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González Núñez AA, Palacio MJ, Tripoli LI, Pighin AF, Ossana NA. Environmental health in the upper-middle Luján River basin from a multi-biomarker approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 359:124541. [PMID: 39009299 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the ecophysiological state of the biota using a set of biomarkers in the upper-middle Luján River. To this aim, we collected adult Cnesterodon decemmaculatus fish, biofilm and water at three sampling sites in the upper-middle Luján River (S1: rural area, S2: Luján City and S3: urban area after passing Lujan City). For each site we determined physicochemical variables, heavy metal concentration in water, 19 biomarkers in fish (morphometric, histological, genotoxic, oxidative stress, metabolic and neurotoxic) and six biomarkers in biofilm (oxidative stress and extracellular enzyme). Additionally, we compared the responses of fish and biofilm with those of laboratory controls obtained from outdoor cultures. Our results indicated increased heavy metal concentration at all sites, mainly As and Cd, and decreased dissolved oxygen at S1 and S3. In fish, genotoxic biomarkers showed significant differences with respect to the control. The comet assay indicated damage in fish at the urbanized sites (S2 and S3) and an increased frequency of erythrocytes with nuclear aberrations at all sites. The CEA index (cellular energy allocation), calculated from the metabolic biomarkers and lipid concentration were significantly increased at S1. The gill damage evaluated histologically and with three indices indicated severe damage at all sites. Gills showed thickened primary and secondary lamellae and fusion of filaments at all sites, but a significant increase in mucous cells was only found at S1 and S3. Biofilm showed increased values of extracellular enzymes (β-glucosidase and alkaline phosphatase, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress enzymes (i.e., catalase) at S3. These results are novel in that they incorporated laboratory controls allowing for comparisons with fish and biofilm from the field. They provided information on the status of a fish population and biofilm community, indicating the negative effect of river water deterioration on the tested organisms. Moreover, results showed what biomarkers were most sensitive for each biological sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén A González Núñez
- Applied Ecophysiology Program (PRODEA) Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development (INEDES, CONICET-UNLu), Department of Cs. Basic, National University of Luján (B6700ZBA) Luján, Argentina.
| | - Mauro J Palacio
- Applied Ecophysiology Program (PRODEA) Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development (INEDES, CONICET-UNLu), Department of Cs. Basic, National University of Luján (B6700ZBA) Luján, Argentina
| | - Luis I Tripoli
- Luján River Basin Committee (ComiLu), Ministry of Infrastructure and Public Services of the Province of Buenos Aires - Calle 5 N° 366, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andres F Pighin
- Department of Basic Sciences, National University of Luján (B6700ZBA), Luján, Argentina
| | - Natalia A Ossana
- Applied Ecophysiology Program (PRODEA) Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development (INEDES, CONICET-UNLu), Department of Cs. Basic, National University of Luján (B6700ZBA) Luján, Argentina
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2
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Provase M, Schmitz Boeing GAN, Tsukada E, Salla RF, Abdalla FC. Impact of environmental concentrations of fipronil on DNA integrity and brain structure of Bombus atratus bumblebees. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 110:104536. [PMID: 39153725 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Fipronil (FP) is an insecticide used in the treatment and control of pests, but it also adversely affects bees. Currently, there is no data on the genotoxic effects of FP in the brain of bumblebees. Thus, through the comet assay and routine morphological analysis, we analyzed the morphological effects and potential genotoxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of FP on the brain of Bombus atratus. Bumblebees were exposed at concentrations of 2.5 μg/g and 3.5 μg/g for 96 hours. After the exposure, the brains were removed for morphological and morphometric analysis, and the comet assay procedure - used to detect DNA damage in individual cells using electrophoresis. Our data showed that both concentrations (2.5 μg/g and 3.5 μg/g) caused DNA damage in brain cells. These results corroborate the morphological data. We observed signs of synapse loss in the calyx structure, intercellular spaces between compact inner and non-compact inner cells, and cell swelling. This study provides unprecedented evidence of the effects of FP on DNA and cellular structures in the brain of B. atratus and reinforces the need to elucidate its toxic effects on other species to allow future risk assessments and conservation projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Provase
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Biology (DBio), Laboratory of Structural and Functional Biology (LABEF), Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring (PPGBMA), Center for Science and Technology for Sustainability (CCTS), UFSCar, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Andrade Neto Schmitz Boeing
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Biology (DBio), Laboratory of Structural and Functional Biology (LABEF), Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring (PPGBMA), Center for Science and Technology for Sustainability (CCTS), UFSCar, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisabete Tsukada
- Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring (PPGBMA), Center for Science and Technology for Sustainability (CCTS), UFSCar, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Fernanda Salla
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Biology (DBio), Laboratory of Structural and Functional Biology (LABEF), Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring (PPGBMA), Center for Science and Technology for Sustainability (CCTS), UFSCar, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Camargo Abdalla
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Biology (DBio), Laboratory of Structural and Functional Biology (LABEF), Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring (PPGBMA), Center for Science and Technology for Sustainability (CCTS), UFSCar, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
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3
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Singha ER, Das I, Patar A, Paul S, Giri S, Giri A. Effects of changed water regime on the toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in tadpoles of Fejervarya limnocharis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:54873-54886. [PMID: 39215917 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is viewed as one of the important causes of the amphibian population decline. Aspects of climate change like increase in water temperature and drying up of habitats have been underrepresented. The expanding production and usage of metal nanoparticles like silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) make them likely to end up in aquatic ecosystems. To arrive at a realistic assessment of the impact of AgNPs in a warming world, we have investigated the effects of temperature on the acute toxicity of AgNPs in tadpoles of Fejervarya limnocharis at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of exposure. The various aspects of sub-lethal toxicities of AgNPs with increase in temperature were also investigated. Besides, the effects of habitat desiccation on the sub-lethal toxicities of AgNPs in the tadpoles were analysed. The LC50 values of AgNPs at four different time points were found to be significantly different between the two different temperatures. Alterations in survival pattern, life history traits, amplifications in genotoxic potential and oxidative stress were observed with increased water temperature following AgNP exposure. The phenomenon of habitat desiccation was also found to significantly affect the toxicity of AgNPs with respect to alterations in mortality rate, time to metamorphosis and morphometric parameters of metamorphosed tadpoles. The findings suggest that changed water regime such as increased water temperature as well as reduction in water level accelerated the toxic effects of AgNPs in F. limnocharis tadpoles which is likely to affect their natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erom Romi Singha
- Environment and Human Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Indranil Das
- Environment and Human Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Arabinda Patar
- Environment and Human Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Sagorika Paul
- Environment and Human Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Sarbani Giri
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Anirudha Giri
- Environment and Human Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India.
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Boeing GANS, Provase M, Tsukada E, Salla RF, Abdalla FC. Genotoxic effect of two environmentally safe doses of cadmium on the hepato-nephrocytic system of Bombus atratus forager workers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104450. [PMID: 38636745 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Eusocial bees are declining due to anthropogenic actions. Individuals can be exposed to contaminants like Cd, which have been found in pollen. Thus, we evaluated the potential genotoxicity of Cd to the hepato-nephrocitic system of Bombus atratus foraging workers exposed to environmentally safe doses of Cd (0.001 mg/kg and 0.003 mg/kg) during 72 h. To assess the genotoxicity of Cd, we conducted an alkaline comet assay. Doses of 0.001 mg/kg of Cd caused comets of levels 2 and 3, and 0.003 mg/kg of Cd induced comets of level 4, while controls exhibited regular nucleoids. Also, 0.003 mg/kg doses caused higher Damage Index, Damage Frequency, and Total Damage. Our results bring new evidence that 0.003 mg/kg Cd exerted genotoxicity to the HNS cells of B. atratus, probably affecting secondary metabolism and the detoxification capability of bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Andrade Neto Schmitz Boeing
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Biology (DBio-So), Laboratory of Structural and Functional Biology (LABEF), Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring (PPGBMA), Center for Science and Technology for Sustainability (CCTS), UFSCar, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Michele Provase
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Biology (DBio-So), Laboratory of Structural and Functional Biology (LABEF), Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring (PPGBMA), Center for Science and Technology for Sustainability (CCTS), UFSCar, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisabete Tsukada
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring (PPGBMA), Center for Science and Technology for Sustainability (CCTS), UFSCar, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel F Salla
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring (PPGBMA), Center for Science and Technology for Sustainability (CCTS), UFSCar, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Camargo Abdalla
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Biology (DBio-So), Laboratory of Structural and Functional Biology (LABEF), Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring (PPGBMA), Center for Science and Technology for Sustainability (CCTS), UFSCar, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
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Er A, Kayış Ş. Acute Toxicity of Pozzolanic Cement on Two Crustacean Species, Water Flea (Daphnia magna) and Gammarus komareki. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 108:309-314. [PMID: 34347117 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determining the values of LC50, mortality rates and DNA damages (Daphnia magna) of species exposed to pozzolanic cement concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mg/L for 24 h. To compare the effect of increased pH value associated with the addition of cement, a NaOH group was also formed in Gammarus komareki individuals. As a result, the LC50 values in D. magna and G. komareki were calculated as 118.57 and 197.24 mg/L/24 h, respectively. It was observed that, unlike the G. komareki individuals, cement particles were accumulated on D. magna. In the comparison trial (NaOH) performed on G. komareki individuals, 60% mortality was determined. The number of deaths from cement and NaOH in the experimental groups with the same pH values were found similar. There was not statistically significant difference between control and experimental groups for DNA damage on D. magna. As a result, it has been determined that cement has a toxic effect on D. magna and G. komareki due to increasing the pH value of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akif Er
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey.
| | - Şevki Kayış
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
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6
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Castro JS, Braz-Mota S, Campos DF, Souza SS, Val AL. High Temperature, pH, and Hypoxia Cause Oxidative Stress and Impair the Spermatic Performance of the Amazon Fish Colossoma macropomum. Front Physiol 2020; 11:772. [PMID: 32733277 PMCID: PMC7360832 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The control of abiotic parameters is fundamental for fish survival, growth and reproduction. These factors have a direct effect on sperm quality. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of different temperatures (29, 31, 33, and 35°C), pHs (4 and 8), and hypoxia (1 mgO2 L−1) on sperm motility of Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui). The results indicated a longer duration of sperm motility at 29°C (50.1 ± 2.70 s) that progressively decreased when exposed to 35°C (31.2 ± 1.31 s) and hypoxia at pH 4 (27.4 ± 1.42 s) and pH 8 (30.44 ± 1.66 s; p < 0.05), respectively. Sperm oxygen consumption increased in hypoxia at both pH (pH 4 = 61.22; pH 8 = 54.74 pmol s−1). There was an increase in the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as in lipid peroxidation levels (LPO) and DNA damage in sperm exposed to higher temperatures and hypoxia. The pH 4 and pH 8 under normoxia did not affect the quality of C. macropomum sperm. These results suggest that water warming and acidification, consequences of climate changes, significantly affect the reproduction of C. macropomum, reducing the quality of spermatozoids during fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas S Castro
- Aquaculture Graduate Program, Nilton Lins University, Manaus, Brazil.,Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Susana Braz-Mota
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Derek F Campos
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Samara S Souza
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Adalberto L Val
- Aquaculture Graduate Program, Nilton Lins University, Manaus, Brazil.,Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
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7
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Kontaş S, Bostancı D. Genotoxic Effects of Environmental Pollutant Heavy Metals on Alburnus chalcoides (Pisces: Cyprinidae) Inhabiting Lower Melet River (Ordu, Turkey). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:763-769. [PMID: 32356000 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02857-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The lower Melet River is a drinking water source that is surrounded by hazelnut grove, agricultural lands, resulting in the accumulation of genotoxic agents such as mining activities, various domestic and agricultural wastes. Therefore, it receives many domestic and agricultural wastes that contain the genotoxic agent. This study was aimed to assess the heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment, and bioaccumulation in the tissues of Alburnus chalcoides. Comet assay and micronucleus test were used to evaluate the genotoxic effects on the blood cells of A. chalcoides. The concentrations of heavy metals and metalloid in the water, in the sediments and in the muscle of fish were in the order of Fe > Al > Mn > As > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Cd = Pb = Co, Fe > Al > Mn > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > As > Co > Ni > Cd and Fe > Zn > Al > Mn > Cu > Pb > As > Cr > Ni > Co > Cd, respectively. The blood cells of fish collected from the polluted location showed significantly higher DNA damage and micronucleus frequency compared to the reference location (p < 0.05). The study indicated that the DNA integrity of A. chalcoides was affected by heavy metals which originated from many anthropogenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Kontaş
- Department of Fisheries Technology Engineering, Ordu University, 52400, Ordu, Turkey.
| | - Derya Bostancı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey
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8
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Barreto A, Dias A, Duarte B, Pinto E, Almeida A, Trindade T, Soares AMVM, Hylland K, Loureiro S, Oliveira M. Biological effects and bioaccumulation of gold in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) - Nano versus ionic form. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137026. [PMID: 32036137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The question of whether gold (Au) is more toxic as nanoparticles or in its ionic form remains unclear and controversial. The present work aimed to clarify the effects of 96 h exposure to 4, 80 and 1600 μg·L-1 of 7 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) - (citrate coated (cAuNPs) or polyvinylpyrrolidone coated (PVP-AuNPs)) - and ionic Au (iAu) on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Effects at different levels of biological organization (behaviour, neurotransmission, biotransformation, oxidative stress/damage and genotoxicity) were assessed. cAuNPs induced oxidative stress and damage (lipid peroxidation increase), even at 4 μg·L-1, and reduced the ability of S. aurata to swim against a water flow at 1600 μg·L-1. Exposure to cAuNPs induced more adverse effects than exposure to PVP-AuNPs. All tested concentrations of Au (nano or ionic form) induced DNA breaks and cytogenetic damage in erythrocytes of S. aurata. Generally, iAu induced significantly more effects in fish than the nano form, probably associated with the significantly higher accumulation in the fish tissues. No fish mortality was observed following exposure to AuNPs, but mortality was observed in the group exposed to 1600 μg·L-1 of iAu.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barreto
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - A Dias
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - B Duarte
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - E Pinto
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, P.Porto. CISA/Research Center in Environment and Health, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - A Almeida
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - T Trindade
- Departamento de Química & CICECO, Aveiro Instituto de Materiais, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - K Hylland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - S Loureiro
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Venturoti GP, Boldrini-França J, Gomes AS, Chisté B, Gomes LC. Geophagus brasiliensis (Teleostei: Cichlidae) as an indicator of toxicity of ornamental stone processing wastes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 226:108639. [PMID: 31654828 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Massive exploitation of geological resources may lead to environmental issues due to the inadequate disposal of the processing wastes, which are potentially hazard to terrestrial and aquatic environments. To evaluate the toxic effects ornamental stones processing wastes (OSPW), Geophagus brasiliensis fish were contaminated with different concentrations of OSPW (250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/L). The contaminated aquarium water showed increased total hardness and Ca, Na, K, Mg and Mn content, which lead to bioconcentration of Na+, K+ and Mg2+ in G. brasiliensis gills. The highest concentration of OSPW induced slight to moderate histopathological lesions in gills of exposed fish, such as structural detachment, hyperplasia of the lamellar epithelium and incomplete fusion of several lamellae. Micronucleus and comet assays revealed a dose-dependent genotoxic damage in fish exposed to the contaminant. The biochemical analysis revealed a slight increase in catalase and reduction in superoxide dismutase activities in exposed fish, indicating that OSPW affects the oxidative stress of G. brasiliensis. The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) parameters indicate that low concentrations of OSPW (even under 250 mg/L) may be detrimental to exposed organisms by causing oxidative damage. This study demonstrates the toxic potential of OSPW in G. brasiliensis, even in short-term exposure, revealing some morphologic and molecular parameters that may be used as biomarkers in monitoring aquatic ecosystems contaminated with this effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciele Petarli Venturoti
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário Jose Dantas de Melo, 21, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Johara Boldrini-França
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário Jose Dantas de Melo, 21, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Gomes
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário Jose Dantas de Melo, 21, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Chisté
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário Jose Dantas de Melo, 21, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Levy Carvalho Gomes
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário Jose Dantas de Melo, 21, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
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10
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Venturoti GP, Boldrini-França J, Kiffer WP, Francisco AP, Gomes AS, Gomes LC. Toxic effects of ornamental stone processing waste effluents on Geophagus brasiliensis (Teleostei: Cichlidae). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 72:103268. [PMID: 31585297 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ornamental stone industry generates considerable amounts of waste (OSPW), which may eventually reach natural environments and impact the local ecosystem. The aim of this study was to compare the toxic effects of two OSPW effluents in Geophagus brasiliensis: i) leachate effluent from a lagoon in an OSPW landfill (LE) and ii) decanted effluent from an ornamental stone processing industry (DE). G. brasiliensis were submitted to acute contamination with both OSPW effluents. After contamination, the gills were extracted for evaluation of histopathological alterations and ion concentration, while the liver underwent catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione s-transferase (GST) enzyme activity analysis. An induced biomarker response (IBRv2) index was determined to correlate the multi-biomarker response in G. brasiliensis. Fish gills exposed to DE showed increased concentration of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ when compared to those treated with LE. Histopathological lesions were observed in gills of animals exposed to both effluents. Micronucleus and comet assay were significantly greater in fish exposed to DE, when compared to those contaminated with LE. The evaluation of the enzymatic activity of CAT, GPx and SOD indicate greater oxidative stress in DE and LE-exposed fish, while GST activity was not altered. DE showed an IBRv2 value almost two-times higher in relation to LE, indicating that this waste may present higher toxic potential. The results demonstrate that both contaminants led to substantial toxic effects in G. brasiliensis, although the decanted waste induced the most remarkable responses in G. brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciele Petarli Venturoti
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Johara Boldrini-França
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Walace Pandolpho Kiffer
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Aline Priscila Francisco
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Gomes
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Levy Carvalho Gomes
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, 29102-770, Brazil.
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11
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Mahmoud MA, Abd El-Rahim AH, Mahrous KF, Abdelsalam M, Abu-Aita NA, Afify M. The impact of several hydraulic fracking chemicals on Nile tilapia and evaluation of the protective effects of Spirulina platensis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:19453-19467. [PMID: 31077040 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) chemicals are used to maximize the extraction of hard-to-reach underground energy resources. Large amounts of fracking fluid could escape to the surrounding environments, including underground and surface water resources, during the chemical mixing stage of the hydraulic fracturing water cycle due to equipment failure or human error. However, the impact of pollution resulting from operational discharges is difficult to assess in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, pathological investigations, chromosomal aberrations, DNA damage, and biochemical and hematological parameters were used to evaluate the effects of such chemicals on Nile tilapia. Chromosomal aberrations are considered very sensitive genetic markers of exposure to genotoxic chemicals and are used as indicators of DNA damage. The appearance of different types of chromosomal aberrations (gaps and breaks) due to chemical exposure was significantly reduced by treatment with spirulina. Various deleterious findings in Nile tilapia, in the current study, could attributed to the presence of fracking chemicals in the aquatic environment. However, the presence of spirulina in the diet reduced the hazards of such chemicals. In addition, cytogenetic studies in the current work revealed the importance of spirulina in ameliorating the genotoxic effects of a mixture of some chemicals used in fracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Mahmoud
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer H Abd El-Rahim
- Cell Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Karima F Mahrous
- Cell Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelsalam
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nashwa A Abu-Aita
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh Afify
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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12
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Gallão M, Gnocchi KG, Carvalho LR, Silva BF, Barbosa AN, Chippari-Gomes AR. The Impact of Sublethal Concentrations of Treated Leachate on Nile tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 102:519-524. [PMID: 30770961 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02566-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of sublethal concentrations of treated landfill leachate on Oreochromis niloticus individuals after exposure for 96 h, by assessing biochemical, genotoxic and immunologic biomarkers. Among biochemical biomarkers (activities of ALT, AST and GST enzymes), the treated landfill leachate did not cause significant alterations on O. niloticus and did not significantly affect leukocytes used as an immunologic biomarker. On the other hand, treated leachate induced genotoxic damages, since an increase in erythrocytic micronuclei and in DNA damage (comet assay) were observed in fish exposed to all treatment (2, 4 and 6 mL L-1). Acute toxicity of treated leachate in O. niloticus caused only genotoxic changes in blood cells, showing that micronuclei and comet assay, together, are effective biomarkers in determining the acute toxicity of treated leachate in aquatic environments. This work also shows that leachate, although treated, caused some damages to O. niloticus, which indicates the employed treatment was not efficient in eliminating all genotoxic substances from the leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Gallão
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada (LAB PEIXE), Universidade Vila Velha - UVV, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, no. 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Karla G Gnocchi
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada (LAB PEIXE), Universidade Vila Velha - UVV, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, no. 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Luciano R Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada (LAB PEIXE), Universidade Vila Velha - UVV, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, no. 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Bruno F Silva
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada (LAB PEIXE), Universidade Vila Velha - UVV, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, no. 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Andressa N Barbosa
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada (LAB PEIXE), Universidade Vila Velha - UVV, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, no. 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Adriana R Chippari-Gomes
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada (LAB PEIXE), Universidade Vila Velha - UVV, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, no. 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil.
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13
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Barreto A, Luis LG, Pinto E, Almeida A, Paíga P, Santos LHMLM, Delerue-Matos C, Trindade T, Soares AMVM, Hylland K, Loureiro S, Oliveira M. Genotoxicity of gold nanoparticles in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) after single exposure and combined with the pharmaceutical gemfibrozil. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:11-19. [PMID: 30576896 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to their diverse applications, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are expected to increase of in the environment, although few studies are available on their mode of action in aquatic organisms. The genotoxicity of AuNPs, alone or combined with the human pharmaceutical gemfibrozil (GEM), an environmental contaminant frequently detected in aquatic systems, including in marine ecosystems, was examined using gilthead seabream erythrocytes as a model system. Fish were exposed for 96 h to 4, 80 and 1600 μg L-1 of 40 nm AuNPs with two coatings - citrate or polyvinylpyrrolidone; GEM (150 μg L-1); and a combination of AuNPs and GEM (80 μg L-1 AuNPs + 150 μg L-1 GEM). AuNPs induced DNA damage and increased nuclear abnormalities levels, with coating showing an important role in the toxicity of AuNPs to fish. The combined exposures of AuNPs and GEM produced an antagonistic response, with observed toxic effects in the mixtures being lower than the predicted. The results raise concern about the safety of AuNPs and demonstrate interactions between them and other contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barreto
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - L G Luis
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - E Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - A Almeida
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - P Paíga
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - L H M L M Santos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - C Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - T Trindade
- Departamento de Química & CICECO - Aveiro Instituto de Materiais, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - K Hylland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - S Loureiro
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Queiroz EC, da Silva BF, Salla RV, Ramos JPL, Gnocchi KG, Chippari-Gomes AR. Genotoxic Damages and Bioaccumulation of Cadmium in Geophagus Brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 102:181-185. [PMID: 30631894 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) in Geophagus brasiliensis was investigated in the present study. For this, 32 specimens of G. brasiliensis were exposed in individual aquaria to Cd concentrations (0.00, 0.01, 0.07, and 0.67 mg/L) for 14 days. The micronuclei test did not detect the genotoxic damage at the studied concentrations and time of exposure. However, the comet assay proved to be more efficient, as DNA damage was found in the animals exposed to the higher Cd concentrations. Finally, exposure of G. brasiliensis to Cd was associated with Cd accumulation in the gills, while only the animals exposed to 0.67 mg/L of Cd exhibited muscle accumulation. These results demonstrate that Cd concentrations over 0.07 mg/L caused genotoxic damage, as well as Cd accumulation in G. brasiliensis individuals after a 14 days exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuelle Carneiro Queiroz
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada (LAB PEIXE), Universidade Vila Velha -UVV, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, n o 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ferreira da Silva
- InstitutoAplysia, Rua Júlia Lacourt Penha, n o 335, Jardim Camburi, Vitoria, ES, 29090-210, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Victor Salla
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada (LAB PEIXE), Universidade Vila Velha -UVV, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, n o 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Jean Pierre Louzada Ramos
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada (LAB PEIXE), Universidade Vila Velha -UVV, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, n o 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Karla Giavarini Gnocchi
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada (LAB PEIXE), Universidade Vila Velha -UVV, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, n o 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Adriana Regina Chippari-Gomes
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada (LAB PEIXE), Universidade Vila Velha -UVV, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, n o 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil.
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15
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Erraud A, Bonnard M, Chaumot A, Geffard O, Duflot A, Forget-Leray J, Le Foll F, Geffard A, Xuereb B. Use of sperm DNA integrity as a marker for exposure to contamination in Palaemon serratus (Pennant 1777): Intrinsic variability, baseline level and in situ deployment. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 132:124-134. [PMID: 29324292 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study, the Comet assay was optimized for Palaemon serratus prawns in order to propose a biomarker for sperm quality in this species. However, better knowledge of its basal level and its natural variability, related to intrinsic biotic and environmental abiotic factors, is required before any relevant use of this biomarker in the field. To fulfill this goal, the present study proceeded in three steps: (i) the temporal variability of DNA integrity was followed monthly in a reference population over a 2-year period, (ii) the correlation between the main intrinsic biotic (i.e. size, weight and molting stage) and abiotic factors (i.e. water temperature) were recorded in the field, and the basal DNA integrity was assessed in order to scrutinize any confounding influence of factors unrelated to toxic response, (iii) the baseline level was used to discriminate biomarker response among different stations displaying contrasting contamination levels. The results of the two-year monitoring in the reference population revealed no correlation between the levels of spermatozoa DNA damage and temperature, body size, weight or molting stage. Only a slight variability between monthly samplings was detected. On the basis of these field-collected data, we defined a reference distribution (i.e. 52.6 ± 5.6 A.U) with a threshold value (i.e. 61.7 A.U). Finally, this threshold value proved its relevance to discriminate among stations with contrasting pollution levels around the Seine Bay. Indeed, the results suggest significant DNA damage in populations nearest the Seine estuary, a major source of contaminants in the Bay, and a lower effect in populations further away from the estuary. The overall conclusion was that the Comet assay on P. serratus spermatozoa could be a useful tool for the monitoring of the toxicological print within sperm and main globally the contamination exposure of crustaceans in marine waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Erraud
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Marc Bonnard
- Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Arnaud Chaumot
- IRSTEA, UR MALY Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Geffard
- IRSTEA, UR MALY Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aurélie Duflot
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Joëlle Forget-Leray
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Frank Le Foll
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Alain Geffard
- Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Benoit Xuereb
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 76600 Le Havre, France.
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Tuzuki BLL, Delunardo FAC, Ribeiro LN, Melo CPD, Gomes LC, Chippari-Gomes AR. Effects of manganese on fat snook Centropomus parallelus (Carangaria: Centropomidae) exposed to different temperatures. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study evaluates the effects of exposure to manganese (Mn2+) for 96 hours at two different temperatures (24 and 27°C) on juveniles of Centropomus parallelus through the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT), micronuclei test (MN) and comet assay. The GST activity did not show any significant difference between the groups exposed to Mn2+ and the respective control groups; in contrast, a major increase in the CAT activity was observed at 27°C in the group exposed to Mn2+ compared to the control group. The genotoxic analyses showed that in all animals exposed to Mn2+, the number of red cells with micronuclei increased significantly compared to the respective control groups. There was also a significant increase in the incidence of DNA damage in the groups exposed to Mn2+. At a temperature of 24ºC, animals exposed to Mn2+ had more DNA damage than those at 27°C. It is likely that the increase in temperature can also induce oxidative stress. Thus, we conclude that manganese is toxic to the fat snook juveniles, causing genotoxic damage, and when associated with an increase in temperature, manganese can also provoke an increase in oxidative stress.
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17
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Barreto A, Luis L, Soares A, Paíga P, Santos L, Delerue-Matos C, Hylland K, Loureiro S, Oliveira M. Genotoxicity of gemfibrozil in the gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ). MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 821:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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18
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Kostić J, Kolarević S, Kračun-Kolarević M, Aborgiba M, Gačić Z, Lenhardt M, Vuković-Gačić B. Genotoxicity assessment of the Danube River using tissues of freshwater bream (Abramis brama). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:20783-20795. [PMID: 27475437 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the use of freshwater bream (Abramis brama) as a sentinel organism for genotoxicity assessment of the Danube River using the comet assay. Sampling of bream was performed during February, April, August, and November in 2014 to assess seasonal variation of DNA damage level as a response to genotoxicity in annual cycle. Additionally, concentrations of fecal coliforms and enterococci were analyzed and they indicated a critical to strong level of fecal pollution on investigated locality during annual cycle. Comet assay was performed on blood, liver, and gill cells of bream. DNA damage level was expressed using tail intensity (TI %), Olive tail moment (OTM), and tail length (TL pix). According to TI and OTM, all three tissues had the highest level of DNA damage in August. The lowest level of DNA damage in liver was measured during February, in blood during November, and in gills during April. According to TL, gills had the highest level of DNA damage in February, and liver cells had the lowest level of damage during April. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) showed that DNA damage in blood cells is under the strong influence of variations in NO2, NO3-, NH4+ levels and also the variation in temperature and oxygen levels. DNA damage in liver cells is highly associated with the variations of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and PO43- levels. DNA damage in gill cells is strongly affected by the variations of As, Cd, Pb, Cr, and COD (Mn) levels. Freshwater bream is shown to be a potentially good indicator organism in genotoxic potential field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Kostić
- Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Stoimir Kolarević
- Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Margareta Kračun-Kolarević
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mustafa Aborgiba
- Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gačić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Lenhardt
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Vuković-Gačić
- Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Veronez ACDS, Salla RV, Baroni VD, Barcarolli IF, Bianchini A, Dos Reis Martinez CB, Chippari-Gomes AR. Genetic and biochemical effects induced by iron ore, Fe and Mn exposure in tadpoles of the bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 174:101-108. [PMID: 26930479 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
For decades, the extraction of minerals has intensified in order to meet the demand of industry. Iron ore deposits are important sources of metals, such as iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). The particulate ores can be dispersed during extraction, transport and storage, with potential to induce biological impacts. Amphibians are very sensitive to environmental stressors. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effects of iron ore, Fe and Mn exposure during the metamorphosis of Lithobates catesbeianus. Endpoints analyzed included morphological (biometrical and developmental analyses), whole body Fe and Mn concentration in, plasma ferritin concentration, erythrocyte DNA damage (measured through comet assay and micronucleus test) and liver activity of enzymes involved in oxidative status [glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT)]. Tadpoles were kept under control condition (no contaminant addition) or exposed to iron ore (3.79mg/L as fine particulate matter); Fe (nominal concentration: 0.51mg/L Fe as C10H12FeN2NaO8; Fe-EDTA); and Mn (nominal concentration: 5.23mg/L Mn as 4H2O.MnCl2) for 30 days. Virtually, no mortality was observed, except for one tadpole found dead in the iron ore treatment. However, tadpoles exposed to iron ore had longer tail than those kept under control conditions while tadpoles exposed to manganese chloride showed higher body length than control ones. Exposure to Fe and Mn induced a delay in tadpole metamorphosis, especially when these metals are presented not as a mixture (iron ore). Tadpoles exposed to iron ore had increased whole body Fe and Mn while those exposed to Fe and Mn accumulated each metal individually. Tadpoles exposed to any of the contaminants tested showed a significant increase in erythrocyte DNA damage and frequency of micronuclei. In addition, they showed higher liver GST activity respect with those kept under control conditions. Plasma ferritin concentration and liver CAT activity were higher only in tadpoles exposed to iron ore. These findings indicated that tadpoles accumulated Fe and Mn at the whole body level after exposure to the single metals or to their mixture as iron ore. In addition, they indicate that Fe and Mn accumulation can induce oxidative stress with consequent significant developmental, genotoxic and biochemical effects in L. catesbeianus tadpoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Caroline da Silva Veronez
- Universidade Vila Velha-UVV, Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada (LAB PEIXE), Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo no 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
| | - Rômulo Victor Salla
- Universidade Vila Velha-UVV, Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada (LAB PEIXE), Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo no 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
| | - Vinícius Dadalto Baroni
- Universidade Vila Velha-UVV, Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada (LAB PEIXE), Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo no 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
| | - Indianara Fernanda Barcarolli
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina-UDESC, Av. Madre Benvenuta, 2007-Itacorubi, 88035-001 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Itália km 8, Carreiros, 96, 203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Bueno Dos Reis Martinez
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal, Caixa-postal: 10011, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Regina Chippari-Gomes
- Universidade Vila Velha-UVV, Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada (LAB PEIXE), Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo no 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
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20
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Ronci L, Meccoli L, Iannilli V, Menegoni P, De Matthaeis E, Setini A. Comparison between active and passive biomonitoring strategies for the assessment of genotoxicity and metal bioaccumulation in Echinogammarus veneris (Crustacea: Amphipoda). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/11250003.2016.1169321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Ronci
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - L. Meccoli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - V. Iannilli
- Territorial and Production Systems Sustainability Department, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services ENEA, National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - P. Menegoni
- Territorial and Production Systems Sustainability Department, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services ENEA, National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - E. De Matthaeis
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Setini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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21
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Ullah S, Begum M, Ahmad S, Dhama K. Genotoxic Effect of Endosulfan at Sublethal Concentrations in
Mori (Cirrhinus mrigala) Fish Using Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis
(Comet) Assay. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.169.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Ullah S, Begum M, Dhama K, Ahmad S, Hassan S, Alam I. Malathion Induced DNA Damage in Freshwater Fish, Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) Using Alkaline Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2016.98.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gülsoy N, Yavas C, Mutlu Ö. Genotoxic effects of boric acid and borax in zebrafish, Danio rerio using alkaline comet assay. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:890-9. [PMID: 26862320 PMCID: PMC4743479 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study is conducted to determine the potential mechanisms of Boron compounds, boric acid (BA) and borax (BX), on genotoxicity of zebrafish Danio rerio for 24, 48, 72 and 96-hours acute exposure (level:1, 4, 16, 64 mg/l BA and BX) in semi-static bioassay experiment. For that purpose, peripheral erythrocytes were drawn from caudal vein and Comet assay was applied to assess genotoxicity. Acute (96 hours) exposure and high concentrations of boric acid and borax increases % tail DNA and Olive tail moment. Genotoxicity was found for BA as concentration-dependent and BX as concentration and time dependent manner. In general, significant effects (P < 0,05) on both concentrations and exposure times were observed in experimental groups. DNA damage was highest at 96 h and 24 h for all BX and BA concentrations, respectively in peripheral blood of D. rerio. For the first time, our study demonstrates the effect of waterborne BA and BX exposure on genotoxicity at the molecular level, which may contribute to understanding the mechanism of boric acid and borax-induced genotoxicity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Gülsoy
- Marmara University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 34722, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cüneyd Yavas
- Marmara University, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, 34722, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özal Mutlu
- Marmara University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 34722, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
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Delunardo FAC, de Carvalho LR, da Silva BF, Galão M, Val AL, Chippari-Gomes AR. Seahorse (Hippocampus reidi) as a bioindicator of crude oil exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 117:28-33. [PMID: 25828890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the suitability of the seahorse Hippocampus reidi (Ginsburg, 1933) for assessing biomarkers of genotoxic effects and its use as a sentinel organism to detect the effects of acute exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons. Fish were exposed to three concentrations of crude oil (10, 20 and 30 g/kg) for 96 h, and the activity of phase II biotransformation enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) was measured. In addition, we performed genotoxicity assays, such as comet assay, micronucleus (MN) test and nuclear abnormalities (NA) induction, on the erythrocytes of the fish species. Our results revealed that the inhibition of hepatic GST activity in H. reidi was dependent on increasing crude oil concentrations. In contrast, an increase in the damage index (DI) and MN frequency were observed with increased crude oil concentrations. These results indicate that the alkaline comet assay and micronucleus test were suitable and useful in the evaluation of the genotoxicity of crude oil, which could improve determinations of the impact of oil spills on fish populations. In addition, H. reidi is a promising "sentinel organism" to detect the genotoxic impact of petroleum hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciano Rodrigues de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada, Universidade Vila Velha (LAB PEIXE-UVV), CEP.: 29102-770, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ferreira da Silva
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada, Universidade Vila Velha (LAB PEIXE-UVV), CEP.: 29102-770, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Michel Galão
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada, Universidade Vila Velha (LAB PEIXE-UVV), CEP.: 29102-770, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Luís Val
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Evolução Molecular (LEEM-INPA), CEP: 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Adriana R Chippari-Gomes
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada, Universidade Vila Velha (LAB PEIXE-UVV), CEP.: 29102-770, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
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Le Bihanic F, Morin B, Cousin X, Le Menach K, Budzinski H, Cachot J. Developmental toxicity of PAH mixtures in fish early life stages. Part I: adverse effects in rainbow trout. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:13720-13731. [PMID: 24687795 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new gravel-contact assay using rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, embryos was developed to assess the toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other hydrophobic compounds. Environmentally realistic exposure conditions were mimicked with a direct exposure of eyed rainbow trout embryos incubated onto chemical-spiked gravels until hatching at 10 °C. Several endpoints were recorded including survival, hatching delay, hatching success, biometry, developmental abnormalities, and DNA damage (comet and micronucleus assays). This bioassay was firstly tested with two model PAHs, fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene. Then, the method was applied to compare the toxicity of three PAH complex mixtures characterized by different PAH compositions: a pyrolytic extract from a PAH-contaminated sediment (Seine estuary, France) and two petrogenic extracts from Arabian Light and Erika oils, at two environmental concentrations, 3 and 10 μg g(-1) sum of PAHs. The degree and spectrum of toxicity were different according to the extract considered. Acute effects including embryo mortality and decreased hatching success were observed only for Erika oil extract. Arabian Light and pyrolytic extracts induced mainly sublethal effects including reduced larvae size and hemorrhages. Arabian Light and Erika extracts both induced repairable DNA damage as revealed by the comet assay versus the micronucleus assay. The concentration and proportion of methylphenanthrenes and methylanthracenes appeared to drive the toxicity of the three PAH fractions tested, featuring a toxic gradient as follows: pyrolytic < Arabian Light < Erika. The minimal concentration causing developmental defects was as low as 0.7 μg g(-1) sum of PAHs, indicating the high sensitivity of the assay and validating its use for toxicity assessment of particle-bound pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florane Le Bihanic
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, 351 cours de la liberation, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
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26
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Osman AGM. Genotoxicity Tests and Their Contributions in Aquatic Environmental Research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2014.514132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Poletta GL, Gigena F, Loteste A, Parma MJ, Kleinsorge EC, Simoniello MF. Comet assay in gill cells of Prochilodus lineatus exposed in vivo to cypermethrin. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 107:385-390. [PMID: 24267701 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural chemicals can induce genetic alterations on aquatic organisms that have been associated with effects on growth, reproduction and population dynamics. The evaluation of DNA damage in fish using the comet assay (CA) frequently involves the utilization of erythrocytes. However, epithelial gill cells (EGC) can be more sensitive, as they are constantly dividing and in direct contact with potentially stressing compounds from the aquatic environment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate (1) the sensitivity and suitability of epithelial gill cells of Prochilodus lineatus in response to different genotoxic agents through the application of the CA, (2) the induction of DNA damage in this cell population after in vivo exposure to cypermethrin. Baseline value of the CA damage index (DI) for EGC of juvenile P. lineatus was 144.68±5.69. Damage increased in a dose-dependent manner after in vitro exposure of EGC to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and H2O2, two known genotoxic agents. In vivo exposure of fish to cypermethrin induced a significant increase in DNA DI of EGC at 0.150μg/l (DI: 239.62±6.21) and 0.300μg/l (270.63±2.09) compared to control (150.25±4.38) but no effect was observed at 0.075μg/l (168.50±10.77). This study shows that EGC of this species are sensitive for the application of the CA, demonstrating DNA damage in response to alkylation (MMS), oxidative damage (H2O2), and to the insecticide cypermethryn. These data, together with our previous study on DNA damage induction on erythrocytes of this species, provides useful information for future work involving biomonitoring in regions where P. lineatus is naturally exposed to pesticides and other genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, (C1033AAJ) CABA, Argentina.
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Evrard E, Devaux A, Bony S, Cachot J, Charrier G, Quiniou L, Laroche J. Responses of juvenile European flounder (Platichthys flesus) to multistress in the Vilaine estuary, during a 6-month survey. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:676-689. [PMID: 22945659 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Physiological and genetic responses of age 0+ Platichthys flesus were investigated in the eutrophicated and moderately contaminated Vilaine estuary, during a 6-month survey. The main objective of this study was to explore the biological responses of fishes during their juvenile period in an estuarine system in order to detect a possible selective pressure induced by the environmental stress. Our results showed a general convergence in physiological responses along the survey: an increase in genotoxicity was associated with an increase in mRNA expression of ATPase and betaine homocysteine methyltransferase. These results could suggest an increase of cellular damage, energetic request, and detoxification rate related to the growing exposure time to stress. Considering the aging of the cohort, the genetic characteristics of the Vilaine flounder cohort came closer to the one observed in a highly stressed system, the Seine estuary, suggesting a potential selective pressure mainly induced by the chemical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estérine Evrard
- CEDRE, rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, 29218 Brest Cedex 2, France
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Cariello Delunardo FA, Ferreira da Silva B, Paulino MG, Narciso Fernandes M, Chippari-Gomes AR. Genotoxic and morphological damage in Hippocampus reidi exposed to crude oil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 87:1-9. [PMID: 23116620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present article investigates the responses of Hippocampus reidi exposed to crude oil (10mL/L) for time periods that are characteristic of acute (12, 24, 48 and 96h) and subchronic (168 and 336h) and its recovery at 168h, such as to assess H. reidi as a good sentinel species. These responses were examined by genotoxic and morphologic analyses. There was a control group (n=8) for each group exposed to crude oil (n=8). The results revealed the occurrence of genotoxic damage in erythrocytes of all specimens exposed to crude oil. The damage index (DI) observed for all exposure times were significantly higher compared to those of the respective control groups; the highest DI was observed in specimens exposed to crude oil for 168h. The group exposed to crude oil for 96h had the highest values of micronuclei than all other exposure times. Microscopic inspection of the H. reidi gills revealed the presence of several histopathological changes, all of which were minor severity (structural normal gills). The recovery experiment revealed a significant reduction in genotoxic damages, however the period of 168h was not sufficient to recuperate the histopathology damages. The Seahorse has presented significant genotoxic responses after exposure to crude oil. Furthermore, it is a sedentary fish and is widely distributed; in conclusion this specie can be considered an excellent sentinel organism.
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Copat C, Brundo MV, Arena G, Grasso A, Oliveri Conti G, Ledda C, Fallico R, Sciacca S, Ferrante M. Seasonal variation of bioaccumulation in Engraulis encrasicolus (Linneaus, 1758) and related biomarkers of exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 86:31-7. [PMID: 23020986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, the development of new techniques and the increase of sophisticated assays has improved the environmental monitoring programs by using fish as bioindicators of marine ecosystems, applying a multibiomarkers approach. The aim of this study was to assess the contamination level of the Catania Gulf through bioaccumulation and contaminant exposure response in Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758). Heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were analyzed in muscle tissue of the species. Furthermore we evaluated biomarkers of exposure to such contaminants: the metallothioneins (MTs), the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and stress protein or "heat shock proteins" (HSP70). In total, three sampling of 30 specimens each were performed during 2011. Comparison between classes of contaminants was performed using Student's t-test for paired samples Data showed that: the populations of E. encrasicolus accumulated a certain amount of metals, PAHs and organochlorine compounds in their tissues, that, however, did not exceed the legal limits set by Regulation 1881/2006 for contaminants in fish muscle; essential metals accumulate more during the reproductive periods of the species; the accumulation of heavy metals and PAHs are more closely related to natural and anthropogenic events; the presence of PCBs, although in traces, is the confirmation that banned compounds persist in the environment for several years; the levels of contaminants found in the tissues of the species do not seem to be likely to cause toxic effects both in the studied fish species. In conclusion, environmental risk assessment came out in this study for the Catania Gulf, showed a positive picture, although the contaminants detected are related to a certain degree of anthropic impact, and should be constantly monitored to ensure quality standards of the studied area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Copat
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
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31
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Tomasello B, Copat C, Pulvirenti V, Ferrito V, Ferrante M, Renis M, Sciacca S, Tigano C. Biochemical and bioaccumulation approaches for investigating marine pollution using Mediterranean rainbow wrasse, Coris julis (Linneaus 1798). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 86:168-175. [PMID: 23025894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A multibiomarkers approach was used in order to estimate and monitor marine pollution. Coris julis (Linneaus, 1758) was chosen as a sentinel organism, and the specimens were collected from three well-known sites along the Ionic coast of Sicily: the protected marine area (P.M.A) "Cyclop's Islands" of Acitrezza (CT), used as a control site, Riposto (CT), and the industrial site of Augusta (SR). Abiotic levels of contaminants were also detected. High levels of biotic and abiotic accumulation were found at the industrial site in which the presence of genotoxic and oxidative damage were also evidenced, measured by Micronuclei, Alkaline and Fpg-modified Comet assays. The protein expression analysis showed metallothioneins (MTs) as good tissue-specific markers of metal accumulation. Their levels were significantly higher in muscle than in liver tissue for all the sampling sites, with a positive correlation among tissue levels and the degree of pollution at the sites. Conversely, heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70) expression was higher in Augusta and Riposto than in the control site, but no significant difference was found between the examined tissues among all sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tomasello
- Department of Drug's Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Otter RR, Meier J, Kubach KM, Lazorchak JM, Klaine SJ. The effects of urbanization on Lepomis macrochirus using the comet assay. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 84:299-303. [PMID: 22885057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization has been linked to increased concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in natural waterways. This study was designed to examine the impact of urbanization and a wastewater treatment plant by investigating the impact on field-collected bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Results show a significant increase in DNA strand breaks in blood cells (comet assay) linked to urbanization and a reduction in DNA strand breaks downstream of the WWTP, likely the result of dilution. A laboratory study exposing L. macrochirus to the known mutagen, methyl methanesulfonate, was performed to validate the comet assay endpoints in this species. Results of the laboratory study showed that the comet assay endpoints of tail length and tail extent moment responded in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Habitat quality assessments, along with chemical concentrations of polycyclic hydrocarbons in sediments showed that habitat quality between all sites were similar and that hydrocarbons likely contributed to the DNA strand breaks observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Otter
- Clemson Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University, Pendleton, SC, USA.
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Güez CM, Waczuk EP, Pereira KB, Querol MVM, Rocha JBTD, Oliveira LFSD. In vivo and in vitro genotoxicity studies of aqueous extract of Xanthium spinosum. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502012000300013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of plants as a source of palliative or cure for pathological conditions is quite common worldwide. Xanthium spinosum (Asteraceae), popularly known in Brazil as 'espinho de carneiro', is an annual weed from South America, which has been used by empiric medicine to treat neoplasias. Owing to the extensive use of the above-mentioned plant and to the lack of reports about the real effects of its infusion, current study evaluated the genotoxic potential of its aqueous extract at concentrations 0.02 g L-1, 0.1 g L-1 and 0.2 g L-1 by fish micronucleus test and by comet human leukocytes assay. The micronucleus test featured at least 50 cells with micronuclei to every 2,000 cells scored, as a mutagenic parameter. The comet assay was used as a parameter for assessing the level of cell damage and the damage index. Since no significant changes in strain cells exposed to the aqueous extract in the comet and micronucleus assays were reported, it seems that no genotoxicity evidence is extant at the concentrations and in the assays performed.
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Osman AG, Abuel-Fadl KY, Kloas W. In situ evaluation of the genotoxic potential of the river Nile: II. Detection of DNA strand-breakage and apoptosis in Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 747:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pandey AK, Nagpure NS, Trivedi SP, Kumar R, Kushwaha B. Profenofos induced DNA damage in freshwater fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch) using alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis. Mutat Res 2011; 726:209-14. [PMID: 21971292 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the induced genotoxicity (DNA damage) due to organophosphate pesticide profenofos (PFF) in gill cells of freshwater fish Channa punctatus using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/Comet assay. The 96h LC(50) value of PFF (50% EC) was estimated for the fish species in a semistatic system and then three sub-lethal of LC(50) concentrations viz the sub-lethal 1, sub-lethal 2 and sub-lethal 3 concentrations were determined as 0.58ppb, 1.16ppb and 1.74ppb, respectively. The fish specimens were exposed to these concentrations of the pesticide and the gill tissue samplings were done on 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h post exposure for assessment of DNA damage in terms of percentage of DNA in comet tails. In general, a concentration dependent response was observed in the gill cells with induction of maximum DNA damage at the highest concentration of PFF. The results of the present investigation indicated that PFF could potentially induce genotoxic effect in fish, even in sub-lethal concentrations and SCGE as a sensitive and reliable tool for in vivo assessment of DNA damage caused by the genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atindra Kumar Pandey
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Lucknow, India
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36
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Lacaze E, Devaux A, Jubeaux G, Mons R, Gardette M, Bony S, Garric J, Geffard O. DNA damage in Gammarus fossarum sperm as a biomarker of genotoxic pressure: intrinsic variability and reference level. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:3230-3236. [PMID: 21621819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the perspective of a biomonitoring application for assessing genotoxicity of freshwater ecosystems, the Comet assay has recently been developed on spermatozoa in the amphipod Gammarus fossarum, in order to propose a sensitive and reliable genotoxicity biomarker in an ecologically relevant freshwater species. The appropriate use of a genotoxicity biomarker requires good knowledge of its basal level and its natural variability related to intrinsic biotic and environmental abiotic factors. We propose a procedure for which the lowest biomarker variability related to methodological and intrinsic biotic factors is obtained and a reference value of biomarker basal response taking into account its spatio-temporal changes has been defined. A strong impact of spermatogenesis status and exposure time on the response to genotoxicant pressure was observed. These reports led us to select a standard organism, i.e., the mature male gammarid in precopula. No effect of temperature and conductivity on baseline DNA damage was observed in the laboratory for the tested range (6-24 °C and 300/600 μS cm⁻¹). Similarly, no spatio-temporal change relative to season or the physico-chemical characteristics of the water was recorded during the field survey. On the basis of these results, a reference level with maximal threshold values has been proposed for the standard gammarid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lacaze
- Université de Lyon, ENTPE-INRA, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement, rue Maurice Audin, Vaulx en Velin, F-69518, France
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Nunes EA, de Lemos CT, Gavronski L, Moreira TN, Oliveira NCD, da Silva J. Genotoxic assessment on river water using different biological systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:47-53. [PMID: 21435689 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports genotoxicity and toxicity data in water samples collected in Sinos River, an important water course in the hydrographic region of Guaíba Lake, Rio Grande do Sul State, south of Brazil. This river is exposed to intense anthropic influence by numerous shoes, leather, petrochemical, and metallurgy industries. Water samples were collected at two moments (winter 2006 and spring 2006) at five sites of Sinos River and evaluated using in vitro V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (cytotoxicity, comet assay and micronucleus test) and Allium cepa test (toxicity and micronucleus test). Comet and micronucleus tests revealed that water samples collected exerted cytotoxic, toxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects. The results showed the toxic action of organic and inorganic agents found in the water samples in all sites of Sinos River, for both data collections. The main causes behind pollution were the domestic and industrial toxic discharges. The V79 and A. cepa tests were proved efficient to detect toxicity and genotoxicity caused by complex mixtures. This study also showed the need for constant monitoring in sites with strong environmental degradation caused by industrial discharges and urban sewages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilene Arusievicz Nunes
- Foundation of the State Environmental Protection Henrique Luís Roessler/FEPAM - Cytogenetics Laboratory, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Polard T, Jean S, Gauthier L, Laplanche C, Merlina G, Sánchez-Pérez JM, Pinelli E. Mutagenic impact on fish of runoff events in agricultural areas in south-west France. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 101:126-134. [PMID: 20970859 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
When heavy rainfall follows herbicide application, the intense surface runoff causes stream water contamination. Aquatic organisms are then briefly exposed to a complex mixture of contaminants. The aim of the present study is to investigate the genotoxic impact of such events on fish. A model fish, the Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) was exposed in controlled conditions, for 4 days, to water sampled daily in the Save River (France). The watershed of this stream is representative of agricultural areas in south-west France. Three hydrological conditions were compared: basal flow, winter flood, and spring flood. Chemical analysis of the water samples confirmed the higher contamination of the spring flood water, mainly explained by a peak of metolachlor. Genotoxicity was evaluated by micronucleus (MN) test and comet assay in peripheral erythrocytes. A significant increase in DNA breakdowns compared to controls was detected by the comet assay for all conditions. Exposure to spring flood water resulted in the highest damage induction. Moreover, induced chromosomal damage was only detected in this condition. In addition, fish were exposed, for 4 days, to an experimental mixture of 5 herbicides representative of the spring flood water contamination. Fish exhibited moderate DNA damage induction and no significant chromosomal damage. The mutagenicity induced by field-collected water is then suspected to be the result of numerous interactions between contaminants themselves and environmental factors, stressing the use of realistic exposure conditions. The results revealed a mutagenic impact of water contamination during the spring flood, emphasizing the need to consider these transient events in water quality monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Polard
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, ECOLAB (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle), Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Castanet Tolosan, France
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Salvagni J, Ternus RZ, Fuentefria AM. Assessment of the genotoxic impact of pesticides on farming communities in the countryside of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Genet Mol Biol 2011; 34:122-6. [PMID: 21637554 PMCID: PMC3085357 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572010005000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the use of pesticides on farms located in the Lambedor River watershed in Guatambu, State of Santa Catarina, as well as to determine, by micronucleus testing, the risk of genotoxic impact. Samples from locally collected Cyprinus carpio, Hypostomus punctatus, Rhamdia quelen and Oreochromis niloticus gave evidence of a mean increase in micronuclei frequency from 6.21 to 13.78 in 1,000 erythrocytes, a clear indication of the genotoxic potenciality of pesticide residues in regional dams, and their significant contribution to local environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueli Salvagni
- Área de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Raquel Zeni Ternus
- Área de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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Oliveira M, Maria VL, Ahmad I, Pacheco M, Santos MA. Seasonal Liza aurata tissue-specific DNA integrity in a multi-contaminated coastal lagoon (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2010; 60:1755-1761. [PMID: 20619864 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the DNA integrity of golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) collected in differently contaminated sites of a coastal lagoon, Ria de Aveiro (Portugal), was assessed, over the period of 1 year, using the DNA alkaline unwinding assay, in four different tissues (gill, kidney, liver and blood) and compared to a reference site. The four tissues displayed different DNA integrity basal levels, clearly affected by seasonal factors. Gill and kidney were, respectively, the most and least sensitive tissues. All sites demonstrated the capacity to interfere with DNA integrity. The sites displaying the highest and lowest DNA damage capability were, respectively, Barra (subject to naval traffic) and Vagos (contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). In terms of seasonal variability, autumn seems to be the more critical season (more DNA damage) unlike summer when no DNA damage was found in any tissue. Data recommend the continued monitoring of this aquatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oliveira
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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41
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Groff AA, Silva JD, Nunes EA, Ianistcki M, Guecheva TN, Oliveira AMD, Oliveira CPFD, Val AL, Henriques JA. UVA/UVB-induced genotoxicity and lesion repair in Colossoma macropomum and Arapaima gigas Amazonian fish. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 99:93-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Velma V, Tchounwou PB. Chromium-induced biochemical, genotoxic and histopathologic effects in liver and kidney of goldfish, carassius auratus. Mutat Res 2010; 698:43-51. [PMID: 20348018 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fish constitute an excellent model to understand the mechanistic aspects of metal toxicity vis-à-vis oxidative stress in aquatic ecosystems. Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)), due to its redox potential can induce oxidative stress (OS) in fish and impair their health. In the present investigation, we hypothesize that OS plays a key role in chromium induced toxicity in goldfish; leading to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O(.)(2), H(2)O(2), OH(.), and subsequent modulation of the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), metallothioneins (MT), glutathione proxidase (GPx), genotoxicity and histopathology. To test this hypothesis, antioxidant enzymes, DNA damage and histopathology assays were performed in liver and kidney tissues of goldfish exposed to different concentrations of Cr (VI) (LC(12.5), LC(25) and LC(50)) following 96h static renewal bioassay. The results of this study clearly show that the fish experienced OS as characterized by significant modulation of enzyme activities, induction of DNA damage and microscopic morphological changes in the liver and kidney. In both tissues, CAT activity was decreased whereas SOD activity and hydroperoxide levels were increased. In addition, GPx activity also increased significantly in higher test concentrations, especially in the kidney. MT induction and DNA damage were observed in both tissues in a concentration dependent manner. Microscopic examination of organ morphology indicated degeneration of liver tissue and necrosis of central vein. Necrosis of kidney tubular epithelial cells and tubules was observed at higher Cr (VI) concentrations. Taking together the findings of this study are helpful in organ-specific risk assessment of Cr (VI)-induced oxidative stress, genotoxicity and histopathology in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatramreddy Velma
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH-RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology. Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Osman A, Ali E, Hashem M, Mostafa M, Mekkawy I. Genotoxicity of two pathogenic strains of zoosporic fungi (Achlya klebsiana and Aphanomyces laevis) on erythrocytes of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus niloticus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:24-31. [PMID: 19811832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present work we have described the genotoxic potential of two pathogenic strains of zoosporic fungi (Achlya klebsiana and Aphanomyces laevis) on erythrocytes of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus niloticus for the first time by three complementary tests: micronucleus test (MN), nuclear lesions (NL) and comet assay (CA). The groups exposed to the zoosporic fungi subjected to the MN and NL test showed statistically significant differences in MN and NL frequencies with respect to the control one. Also, a significant increase (p<0.001) in micronuclei and nuclear lesions frequencies were recorded with the increase in exposure time. A correlation was observed between the frequencies of MN and NL, suggesting the importance for recording this anomaly in order to improve the information obtained with the MN test. Therefore, our results suggest that the nuclear lesions found here should be considered indicators of genotoxicity, in addition to the typical micronuclei forms. The result of the comet assay showed a significant difference in the percentages of the damaged DNA in the comet tail (%TDNA) of the treated groups comparing to the control. A significant (p<0.001) increase in the DNA damage of the treated groups with the increase in exposure time was recorded, confirming the results of the MN and the NL tests. The results of the current study will be useful for future work involving the biomonitoring of regions where Nile tilapia survive. These data allow us to consider O. niloticus niloticus as a good bioindicator of the effects of genotoxic agents that might be present in the aquatic habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Osman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), 71524 Assiut, Egypt.
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Dhawan A, Bajpayee M, Parmar D. The Comet Assay: A Versatile Tool for Assessing DNA Damage. THE COMET ASSAY IN TOXICOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/9781847559746-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alok Dhawan
- Developmental Toxicology Division Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Formerly Industrial Toxicology Research Centre) P.O. Box 80 M.G. Marg Lucknow 226 001 India
| | - Mahima Bajpayee
- Developmental Toxicology Division Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Formerly Industrial Toxicology Research Centre) P.O. Box 80 M.G. Marg Lucknow 226 001 India
| | - Devendra Parmar
- Developmental Toxicology Division Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (Formerly Industrial Toxicology Research Centre) P.O. Box 80 M.G. Marg Lucknow 226 001 India
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Simoniello MF, Gigena F, Poletta G, Loteste A, Kleinsorge E, Campana M, Scagnetti J, Parma MJ. Alkaline comet assay for genotoxic effect detection in neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus (Pisces, Curimatidae). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 83:155-158. [PMID: 19466374 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-009-9771-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Toxicants on fish may induce genetic alterations that can be used as genotoxic markers. We evaluated DNA damage using alkaline comet assay applied on erythrocytes after in vivo exposure of Prochilodus lineatus to different concentrations of Cypermethrin (0.300, 0.150, 0.075 and 0.000 microg/L) as a probable chemical mutagen. The results revealed a significantly higher level of DNA damage at all concentrations of Cypermethrin tested compared to control and background level (p < 0.05). We have standardized the technique for one of the most common native fish species that will be useful for biomonitoring genotoxicity in polluted waters of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo C.C 242, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
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Tigano C, Tomasello B, Pulvirenti V, Ferrito V, Copat C, Carpinteri G, Mollica E, Sciacca S, Renis M. Assessment of environmental stress in Parablennius sanguinolentus (Pallas, 1814) of the Sicilian Ionian coast. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:1278-86. [PMID: 19217660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The blenny Parablennius sanguinolentus was selected as a useful bioindicator of environmental pollution. Chemical parameters in water and sediments from three different sampling sites along the Sicilian Ionian coast were determined and metal concentrations in fish muscle were measured. DNA fragmentation and oxidation in erythrocytes and hepatocytes was determined by the Comet assay and HSP70 expression levels were evaluated in the liver. The results show an increased level of chromium in sediments and high polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in water at one site. The bioaccumulation of metals in muscle tissue shows high concentrations of lead in some samples. A high percentage of DNA damage in blood and liver cells, as well as high hepatic levels of HSP70, were found in all the sites. The results demonstrate the usefulness of an integrated chemical and biological approach for the determination of environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Tigano
- Department of Animal Biology M. La Greca, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy.
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Grisolia CK, Rivero CLG, Starling FLRM, da Silva ICR, Barbosa AC, Dorea JG. Profile of micronucleus frequencies and DNA damage in different species of fish in a eutrophic tropical lake. Genet Mol Biol 2009; 32:138-43. [PMID: 21637659 PMCID: PMC3032960 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572009005000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lake Paranoá is a tropical reservoir for the City of Brasilia, which became eutrophic due to inadequate sewage treatment associated with intensive population growth. At present, two wastewater treatment plants are capable of processing up to 95% of the domestic sewage, thereby successfully reducing eutrophization. We evaluated both genotoxic and cytotoxic parameters in several fish species (Geophagus brasiliensis, Cichla temensis, Hoplias malabaricus, Astyanax bimaculatus lacustres, Oreochromis niloticus, Cyprinus carpio and Steindachnerina insculpita) by using the micronucleus (MN) test, the comet assay and nuclear abnormality assessment in peripheral erythrocytes. The highest frequencies of MN were found in Cichla temensis and Hoplias malabaricus, which were statistically significant when compared to the other species. However, Steindachnerina insculpita (a detritivorous and lake-floor feeder species) showed the highest index of DNA damage in the comet assay, followed by C. temensis (piscivorous). Nuclear abnormalities, such as binucleated, blebbed, lobed and notched cells, were used as evidence of cytotoxicity. Oreochromis niloticus followed by Hoplias malaricus, ominivorous/detritivotous and piscivorous species, respectively, presented the highest frequency of nuclear abnormalities, especially notched cells, while the herbivorous Astyanax bimaculatus lacustres showed the lowest frequency compared to the other species studied. Thus, for biomonitoring aquatic genotoxins under field conditions, the food web should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar K Grisolia
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
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Isani G, Andreani G, Cocchioni F, Fedeli D, Carpené E, Falcioni G. Cadmium accumulation and biochemical responses in Sparus aurata following sub-lethal Cd exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:224-230. [PMID: 18538842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal with limited biological function, is widely distributed in the aquatic environment as a result of natural and anthropogenic activities. The effect of 4 and 11 days exposure of gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata to sub-lethal concentrations of Cd was evaluated as levels of Cd content and Cd-metallothionein (MT) presence in different organs. The possible genotoxic effect was also evaluated in erythrocytes by using the "comet assay", a promising tool for estimating DNA damage at the single-cell level. The results obtained show that in the controls, Cd content was significantly higher in gills compared to in liver, but the treatment of fish with 0.1mg/l Cd induced a stronger accumulation of metal in liver depending on the length of the exposure period. Cd traces were found in plasma, muscle and kidney. Cd forms complexes in the cytosol with MT only in the liver but Cd-MT content significantly increased after 11 days of exposure to the metal, while after 4 days of treatment the protein level was similar to the control. The "comet assay" performed on S. aurata eryhtrocytes isolated from fish treated for 4 and 11 days with 0.1mg/l Cd, showed that there was no DNA damage at both exposure periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Isani
- Veterinary Clinical Department, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Andreani
- Veterinary Clinical Department, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Cocchioni
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - D Fedeli
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - E Carpené
- Veterinary Clinical Department, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Falcioni
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
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Grazeffe VS, Tallarico LDF, Pinheiro ADS, Kawano T, Suzuki MF, Okazaki K, Pereira CADB, Nakano E. Establishment of the comet assay in the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818). MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2008; 654:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dhawan A, Bajpayee M, Parmar D. Comet assay: a reliable tool for the assessment of DNA damage in different models. Cell Biol Toxicol 2008; 25:5-32. [PMID: 18427939 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-008-9072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New chemicals are being added each year to the existing burden of toxic substances in the environment. This has led to increased pollution of ecosystems as well as deterioration of the air, water, and soil quality. Excessive agricultural and industrial activities adversely affect biodiversity, threatening the survival of species in a particular habitat as well as posing disease risks to humans. Some of the chemicals, e.g., pesticides and heavy metals, may be genotoxic to the sentinel species and/or to non-target species, causing deleterious effects in somatic or germ cells. Test systems which help in hazard prediction and risk assessment are important to assess the genotoxic potential of chemicals before their release into the environment or commercial use as well as DNA damage in flora and fauna affected by contaminated/polluted habitats. The Comet assay has been widely accepted as a simple, sensitive, and rapid tool for assessing DNA damage and repair in individual eukaryotic as well as some prokaryotic cells, and has increasingly found application in diverse fields ranging from genetic toxicology to human epidemiology. This review is an attempt to comprehensively encase the use of Comet assay in different models from bacteria to man, employing diverse cell types to assess the DNA-damaging potential of chemicals and/or environmental conditions. Sentinel species are the first to be affected by adverse changes in their environment. Determination of DNA damage using the Comet assay in these indicator organisms would thus provide information about the genotoxic potential of their habitat at an early stage. This would allow for intervention strategies to be implemented for prevention or reduction of deleterious health effects in the sentinel species as well as in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Dhawan
- Developmental Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (formerly Industrial Toxicology Research Centre), PO Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India.
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