmental and occupational exposures, dietary factors and clinical outcomes. Age and sex are typically regarded as confounding factors that are controlled by either selective inclusion criteria of subjects or adjustment in the statistical analysis. This review assesses the influence of age and sex on levels of DNA damage in leukocytes in study populations of healthy subjects. Analysis of unadjusted results in the studies indicates that the level of DNA strand breaks increases by 1% per year (95% CI: 0.9%-1.1%, linear regression analysis weighted for the number of subjects in the individual studies). The studies also show a slightly higher level of DNA strand breaks in men than women (8%, 95% CI: 0.4%-17%) in unadjusted analyses, which is not robust in studies with adjusted analyses. The attenuation of effect in adjusted analyses of DNA strand breaks in leukocytes indicates that the effect of age and sex may be driven by differences in lifestyle factors or other exposures. There do not appear to be differences related to age and sex on basal levels of oxidatively damaged DNA in leukocytes. In summary, the results indicate influences of both age and sex on DNA damage in the comet assay, which may be mediated by lifestyle factors or external exposures rather than direct effects of age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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Olakkaran S, Antony A, Kizhakke Purayil A, Tilagul Kumbar S, Hunasanahally Puttaswamygowda G. Lead modulated Heme synthesis inducing oxidative stress mediated Genotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:628-639. [PMID: 29635205 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of lead (Pb) modulated heme synthesis pathway induced oxidative stress mediated genotoxicity using standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses of Drosophila melanogaster was addressed in the present study. Third instar larvae derived from the ST or HB crosses were reared in sub lethal concentrations of lead acetate (PbAc) treated food media and showed that Pb was readily taken up and accumulated in the said crosses. Pb modulated heme synthesis was evident by significant reductions of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and increased accumulation of δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA). The results have also demonstrated that Pb induced oxidative stress by overproducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) and depletion of the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST). Wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) using ST and HB crosses revealed that Pb is mutagenic and weakly recombinogenic. By employing larval hemocytes, there was an increase in percent of tail DNA in alkaline comet compared to that of neutral comet revealing the DNA single strand breaks were the products of Pb modulated heme synthesis pathway induced oxidative free radicals. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that Pb modulated heme synthesis pathway induces oxidative stress that mediates the genotoxicity in D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Olakkaran
- Department of Animal Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Padannakkad, 671 314 Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Anet Antony
- Department of Animal Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Padannakkad, 671 314 Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Anupama Kizhakke Purayil
- Department of Animal Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Padannakkad, 671 314 Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Siddanna Tilagul Kumbar
- Department of Animal Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Padannakkad, 671 314 Kasaragod, Kerala, India
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16
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Bonyadi M, Mehdizadeh F, Jabbarpoor Bonyadi MH, Soheilian M, Javadzadeh A, Yaseri M. Association of the DNA repair SMUG1 rs3087404 polymorphism and its interaction with high sensitivity C-reactive protein for age-related macular degeneration in Iranian patients. Ophthalmic Genet 2017; 38:422-427. [DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2016.1251947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mortaza Bonyadi
- Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faride Mehdizadeh
- Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Soheilian
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Javadzadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of rheumatologic conditions are increasing and the rheumatology workforce must be aware of aging-specific issues. This article reviews specific barriers to understanding the biology of aging and aging-related mechanisms that may underlie development of rheumatologic diseases in older adults. It summarizes gaps in the assessment, outcomes measurement, and treatment of these diseases in this unique population. It also highlights potential solutions to these barriers and suggests possible ways to bridge the gap, from a research and education standpoint, so that clinicians can be better prepared to effectively manage older adults with rheumatologic conditions.
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Urvik J, Meitern R, Rattiste K, Saks L, Hõrak P, Sepp T. Variation in the Markers of Nutritional and Oxidative State in a Long-Lived Seabird: Associations with Age and Longevity. Physiol Biochem Zool 2016; 89:417-40. [PMID: 27617362 DOI: 10.1086/688180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Age-related declines in life-history traits have been widely observed in free-living animals. Several theories link senescence to oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to measure several widely used markers of oxidative and nutritional state in a long-lived seabird, the common gull (Larus canus), in order to assess the suitability of these markers for describing deterioration in physiological condition associated with chronological age and survival. Associations with longevity and individual consistency of these parameters over the years (repeatability) were also assessed. Senescence in fitness parameters was observed during the study period: in females, laying date and clutch mass were related to bird age in a curvilinear manner, with middle-aged birds breeding earlier and laying heavier eggs. The only parameter associated with aging processes was glutathione concentration in erythrocytes, which was lower in female birds with longer life spans. Of indexes of nutritional state, plasma triglyceride concentration showed a between-individual increase with age, suggesting selective mortality of birds with low levels. Additionally, total plasma protein levels of individual males increased with age. The mostly negative results of this study hint that the commonly used parameters of physiological condition and oxidative state used in this study do not adequately reflect an individual's long-term health condition. Alternatively, it is possible that in common gulls, senescence occurs in reproductive mechanisms but not in mechanisms responsible for maintaining an organism's redox balance, consistent with the idea that different aspects of an organism's physiological condition age at different rates. Significant interannual repeatability was detected in three plasma constituents-carotenoids, uric acid, and total protein-all of which can possibly be linked to variation in dietary habits.
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Lenart P, Krejci L. Reprint of "DNA, the central molecule of aging". Mutat Res 2016; 788:25-31. [PMID: 27133220 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanism of aging could have enormous medical implications. Despite a century of research, however, there is no universally accepted theory regarding the molecular basis of aging. On the other hand, there is plentiful evidence suggesting that DNA constitutes the central molecule in this process. Here, we review the roles of chromatin structure, DNA damage, and shortening of telomeres in aging and propose a hypothesis for how their interplay leads to aging phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lenart
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lumir Krejci
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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20
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DNA, the central molecule of aging. Mutat Res 2016; 786:1-7. [PMID: 26871429 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanism of aging could have enormous medical implications. Despite a century of research, however, there is no universally accepted theory regarding the molecular basis of aging. On the other hand, there is plentiful evidence suggesting that DNA constitutes the central molecule in this process. Here, we review the roles of chromatin structure, DNA damage, and shortening of telomeres in aging and propose a hypothesis for how their interplay leads to aging phenotypes.
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21
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Løhr M, Jensen A, Eriksen L, Grønbæk M, Loft S, Møller P. Age and metabolic risk factors associated with oxidatively damaged DNA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2641-53. [PMID: 25650665 PMCID: PMC4413607 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with oxidative stress-generated damage to DNA and this could be related to metabolic disturbances. This study investigated the association between levels of oxidatively damaged DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and metabolic risk factors in 1,019 subjects, aged 18-93 years. DNA damage was analyzed as strand breaks by the comet assay and levels of formamidopyrimidine (FPG-) and human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1)-sensitive sites There was an association between age and levels of FPG-sensitive sites for women, but not for men. The same tendency was observed for the level of hOGG1-sensitive sites, whereas there was no association with the level of strand breaks. The effect of age on oxidatively damaged DNA in women disappeared in multivariate models, which showed robust positive associations between DNA damage and plasma levels of triglycerides, cholesterol and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). In the group of men, there were significant positive associations between alcohol intake, HbA1c and FPG-sensitive sites in multivariate analysis. The levels of metabolic risk factors were positively associated with age, yet only few subjects fulfilled all metabolic syndrome criteria. In summary, positive associations between age and levels of oxidatively damaged DNA appeared mediated by age-related increases in metabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mille Løhr
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annie Jensen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Eriksen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten Grønbæk
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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How can age and lifestyle variables affect DNA damage, repair capacity and endogenous biomarkers of oxidative stress? Exp Gerontol 2015; 62:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Li D, Lv B, Zhang H, Lee JY, Li T. Positive supercoiling affiliated with nucleosome formation repairs non-B DNA structures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:10641-4. [PMID: 25075997 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04789c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is demonstrated that positive supercoiling affiliated with nucleosome formation can act as the driving force to repair the G-quadruplex, cruciform as well as a stable non-B DNA structure caused by peptide nucleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- The Southern Modern Forestry Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
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Moskalev AA, Shaposhnikov MV, Plyusnina EN, Zhavoronkov A, Budovsky A, Yanai H, Fraifeld VE. The role of DNA damage and repair in aging through the prism of Koch-like criteria. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:661-84. [PMID: 22353384 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the first publication on Somatic Mutation Theory of Aging (Szilárd, 1959), a great volume of knowledge in the field has been accumulated. Here we attempted to organize the evidence "for" and "against" the hypothesized causal role of DNA damage and mutation accumulation in aging in light of four Koch-like criteria. They are based on the assumption that some quantitative relationship between the levels of DNA damage/mutations and aging rate should exist, so that (i) the longer-lived individuals or species would have a lower rate of damage than the shorter-lived, and (ii) the interventions that modulate the level of DNA damage and repair capacity should also modulate the rate of aging and longevity and vice versa. The analysis of how the existing data meets the proposed criteria showed that many gaps should still be filled in order to reach a clear-cut conclusion. As a perspective, it seems that the main emphasis in future studies should be put on the role of DNA damage in stem cell aging.
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Jacob KD, Hooten NN, Trzeciak AR, Evans MK. Markers of oxidant stress that are clinically relevant in aging and age-related disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2013; 134:139-57. [PMID: 23428415 PMCID: PMC3664937 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the long held hypothesis that oxidant stress results in accumulated oxidative damage to cellular macromolecules and subsequently to aging and age-related chronic disease, it has been difficult to consistently define and specifically identify markers of oxidant stress that are consistently and directly linked to age and disease status. Inflammation because it is also linked to oxidant stress, aging, and chronic disease also plays an important role in understanding the clinical implications of oxidant stress and relevant markers. Much attention has focused on identifying specific markers of oxidative stress and inflammation that could be measured in easily accessible tissues and fluids (lymphocytes, plasma, serum). The purpose of this review is to discuss markers of oxidant stress used in the field as biomarkers of aging and age-related diseases, highlighting differences observed by race when data is available. We highlight DNA, RNA, protein, and lipid oxidation as measures of oxidative stress, as well as other well-characterized markers of oxidative damage and inflammation and discuss their strengths and limitations. We present the current state of the literature reporting use of these markers in studies of human cohorts in relation to age and age-related disease and also with a special emphasis on differences observed by race when relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly D. Jacob
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Noren Hooten
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrzej R. Trzeciak
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Garm C, Moreno-Villanueva M, Bürkle A, Petersen I, Bohr VA, Christensen K, Stevnsner T. Age and gender effects on DNA strand break repair in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Aging Cell 2013; 12:58-66. [PMID: 23088435 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous and endogenous damage to DNA is constantly challenging the stability of our genome. This DNA damage increase the frequency of errors in DNA replication, thus causing point mutations or chromosomal rearrangements and has been implicated in aging, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, efficient DNA repair is vital for the maintenance of genome stability. The general notion has been that DNA repair capacity decreases with age although there are conflicting results. Here, we focused on potential age-associated changes in DNA damage response and the capacities of repairing DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) and double-strand breaks (DSBs) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Of these lesions, DSBs are the least frequent but the most dangerous for cells. We have measured the level of endogenous SSBs, SSB repair capacity, γ-H2AX response, and DSB repair capacity in a study population consisting of 216 individuals from a population-based sample of twins aged 40-77 years. Age in this range did not seem to have any effect on the SSB parameters. However, γ-H2AX response and DSB repair capacity decreased with increasing age, although the associations did not reach statistical significance after adjustment for batch effect across multiple experiments. No gender differences were observed for any of the parameters analyzed. Our findings suggest that in PBMCs, the repair of SSBs is maintained until old age, whereas the response to and the repair of DSBs decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Moreno-Villanueva
- Molecular Toxicology Group; Department of Biology; University of Konstanz; Konstanz; Germany
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology Group; Department of Biology; University of Konstanz; Konstanz; Germany
| | - Inge Petersen
- Epidemiology Unit; The Danish Aging Research Center; Institute of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Odense; Denmark
| | - Vilhelm A. Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology; National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; Baltimore; MD; USA
| | | | - Tinna Stevnsner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Danish Center of Molecular Gerontology and Danish Aging Research Center; University of Aarhus; Aarhus; Denmark
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Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA repair in selected eukaryotic aging model systems. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:282438. [PMID: 23050036 PMCID: PMC3462412 DOI: 10.1155/2012/282438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge about the different mechanisms underlying the aging process has increased exponentially in the last decades. The fact that the basic mechanisms involved in the aging process are believed to be universal allows the use of different model systems, from the simplest eukaryotic cells such as fungi to the most complex organisms such as mice or human. As our knowledge on the aging mechanisms in those model systems increases, our understanding of human aging and the potential interventions that we could approach rise significantly. Among the different mechanisms that have been implicated in the aging process, DNA repair is one of the processes which have been suggested to play an important role. Here, we review the latest investigations supporting the role of these mechanisms in the aging process, stressing how beneficial the use of different model systems is. We discuss how human genetic studies as well as several investigations on mammalian models and simpler eukaryotic organisms have contributed to a better understanding of the involvement of DNA repair mechanisms in aging.
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28
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Noren Hooten N, Ejiogu N, Zonderman AB, Evans MK. Association of oxidative DNA damage and C-reactive protein in women at risk for cardiovascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2776-84. [PMID: 22982460 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between clinical markers of inflammation and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), an oxidative stress marker, in middle-aged women drawn from the HANDLS study, a longitudinal epidemiological study. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined commonly assayed markers of inflammation, the DNA base adduct 8-oxodG, a marker of oxidative stress, and cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort of women matched on age and race in 3 groups (n=39 per group) who had low (<3 mg/L) high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), mid (>3-20 mg/L), and high (>20 mg/L) hsCRP. We found a significant relationship between hsCRP level and the oxidative stress marker, 8-oxodG. 8-oxodG was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and interleukin-23. hsCRP was associated with obesity variables, high-density lipoprotein, serum insulin levels, interleukin-12p70 and intracellular adhesion molecule-1. Incubation of primary human endothelial cells with hsCRP generated reactive oxygen species in vitro. Furthermore, hsCRP specifically induced DNA base lesions, but not other forms of DNA damage, including single and double strand breaks. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that in women 8-oxodG is associated with hsCRP and is independently related to select cardiovascular risk factors. Our data in women suggest that hsCRP may contribute to cardiovascular disease by increasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Noren Hooten
- Health Disparities Research Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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