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Tadin A, Stazic V, Galic N, Zeljezic D. Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects in Buccal Mucosal Cells in Non-Smokers and Users of Traditional Combustible Tobacco Products and Non-Combustible Alternatives. J Xenobiot 2024; 14:154-165. [PMID: 38249106 PMCID: PMC10801550 DOI: 10.3390/jox14010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS/OBJECTIVES The aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to investigate cytogenetic damage to the buccal mucosa in non-smokers and consumers of traditional combustible tobacco products and non-combustible alternatives. METHODS A total of 160 participants were divided into four groups according to the type of product used, including non-smokers, users of conventional combustible tobacco (cigarettes), heated tobacco, and electronic, tobacco-free vapor products (e-cigarettes). Buccal mucosa samples were analyzed using the micronucleus cytome assay to assess cytotoxic and genotoxic damage. RESULTS E-cigarette users showed significantly higher values for all tested parameters in the micronucleus test compared to non-smokers (p < 0.05). Similarly, users of tobacco heating products showed an increase in all parameters (p < 0.05), with the exception of the number of cells with micronuclei. Conventional cigarette smokers showed a notable increase in the number of binucleated cells and cells with karyorrhexis and karyolysis (p ≤ 0.05). When assessing the differences between users of traditional combustible tobacco products and non-combustible alternatives, these did not appear to be significant, except for e-cigarette users, who had significantly more cells with condensed chromatin (p ≤ 0.001), while users of tobacco heating products had more pyknotic cells (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this study underscore the heightened occurrence of cytotoxic and genotoxic damage in users of both conventional combustible tobacco products and non-combustible alternatives compared to non-smokers, emphasizing the detrimental impact of these products on the oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonija Tadin
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Vinka Stazic
- Health Center of Split-Dalmatia County, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Nada Galic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Davor Zeljezic
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Behl I, Calado G, Malkin A, Flint S, Galvin S, Healy CM, Pimentel ML, Byrne HJ, Lyng FM. A pilot study for early detection of oral premalignant diseases using oral cytology and Raman micro-spectroscopy: Assessment of confounding factors. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000079. [PMID: 32686263 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the efficacy of Raman micro-spectroscopy of oral cytological samples for differentiating dysplastic, potentially malignant lesions from those of normal, healthy donors. Cells were collected using brush biopsy from healthy donors (n = 20) and patients attending a Dysplasia Clinic (n = 20). Donors were sampled at four different sites (buccal mucosa, tongue, alveolus, gingiva), to ensure matched normal sites for all lesions, while patient samples were taken from clinically evident, histologically verified dysplastic lesions. Spectra were acquired from the nucleus and cytoplasm of individual cells of all samples and subjected to partial least squares-discriminant analysis. Discriminative sensitivities of 94% and 86% and specificity of 85% were achieved for the cytoplasm and nucleus, respectively, largely based on lipidic contributions of dysplastic cells. Alveolar/gingival samples were differentiated from tongue/buccal samples, indicating that anatomical site is potentially a confounding factor, while age, gender, smoking and alcohol consumption were confirmed not to be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Behl
- Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin. City Campus, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Physics & Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Genecy Calado
- Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin. City Campus, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Physics & Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alison Malkin
- School of Biological and Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Flint
- Oral Medicine Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sheila Galvin
- Oral Medicine Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire M Healy
- Oral Medicine Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marina Leite Pimentel
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hugh J Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona M Lyng
- Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin. City Campus, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Physics & Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin, Ireland
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DehghanNezhad M, Jalayer Naderi N, Semyari H. Micronucleus Assay of Buccal Mucosa Cells in Waterpipe (Hookah) Smokers: A Cytologic Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 15:75-80. [PMID: 32215022 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2020.101701.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background & Objective Micronucleus assay of buccal mucosa cells is a simple bio- monitoring method for diagnosing the genetic damages of toxic agents. The aim was to study the genotoxic effect of waterpipe smoking on buccal mucosa cells using micronucleus assay. Methods This was a case control. A total of 30 male waterpipe smokers and 30 non-smokers were included in the study. The exfoliated buccal mucosa cells were scrapped using wooden spatula and were spread over glass slides. The mean number of micronuclei was determined using Feulgen-stained slides. The number of micronuclei per 1000 cells was calculated and compared between the two groups of smokers and non-smokers. Results The mean number of micronuclei in waterpipe smokers and non-smokers was 1.94±0.39 and 1.68±0.35, respectively. The micronuclei count in waterpipe smokers was significantly higher than non-smokers (P=0). The difference between the number of waterpipe smoking and micronuclei count was significantly different (P=0). Conclusion The mean number of micronuclei in buccal mucosa cells of waterpipe smokers was significantly higher than non-smokers. The genotoxicity effect of waterpipe was dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hassan Semyari
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University
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Wu WT, Li LA, Tsou TC, Wang SL, Lee HL, Shih TS, Liou SH. Longitudinal follow-up of health effects among workers handling engineered nanomaterials: a panel study. Environ Health 2019; 18:107. [PMID: 31818305 PMCID: PMC6902474 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although no human illness to date is confirmed to be attributed to engineered nanoparticles, occupational epidemiological studies are needed to verify the health effects of nanoparticles. This study used a repeated measures design to explore the potential adverse health effects of workers handling nanomaterials. METHODS Study population was 206 nanomaterial-handling workers and 108 unexposed controls, who were recruited from 14 nanotechnology plants. They were followed up no less than two times in four years. A questionnaire was used to collect potential confounders and detailed work conditions. Control banding was adopted to categorize risk level for each participant as a surrogate marker of exposure. Health hazard markers include cardiopulmonary dysfunction markers, inflammation and oxidative damage markers, antioxidant enzymes activity, and genotoxicity markers. The Generalized Estimating Equation model was applied to analyze repeated measurements. RESULTS In comparison to the controls, a significant dose-dependent increase on risk levels for the change of superoxide dismutase (p<0.01) and a significant increase of glutathione peroxidase change in risk level 1 was found for nanomaterial-handling workers. However, the change of cardiovascular dysfunction, lung damages, inflammation, oxidative damages, neurobehavioral and genotoxic markers were not found to be significantly associated with nanomaterials handling in this panel study. CONCLUSIONS This repeated measurement study suggests that there was no evidence of potential adverse health effects under the existing workplace exposure levels among nanomaterials handling workers, except for the increase of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Te Wu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Lih-Ann Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Chun Tsou
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Sheng Shih
- Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety, and Health, Ministry of Labor, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Saou-Hsing Liou
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Division of occupational medicine, Division of fanily medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Costa S, Costa C, Madureira J, Valdiglesias V, Teixeira-Gomes A, Guedes de Pinho P, Laffon B, Teixeira JP. Occupational exposure to formaldehyde and early biomarkers of cancer risk, immunotoxicity and susceptibility. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108740. [PMID: 31563789 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a high-volume production chemical manufactured worldwide to which many people are exposed to both environmentally and occupationally. FA was recently reclassified as a human carcinogen. Several epidemiological studies have revealed an increased risk of cancer development among workers exposed to FA. Although FA genotoxicity was confirmed in a variety of experimental systems, data from human studies are conflicting. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occupational exposure to FA in a multistage approach relating the exposure with different biomarkers (dose and effect) and individual susceptibility. Air monitoring was performed to estimate the level of exposure to FA during shift work. Eighty-five workers from hospital anatomy-pathology laboratories exposed to FA and 87 controls were tested for cytogenetic alterations in lymphocytes (micronucleus, MN; sister-chromatid exchange, SCE) and T-cell receptor (TCR) mutation assay. The frequency of MN in exfoliated buccal cells, a first contact tissue was also assessed. Percentages of different lymphocyte subpopulations were selected as immunotoxicity biomarkers. The level of formic acid in urine was investigated as a potential biomarker of internal dose. The effects of polymorphic genes of xenobiotic metabolising enzymes and DNA repair enzymes on the endpoints studied were determined. The mean level of FA exposure was 0.38 ± 0.03 ppm. MN (in lymphocytes and buccal cells) and SCE were significantly increased in FA-exposed workers compared to controls. MN frequency positively correlated with FA levels of exposure and duration. Significant alterations in the percentage of T cytotoxic lymphocytes, NK cells and B lymphocytes were found between groups. Polymorphisms in CYP2E1, GSTP1 and FANCA genes were associated with increased genetic damage in FA-exposed subjects. The obtained information may provide new important data to be used by health and safety care programs and by governmental agencies responsible for setting the acceptable levels for occupational exposure to FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Costa
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carla Costa
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Madureira
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, Faculty of Education Sciences, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071-A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Armanda Teixeira-Gomes
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes de Pinho
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Blanca Laffon
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
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Barbu LR, Obreja DC, Duliu OG. THE INVESTIGATION OF MICRONUCLEI FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION FOR EXPOSED AND UNEXPOSED PERSONNEL TO IONIZING RADIATION. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 183:397-402. [PMID: 30289495 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To establish at which extent the micronuclei (MN) frequency is influenced by occupational exposure to ionizing radiation, peripheral blood samples collected from 2151 subjects of both genders, smokers and non-smokers were analyzed. Among them, 378 (17.6%) were unexposed while the other 1773 (82.4%) were exposed to ionizing radiation for periods between 1 year and more than 30 years, at levels never overpassing legally regulated limits. The final results showed that for all investigated categories, MN frequency monotonously increases with the age by 1.75 ± 0.17 times in the case of exposed subjects, but independent on gender and smoking habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Raluca Barbu
- University of Bucharet, Faculty of Physics, Doctoral School on Physics, 405, Atomistilor str., Magurele (Ilfov), Romania
| | - Doina Carmen Obreja
- National Institute of Public Health, 1-3, Doctor Leonte Anastasievici str., Bucharest, Romania
| | - O G Duliu
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, Departament of Structure of Matter, Earth and Atmospheric Physics and Astrophysics, 405, Atomistilor str., Magurele (Ilfov), Romania
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Juneja S, Katyal S, Rathore AS, Shetty DC, Tandon A, Jain P. Utility of DNA-Specific Stains in Micronuclei Assay as a Marker of Genotoxicity in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Cytol 2019; 36:111-115. [PMID: 30992647 PMCID: PMC6425778 DOI: 10.4103/joc.joc_230_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The term oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) was recommended to refer to precancer as it conveys that not all disorders described under this term may transform into cancer. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) arises through an accumulation of genetic alterations, deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA) changes, and epigenetic alterations. Thus, a simple yet a sensitive and specific test for early diagnosis is the need of an hour. The micronuclei (MN) assay in exfoliated epithelial cells is potentially an excellent biomarker to detect chromosome loss or malfunction of mitotic spindle. Aim of the Study: To compare the frequency of MN in exfoliated cells from oral mucosa exposed to genotoxic agents using different staining procedures and to observe the incidence of micronucleus in potentially malignant and malignant lesions. Materials and Methods: The study was undertaken to observe the cytogenetic damage in the exfoliated buccal cells of 75 cases of tobacco-related PMDs, OSCC and control subjects (25 cases from each group) and were evaluated with nonspecific May-Grünwald Giemsa stain and DNA-specific Feulgen stain. The results were statistically determined using SPSS version 17.0. Results: Correlation analyses in the present study depicted that MN frequency was significantly more in oral squamous cell carcinoma than OPMDs and normal group (P < 0.05). Giemsa-stained slides correlated significantly with karyorrhexis, karyolysis, condensed chromatin, and binucleates, whereas no such correlations were found with DNA-specific stains. Conclusion: Malignant transformation is accompanied by loss of cell capacity to evolve to death in situations of DNA damage. These findings indicate that nuclear anomalies may be misinterpreted as MN with nonspecific DNA stains and lead to false-positive results in studies with cells of epithelial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Juneja
- Department of Oral Pathology, I.T.S-CDSR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonal Katyal
- Department of Oral Pathology, I.T.S-CDSR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajit Singh Rathore
- Department of Oral Pathology, I.T.S-CDSR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devi Charan Shetty
- Department of Oral Pathology, I.T.S-CDSR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankita Tandon
- Department of Oral Pathology, I.T.S-CDSR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Jain
- Department of Oral Pathology, I.T.S-CDSR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Chemopreventive action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 9,10-dimethylbenzanthracene induced lung carcinogenesis in BALB/C mice: Expression of COX-1, COX-2 and Nf-κB. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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9
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Monteiro MJF, Lindoso JBC, de Oliveira Conde NC, da Silva LM, Loguercio AD, Pereira JV. Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of different delivery methods of at-home bleaching gels: a single-blind, randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:2199-2206. [PMID: 30280324 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This single-blind, parallel, randomized clinical trial evaluated the genotoxic potential and effectiveness of 10% hydrogen peroxide (HP) in patients submitted to at-home bleaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty young volunteers with maxillary incisors equal to or darker than M1.5 were included in the study. Patients were submitted to bleaching for 14 days (30 min/day) with one of the three 10% HP treatments: the bleaching agent was delivered in a bleaching tray (White Class, FGM), whitening strips (White Strips, Oral-b), or in prefilled disposable trays (Opalescence Go, Ultradent). The color change was evaluated with the Vita Bleachedguide, and the micronucleus test of exfoliative oral mucosa was carried out, starting from a count of 1000 cells, at the baseline, immediately after and 30 days after the end of the treatment. The micronucleus data were evaluated with the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests and color change with the two-way ANOVA test and the Tukey test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Significant whitening was observed for all groups after 14 days (p = 0.001) and was maintained after 30 days, with no difference between groups (p = 0.42). The micronucleus count did not indicate genotoxic potential in any of the groups studied (p = 0.32), irrespective of the time intervals (p = 0.62). CONCLUSION No genotoxic effects of 10% HP were observed in patients submitted to at-home bleaching systems (30 min/day for 14 days), even 30 days after the end of treatment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE It is safe to use different systems to deliver 10% HP during at-home bleaching according to the manufacturers' recommendations, with no risk of genotoxic effects applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcílio Jorge Fernandes Monteiro
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Amazonas, R Ministro Waldemar Pedrosa, n. 1539, Praça 14 de Janeiro, Manaus, AM, 69025-050, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Bruna Corrêa Lindoso
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Amazonas, R Ministro Waldemar Pedrosa, n. 1539, Praça 14 de Janeiro, Manaus, AM, 69025-050, Brazil
| | - Nikeila Chacon de Oliveira Conde
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Amazonas, R Ministro Waldemar Pedrosa, n. 1539, Praça 14 de Janeiro, Manaus, AM, 69025-050, Brazil
| | - Luciana Mendonça da Silva
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Amazonas, R Ministro Waldemar Pedrosa, n. 1539, Praça 14 de Janeiro, Manaus, AM, 69025-050, Brazil
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa State University, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Vianna Pereira
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Amazonas, R Ministro Waldemar Pedrosa, n. 1539, Praça 14 de Janeiro, Manaus, AM, 69025-050, Brazil
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Pastorino R, Iuliano L, Vecchioni A, Arzani D, Milic M, Annunziata F, Zerbinati C, Capoluongo E, Bonassi S, McKay JD, Boccia S. Effect of alcohol dehydrogenase-1B and -7 polymorphisms on blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations in healthy subjects with a history of moderate alcohol consumption. Drug Test Anal 2018; 10:488-495. [PMID: 28731573 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of ADH1B and ADH7 genotypes on blood acetaldehyde and ethanol levels after alcohol ingestion, and to measure the genotoxic effect of smoking and ethanol on the buccal cells, also controlling for ADH variants. We recruited healthy Italian subjects with at least a moderate history of alcohol consumption. All subjects were given an alcoholic drink of 0.4 g ethanol /kg of body weight. Blood venous samples were collected at baseline, and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after ingestion. Buccal cells were collected before ethanol ingestion. Sixty subjects were enrolled in the study. Individuals with the ADH1B GG genotype had median ethanol levels of 5.0mM (IQR 3.4-7.2), and those with the ADH1B GT/TT genotype had 4.7mM (IQR 4.2-4.8). Corresponding acetaldehyde levels were 1.5μM (IQR 0.7-2.6) for ADH1B GG genotype and 1.6μM (IQR 1.5-1.7) for ADH1B CG/GG genotype. Individuals with the ADH7 CC genotype had median ethanol levels of 5.0mM (IQR 3.3-7.2), while 5.0mM (IQR 4.7-5.6) was in those with the ADH7 CG/GG genotype. Corresponding acetaldehyde levels were 1.5 μM (IQR 0.7-2.6) for ADH7 CC genotype and 1.5 μM (IQR 1.4-1.6) for ADH7 CG/GG genotypes. A non-significant increase in the frequency of karyolitic and pyknotic cells was found in the group of heavy drinkers and current smokers, when compared to the moderate drinkers and the non-smokers. Our study does not support the hypothesis that ADH1B and ADH7 genotypes affect blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pastorino
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Iuliano
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Alessia Vecchioni
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Arzani
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirta Milic
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, Rome, Italy
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Francesca Annunziata
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular and Personalized Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Zerbinati
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Ettore Capoluongo
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular and Personalized Diagnostics, Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, Rome, Italy
| | - James D McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico 'A. Gemelli' Rome, Italy
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Dutta S, Bahadur M. Cytogenetic analysis of micronuclei and cell death parameters in epithelial cells of pesticide exposed tea garden workers. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:627-634. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1230917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Ferraz GA, Costa Neto ADO, Cerqueira EDMM, Meireles JRC. Effects of age on the frequency of micronuclei and degenerative nuclear abnormalities. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-98232016019.150155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The effects of aging, gender and lifestyle factors on inducing chromosomal damage (micronuclei) and nuclear degenerative changes were assessed using the micronucleus test on exfoliated cells of the oral mucosa. The sample included 80 healthy subjects divided into four groups according to age and gender: men and women aged 19-29 years (M19, W19) and men and women aged over sixty years (M60, W60). An interview questionnaire was used to characterize the sample and to determine an index reflecting lifestyle (HLI). The frequency of micronuclei and nuclear degenerative changes was significantly higher among the elderly (p<0.001) and did not differ by gender among young people (p>0.05). The occurrence of micronuclei was similar among elderly men and women (p>0.10), but karyorrhexis and karyolysis were more frequent among men (p<0.005 and p<0.025, respectively), who also had a lower HLI than the other groups (p<0.0004). The results of the study indicate that age is the main factor associated with the induction of genetic material damage.
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Pereira da Silva VH, de Luna Antonio R, Pompeia S, Ribeiro DA. Cytogenetic Biomonitoring in Buccal Mucosa Cells from Young Smokers. Acta Cytol 2016; 59:474-8. [PMID: 26844552 DOI: 10.1159/000443761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nowadays, much attention has been focused on the search for new non-invasive methodologies able to predict malignant transformation of oral mucosa cells. The aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate DNA damage (micronucleus) and cellular death (pyknosis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis) in exfoliated oral mucosa cells from smokers and non-smokers in buccal mucosa cells. STUDY DESIGN A total of 24 young, healthy smokers and 14 non-smokers were included in this setting. Individuals had epithelial cells from the cheek mechanically exfoliated, placed in fixative and dropped in clean slides which were checked for the above nuclear phenotypes. RESULTS Smokers presented more (p < 0.05) micronucleated oral mucosa cells than non-smokers. Tobacco smoke was not able to increase other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity such as karyorrhexis, pyknosis and karyolysis. CONCLUSION In summary, these data indicate that the cigarette is able to induce micronuclei in oral mucosa cells, so the micronucleus test is a suitable method for predicting oral cancer risk.
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Nuclear abnormalities in buccal mucosa cells of patients with type I and II diabetes treated with folic acid. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 797:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Webber LP, Pellicioli ACA, Magnusson AS, Danilevicz CK, Bueno CC, Sant’Ana Filho M, Rados PV, Carrard VC. Nuclear changes in oral mucosa of alcoholics and crack cocaine users. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:184-93. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327115579430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effects of drugs of abuse on oral mucosa are only partly understood. The aims of the present study were to: (1) evaluate the frequency of nuclear changes in normal-appearing oral mucosa of alcoholics and crack cocaine users and (2) assess their association with cell proliferation rate. Oral smears were obtained from the border of the tongue and floor of the mouth of 26 crack cocaine users (24 males and 2 females), 29 alcoholics (17 males and 12 females), and 35 controls (17 males and 18 females). Histological slides were submitted to Feulgen staining to assess the frequency of micronuclei (MN), binucleated cells (BN), broken eggs (BE), and karyorrhexis (KR). A significant increase in the frequency of MN was observed in cells exfoliated from the tongue of crack cocaine users ( p = 0.01), and alcoholics showed a higher frequency of KR in cells obtained from the floor of the mouth ( p = 0.01). Our findings suggest that the use of crack cocaine induces clastogenic effects, whereas alcoholism is associated with higher degrees of keratinization in the floor of the mouth.
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Affiliation(s)
- LP Webber
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - ACA Pellicioli
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - AS Magnusson
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - CK Danilevicz
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - CC Bueno
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M Sant’Ana Filho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - PV Rados
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - VC Carrard
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Katarkar A, Mukherjee S, Khan MH, Ray JG, Chaudhuri K. Comparative evaluation of genotoxicity by micronucleus assay in the buccal mucosa over comet assay in peripheral blood in oral precancer and cancer patients. Mutagenesis 2014; 29:325-334. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Chandirasekar R, Kumar BL, Sasikala K, Jayakumar R, Suresh K, Venkatesan R, Jacob R, Krishnapriya EK, Kavitha H, Ganesh GK. Assessment of genotoxic and molecular mechanisms of cancer risk in smoking and smokeless tobacco users. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 767:21-7. [PMID: 24769293 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inexpensive forms of tobacco are widely used in developing countries such as India. We have evaluated genotoxicity endpoints (chromosome aberrations, micronucleus frequency, comet assay) and polymorphisms of the XRCC1 and p53 genes among smokers and smokeless tobacco (SLT) users in rural Tamilnadu, South India. Cytogenetic, DNA damage and SNP analyses were performed on peripheral blood samples; micronucleus frequency was measured in peripheral blood and buccal mucosa exfoliated cells. Both categories of tobacco users had elevated levels of genotoxic damage. SNP analysis of tobacco users revealed that 17% carry the XRCC1 gln399gln genotype and 19% carry the p53 pro72pro genotype. Both genotypes are associated with increased risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chandirasekar
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - B Lakshman Kumar
- Departments of Biotechnology and Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641 029, India
| | - K Sasikala
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Jayakumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - K Suresh
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Venkatesan
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Raichel Jacob
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - E K Krishnapriya
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India
| | - H Kavitha
- Departments of Biotechnology and Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641 029, India
| | - G Karthik Ganesh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India
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Liao HY, Chung YT, Lai CH, Wang SL, Chiang HC, Li LA, Tsou TC, Li WF, Lee HL, Wu WT, Lin MH, Hsu JH, Ho JJ, Chen CJ, Shih TS, Lin CC, Liou SH. Six-month follow-up study of health markers of nanomaterials among workers handling engineered nanomaterials. Nanotoxicology 2013; 8 Suppl 1:100-10. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.858793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yi Liao
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan,
| | - Yu-Teh Chung
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan,
| | - Ching-Huang Lai
- Department of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan,
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,
| | - Hung-Che Chiang
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan,
| | - Lih-Ann Li
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan,
| | - Tsui-Chun Tsou
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan,
| | - Wan-Fen Li
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan,
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,
| | - Hui-Ling Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, and
| | - Wei-Te Wu
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan,
| | - Ming-Hsiu Lin
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of Labor Affairs, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Huei Hsu
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of Labor Affairs, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiune-Jye Ho
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of Labor Affairs, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Jong Chen
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of Labor Affairs, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Sheng Shih
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of Labor Affairs, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chi Lin
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of Labor Affairs, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Saou-Hsing Liou
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan,
- Department of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,
- Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,
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Cytogenetic analysis of gingival epithelial cells, as related to smoking habits and occurrence of periodontal disease. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2013; 216:71-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Cyto-genotoxic effects of smoke from commercial filter and non-filter cigarettes on human bronchial and pulmonary cells. Mutat Res 2012; 750:1-11. [PMID: 23010388 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of chemicals, some of which are known as carcinogens. The cyto-genotoxic effects of cigarette-smoke extract (CSE) from commercial cigarettes without (A and B) and with filter (C and D) were evaluated at different CSE concentrations on A549 and BEAS-2B cells. The particle content of the cigarette smoke and the metal composition of the CSE were also analyzed. The cells were exposed to 1-10% of the CSE from one cigarette per experiment. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by use of the MTT assay after 24h, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay after 30min and 24h. The Fpg-modified comet assay was used to evaluate direct-oxidative DNA damage on cells exposed for 30min. As expected, unfiltered cigarette smoke (particularly from the B cigarette) contained a higher number of particles than filtered smoke. With smoke extract from the B cigarette we found a decrease in cell viability only in BEAS-2B cells. The results of the LDH test showed membrane damage for B-cigarette smoke extract, particularly in BEAS-2B cells. Extracts from unfiltered cigarette smoke induced significant direct DNA damage, to a larger extent in A549 cells. Filtered cigarette-smoke extract induced a significant direct DNA damage at 5-10%. A significant induction of oxidative DNA damage was found at the highest CSE concentration in both cell types (by smoke extracts from B and C cigarettes in A549 cells, and from A and D cigarettes in BEAS-2B cells). Smoke extracts from filter cigarettes induced less direct DNA damage than those from unfiltered cigarettes in A549 cells, probably due to a protective effect of filter. In BEAS-2B cells the smoke extract from the B-cigarette showed the highest genotoxic effect, with a concentration-dependent trend. These findings show a higher cyto-genotoxicity for smoke extracts from the B-cigarette and oxidative effects for those from the A and D cigarettes, particularly in BEAS-2B cells. Moreover, there was a higher responsiveness of A549 cells to genotoxic insult of CSE, and a cigarette-dependent genotoxicity in BEAS-2B cells. Our experimental model demonstrated to be suitable to sensitively detect early genotoxic response of different lung-cell types to non-cytotoxic concentrations of complex inhalable mixtures.
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21
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Chromosomal damage and apoptosis in exfoliated buccal cells from individuals with oral cancer. Int J Dent 2012; 2012:457054. [PMID: 22315605 PMCID: PMC3272342 DOI: 10.1155/2012/457054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate cytological abnormalities indicative of chromosome damage (micronuclei) and apoptosis (karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and condensed chromatin) in exfoliated cells from the buccal mucosa of patients with oral cancer and control subjects. The sample included twenty individuals with oral cancer and forty individuals with normal buccal mucosa. Material was collected from the cheek epithelium in areas with lesions and areas without abnormalities. A minimum of one thousand cells was analyzed. Micronuclei were found significantly more frequently in cells collected from lesions than in cells from normal areas, independent of the presence/absence of cancer (P < 0.0001). They were also significantly more frequent in smokers and in mouthwash users (P < 0.0001). Apoptosis occurred significantly less frequently in individuals with oral cancer (P < 0.0001). These results show that oral cancer is associated with higher frequency of chromosomal damage and suggest that apoptosis is compromised in the buccal cells of individuals with this kind of neoplasia.
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22
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Evaluation of the genotoxic effects of fixed appliances on oral mucosal cells and the relationship to nickel and chromium concentrations: An in-vivo study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011; 140:383-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Chandirasekar R, Suresh K, Jayakumar R, Venkatesan R, Lakshman Kumar B, Sasikala K. XRCC1 gene variants and possible links with chromosome aberrations and micronucleus in active and passive smokers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 32:185-192. [PMID: 21843798 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco addiction is a major risk for diseases such as cancers, heart attack, etc. Tobacco smoke constitutes environmental toxins that are the major preventable leading cause of death worldwide. We investigated the influence of tobacco smoke on cytogenetic parameters (chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei) and the influence of XRCC1 arg399gln polymorphism on the cytogenetic parameters of the exposed subjects. The cases for this study include active and passive smokers. They were divided into three groups in accordance with duration of exposure to tobacco smoke. We observed changes in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei among the exposed subjects and controls. Of the three groups of exposed subjects, group III of active smokers and group III of passive smokers showed higher number of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei when compared to controls, group I and group II of active and passive smokers. The XRCC1 arg399gln polymorphic variant gln/gln, influenced the extent of genotoxic damage in chromosomes and frequency of in micronuclei the three variants (arg/arg, arg/gln and gln/gln), gln/gln harbored significantly (P<0.05) higher number of aberrations than the arg/arg and arg/gln. In this context, the results observed in our study indicated that the single nucleotide polymorphism on XRCC1codon 399 influenced the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chandirasekar
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamilnadu, India.
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24
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Haveric A, Haveric S, Ibrulj S. Micronuclei frequencies in peripheral blood and buccal exfoliated cells of young smokers and non-smokers. Toxicol Mech Methods 2010; 20:260-6. [PMID: 20450262 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2010.482962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenetic biomarkers, such as micronuclei in peripheral blood or oral mucosa, are widely used for evaluation of exposure to genotoxins or carcinogens. Tobacco is one of the strongest carcinogens, responsible for development of different types of cancers. The aim of this study was to assess the genotoxicity of cigarette consumption in young smokers and to correlate results of cytogenetic analysis in peripheral blood lymphocytes and exfoliated buccal cells. The study was conducted on samples taken from 43 smokers and 44 non-smokers, young individuals from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Significantly higher frequency of micronuclei in peripheral blood lymphocytes was observed in smokers (p < 0.05). No significant correlations were found for age, duration and intensity of smoking, and frequency of micronuclei in lymphocytes. Significantly higher frequency of degenerated (apoptotic) buccal cells was also revealed in smokers (p < 0.05). The frequency of apoptotic cells in smokers was significantly influenced by the age of participants (F = 8.649; p < 0.01) and duration of smoking (F = 5.389; p < 0.05). Results of cytogenetic analysis conducted in peripheral blood and exfoliated buccal cells are in significant positive correlation, indicating complementarities of those analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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25
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Lima CF, Oliveira LU, Cabral LAG, Brandão AAH, Salgado MÂC, Almeida JD. Cytogenetic damage of oral mucosa by consumption of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39:441-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00887.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Li H, Mitchell JR, Hasty P. DNA double-strand breaks: a potential causative factor for mammalian aging? Mech Ageing Dev 2008; 129:416-24. [PMID: 18346777 PMCID: PMC2517577 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a pleiotropic and stochastic process influenced by both genetics and environment. As a result the fundamental underlying causes of aging are controversial and likely diverse. Genome maintenance and in particular the repair of DNA damage is critical to ensure longevity needed for reproduction and as a consequence imperfections or defects in maintaining the genome may contribute to aging. There are many forms of DNA damage with double-strand breaks (DSBs) being the most toxic. Here we discuss DNA DSBs as a potential causative factor for aging including factors that generate DNA DSBs, pathways that repair DNA DSBs, consequences of faulty or failed DSB repair and how these consequences may lead to age-dependent decline in fitness. At the end we compare mouse models of premature aging that are defective for repairing either DSBs or UV light-induced lesions. Based on these comparisons we believe the basic mechanisms responsible for their aging phenotypes are fundamentally different demonstrating the complex and pleiotropic nature of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA.
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Balakrishnan S, Menon VP, Manoharan S, Rajalingam K. Antigenotoxic effect of ferulic acid in 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)-anthracene (DMBA) induced genotoxicity. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2007; 5:32-8. [PMID: 20162052 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v5i1.31253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The antigenotoxic effect of ferulic acid was carried out by evaluating the cytogenetic markers, the micronuclei frequency and chromosomal aberrations, in the bone marrow of hamsters in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced genotoxicity. Genotoxicity was induced in experimental hamsters by single intraperitoneal injection of DMBA (30 mg kg(-1) b.w.). Pretreatment of ferulic acid orally at a dose of 40 mg kg(-1) b.w. for five days significantly reduced the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCEs) and the percentage of chromosomal aberrations in hamster's bone marrow. Our results thus suggest that ferulic acid has potent antigenotoxic effect in DMBA induced genotoxicity in golden Syrian hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Balakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Atefie K, Schulte-Hermann R, Knasmüller S. Effect of staining procedures on the results of micronucleus assays with exfoliated oral mucosa cells. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 15:1835-40. [PMID: 17035390 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronuclei in exfoliated epithelial cells are widely used as biomarkers of cancer risk in humans. To elucidate the effect of different staining procedures on the outcome of such investigation, we conducted a study in which the micronuclei frequencies in oral mucosa cells of heavy smokers (n = 20) and nonsmokers (n = 10) were evaluated with nonspecific (Giemsa, May-Grünwald-Giemsa) and DNA-specific (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, Feulgen, acridine orange) stains, whereas with Giemsa-based stains, the frequencies of micronuclei in smokers were significantly (4- to 5-fold) higher in the smokers group, no significant increase was observed with any of the DNA-specific stains. Furthermore, the evaluation of cells of the two study groups with Feulgen stain showed that oral mucosa cells from smokers had significantly increased levels of nuclear anomalies other than micronuclei. These anomalies are consequences of cell injury found in epithelial cells and are paralleled by formation of keratin bodies in the cytoplasm that resemble micronuclei. Correlation analyses showed that micronuclei frequencies scored in Giemsa-stained slides correlated significantly with karyorrhexis, karyolysis, condensed chromatin, and binucleates, whereas no such correlations were found with DNA-specific stains. These findings indicate that nuclear anomalies (and possibly keratin bodies) may be misinterpreted as micronuclei with nonspecific DNA stains and lead to false-positive results in studies with cells of epithelial origin. Furthermore, our results show that exposure of oral mucosa cells to genotoxic carcinogens contained in tobacco smoke does not lead to induction of micronuclei in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Proia NK, Paszkiewicz GM, Nasca MAS, Franke GE, Pauly JL. Smoking and smokeless tobacco-associated human buccal cell mutations and their association with oral cancer--a review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:1061-77. [PMID: 16775162 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-05-0983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported herein are the results of a structured literature review that was undertaken to (a) determine if human buccal (mouth) cell changes are associated with smoking and smokeless ("chewing") tobacco, (b) tabulate different buccal cell alterations that have been reported, (c) delineate buccal cell assays that have been used successfully, (d) determine whether buccal cell changes correlate with oral cancer as defined in clinicopathologic investigations, and (e) assess the feasibility of developing a high-throughput buccal cell assay for screening smokers for the early detection of oral cancer. The results of the studies reported herein have established that diverse buccal cell changes are associated with smoking and smokeless tobacco. This review documents also that buccal cells have been collected in a noninvasive manner, and repetitively for serial studies, from different sites of the mouth (e.g., cheek, gum, and tongue) and from normal tissue, preneoplastic lesions (leukoplakia), and malignant tumors. Tobacco-associated genetic mutations and nongenetic changes have been reported; a partial listing includes (a) micronuclei, (b) bacterial adherence, (c) genetic mutations, (d) DNA polymorphisms, (d) carcinogen-DNA adducts, and (e) chromosomal abnormalities. Clinical studies have correlated buccal cell changes with malignant tumors, and some oral oncologists have reported that the buccal cell changes are practical biomarkers. Summarily, the literature has established that buccal cells are useful not only for characterizing the molecular mechanisms underlying tobacco-associated oral cancers but also as exfoliative cells that express diverse changes that offer promise as candidate biomarkers for the early detection of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Proia
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Nersesyan AK. Does cigarette smoking induce micronuclei in buccal cells? Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84:946-7; author reply 947-8. [PMID: 17023726 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/84.4.946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Crott JW. Reply to AK Nersesyan. Am J Clin Nutr 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/84.4.947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy W Crott
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111
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Zalacain M, Sierrasesumaga L, Larrañnaga C, Patiñno-García A. Effects of benzopyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) in vitro and of maternal smoking in vivo on micronuclei frequencies in fetal cord blood. Pediatr Res 2006; 60:180-4. [PMID: 16864700 DOI: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000228327.63820.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Up to 20% of pregnant women smoke and there is indirect evidence that certain tobacco-specific metabolites can cross the placental barrier and are genotoxic to the fetus. The presence of micronuclei results from chromosome damage and reflects the degree of underlying genetic instability. Fetal blood was obtained from the cord blood of 143 newborns (102 from nonsmoking mothers and 41 from mothers smoking >10 cigarettes/d during pregnancy). The micronucleus assay was performed following the guidelines established by the Human MicroNucleus project with modifications. To test the micronucleus assay, we evaluated the effect of a range of benzopyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide concentrations (from 3.125 nM to 4 microM) on cord blood from nonsmoking mothers. This validation showed that the number of micronuclei and apoptotic cells increased with benzopyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide dose (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively); the minimal detectable effect was induced by 12.5 nM benzopyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide. In our sample, the number of MN was significantly higher in the 41 cord blood samples from mothers who smoked during pregnancy [smokers: 4 (1; 10.5); nonsmokers: 3 (0; 8); p = 0.016]. Therefore, the data reported herein support the hypothesis that tobacco compounds are able to induce chromosomal losses and breaks that are detectable as an increased number of micronuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zalacain
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic and University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Yildirim IH, Yesilada E, Yologlu S. Micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes and exfoliated buccal cells of untreated cancer patients. RUSS J GENET+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795406050152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gabriel HE, Crott JW, Ghandour H, Dallal GE, Choi SW, Keyes MK, Jang H, Liu Z, Nadeau M, Johnston A, Mager D, Mason JB. Chronic cigarette smoking is associated with diminished folate status, altered folate form distribution, and increased genetic damage in the buccal mucosa of healthy adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83:835-41. [PMID: 16600936 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/83.4.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking causes genetic damage in buccal cells and increases the risk of oral cancer. Because folate is instrumental in DNA synthesis and repair, it is a determinant of genetic stability and therefore might attenuate the genotoxic effects of smoking. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to compare the presence of folate metabolites and select indicators of genetic damage in the mouths of chronic smokers and nonsmokers. DESIGN Dietary, biochemical, and molecular correlates of folate status were measured in healthy smoker (n = 35) and nonsmoker (n = 21) groups of comparable age, sex, and body mass indexes. RESULTS After correction for dietary intake, the smokers displayed lower plasma, erythrocyte, and buccal mucosal cell (BMC) folate (20%, 32%, and 50% lower, respectively; P < 0.05) and lower plasma vitamin B-12 and pyridoxal 5-phosphate (P < 0.05) than did nonsmokers. Folate in the BMCs of smokers comprised significantly greater proportions of pteroylmonoglutamate, formyltetrahydrofolate, and 5,10-methenyltetrahyrofolate than did folate in the BMCs of nonsmokers. Although the degree of genomic methylation and uracil incorporation in the buccal cells of the 2 groups were not significantly different, the BMC micronucleus index, a cytologic indicator of genetic damage, in the smokers was 2-fold that of the nonsmokers (9.57 compared with 4.44 micronuclei/1000 cells; P < 0.0001). Neither systemic nor oral folate status was an independent predictor of micronuclei. CONCLUSIONS Chronic smoking is associated with a lower systemic status of several B vitamins, reduced oral folate, and changes in folate form distribution in the mouth. However, the cytologic damage that is evident in the mouths of smokers does not correlate with oral folate status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Gabriel
- Vitamins and Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Nersesyan AK. Strange phenomenon, i.e., an antimutagenic effect of areca nut chewing. Mutat Res 2005; 582:163-4; author reply 165-7. [PMID: 15781221 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2004] [Accepted: 11/10/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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