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Thongsak N, Chitapanarux T, Chotirosniramit A, Chakrabandhu S, Traisathit P, Nakharutai N, Srikummoon P, Thumronglaohapun S, Supasri T, Hemwan P, Chitapanarux I. Air pollutants and primary liver cancer mortality: a cohort study in crop-burning activities and forest fires area. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1389760. [PMID: 39381772 PMCID: PMC11459313 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1389760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Northern Thailand experiences high levels of air pollution in the dry season due to agricultural waste burning and forest fires. Some air pollutants can enter the bloodstream, and the liver has the role of detoxifying these along with other harmful substances. In this study, we assessed the effects of long-term exposure to air pollutants on liver cancer mortality in this area. Methods A cohort of 10,859 primary liver cancer patients diagnosed between 2003 and 2018 and followed up to the end of 2020 were included in the study. Extended time-varying covariates of the annually averaged pollutant concentrations updated each year were utilized. The associations between air pollutants and mortality risk were examined by using a Cox proportional hazard model. Results Metastatic cancer stage had the highest adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 3.57 (95% confidence interval (CI):3.23-3.95). Being male (aHR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04-1.15), over 60 years old (aHR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.11-1.21), having a history of smoking (aHR = 1.16; 95%CI: 1.11-1.22), and being exposed to a time-updated local concentration of PM2.5 of 40 μg/m3 (aHR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05-1.15) increased the mortality risk. Conclusion We found that air pollution is one of several detrimental factors on the mortality risk of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthapat Thongsak
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Taned Chitapanarux
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anon Chotirosniramit
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Somvilai Chakrabandhu
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Patrinee Traisathit
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nawapon Nakharutai
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pimwarat Srikummoon
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Titaporn Supasri
- Atmospheric Research Unit of National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phonpat Hemwan
- Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Centre (Northern Region), Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Imjai Chitapanarux
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Wei X, Ho KF, Yu T, Lin C, Chang LY, Chen D, Tam T, Huang B, Lau AKH, Lao XQ. The joint effect of long-term exposure to multiple air pollutants on non-accidental and cause-specific mortality: A longitudinal cohort study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134507. [PMID: 38718510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The long-term joint impacts of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) on mortality are inconclusive. To bridge this research gap, we included 283,568 adults from the Taiwan MJ cohort between 2005 and 2016 and linked with the mortality data until 31 May 2019. Participants' annual average exposures to PM2.5, NO2, and O3 were estimated using satellite-based spatial-temporal models. We applied elastic net-regularised Cox models to construct a weighted environmental risk score (WERS) for the joint effects of three pollutants on non-accidental, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality and evaluated the contribution of each pollutant. The three pollutants jointly raised non-accidental mortality risk with a WERS hazard ratio (HR) of 1.186 (95% CI: 1.118-1.259) per standard deviation increase in each pollutant and weights of 72.8%, 15.2%, and 12.0% for PM2.5, NO2, and O3, respectively. The WERS increased cardiovascular death risk [HR: 1.248 (1.042-1.496)], with PM2.5 as the first contributor and O3 as the second. The WERS also elevated the cancer death risk [HR: 1.173 (1.083-1.270)], where PM2.5 played the dominant role and NO2 ranked second. Coordinated control of these three pollutants can optimise the health benefits of air quality improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Wei
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Tsung Yu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Changqing Lin
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ly-Yun Chang
- Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dezhong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Tony Tam
- Department of Sociology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Alexis K H Lau
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Xiang Qian Lao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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3
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Shah D, Dave B, Chorawala MR, Prajapati BG, Singh S, M. Elossaily G, Ansari MN, Ali N. An Insight on Microfluidic Organ-on-a-Chip Models for PM 2.5-Induced Pulmonary Complications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13534-13555. [PMID: 38559954 PMCID: PMC10976395 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, lung fibrosis, and lung cancer pose a significant burden to global human health. Many of these complications arise as a result of exposure to particulate matter (PM), which has been examined in several preclinical and clinical trials for its effect on several respiratory diseases. Particulate matter of size less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) has been known to inflict unforeseen repercussions, although data from epidemiological studies to back this are pending. Conventionally utilized two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and preclinical animal models have provided insufficient benefits in emulating the in vivo physiological and pathological pulmonary conditions. Three-dimensional (3D) structural models, including organ-on-a-chip models, have experienced a developmental upsurge in recent times. Lung-on-a-chip models have the potential to simulate the specific features of the lungs. With the advancement of technology, an emerging and advanced technique termed microfluidic organ-on-a-chip has been developed with the aim of identifying the complexity of the respiratory cellular microenvironment of the body. In the present Review, the role of lung-on-a-chip modeling in reproducing pulmonary complications has been explored, with a specific emphasis on PM2.5-induced pulmonary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Shah
- Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L.
M. College of Pharmacy Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India
| | - Bhavarth Dave
- Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L.
M. College of Pharmacy Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India
| | - Mehul R. Chorawala
- Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L.
M. College of Pharmacy Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India
| | - Bhupendra G. Prajapati
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research,
Ganpat University, Mehsana, Gujarat 384012, India
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Office
of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Gehan M. Elossaily
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Hou T, Zhu L, Wang Y, Peng L. Oxidative stress is the pivot for PM2.5-induced lung injury. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 184:114362. [PMID: 38101601 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a primary air pollutant recognized worldwide as a serious threat to public health. PM2.5, which has a diameter of less than 2.5 μm, is known to cause various diseases, including cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, and neurological diseases. Studies have shown that the respiratory system is particularly susceptible to PM2.5 as it is the first line of defense against external pollutants. PM2.5 can cause oxidative stress, which is triggered by the catalyzation of biochemical reactions, the activation of oxidases and metabolic enzymes, and mitochondrial dysfunction, all of which can lead to lung injury and aggravate various respiratory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and cancer. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the harmful effects and mechanisms of PM2.5 on the respiratory system by activating several detrimental pathways related to inflammation and cellular damage. However, experimental studies have shown that antioxidative therapy methods can effectively cure PM2.5-induced lung injury. This review aims to clarify how PM2.5 induces oxidative stress and the mechanisms by which it is involved in the aggravation of various lung diseases. Additionally, we have listed antioxidant treatments to protect against PM2.5-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Hou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130001, China
| | - Laiyu Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130001, China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130001, China.
| | - Liping Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130001, China.
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5
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Zhu PP, Gao Y, Zhou GZ, Liu R, Li XB, Fu XX, Fu J, Lin F, Zhou YP, Li L. Short-term effects of high-resolution (1-km) ambient PM 2.5 and PM 10 on hospital admission for pulmonary tuberculosis: a case-crossover study in Hainan, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1252741. [PMID: 37736088 PMCID: PMC10509552 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1252741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is limited evidence regarding particulate matter (PM)'s short-term effects on pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) hospital admission. Our study aimed to determine the short-term associations of the exposure to ambient PM with aerodynamic diameters <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and < 10 μm (PM10) with hospital admission for PTB in Hainan, a tropical province in China. Methods We collected individual data on patients hospitalized with PTB, PM2.5, PM10, and meteorological data from 2016 to 2019 in Hainan Province, China. Conditional logistic regression models with a time-stratified case-crossover design were used to assess the short-term effects of PM2.5 and PM10 on hospital admission for PTB at a spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km. Stratified analyses were performed according to age at admission, sex, marital status, administrative division, and season of admission. Results Each interquartile range (IQR) increases in the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with 1.155 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.041-1.282) and 1.142 (95% CI: 1.033-1.263) hospital admission risks for PTB at lag 0-8 days, respectively. The stratified analyses showed that the effects of PM2.5 and PM10 were statistically significant for patients aged ≥65 years, males, married, and those residing in prefecture-level cities. Regarding seasonal differences, the associations between PM and hospital admission for PTB were statistically significant in the warm season but not in the cold season. The effect of PM2.5 was consistently stronger than that of PM10 in most subgroups. Conclusion Short-term exposure to PM increases the risk of hospital admission for PTB. The potential impact of PM with smaller aerodynamic diameter is more detrimental. Our findings highlight the importance of reducing ambient PM level to alleviate the burden of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Gui-Zhong Zhou
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haikou Municipal People’s Hospital and Central South University Xiangya Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xian-Xian Fu
- Clinical Lab, Haikou Municipal People’s Hospital and Central South University Xiangya Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jian Fu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yuan-Ping Zhou
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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6
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Nazzari S, Cagliero L, Grumi S, Pisoni E, Mallucci G, Bergamaschi R, Maccarini J, Giorda R, Provenzi L. Prenatal exposure to environmental air pollution and psychosocial stress jointly contribute to the epigenetic regulation of the serotonin transporter gene in newborns. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3503-3511. [PMID: 37542161 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Antenatal exposures to maternal stress and to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) have been independently associated with developmental outcomes in early infancy and beyond. Knowledge about their joint impact, biological mechanisms of their effects and timing-effects, is still limited. Both PM2.5 and maternal stress exposure during pregnancy might result in altered patterns of DNA methylation in specific stress-related genes, such as the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4 DNAm), that might, in turn, influence infant development across several domains, including bio-behavioral, cognitive and socio-emotional domains. Here, we investigated the independent and interactive influence of variations in antenatal exposures to maternal pandemic-related stress (PRS) and PM2.5 on SLC6A4 DNAm levels in newborns. Mother-infant dyads (N = 307) were enrolled at delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Infants' methylation status was assessed in 13 CpG sites within the SLC6A4 gene's region (chr17:28562750-28562958) in buccal cells at birth and women retrospectively report on PRS. PM2.5 exposure throughout the entire gestation and at each gestational trimester was estimated using a spatiotemporal model based on residential address. Among several potentially confounding socio-demographic and health-related factors, infant's sex was significantly associated with infants' SLC6A4 DNAm levels, thus hierarchical regression models were adjusted for infant's sex. Higher levels of SLC6A4 DNAm at 6 CpG sites were found in newborns born to mothers reporting higher levels of antenatal PRS and greater PM2.5 exposure across gestation, while adjusting for infant's sex. These effects were especially evident when exposure to elevated PM2.5 occurred during the second trimester of pregnancy. Several important brain processes (e.g., synaptogenesis and myelination) occur during mid-pregnancy, potentially making the second trimester a sensitive time window for the effects of stress-related exposures. Understanding the interplay between environmental and individual-level stressors has important implications for the improvement of mother-infant health during and after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nazzari
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucia Cagliero
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Developmental Psychobiology Lab, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Serena Grumi
- Developmental Psychobiology Lab, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Pisoni
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Giulia Mallucci
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurocenter of South of Switzerland, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Julia Maccarini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Developmental Psychobiology Lab, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Giorda
- Molecular Biology Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Livio Provenzi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
- Developmental Psychobiology Lab, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
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7
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Dhoj C, Garcia A, Manasyan A, Benavides M, Abou Abbas D, Toscano C, Porter E, Wang Y. Scanning ion conductance microscopy reveals differential effect of PM 2.5 exposure on A549 lung epithelial and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell membranes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:4557-4567. [PMID: 37069445 PMCID: PMC10628941 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have linked a wide range of diseases including respiratory illnesses to harmful particulate matter (PM) emissions indoors and outdoors, such as incense PM and industrial PM. Because of their ability to penetrate the lower respiratory tract and the circulatory system, fine particles with diameters of 2.5 µm or less (PM2.5) are believed to be more hazardous than larger PMs. Despite the enormous number of studies focusing on the intracellular processes associated with PM2.5 exposure, there have been limited reports studying the biophysical properties of cell membranes, such as nanoscale morphological changes induced by PM2.5. Our study assesses the membrane topographical and structural effects of PM2.5 from incense PM2.5 exposure in real time on A549 lung carcinoma epithelial cells and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells that had been fixed to preclude adaptive cell responses. The size distribution and mechanical properties of the PM2.5 sample were characterized with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Nanoscale morphological monitoring of the cell membranes utilizing scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) indicated statistically significant increasing membrane roughness at A549 cells at half an hour of exposure and visible damage at 4 h of exposure. In contrast, no significant increase in roughness was observed on SH-SY5Y cells after half an hour of PM2.5 exposure, although continued exposure to PM2.5 for up to 4 h affected an expansion of lesions already present before exposure commenced. These findings suggest that A549 cell membranes are more susceptible to structural damage by PM2.5 compared to SH-SY5Y cell membranes, corroborating more enhanced susceptibility of airway epithelial cells to exposure to PM2.5 than neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Dhoj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Adaly Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Artur Manasyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Miriam Benavides
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Dana Abou Abbas
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Cindy Toscano
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Edith Porter
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Yixian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
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8
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Li YZ, Huang SH, Shi S, Chen WX, Wei YF, Zou BJ, Yao W, Zhou L, Liu FH, Gao S, Yan S, Qin X, Zhao YH, Chen RJ, Gong TT, Wu QJ. Association of long-term particulate matter exposure with all-cause mortality among patients with ovarian cancer: A prospective cohort. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 884:163748. [PMID: 37120017 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence of the association between particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) in long term and ovarian cancer (OC) mortality is limited. METHODS This prospective cohort study analyzed data collected between 2015 and 2020 from 610 newly diagnosed OC patients, aged 18-79 years. The residential average PM2.5 concentrations 10 years before the date of OC diagnosis were assessed by random forest models at a 1 km × 1 km resolution. Cox proportional hazard models fully adjusted for the covariates (including age at diagnosis, education, physical activity, kitchen ventilation, FIGO stage, and comorbidities) and distributed lag non-linear models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of PM2.5 and all-cause mortality of OC. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 37.6 months (interquartile: 24.8-50.5 months), 118 (19.34 %) deaths were confirmed among 610 OC patients. One-year PM2.5 exposure levels before OC diagnosis was significantly associated with an increase in all-cause mortality among OC patients (single-pollutant model: HR = 1.22, 95 % CI: 1.02-1.46; multi-pollutant models: HR = 1.38, 95 % CI: 1.10-1.72). Furthermore, during 1 to 10 years prior to diagnosis, the lag-specific effect of long-term PM2.5 exposure on the all-cause mortality of OC had a risk increase for lag 1-6 years, and the exposure-response relationship was linear. Of note, significant interactions between several immunological indicators as well as solid fuel use for cooking and ambient PM2.5 concentrations were observed. CONCLUSION Higher ambient PM2.5 concentrations were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality among OC patients, and there was a lag effect in long-term PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zi Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu-Hong Huang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Su Shi
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Xiao Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wei
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing-Jie Zou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi Yan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ren-Jie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Ting Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, China.
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9
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Liu H, Zhang X, Sun Z, Chen Y. Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:141-156. [PMID: 36688945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The high incidence of cancer has placed an enormous health and economic burden on countries around the world. In addition to evidence of epidemiological studies, conclusive evidence from animal experiments and mechanistic studies have also shown that morbidity and mortality of some cancers can be attributed to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, especially in lung cancer. However, the underlying carcinogenetic mechanisms of PM2.5 remain unclear. Furthermore, in terms of risks of other types of cancer, both epidemiological and mechanistic evidence are more limited and scattered, and the results are also inconsistent. In order to sort out the carcinogenic effect of PM2.5, this paper reviews the association of cancers with PM2.5 based on epidemiological and biological evidence including genetic, epigenetic, and molecular mechanisms. The limitations of existing researches and the prospects for the future are also well clarified in this paper to provide insights for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanrui Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Xiaoke Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yueyue Chen
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
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10
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Zhang W, Bai Z, Shi L, Son JH, Li L, Wang L, Chen J. Size-fractionated ultrafine particles and their optical properties produced from heating edible oils in a kitchen laboratory. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158385. [PMID: 36055512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cooking oil fume (COF) is an important source of indoor and outdoor air pollutants. COF generates a large number of organic compounds through volatilization and thermal oxidation, mainly including acids, alcohols, aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which can contribute 10 %-35 % to airborne organic particles in urban areas. COF not only affects human health owning to their small sizes, but also may absorb incident light due to the presence of brown carbon (BrC) chromophores in organic components. Therefore, we investigated size distributions and light absorption properties of particles produced from heating four types of edible oil. Results showed over 75 % of COF particles belonged to ultrafine particles (UFPs) and capable of absorbing light. The particle number size distributions for heating all edible oils were bimodal lognormal distribution, and the two mode diameters were within 27.9-32.2 nm and 187.7-299.6 nm. Both real-time monitoring and offline analyzing results show the average absorption coefficients of particles generated from heating soybean oil were much greater compare to those of heating other three edible oils. The mean AAE370/520 for heating soybean oil, olive oil, corn oil and peanut oil were 1.877, 1.669, 1.745 and 1.288, respectively, indicating the presence of BrC chromophores. A large proportion of BrC identified by HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS only contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which are CnH2nO2, CnH2n-2O2, CnH2n-4O2 and CnH2n-6O2 (9 <n < 23), may belong to fatty acids. Their total light absorption at λ = 370 nm accounted for 16.75 %-54.56 % of the total absorption of methanol-soluble BrC. The findings provided scientific evidences for the significance of cooking emissions on ambient aerosol properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Bai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China
| | - Longbo Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China
| | - Jung Hyun Son
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China.
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11
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Liu D, Liu Y, Wang R, Feng L, Xu L, Jin C. Metabolic profiling disturbance of PM 2.5 revealed by Raman spectroscopy and mass spectrometry-based nontargeted metabolomics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:74500-74511. [PMID: 35639313 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an important risk factor affecting human health. Therefore, a quick method for finding metabolic targets in situ in ambient fine particulate matter is crucial. In this study, the impact of PM2.5 on human lung epithelial cells (A549) was investigated by Raman spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS)-based nontargeted metabolomics analysis. Raman detection indicated that exposure to PM2.5 reduced the levels of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and nucleotides. Metabolomics results not only demonstrated a significant decrease of the aforementioned metabolites but also added some important metabolite information that could not be detected by Raman spectroscopy. Our study demonstrated that Raman spectroscopy was an in situ, real-time, and rapid detection method for detecting metabolites, especially suitable for the assignment of phenylalanine/tyrosine and nucleotides, which play important roles in cellular growth. Moreover, the metabolic profiling changes observed upon PM2.5 treatment mainly involved phenylalanine, tyrosine metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, and energy metabolism, clearly demonstrating that PM2.5 can inhibit the synthesis of protein and DNA/RNA and reduce cellular energy supplies, further influencing cellular proliferation and other activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojie Liu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yumin Liu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ruibing Wang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chengyu Jin
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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12
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Chin WS, Pan SC, Huang CC, Chen PJ, Guo YL. Exposure to Air Pollution and Survival in Follow-Up after Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2022; 11:474-482. [PMID: 36158593 PMCID: PMC9485987 DOI: 10.1159/000525346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Air pollutants are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter with an aerodiameter of 2.5 μm or lower (PM2.5) has been reported to be linked with increased mortality due to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the effects of air pollutants other than PM2.5 on HCC-related mortality have not been fully investigated. Accordingly, we conducted this study to assess the effect of long-term exposure to air pollutants (PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide [NO2]) on HCC-related mortality. Method In 2005, the Taiwan Liver Cancer Network (TLCN) was established by the National Research Program for Genomic Medicine to recruit liver cancer patients from 5 major medical centers in northern, central, and southern Taiwan. The TLCN had successfully recruited 9,344 patients by the end of 2018. In this study, we included 1,000 patients randomly sampled from the TLCN to assess the effect of exposure to air pollutants on HCC mortality after HCC diagnosis. Daily averages of PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations were retrieved from 77 air quality-monitoring stations and interpolated to the townships of patients' residences by using the Kriging method. The effect of air pollutants on HCC survival was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results A total of 940 patients were included in the analysis. After adjusting for potential confounders and mutually adjusting for co-pollutants, we observed that the hazards ratio (95% confidence interval) for HCC-related mortality for every 1-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration was 1.11 (1.08-1.14) and that for every 1-ppb increase in NO2 concentration was 1.08 (1.03-1.13). Conclusion Our study suggests that long-term exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 was associated with decreased survival time in patients with HCC in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shan Chin
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Chun Pan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Huang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, NTU College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology, NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Song J, Zeng Y, Zhu M, Zhu G, Chen C, Jin M, Wang J, Song Y. Comprehensive analysis of transcriptome-wide m 6A methylome in the lung tissues of mice with acute particulate matter exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113810. [PMID: 35777340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) exposure is identified as a critical risk factor for chronic airway diseases, but the biological mechanism of PM-induced lung damage was not fully elucidated. The m6A methylation, as the main member of epigenetic modifications, has been found to play an important role in different pulmonary diseases, but its regulatory effect on PM-induced lung damage remains unknown. This study firstly used the methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) to reveal the m6A methylome profiles in the lung tissues of mice with acute PM exposure. Compared with the normal control, a total of 2210 differentially hypermethylated m6A peaks within 1879 genes and 1278 differentially hypomethylated m6A peaks within 1153 genes were identified in the PM-exposed group. Conjoint analysis of MeRIP-seq and high-throughput sequencing for RNA (RNA-seq) data predicated several potential pathways including MAPK signaling pathway, cell senescence, and cell cycle. Four m6A-modified differentially expressed genes (IL-1a, IL-1b, ADAM-8, and HMOX-1) were selected for validation using MeRIP-qPCR. Furthermore, the m6A-modified IL-1a promoted PM-induced inflammation via regulating MAPK signaling pathway. These results provide a new insight into the biological mechanism of PM-induced lung damage, and help us to develop new methods to prevent and treat PM-induced adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yingying Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Mengchan Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Guiping Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Cuicui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Meiling Jin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
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Lakhdar R, Mumby S, Abubakar-Waziri H, Porter A, Adcock IM, Chung KF. Lung toxicity of particulates and gaseous pollutants using ex-vivo airway epithelial cell culture systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119323. [PMID: 35447256 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution consists of a multi-faceted mix of gases and ambient particulate matter (PM) with diverse organic and non-organic chemical components that contribute to increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide. In particular, epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that respiratory health is adversely affected by exposure to air pollution by both causing and worsening (exacerbating) diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. The molecular mechanisms of air pollution-induced pulmonary toxicity have been evaluated with regards to different types of PM of various sizes and concentrations with single and multiple exposures over different time periods. These data provide a plausible interrelationship between cellular toxicity and the activation of multiple biological processes including proinflammatory responses, oxidative stress, mitochondrial oxidative damage, autophagy, apoptosis, cell genotoxicity, cellular senescence and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. However, these molecular changes have been studied predominantly in cell lines rather than in primary bronchial or nasal cells from healthy subjects or those isolated from patients with airways disease. In addition, they have been conducted under different cell culture conditions and generally in submerged culture rather than the more relevant air-liquid interface culture and with a variety of air pollutant exposure protocols. Cell types may respond differentially to pollution delivered as an aerosol rather than being bathed in media containing agglomerations of particles. As a result, the actual pathophysiological pathways activated by different PMs in primary cells from the airways of healthy and asthmatic subjects remains unclear. This review summarises the literature on the different methodologies utilised in studying the impact of submicron-sized pollutants on cells derived from the respiratory tract with an emphasis on data obtained from primary human cell. We highlight the critical underlying molecular mechanisms that may be important in driving disease processes in response to air pollution in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Lakhdar
- National Heart and Lung Institute and *Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom.
| | - Sharon Mumby
- National Heart and Lung Institute and *Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom.
| | - Hisham Abubakar-Waziri
- National Heart and Lung Institute and *Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom.
| | - Alexandra Porter
- National Heart and Lung Institute and *Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom.
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute and *Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom.
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute and *Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, United Kingdom.
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15
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Keswani A, Akselrod H, Anenberg SC. Health and Clinical Impacts of Air Pollution and Linkages with Climate Change. NEJM EVIDENCE 2022; 1:EVIDra2200068. [PMID: 38319260 DOI: 10.1056/evidra2200068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Air Pollution Impacts and Climate Change LinksAs part of the NEJM Group series on climate change, Keswani and colleagues review the linkages between climate change and air pollution and suggest strategies that clinicians may use to mitigate the adverse health impacts of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjeni Keswani
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Hana Akselrod
- Division of Infectious Diseases, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Susan C Anenberg
- George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC
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16
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Niu X, Wang Y, Chuang HC, Shen Z, Sun J, Cao J, Ho KF. Real-time chemical composition of ambient fine aerosols and related cytotoxic effects in human lung epithelial cells in an urban area. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112792. [PMID: 35093308 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤1 μm (PM1) in the atmosphere, especially that which is emitted from anthropogenic sources, can induce considerable negative effects on the cardiopulmonary system. To investigate the chemical emission characteristics and organic sources in Yuen Long (Hong Kong), both offline and online approaches for PM1 samples were applied by filter-based samplers and a Quadrupole Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (Q-ACSM), respectively. The toxicological effects on human A549 lung alveolar epithelial cells were investigated, and associations between cytotoxicity and organic sources and compositions were evaluated. The organics from the Q-ACSM measurement were the largest contributor to submicron aerosols in both seasons of our study, and the mass fraction was higher in winter (60%) than it was in autumn (46%). Regarding organic sources, the mass fraction of hydrocarbon-like organics (HOA) increased from 7% in autumn to 38% in winter, whereas cooking organics (COA) decreased from 30% in autumn to 18% in winter, and oxygenated organics (OOA) decreased from 63% to 45%. Organic compounds contributed more during pollution episodes, and more secondary ions were formed by means of the oxidation process. Oxidative and inflammatory responses in A549 cells were found with PM1 exposures; the differences in chemical compositions resulted in the higher cytotoxicity in winter than autumn. The cooking organic aerosol in residential area was significantly correlated with cell inflammation. Both elemental carbon and specific inorganic ions (SO42- and Mg2+) contributed to the intracellular cytotoxicity. This study demonstrated that specific atmospheric particulate matter chemical properties and sources can trigger distinct cell reactions; the inorganic ions from cooking emissions cannot be disregarded in terms of their pulmonary health risks in residential areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Niu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Boing AF, deSouza P, Boing AC, Kim R, Subramanian SV. Air Pollution, Socioeconomic Status, and Age-Specific Mortality Risk in the United States. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2213540. [PMID: 35608861 PMCID: PMC9131742 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Prior studies on the association between fine particulate matter with diameters 2.5 μm or smaller (PM2.5) and probability of death have not applied multilevel analysis disaggregating data for US census tract, states, and counties, nor tested its interaction by socioeconomic status (SES). Such an approach could provide a more refined identification and targeting of populations exposed to increased risk from PM2.5. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between PM2.5 and age-specific mortality risk (ASMR) using disaggregated data at the census tract level and evaluate such association according to census tract SES. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This nationwide cross-sectional study used a linkage of 3 different data sets. ASMR for the period of 2010 to 2015 was obtained from the National Center for Health Statistic, SES data covering a period from 2006 to 2016 came from the American Community Survey, and mean PM2.5 exposure levels from 2010 to 2015 were derived from well-validated atmospheric chemistry and machine learning models. Data were analyzed in April 2021. EXPOSURES The main exploratory variable was mean census tract-level long-term exposure to PM2.5 from 2010 to 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was census tract-level ASMR. Multilevel models were used to quantify the geographic variation in ASMR at levels of census tract, county, and state. Additional analysis explored the interaction of SES in the association of ASMR with PM2.5 exposure. RESULTS Data from 67 148 census tracts nested in 3087 counties and 50 states were analyzed. The association between exposure to PM2.5 and ASMR varied substantially across census tracts. The magnitude of such association also varied across age groups, being higher among adults and older adults. Census tracts accounted for most of the total geographic variation in mortality risk (range, 77.0%-94.2%). ASMR was higher in deciles with greater PM2.5 concentration. For example, ASMR for age 75 to 84 years was 54.6 per 1000 population higher in the decile with the second-highest PM2.5 concentration than in the decile with the lowest PM2.5 concentration. The ASMR, PM2.5 concentrations, and magnitude of the association between both were higher in the census tracts with the lowest SES. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cross-sectional study found that census tracts with lower SES presented higher PM2.5 concentrations. ASMR and air pollution varied substantially across census tracts. There was an association between air pollution and ASMR across all age groups in the United States. These findings suggest that equitable public policies aimed at improving air quality are needed and important to increase life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fernando Boing
- Post-Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Priyanka deSouza
- Urban and Regional Planning Department, University of Colorado Denver, Denver
| | - Alexandra Crispim Boing
- Post-Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rockli Kim
- Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - S. V. Subramanian
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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18
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Guo C, Lv S, Liu Y, Li Y. Biomarkers for the adverse effects on respiratory system health associated with atmospheric particulate matter exposure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126760. [PMID: 34396970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of epidemiological evidence have confirmed the atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure was positively correlated with the morbidity and mortality of respiratory diseases. Nevertheless, its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, probably resulting from the activation of oxidative stress, inflammation, altered genetic and epigenetic modifications in the lung upon PM2.5 exposure. Currently, biomarker investigations have been widely used in epidemiological and toxicological studies, which may help in understanding the biologic mechanisms underlying PM2.5-elicited adverse health outcomes. Here, the emerging biomarkers to indicate PM2.5-respiratory system interactions were summarized, primarily related to oxidative stress (ROS, MDA, GSH, etc.), inflammation (Interleukins, FENO, CC16, etc.), DNA damage (8-OHdG, γH2AX, OGG1) and also epigenetic modulation (DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNAs). The identified biomarkers shed light on PM2.5-elicited inflammation, fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis, thus may favor more precise interventions in public health. It is worth noting that some inconsistent findings may possibly relate to the inter-study differentials in the airborne PM2.5 sample, exposure mode and targeted subjects, as well as methodological issues. Further research, particularly by -omics technique to identify novel, specific biomarkers, is warranted to illuminate the causal relationship between PM2.5 pollution and deleterious lung outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Guo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Songqing Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yufan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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19
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Zhou X, Dai H, Jiang H, Rui H, Liu W, Dong Z, Zhang N, Zhao Q, Feng Z, Hu Y, Hou F, Zheng Y, Liu B. MicroRNAs: Potential mediators between particulate matter 2.5 and Th17/Treg immune disorder in primary membranous nephropathy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:968256. [PMID: 36210816 PMCID: PMC9532747 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.968256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary membranous nephropathy (PMN), is an autoimmune glomerular disease and the main reason of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Studies have confirmed that the incidence of PMN increases yearly and is related to fine air pollutants particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) exposure. These imply that PM2.5 may be associated with exposure to PMN-specific autoantigens, such as the M-type receptor for secretory phospholipase A2 (PLA2R1). Emerging evidence indicates that Th17/Treg turns to imbalance under PM2.5 exposure, but the molecular mechanism of this process in PMN has not been elucidated. As an important indicator of immune activity in multiple diseases, Th17/Treg immune balance is sensitive to antigens and cellular microenvironment changes. These immune pathways play an essential role in the disease progression of PMN. Also, microRNAs (miRNAs) are susceptible to external environmental stimulation and play link role between the environment and immunity. The contribution of PM2.5 to PMN may induce Th17/Treg imbalance through miRNAs and then produce epigenetic affection. We summarize the pathways by which PM2.5 interferes with Th17/Treg immune balance and attempt to explore the intermediary roles of miRNAs, with a particular focus on the changes in PMN. Meanwhile, the mechanism of PM2.5 promoting PLA2R1 exposure is discussed. This review aims to clarify the potential mechanism of PM2.5 on the pathogenesis and progression of PMN and provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Zhou
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Dai
- Shunyi Branch, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hanxue Jiang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Rui
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaocheng Dong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qihan Zhao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Feng
- Pinggu Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehong Hu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanyu Hou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoli Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Shunyi Branch, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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20
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Banerjee S, Banerjee A, Palit D. Ecosystem services and impact of industrial pollution on urban health: evidence from Durgapur, West Bengal, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:744. [PMID: 34677689 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization, urbanization, and rapid socioeconomic growth are the prime factors regarding development of an urban city. These activities deteriorate the environment slowly by increasing harmful pollutants and the impact of which will be observed in near future in terms of several natural calamities, disease, and ecological consequences. Various urban ecosystems like urban forestry, wetland, grassland, parks/gardens etc. are the main criteria of urban health in respect to delivering multiple of benefits to the surrounding biota. But these regulatory systems have been affected severely through different industrial pollution stresses resulting into deterioration of their physicochemical quality and biotic diversity. The study revealed that the annual average air pollution index (API) exceeded the higher threshold value (i.e. >100) during the study period and recognized Durgapur as the severely polluted region in West Bengal, India. The characteristics of major air pollutants like SO2, NOx, and suspended particulate matter (SPM) and their temporal trends have been evaluated. The objective of this study was to detect the effect of industrial pollution on the aforesaid urban ecosystems in terms of variable ecological services such as purification of polluted air, atmospheric regulation, reduction of noise, proper drainage of rainwater, and sewage treatment. The outcome of this review work was to evaluate thoroughly the physiological, biochemical, and morphological symptoms of plant species under air pollution stress. On the other hand, the effect of air pollution on human and animal populations regarding various diseases (like bronchitis, cardiopulmonary arrest, cancer, liver and kidney dysfunction) has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiboram Banerjee
- PG Department of Conservation Biology, Durgapur Govt. college, Durgapur, 713214, West Bengal, India.
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- U.T.D, Department of Environmental Science, Sant Gahira Guru Vishwavidyalaya, Ambikapur, Chattisgarh, 497001, India
| | - Debnath Palit
- Department of Botany, Durgapur Govt. College, Durgapur, 713214, West Bengal, India
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21
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Wu ZH, Zhao M, Yu H, Li HD. The impact of particulate matter 2.5 on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 95:677-683. [PMID: 34654946 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The convoluted element of PM2.5 may cause various biological reactions. Nowadays, few studies have indicated the long-term health effects of PM2.5 on HCC. Therefore, this meta-analysis first aims to obtain more precise estimates of the effects of PM2.5 exposure on HCC to assess the strength of the evidence. METHODS A combination of computer and manual retrieval was used to search in Medline through PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. Review Manager 5.3 software was used to examine the heterogeneity among the studies. RESULTS Finally, 8 qualified articles meet the inclusion criteria. The results were I2 = 0%, P > 0.1 indicating that there was no heterogeneity. The results showed that the concentration of PM2.5 increased by 10 μg/m3 was significantly correlated with liver cancer, and HR was 1.22 (95% CI 1.14-1.30, P < 0.05), indicating that maternal exposure to PM2.5 was positively correlated with liver cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis showed that the patients with HCC significance related to PM2.5 exposure. However, more studies investigating the combined effects of different air pollutants on HCC incidence are warranted to provide more comprehensive evidence for assessing the different levels impacts of PM2.5 exposure on HCC incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Hong Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Hua-Dong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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22
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Quezada-Maldonado EM, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Chirino YI, García-Cuellar CM. Airborne particulate matter induces oxidative damage, DNA adduct formation and alterations in DNA repair pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117313. [PMID: 34022687 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution, which includes particulate matter (PM), is classified in group 1 as a carcinogen to humans by the International Agency for Research in Cancer. Specifically, PM exposure has been associated with lung cancer in patients living in highly polluted cities. The precise mechanism by which PM is linked to cancer has not been completely described, and the genotoxicity induced by PM exposure plays a relevant role in cell damage. In this review, we aimed to analyze the types of DNA damage and alterations in DNA repair pathways induced by PM exposure, from both epidemiological and toxicological studies, to comprehend the contribution of PM exposure to carcinogenesis. Scientific evidence supports that PM exposure mainly causes oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the formation of DNA adducts, specifically by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). PM exposure also induces double-strand breaks (DSBs) and deregulates the expression of some proteins in DNA repair pathways, precisely, base and nucleotide excision repairs and homologous repair. Furthermore, specific polymorphisms of DNA repair genes could lead to an adverse response in subjects exposed to PM. Nevertheless, information about the effects of PM on DNA repair pathways is still limited, and it has not been possible to conclude which pathways are the most affected by exposure to PM or if DNA damage is repaired properly. Therefore, deepening the study of genotoxic damage and alterations of DNA repair pathways is needed for a more precise understanding of the carcinogenic mechanism of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ericka Marel Quezada-Maldonado
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, CP 14080, CDMX, Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Posgrado Edificio B, Primer Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, CP 14080, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia M García-Cuellar
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, CP 14080, CDMX, Mexico.
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23
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Kermani M, Rahmatinia T, Oskoei V, Norzaee S, Shahsavani A, Farzadkia M, Kazemi MH. Potential cytotoxicity of trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons bounded to particulate matter: a review on in vitro studies on human lung epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55888-55904. [PMID: 34490568 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies have been conducted for clarifying toxicological mechanisms of particulate matter (PM) aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties of PM and providing biological endpoints such as inflammation, perturbation of cell cycle, oxidative stress, or DNA damage. However, although several studies have presented some effects, there is still no consensus on the determinants of biological responses. This review attempts to summarize all past research conducted in recent years on the physicochemical properties of environmental PM in different places and the relationship between different PM components and PM potential cytotoxicity on the human lung epithelial cells. Among 447 papers with our initial principles, a total of 50 articles were selected from 1986 to April 2020 based on the chosen criteria for review. According to the results of selected studies, it is obvious that cytotoxicity in human lung epithelial cells is created both directly or indirectly by transition metals (such as Cu, Cr, Fe, Zn), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and ions that formed on the surface of particles. In the selected studies, the findings of the correlation analysis indicate that there is a significant relationship between cell viability reduction and secretion of inflammatory mediators. As a result, it seems that the observed biological responses are related to the composition and the physicochemical properties of the PMs. Therefore, the physicochemical properties of PM should be considered when explaining PM cytotoxicity, and long-term research data will lead to improved strategies to reduce air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Kermani
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahere Rahmatinia
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahide Oskoei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Norzaee
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Shahsavani
- Air Quality and Climate Change Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farzadkia
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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PM 2.5 Exacerbates Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response through the Nrf2/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in OVA-Induced Allergic Rhinitis Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158173. [PMID: 34360939 PMCID: PMC8348225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution-related particulate matter (PM) exposure reportedly enhances allergic airway inflammation. Some studies have shown an association between PM exposure and a risk for allergic rhinitis (AR). However, the effect of PM for AR is not fully understood. An AR mouse model was developed by intranasal administration of 100 μg/mouse PM with a less than or equal to 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) solution, and then by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) with alum and intranasal challenging with 10 mg/mL OVA. The effects of PM2.5 on oxidative stress and inflammatory response via the Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway in mice with or without AR indicating by histological, serum, and protein analyses were examined. PM2.5 administration enhanced allergic inflammatory cell expression in the nasal mucosa through increasing the expression of inflammatory cytokine and reducing the release of Treg cytokine in OVA-induced AR mice, although PM2.5 exposure itself induced neither allergic responses nor damage to nasal and lung tissues. Notably, repeated OVA-immunization markedly impaired the nasal mucosa in the septum region. Moreover, AR with PM2.5 exposure reinforced this impairment in OVA-induced AR mice. Long-term PM2.5 exposure strengthened allergic reactions by inducing the oxidative through malondialdehyde production. The present study also provided evidence, for the first time, that activity of the Nrf2 signaling pathway is inhibited in PM2.5 exposed AR mice. Furthermore, PM2.5 exposure increased the histopathological changes of nasal and lung tissues and related the inflammatory cytokine, and clearly enhanced PM2.5 phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages via activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. These obtained results suggest that AR patients may experience exacerbation of allergic responses in areas with prolonged PM2.5 exposure.
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25
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Pardo M, Li C, Fang Z, Levin-Zaidman S, Dezorella N, Czech H, Martens P, Käfer U, Gröger T, Rüger CP, Friederici L, Zimmermann R, Rudich Y. Toxicity of Water- and Organic-Soluble Wood Tar Fractions from Biomass Burning in Lung Epithelial Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1588-1603. [PMID: 34033466 PMCID: PMC8277191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Widespread smoke from wildfires and biomass burning contributes to air pollution and the deterioration of air quality and human health. A common and major emission of biomass burning, often found in collected smoke particles, is spherical wood tar particles, also known as "tar balls". However, the toxicity of wood tar particles and the mechanisms that govern their health impacts and the impact of their complicated chemical matrix are not fully elucidated. To address these questions, we generated wood tar material from wood pyrolysis and isolated two main subfractions: water-soluble and organic-soluble fractions. The chemical characteristics as well as the cytotoxicity, oxidative damage, and DNA damage mechanisms were investigated after exposure of A549 and BEAS-2B lung epithelial cells to wood tar. Our results suggest that both wood tar subfractions reduce cell viability in exposed lung cells; however, these fractions have different modes of action that are related to their physicochemical properties. Exposure to the water-soluble wood tar fraction increased total reactive oxygen species production in the cells, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and induced oxidative damage and cell death, probably through apoptosis. Exposure to the organic-soluble fraction increased superoxide anion production, with a sharp decrease in MMP. DNA damage is a significant process that may explain the course of toxicity of the organic-soluble fraction. For both subfractions, exposure caused cell cycle alterations in the G2/M phase that were induced by upregulation of p21 and p16. Collectively, both subfractions of wood tar are toxic. The water-soluble fraction contains chemicals (such as phenolic compounds) that induce a strong oxidative stress response and penetrate living cells more easily. The organic-soluble fraction contained more polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxygenated PAHs and induced genotoxic processes, such as DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pardo
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Zheng Fang
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Nili Dezorella
- Electron
Microscopy Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Hendryk Czech
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Cooperation Group Helmholtz Zentrum München
- German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Gmunder Str. 37, 81379 München, Germany
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Patrick Martens
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Uwe Käfer
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Gröger
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Cooperation Group Helmholtz Zentrum München
- German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Gmunder Str. 37, 81379 München, Germany
| | - Christopher P. Rüger
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Lukas Friederici
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Cooperation Group Helmholtz Zentrum München
- German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Gmunder Str. 37, 81379 München, Germany
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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26
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Mazuryk O, Stochel G, Brindell M. Variations in Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Urban Airborne Particulate Matter in Lung Epithelial Cells-Impact of Inorganic Fraction. Front Chem 2021; 8:581752. [PMID: 33392147 PMCID: PMC7773840 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.581752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is associated with numerous negative effects on human health. The toxicity of organic components of air pollution is well-recognized, while the impact of their inorganic counterparts in the overall toxicity is still a matter of various discussions. The influence of airborne particulate matter (PM) and their inorganic components on biological function of human alveolar-like epithelial cells (A549) was investigated in vitro. A novel treatment protocol based on covering culture plates with PM allowed increasing the studied pollutant concentrations and prolonging their incubation time without cell exposure on physical suffocation and mechanical disturbance. PM decreased the viability of A549 cells and disrupted their mitochondrial membrane potential and calcium homeostasis. For the first time, the difference in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) profiles generated by organic and inorganic counterparts of PM was shown. Singlet oxygen generation was observed only after treatment of cells with inorganic fraction of PM, while hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion radical were induced after exposure of A549 cells to both PM and their inorganic fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Mazuryk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grazyna Stochel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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27
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de Oliveira Alves N, Martins Pereira G, Di Domenico M, Costanzo G, Benevenuto S, de Oliveira Fonoff AM, de Souza Xavier Costa N, Ribeiro Júnior G, Satoru Kajitani G, Cestari Moreno N, Fotoran W, Iannicelli Torres J, de Andrade JB, Matera Veras M, Artaxo P, Menck CFM, de Castro Vasconcellos P, Saldiva P. Inflammation response, oxidative stress and DNA damage caused by urban air pollution exposure increase in the lack of DNA repair XPC protein. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106150. [PMID: 33039876 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution represents a considerable threat to health worldwide. The São Paulo Metropolitan area, in Brazil, has a unique composition of atmospheric pollutants with a population of nearly 20 million people and 9 million passenger cars. It is long known that exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) can cause various health effects such as DNA damage. One of the most versatile defense mechanisms against the accumulation of DNA damage is the nucleotide excision repair (NER), which includes XPC protein. However, the mechanisms by which NER protects against adverse health effects related to air pollution are largely unknown. We hypothesized that reduction of XPC activity may contribute to inflammation response, oxidative stress and DNA damage after PM2.5 exposure. To address these important questions, XPC knockout and wild type mice were exposed to PM2.5 using the Harvard Ambient Particle concentrator. Results from one-single exposure have shown a significant increase in the levels of anti-ICAM, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the polluted group when compared to the filtered air group. Continued chronic PM2.5 exposure increased levels of carbonylated proteins, especially in the lung of XPC mice, probably as a consequence of oxidative stress. As a response to DNA damage, XPC mice lungs exhibit increased γ-H2AX, followed by severe atypical hyperplasia. Emissions from vehicles are composed of hazardous substances, with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals being most frequently cited as the major contributors to negative health impacts. This analysis showed that benzo[b]fluoranthene, 2-nitrofluorene and 9,10-anthraquinone were the most abundant PAHs and derivatives. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the participation of XPC protein, and NER pathway, in the protection of mice against the carcinogenic potential of air pollution. This implicates that DNA is damaged directly (forming adducts) or indirectly (Reactive Oxygen Species) by the various compounds detected in urban PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marlise Di Domenico
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Costanzo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah Benevenuto
- Department of Surgery, Sector of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Gustavo Satoru Kajitani
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Cestari Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wesley Fotoran
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariana Matera Veras
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Artaxo
- Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Saldiva
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Effects of DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Exposed to PM 2.5 from Beijing, China, in Winter. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134874. [PMID: 32640694 PMCID: PMC7369897 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have corroborated that respiratory diseases, including lung cancer, are related to fine particulate matter (<2.5 μm) (PM2.5) exposure. The toxic responses of PM2.5 are greatly influenced by the source of PM2.5. However, the effects of PM2.5 from Beijing on bronchial genotoxicity are scarce. In the present study, PM2.5 from Beijing was sampled and applied in vitro to investigate its genotoxicity and the mechanisms behind it. Human bronchial epithelial cells 16HBE were used as a model for exposure. Low (67.5 μg/mL), medium (116.9 μg/mL), and high (202.5 μg/mL) doses of PM2.5 were used for cell exposure. After PM2.5 exposure, cell viability, oxidative stress markers, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) strand breaks, 8-OH-dG levels, micronuclei formation, and DNA repair gene expression were measured. The results showed that PM2.5 significantly induced cytotoxicity in 16HBE. Moreover, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and cellular heme oxygenase (HO-1) were increased, and the level of glutathione (GSH) was decreased, which represented the occurrence of severe oxidative stress in 16HBE. The micronucleus rate was elevated, and DNA damage occurred as indicators of the comet assay, γ-H2AX and 8-OH-dG, were markedly enhanced by PM2.5, accompanied by the influence of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), X-ray repair cross-complementing gene 1 (XRCC1), and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) expression. These results support the significant role of PM2.5 genotoxicity in 16HBE cells, which may occur through the combined effect on oxidative stress and the influence of DNA repair genes.
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29
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Di A, Wu Y, Chen M, Nie D, Ge X. Chemical Characterization of Seasonal PM 2.5 Samples and Their Cytotoxicity in Human Lung Epithelial Cells (A549). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124599. [PMID: 32604837 PMCID: PMC7345009 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the toxicity of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) sourced from different seasons on human health, we collected PM2.5 samples quarterly from March 2016 to February 2017 in Nanjing, China. The component analysis results showed that high proportions of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), SO42−, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were found in the summer samples, while high proportions of NO3−, NH4+ and heavy metals were observed in the spring and winter samples. Then human lung epithelial cells (A549) were exposed to the PM2.5 samples. The toxicological results indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the spring and winter samples was higher than that in the summer and fall samples, which was related to the contribution of some heavy metals and inorganic ions (e.g., Pb and NO3−). However, the apoptosis rates of the cells showed the opposite seasonal changes as what the ROS did, which might be caused by the higher WSOC content in the summer. In addition, regression analysis also showed the importance of the PM2.5 components in ROS production and apoptosis. Particularly, Zn had the strongest correlation with ROS production (R = 0.863) and cell apoptosis (R = 0.675); thus, the specific toxicity of Zn in PM2.5 deserves further investigation. Our results could be beneficial for assessing the health risks and controlling the toxic components of PM2.5 in Nanjing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Di
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (A.D.); (X.G.)
| | - Yun Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (A.D.); (X.G.)
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (M.C.); Tel.: +86-25-5873-1089 (M.C.)
| | - Mindong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (A.D.); (X.G.)
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (M.C.); Tel.: +86-25-5873-1089 (M.C.)
| | - Dongyang Nie
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Xinlei Ge
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; (A.D.); (X.G.)
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Fifteen Years of Airborne Particulates in Vitro Toxicology in Milano: Lessons and Perspectives Learned. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072489. [PMID: 32260164 PMCID: PMC7177378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the world’s leading environmental causes of death. The epidemiological relationship between outdoor air pollution and the onset of health diseases associated with death is now well established. Relevant toxicological proofs are now dissecting the molecular processes that cause inflammation, reactive species generation, and DNA damage. In addition, new data are pointing out the role of airborne particulates in the modulation of genes and microRNAs potentially involved in the onset of human diseases. In the present review we collect the relevant findings on airborne particulates of one of the biggest hot spots of air pollution in Europe (i.e., the Po Valley), in the largest urban area of this region, Milan. The different aerodynamic fractions are discussed separately with a specific focus on fine and ultrafine particles that are now the main focus of several studies. Results are compared with more recent international findings. Possible future perspectives of research are proposed to create a new discussion among scientists working on the toxicological effects of airborne particles.
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Huang HC, Tantoh DM, Hsu SY, Nfor ON, Frank CFL, Lung CC, Ho CC, Chen CY, Liaw YP. Association between coarse particulate matter (PM 10-2.5) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma among Taiwanese men. J Investig Med 2020; 68:419-424. [PMID: 31619486 PMCID: PMC7063388 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2019-001119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The nasopharyngeal tract traps mainly coarse particles in inhaled air. Soluble carcinogenic compounds, endotoxins, and trace metals contained in these particles are potential causes of inflammation and oxidative stress which could enhance carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the association between coarse particulate matter (PM10-2.5) and nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). A total of 521,098 men (355 cases and 520,743 non-cases), aged ≥40 years were included in this study. Data were retrieved from the Taiwan Cancer Registry, the Adult Preventive Medical Services Database, and the Air Quality Monitoring Database. PM10-2.5 was significantly associated with a higher risk of NPC after adjusting for SO2, NOx, O3, age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol drinking, betel nut chewing, exercise, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. With PM10-2.5<20.44 μg/m3 as the reference, the ORs and 95% CIs were 1.47; 1.03-2.11, 1.34; 0.94-1.91, and 1.68; 1.16-2.44 for 20.44≤PM10-2.5<24.08, 24.08≤PM10-2.5<29.27, and PM10-2.5≥29.27 μg/m3, respectively. PM10-2.5 remained significantly associated with a higher risk of NPC after further adjustments were made for the aforementioned covariates and PM2.5 The ORs; 95% CIs were 1.42; 0.96 to 2.12, 1.41; 0.94 to 2.10, and 1.71; 1.10 to 2.66 for 20.44≤PM10-2.5<24.08, 24.08≤PM10-2.5<29.27, and PM10-2.5≥29.27 μg/m3, respectively. In conclusion, PM10-2.5 was significantly associated with a higher risk of NPC in Taiwanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Chih Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Disline Manli Tantoh
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Hsu
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheau-Feng Lin Frank
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Lung
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Ho
- Department of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lee CH, Hsieh SY, Huang WH, Wang IK, Yen TH. Association between Ambient Particulate Matter 2.5 Exposure and Mortality in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142490. [PMID: 31336910 PMCID: PMC6678370 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is a severe public health problem in Taiwan. Moreover, Taiwan is an endemic area for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study examined the effect of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) exposure on mortality in this population. A total of 1003 patients with HCC treated at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between 2000 and 2009 were included in this study. At the end of the analysis, 288 (28.7%) patients had died. Patients with HCC living in environments with PM2.5 concentrations of ≥36 µg/m3 had a higher mortality rate than patients living in environments with PM2.5 concentrations of <36 µg/m3 (36.8% versus 27.5%, p = 0.034). The multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that PM2.5 ≥ 36 µg/m3 was a significant risk factor for mortality (1.584 (1.162–2.160), p = 0.004). A nonlinear relationship was observed between the odds ratio and PM2.5. The odds ratio was 1.137 (1.015–1.264) for each increment of 5 µg/m3 in PM2.5 or 1.292 (1.030–1.598) for each increment of 10 µg/m3 in PM2.5. Therefore, patients with HCC exposed to ambient PM2.5 concentrations of ≥36 µg/m3 had a 1.584-fold higher risk of death than those exposed to PM2.5 concentrations of <36 µg/m3. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chern-Horng Lee
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Yung Hsieh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
| | - I-Kuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan.
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Environmental and Life-Style Related Risk Factors for Sinonasal and Nasopharyngeal Malignancies among a Prospective Cohort in Jos, Nigeria. Int J Otolaryngol 2018; 2018:8524861. [PMID: 30410543 PMCID: PMC6206526 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8524861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide evidence indicates that environmental and life-style related factors are associated with increased risk for cancers in the head and neck region. We aim to study the association between these risk factors and cancers in the sinonasal and nasopharyngeal regions in our environment. Methods Longitudinal prospective cohort study at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria. Risk exposures were classified based on the International Agency for the Research on Cancer (IARC) classification of suspected carcinogens. Associations between variables were analyzed using logistic regression. Results We studied 44 patients with malignancies in nasopharynx (n= 24; 54.5%) and sinonasal regions (n= 20; 45.5%). Male to female ratio is 1.9:1 and mean age is 45.2 years. Alcohol was the commonest risk factor in males (n= 19; 43.2%) while cooking wood fumes were the commonest in females (n= 14; 31.8%) which was associated with increased risk for malignancies for all sites, showing ten times risk in nasal cancers (OR= 9.67; 95% CI 1.87- 9.88; p= 0.01). Tobacco was associated with elevated risk of malignancies in the nasomaxillary and nasal regions. Other risks were herbicides, pesticides, and chemical fertilizers in farmers. Conclusion The significant risk exposures in females were cooking wood fumes and alcohol, tobacco, and exposure to agricultural chemicals in males. Life-style modification and environmental changes to ensure clean air in Nigeria are essential to reduce risks.
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Chu YH, Kao SW, Tantoh DM, Ko PC, Lan SJ, Liaw YP. Association between fine particulate matter and oral cancer among Taiwanese men. J Investig Med 2018; 67:34-38. [PMID: 30301867 PMCID: PMC6352417 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and oral cancer among Taiwanese men. Four linked data sources including the Taiwan Cancer Registry, Adult Preventive Medical Services Database, National Health Insurance Research Database, and Air Quality Monitoring Database were used. Concentrations of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, NOx (nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide), coarse particulate matter (PM10-2.5) and PM2.5 in 2009 were assessed in quartiles. A total of 482 659 men aged 40 years and above were included in the analysis. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between PM2.5 and oral cancer diagnosed from 2012 to 2013. After adjusting for potential confounders, the ORs of oral cancer were 0.91 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.11) for 26.74≤PM2.5<32.37, 1.01 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.20) for 32.37≤PM2.5<40.37 µg/m3 and 1.43 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.74) for PM2.5≥40.37 µg/m3 compared with PM2.5<26.74 µg/m3. In this study, there was an increased risk of oral cancer among Taiwanese men who were exposed to higher concentrations of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hua Chu
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Dental Technology and Materials Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Syuan-Wei Kao
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Disline Manli Tantoh
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chieh Ko
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Jen Lan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Identification of abnormally expressed lncRNAs induced by PM2.5 in human bronchial epithelial cells. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171577. [PMID: 29899163 PMCID: PMC6131355 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of stimulation of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) by arterial traffic ambient PM2.5 (TAPM2.5) and wood smoke PM2.5 (WSPM2.5) on the expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in order to find new therapeutic targets for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). HBECs were exposed to TAPM2.5 and WSPM2.5 at a series of concentrations. The microarray analysis was used to detect the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and gene ontology (GO) enrichment were conducted to analyze the differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to confirm the differential expression of lncRNAs. Western blot was performed to study the expression of autophagy and apoptosis-associated proteins. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic cells. The results indicated that fine particulate matter (PM2.5)-induced cell damage of HBECs occurred in a dose-dependent manner. The microarray analysis indicated that treatment with TAPM2.5 and WSPM2.5 led to the alteration of lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles. LncRNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) was significantly up-regulated in HBECs after PM2.5 treatment. The results of Western blot showed that PM2.5 induced cell apoptosis and autophagy by up-regulating apoptosis-associated gene, caspase-3, and down-regulating autophagy-associated markers, Bcl-2 and LC3 expression. In addition, we demonstrated that TAPM2.5 and WSPM2.5 accelerated apoptosis of human bronchial (HBE) cells, silencing of MEG3 suppressed apoptosis and autophagy of HBE cells. These findings suggested that the lncRNA MEG3 mediates PM2.5-induced cell apoptosis and autophagy, and probably through regulating the expression of p53.
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Abstract
The field of nanotechnology has grown exponentially during the last few decades, due in part to the use of nanoparticles in many manufacturing processes, as well as their potential as clinical agents for treatment of diseases and for drug delivery. This has created several new avenues by which humans can be exposed to nanoparticles. Unfortunately, investigations assessing the toxicological impacts of nanoparticles (i.e. nanotoxicity), as well as their possible risks to human health and the environment, have not kept pace with the rapid rise in their use. This has created a gap-in-knowledge and a substantial need for more research. Studies are needed to help complete our understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity of nanoparticles, as well as the mechanisms mediating their distribution and accumulation in cells and tissues and their elimination from the body. This review summarizes our knowledge on nanoparticles, including their various applications, routes of exposure, their potential toxicity and risks to human health.
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León-Mejía G, Machado MN, Okuro RT, Silva LFO, Telles C, Dias J, Niekraszewicz L, Da Silva J, Henriques JAP, Zin WA. Intratracheal instillation of coal and coal fly ash particles in mice induces DNA damage and translocation of metals to extrapulmonary tissues. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 625:589-599. [PMID: 29291573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Continuous exposure to coal mining particles can cause a variety of lung diseases. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of exposure to detailed characterized coal and coal fly ash (CFA) particles on DNA, lung and extrapulmonary tissues. Coal samples (COAL11 and COAL16) and CFA samples (CFA11 and CFA16) were included in this study. Intending to enhance the combustion process COAL16 was co-fired with a mixture of fuel oil and diesel oil, producing CFA16. Male BALB/c mice were intratracheally instilled with coal and CFA particles. Measurements were done 24h later. Results showed significant rigidity and obstruction of the central airways only for animals acutely exposed to coal particles. The COAL16 group also showed obstruction of the peripheral airways. Mononuclear cells were recruited in all treatment groups and expression of cytokines, particularly TNF-α and IL-1β, was observed. Only animals exposed to COAL16 showed a significant expression of IL-6 and recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells. DNA damage was demonstrated by Comet assay for all groups. Cr, Fe and Ni were detected in liver, spleen and brain, showing the efficient translocation of metals from the bloodstream to extrapulmonary organs. These effects were associated with particle composition (oxides, hydroxides, phosphates, sulfides, sulphates, silciates, organic-metalic compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hidrocarbons) rather than their size. This work provides state of knowledge on the effects of acute exposure to coal and CFA particles on respiratory mechanics, DNA damage, translocation of metals to other organs and related inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethel León-Mejía
- Unidad de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Genética y Biología Molecular, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia; Departamento de Biofísica, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Nascimento Machado
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Tiemi Okuro
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis F O Silva
- Research group in Environmental Management and Sustainability, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia; Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Pró-Reitoria de Ensino, de Pesquisa e de Extensão, Pedra Branca, 88137900 Palhoça, SC, Brazil
| | - Claudia Telles
- Laboratório de Implantação Iônica, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Química Ambiental e Oleoquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande dos Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny Dias
- Laboratório de Implantação Iônica, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Liana Niekraszewicz
- Laboratório de Implantação Iônica, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - João Antônio Pêgas Henriques
- Departamento de Biofísica, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Walter Araujo Zin
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Tan C, Lu S, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Shi T, Lin M, Deng Z, Wang Z, Song N, Li S, Yang P, Yang L, Liu Y, Chen Z, Xu K. Long-term exposure to high air pollution induces cumulative DNA damages in traffic policemen. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 593-594:330-336. [PMID: 28346906 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The specific effects of long-term exposure to high air pollution on human health and biological remain unclear. To explore the adverse health effects as well as biological mechanisms and biomarkers for durative exposure to air pollution, 183 traffic policemen and 88 office policemen were enrolled in this study. The concentration of PM2.5 in both the traffic and office policemen's working environments were obtained. Detailed personal questionnaires were completed and levels of inflammation, oxidative stress and DNA damage markers of all participants were analyzed in this study. The average PM2.5 concentration of the intersections of main roads and the offices of control group were 132.4±48.9μg/m3 and 50.80±38.6μg/m3, respectively. The traffic policemen, who stably exposed to at least 2 times higher PM2.5 in their work area as compared with the control group, have a median average duration of 7.00years, and average cumulative intersection duty time reached 8030h. No statistically significant differences in the levels of inflammation markers were observed between the traffic and office policemen. However, the DNA damage markers in traffic policemen shared significant positive correlation with cumulative intersection duty time and higher than those in the office policemen. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that the increase of cumulative intersection duty time by 1h per day for one year was associated with the increase in 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine of 0.329% (95% CI: 0.249% to 0.409%), tail DNA of 0.051% (95% CI: 0.041% to 0.061%), micronucleus frequency of 0.036‰ (95% CI: 0.03‰ to 0.043‰), and a decrease in glutathione of 0.482% (95% CI: -0.652% to -0.313%). These findings suggest that long-term exposure to high air pollution could induce cumulative DNA damages, supporting the hypothesis that durative exposure to air pollution is associated with an increased risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Shijie Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Ting Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Mingyue Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Nana Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Shuna Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Pingting Yang
- Health Management Centre, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Liyan Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Zhiheng Chen
- Health Management Centre, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China.
| | - Keqian Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China.
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Li R, Zhao L, Zhang L, Chen M, Shi J, Dong C, Cai Z. Effects of ambient PM 2.5 and 9-nitroanthracene on DNA damage and repair, oxidative stress and metabolic enzymes in the lungs of rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:654-663. [PMID: 30090532 PMCID: PMC6061955 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00065k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a complex mixture associated with lung cancer risk. PM2.5-bound nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) have been demonstrated to possess mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Previous studies showed that PM2.5 induced DNA damage, whereas there is little knowledge of whether 9-nitroanthracene (9-NA), a typical compound of NPAHs in PM2.5, causes DNA damage. Also, the regulating mechanisms of PM2.5 and 9-NA in DNA damage and repair are not yet fully established. Here we sought to investigate the molecular mechanisms of DNA damage and repair in the lungs of male Wistar rats exposed to PM2.5 (1.5 mg per kg body weight) or three different dosages of 9-NA. And then DNA strand breaks, 8-OH-dG formation, DNA-protein crosslink and DNA repair gene expressions in rat lungs were analyzed. In addition, alteration in oxidative stress factors and metabolic enzymes were detected. The results showed that (1) PM2.5 and higher dosage 9-NA (4.0 × 10-5 and 1.2 × 10-4 mg per kg body weight) significantly caused lung DNA damage, accompanied by increasing OGG1 expression while inhibiting MTH1 and XRCC1 expression, elevating the levels of GADD153, hemeoxygenase-1 and malondialdehyde, and promoting the activities of CYP450 isozymes and glutathione S-transferase. (2) 1.3 × 10-5 mg kg-1 9-NA exposure couldn't cause DNA damage and oxidative stress. (3) At the approximately equivalent dose level, PM2.5-induced DNA damage effects were more obvious than 9-NA with positive correlation. It suggests that DNA damage caused by PM2.5 and 9-NA may be mediated partially through influencing the DNA repair capacity and enhancing oxidative stress and biotransformation, and this negative effect of 9-NA might be related to the PM2.5-induced lung genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science , Shanxi University , Taiyuan , PR China . ; ; Tel: (+86)-351-7011011
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Science , Shanxi University , Taiyuan , PR China . ; ; Tel: (+86)-351-7011011
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Science , Shanxi University , Taiyuan , PR China . ; ; Tel: (+86)-351-7011011
| | - Minghui Chen
- Institute of Environmental Science , Shanxi University , Taiyuan , PR China . ; ; Tel: (+86)-351-7011011
| | - Jing Shi
- College of Environment and Resource , Shanxi University , Taiyuan , PR China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science , Shanxi University , Taiyuan , PR China . ; ; Tel: (+86)-351-7011011
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis , Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong SAR , China . ; ; Tel: (+852)-34117070
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Xu Y, Wu J, Peng X, Yang T, Liu M, Chen L, Dai X, Wang Z, Yang C, Yan B, Jiang Y. LncRNA LINC00341 mediates PM 2.5 -induced cell cycle arrest in human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2017; 276:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wong CM, Tsang H, Lai HK, Thomas GN, Lam KB, Chan KP, Zheng Q, Ayres JG, Lee SY, Lam TH, Thach TQ. Cancer Mortality Risks from Long-term Exposure to Ambient Fine Particle. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 25:839-45. [PMID: 27197138 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have assessed long-term effects of particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) on mortality for causes of cancer other than the lung; we assessed the effects on multiple causes. In Hong Kong, most people live and work in urban or suburban areas with high-rise buildings. This facilitates the estimation of PM2.5 exposure of individuals, taking into account the height of residence above ground level for assessment of the long-term health effects with sufficient statistical power. METHODS We recruited 66,820 persons who were ≥65 in 1998 to 2001 and followed up for mortality outcomes until 2011. Annual concentrations of PM at their residential addresses were estimated using PM2.5 concentrations measured at fixed-site monitors, horizontal-vertical locations, and satellite data. We used Cox regression model to assess the HR of mortality for cancer per 10 μg/m(3) increase of PM2.5 RESULTS: PM2.5 was associated with increased risk of mortality for all causes of cancer [HR, 1.22 (95% CI, 1.11-1.34)] and for specific cause of cancer in upper digestive tract [1.42 (1.06-1.89)], digestive accessory organs [1.35 (1.06-1.71)] in all subjects; breast [1.80 (1.26-2.55)] in females; and lung [1.36 (1.05-1.77)] in males. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposures to PM2.5 are associated with elevated risks of cancer in various organs. IMPACT This study is particularly timely in China, where compelling evidence is needed to support the pollution control policy to ameliorate the health damages associated with economic growth. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(5); 839-45. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chit Ming Wong
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hilda Tsang
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hak Kan Lai
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - G Neil Thomas
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Kin Bong Lam
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - King Pan Chan
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qishi Zheng
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jon G Ayres
- School of Health and Population Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Siu Yin Lee
- Department of Health, the Government of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tai Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Thuan Quoc Thach
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Abstract
Recently, many researchers paid more attentions to the association between air pollution and respiratory system disease. In the past few years, levels of smog have increased throughout China resulting in the deterioration of air quality, raising worldwide concerns. PM2.5 (particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter) can penetrate deeply into the lung, irritate and corrode the alveolar wall, and consequently impair lung function. Hence it is important to investigate the impact of PM2.5 on the respiratory system and then to help China combat the current air pollution problems. In this review, we will discuss PM2.5 damage on human respiratory system from epidemiological, experimental and mechanism studies. At last, we recommend to the population to limit exposure to air pollution and call to the authorities to create an index of pollution related to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fei Xing
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Yue-Hua Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Min-Hua Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Yi-Xin Lian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
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Major D, Derbes RS, Wang H, Roy-Engel AM. Effects of corexit oil dispersants and the WAF of dispersed oil on DNA damage and repair in cultured human bronchial airway cells, BEAS-2B. GENE REPORTS 2016; 3:22-30. [PMID: 27563691 DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Large quantities of dispersants were used as a method to disperse the roughly 210 million gallons of spilled crude oil that consumed the Gulf of Mexico. Little is known if the oil-dispersant and oil-dispersant mixtures on human airway BEAS-2B epithelial cells. Here we present the cytotoxic and genotoxic in vitro effects on the human lung cells BEAS-2B following exposure to and oil-dispersant mixtures on human airway BEAS-2B epithelial cells. Here we present the cytotoxic and genotoxic in vitro effects on the human lung cells BEAS-2B following exposure to Corexit dispersants EC9500 and EC9527, Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) -crude, WAF-9500 + Oil, and WAF-9527 + Oil. Cellular cytotoxicity to WAF-dispersed oil samples was observed at concentrations greater than 1000 ppm with over 70% of observed cellular death. At low concentration exposures (100 and 300 ppm) DNA damage was evidenced by the detection of single strand breaks (SSBs) and double strand breaks (DSBs) as measured by alkaline and neutral comet assay analyses. Immunoblot analyses of the phosphorylated histone H2A.X (ɣ-H2A.X) and tumor suppressor p53 protein confirmed activation of the DNA damage response due to the exposure-induced DNA breaks. Although, many xenobiotics interfere with DNA repair pathways, in vitro evaluation of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) and DSB repair pathways appear to be unaffected by the oil-dispersant mixtures tested. Overall, this study supports that oil-dispersant mixtures induce genotoxic effects in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Major
- Department of Global Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Rebecca S Derbes
- Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium (LCRC), Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - He Wang
- Department of Global Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium (LCRC), Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Astrid M Roy-Engel
- Tulane Cancer Center SL-66, Dept. of Epidemiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Xing YF, Xu YH, Shi MH, Lian YX. The impact of PM2.5 on the human respiratory system. J Thorac Dis 2016. [PMID: 26904255 DOI: 10.3978/j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, many researchers paid more attentions to the association between air pollution and respiratory system disease. In the past few years, levels of smog have increased throughout China resulting in the deterioration of air quality, raising worldwide concerns. PM2.5 (particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter) can penetrate deeply into the lung, irritate and corrode the alveolar wall, and consequently impair lung function. Hence it is important to investigate the impact of PM2.5 on the respiratory system and then to help China combat the current air pollution problems. In this review, we will discuss PM2.5 damage on human respiratory system from epidemiological, experimental and mechanism studies. At last, we recommend to the population to limit exposure to air pollution and call to the authorities to create an index of pollution related to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fei Xing
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Yue-Hua Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Min-Hua Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Yi-Xin Lian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
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45
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Challoner A, Pilla F, Gill L. Prediction of Indoor Air Exposure from Outdoor Air Quality Using an Artificial Neural Network Model for Inner City Commercial Buildings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:15233-53. [PMID: 26633448 PMCID: PMC4690911 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121214975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
NO₂ and particulate matter are the air pollutants of most concern in Ireland, with possible links to the higher respiratory and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity rates found in the country compared to the rest of Europe. Currently, air quality limits in Europe only cover outdoor environments yet the quality of indoor air is an essential determinant of a person's well-being, especially since the average person spends more than 90% of their time indoors. The modelling conducted in this research aims to provide a framework for epidemiological studies by the use of publically available data from fixed outdoor monitoring stations to predict indoor air quality more accurately. Predictions are made using two modelling techniques, the Personal-exposure Activity Location Model (PALM), to predict outdoor air quality at a particular building, and Artificial Neural Networks, to model the indoor/outdoor relationship of the building. This joint approach has been used to predict indoor air concentrations for three inner city commercial buildings in Dublin, where parallel indoor and outdoor diurnal monitoring had been carried out on site. This modelling methodology has been shown to provide reasonable predictions of average NO₂ indoor air quality compared to the monitored data, but did not perform well in the prediction of indoor PM2.5 concentrations. Hence, this approach could be used to determine NO₂ exposures more rigorously of those who work and/or live in the city centre, which can then be linked to potential health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avril Challoner
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Francesco Pilla
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Laurence Gill
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Yadav S, Praveen OD, Satsangi PG. The effect of climate and meteorological changes on particulate matter in Pune, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:402. [PMID: 26041065 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the distinctiveness of particulate matter (PM) mass concentrations (PM10, PM2.5, and PM10-2.5) and meteorological effect in Pune city during 2011-2012. The PM samples were collected using Mini-Vol TAS air sampler (Airmetrics Co. Inc., 5 l min(-1) flow rate). The meteorological parameters were also measured during the study period. The analysis of 24-h average PM10, PM2.5, and PM10-2.5 concentrations showed the maximum during winter (267.2-67.2, 180.6-55.6, 138.9-11.7 μg m(-3)) followed by summer (236.1-55.5, 138.8-27.7, 125-13.8 μg m(-3)) and post-monsoon (153.3-82.3, 138.9-41.7, 41.7-14.4 μg m(-3)) and showed the lowest concentration during monsoon (98.9-27.8, 83.3-13.9, 40.0-6.0 μg m(-3)) seasons in the entire study. PM10 comprised a vast fraction of PM2.5 (61% of PM2.5), while the estimated PM2.5/PM10 ratios for monsoon, post-monsoon, winter, and summer seasons were ranged between 0.5 and 0.9, 0.51 and 0.91, 0.3 and 0.9, and 0.3 and 0.8, respectively. The 7-day back trajectories analysis for whole year shows that the air masses transported to Pune were mixed mainland-maritime such as from southwesterly, north, northwest. Chemometric analysis was applied as a tool to evaluate and predict the particulate mass concentration from available meteorological data. To achieve this, a calibration model was developed by partial least squares regression (PLSR) method and was further used to predict the PM concentrations based on meteorological data. On predicting the PM concentration from local meteorological data, the model performance and quality was found very good in case of PM10 compared to PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India
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47
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Ohyama M, Tachi H, Minejima C, Kameda T. Comparing the role of silica particle size with mineral fiber geometry in the release of superoxide from rat alveolar macrophages. J Toxicol Sci 2015; 39:551-9. [PMID: 25056780 DOI: 10.2131/jts.39.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Particulate air pollutants and mineral fibers activate inflammatory cells to release oxidants, which contribute to inflammation and injury in the lower respiratory tract. Our aim was to compare the role of silica particle size with mineral fiber length and width in the ability to induce superoxide release from rat alveolar macrophages. We estimated the ability of four types of silica particle samples, with different mode diameter, and three types of mineral fiber samples, with different geometric mean lengths and widths, to induce lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) from the cells per number of dust particles (i.e., silica particles and mineral fibers). A close positive correlation was observed between dust size and the ability to induce CL in silica as well as mineral fiber samples. Moreover, the ability of silica samples to induce CL was weaker than that of long mineral fiber sample. This ability increased at a larger rate in small silica particle and thin mineral fiber samples than in large silica particle and thick mineral fiber samples at the initial stage of administration. These results suggest that the kinetics of the induction superoxide release from macrophages is similar between silica particles and mineral fibers; moreover, this depends on silica particle size and mineral fiber geometry. Finally, large silica particles were more active than small ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Ohyama
- Department of Environmental Health, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health
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48
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Liu T, Wu B, Wang Y, He H, Lin Z, Tan J, Yang L, Kamp DW, Zhou X, Tang J, Huang H, Zhang L, Bin L, Liu G. Particulate matter 2.5 induces autophagy via inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin kinase signaling pathway in human bronchial epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1914-22. [PMID: 25845384 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is a significant risk factor for asthma. A recent study revealed that autophagy was associated with asthma pathogenesis. However, the specific mechanisms underlying PM2.5-induced autophagy in asthma have remained elusive. In the present study, PM2.5-induced autophagy was evaluated in Beas-2B human bronchial epithelial cells and the potential molecular mechanisms were investigated. Using electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining and immunoblot studies, it was confirmed that PM2.5 induced autophagy in Beas-2B cells as a result of PM2.5-mediated inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in Beas-2B cells. LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, reduced the accumulation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II and attenuated the effect of PM2.5. Phosphorylated (p-)p38, p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase were dephosphorylated following exposure to PM2.5. The roles of p53, reactive oxygen species scavenger tetramethylthiourea and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine in PM2.5-induced autophagy in Beas-2B cells were also investigated. The results suggested that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway may be a key contributor to PM2.5-induced autophagy in Beas-2B cells. The results of the present study therefore provided an a insight into potential future clinical applications targeting these signaling pathways, for the prevention and/or treatment of PM2.5-induced lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Yahong Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan He
- Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Ziying Lin
- Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Tan
- Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Lawei Yang
- Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - David W Kamp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xu Zhou
- Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Tang
- Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Haili Huang
- Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Liangqing Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Tumor Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Liu Bin
- Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
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Traversi D, Cervella P, Gilli G. Evaluating the genotoxicity of urban PM2.5 using PCR-based methods in human lung cells and the Salmonella TA98 reverse test. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:1279-1289. [PMID: 25138555 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A number of compounds found in particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 (PM2.5) can interact with DNA either directly or after enzymatic transformation to induce DNA modifications. These particulate matter (PM)-induced alterations in DNA may be associated with increased frequencies of pollution-associated diseases, such as lung cancer. In the present study, we applied different methods to assess the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of monthly PM2.5 organic extracts collected over a full year. We used the Salmonella assay, exposed cultured human embryonic lung fibroblasts and applied extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and 2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide inner salt (XTT) assays to assess the cytotoxicity of PM2.5 on the cells. We assessed both the expression levels of a number of DNA repair genes (using qRT-qPCR) and the genetic profile of the treated cells compared to the control. The expression levels of XRCC1 and APE1, which are involved in the first steps of base excision repair, as well as ERCC1, XPA and XPF, which encode nucleotide excision repair subunits, were analysed. The monthly mean of the PM2.5 collected was 35.16 ± 22.06 μg/m(3). The mutagenicity of PM2.5 to TA98 was 46 ± 50 net revertants/m(3), while the mutagenicity to TA98 + S9 was 17 ± 19 net revertants/m(3). The mean IC50 values were 2.741 ± 1.414 and 3.219 ± 2.764 m(3) of equivalent air in the XTT and LDH assays, respectively. A marked and significant increase in APE1 expression levels was observed in the exposed cells. This effect was also significantly correlated with mutagenicity (p < 0.01). No induced AFLP fragment profile alterations were detected. The proposed approach seems to be useful for integrated evaluation and for highlighting the mechanisms inducing DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Traversi
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Torino, Italy,
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Chiou YH, Wong RH, Chao MR, Chen CY, Liou SH, Lee H. Nickel accumulation in lung tissues is associated with increased risk of p53 mutation in lung cancer patients. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2014; 55:624-632. [PMID: 24711049 DOI: 10.1002/em.21867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to nickel compounds has been associated with lung cancer. The correlation between high nickel levels and increased risk of lung cancer has been previously reported in a case-control study. This study assessed whether nickel exposure increased the occurrence of p53 mutations due to DNA repair inhibition by nickel. A total of 189 lung cancer patients were enrolled to determine nickel levels in tumor-adjacent normal lung tissues and p53 mutation status in lung tumors through atomic absorption spectrometry and direct sequencing, respectively. Nickel levels in p53 mutant patients were significantly higher than those in p53 wild-type patients. When patients were divided into high- and low-nickel subgroups by median nickel level, the high-nickel subgroup of patients had an odds ratio (OR) of 3.25 for p53 mutation risk relative to the low-nickel subgroup patients. The OR for p53 mutation risk of lifetime non-smokers, particularly females, in the high-nickel subgroup was greater than that in the low-nickel subgroup. To determine whether nickel affected DNA repair capacity, we conducted the host cell reactivation assay in A549 and H1975 lung cancer cells and showed that the DNA repair activity was reduced by nickel chloride in a dose-dependent manner. This was associated with elevated production of hydrogen peroxide-induced 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine. Therefore, increased risk of p53 mutation due to defective DNA repair caused by high nickel levels in lung tissues may be one mechanism by which nickel exposure contributes to lung cancer development, especially in lifetime female non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hu Chiou
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Toxicology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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