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El Feil NS, Elmahdy HS, Elmahdy RA, Aboelezz AAE, Dawoud HS, Al-Beltagi M. Brain metabolic profile assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in children with Down syndrome: Relation to intelligence quotient. World J Clin Pediatr 2023; 12:310-318. [PMID: 38178937 PMCID: PMC10762600 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common causes of intellectual disability. Children with DS have varying intelligence quotient (IQ) that can predict their learning abilities. AIM To assess the brain metabolic profiles of children with DS and compare them to standard controls, using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and correlating the results with IQ. METHODS This case-control study included 40 children with DS aged 6-15 years and 40 age and sex-matched healthy children as controls. MRS was used to evaluate ratios of choline/creatine (Cho/Cr), N-acetyl aspartic acid/creatine (NAA/Cr), and myoinositol/creatine (MI/Cr (in the frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes and basal ganglia and compared to controls and correlated with IQ. RESULTS Children with DS showed significant reductions in NAA/Cr and MI/Cr and a non-significant reduction in Cho/Cr in frontal lobes compared to controls. Additionally, we observed significant decreases in NAA/Cr, MI/Cr, and Cho/Cr in the temporal and occipital lobes and basal ganglia in children with DS compared to controls. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between IQ and metabolic ratios in the brains of children with DS. CONCLUSION Brain metabolic profile could be a good predictor of IQ in children with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesreen Safwat El Feil
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Al Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Heba S Elmahdy
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Al Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Rasha Ahmed Elmahdy
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Manama, Bahrain
| | | | - Heba S Dawoud
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Al Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Al Gharbia, Egypt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Manama, Bahrain
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De Stefano FA, Morell AA, Smith G, Warner T, Soldozy S, Elarjani T, Eichberg DG, Luther E, Komotar RJ. Unique magnetic resonance spectroscopy profile of intracranial meningiomas compared to gliomas: a systematic review. Acta Neurol Belg 2023; 123:2077-2084. [PMID: 36595196 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-02169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The goal of this study was to systematically review the metabolic profile of meningiomas using magnetic resonance spectroscopy in comparison to gliomas, as measured by mean metabolite ratios. METHODS Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature review was performed using the PubMed, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane databases from inception to May 2021. Studies were selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS Eight studies were ultimately selected with 207 patients included. Fifty-nine patients were diagnosed with meningioma (age = 48.4, 66.7% female) and 148 patients diagnosed with glioma (age = 56.4, 49.2% female). Three studies reported elevated Cho/Cr in meningiomas compared to gliomas (5.71 vs. 1.46, p < 0.05, 7.02 vs. 2.62, p < 0.05, and 4.64 vs. 2.52, p = 0.001). One study reported Ala/Cr to be significantly elevated in meningiomas compared to gliomas (1.30 vs. undetectable, p < 0.001). One study reported myo-Inositol/Cr to be significantly elevated in meningiomas in comparison to gliomas (1.44 vs. 1.08, p < 0.05). One study reported Glu/Cr to be significantly elevated in meningiomas in comparison to gliomas (3.47 vs. 0.89, p = 0.002). Two studies reported Cho/NAA to be significantly elevated in meningiomas in comparison to gliomas (4.46 vs. 2.6, p = 0.004, and 5.8 vs. 2.55, p < 0.05). Two studies reported NAA/Cr was significantly elevated in gliomas compared to meningiomas (undetectable vs. 1.54, p < 0.001 and undetectable vs. 0.58, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Significant differences in metabolite ratios between tumor types were reported in Cho/Cr, Ala/Cr, Glu/Cr, Cho/NAA, myoI/Cr and NAA/Cr between meningiomas and gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A De Stefano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd # MS 3021, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Alexis A Morell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Grace Smith
- School of Medicine, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tyler Warner
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sauson Soldozy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Turki Elarjani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel G Eichberg
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Evan Luther
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ricardo J Komotar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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3
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Campion A, Iv M. Brain Tumor Imaging: Review of Conventional and Advanced Techniques. Semin Neurol 2023; 43:867-888. [PMID: 37963581 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Approaches to central nervous system (CNS) tumor classification and evaluation have undergone multiple iterations over the past few decades, in large part due to our growing understanding of the influence of genetics on tumor behavior and our refinement of brain tumor imaging techniques. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) both play a critical role in the diagnosis and monitoring of brain tumors, although MRI has become especially important due to its superior soft tissue resolution. The purpose of this article will be to briefly review the fundamentals of conventional and advanced techniques used in brain tumor imaging. We will also highlight the applications of these imaging tools in the context of commonly encountered tumors based on the most recently updated 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumors framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Campion
- Department of Radiology (Neuroradiology), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Michael Iv
- Department of Radiology (Neuroradiology), Stanford University, Stanford, California
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4
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Shin SS, Chawla S, Jang DH, Mazandi VM, Weeks MK, Kilbaugh TJ. Imaging of White Matter Injury Correlates with Plasma and Tissue Biomarkers in Pediatric Porcine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:74-85. [PMID: 35876453 PMCID: PMC9917326 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes significant white matter injury, which has been characterized by various rodent and human clinical studies. The exact time course of imaging changes in a pediatric brain after TBI and its relation to biomarkers of injury and cellular function, however, is unknown. To study the changes in major white matter structures using a valid model of TBI that is comparable to a human pediatric brain in terms of size and anatomical features, we utilized a four-week-old pediatric porcine model of injury with controlled cortical impact (CCI). Using diffusion tensor imaging differential tractography, we show progressive anisotropy changes at major white matter tracts such as the corona radiata and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus between day 1 and day 30 after injury. Moreover, correlational tractography shows a large part of bilateral corona radiata having positive correlation with the markers of cellular respiration. In contrast, bilateral corona radiata has a negative correlation with the plasma biomarkers of injury such as neurofilament light or glial fibrillary acidic protein. These are expected correlational findings given that higher integrity of white matter would be expected to correlate with lower injury biomarkers. We then studied the magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings and report decrease in a N-acetylaspartate/creatinine (NAA/Cr) ratio at the pericontusional cortex, subcortical white matter, corona radiata, thalamus, genu, and splenium of corpus callosum at 30 days indicating injury. There was also an increase in choline/creatinine ratio in these regions indicating rapid membrane turnover. Given the need for a pediatric TBI model that is comparable to human pediatric TBI, these data support the use of a pediatric pig model with CCI in future investigations of therapeutic agents. This model will allow future TBI researchers to rapidly translate our pre-clinical study findings into clinical trials for pediatric TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Shin
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sanjeev Chawla
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David H. Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vanessa M. Mazandi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M. Katie Weeks
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Todd J. Kilbaugh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Abdelgawad MS, Kayed MH, Reda MIS, Abdelzaher E, Farhoud AH, Elsebaie N. Contribution of advanced neuro-imaging (MR diffusion, perfusion and proton spectroscopy) in differentiation between low grade gliomas GII and MR morphologically similar non neoplastic lesions. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43055-022-00695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Non-neoplastic brain lesions can be misdiagnosed as low-grade gliomas. Conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may be non-specific. Additional imaging modalities such as spectroscopy (MRS), perfusion and diffusion imaging aid in diagnosis of such lesions. However, contradictory and overlapping results are still present. Hence, our purpose was to evaluate the role of advanced neuro-imaging in differentiation between low-grade gliomas (WHO grade II) and MR morphologically similar non-neoplastic lesions and to prove which modality has the most accurate results in differentiation.
Results
All patients were classified into two main groups: patients with low-grade glioma (n = 12; mean age, 38.8 ± 16; 8 males) and patients with non-neoplastic lesions (n = 27; mean age, 36.6 ± 15; 19 males) based on the histopathological and clinical–radiological diagnosis. Using ROC curve analysis, a threshold value of 0.93 for rCBV (AUC = 0.875, PPV = 92%, NPV = 71.4%) and a threshold value of 2.5 for Cho/NAA (AUC = 0.829, PPV = 92%, NPV = 71.4%) had 85.2% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity for predicting neoplastic lesions. The area under the curve (AUC) of ROC analysis was good for relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and Cho/NAA ratios (> 0.80) and fair for Cho/Cr and NAA/Cr ratios (0.70–0.80). When the rCBV measurements were combined with MRS ratios, significant improvement was observed in the area under the curve (AUC) (0.969) with improved diagnostic accuracy (89.7%) and sensitivity (88.9%).
Conclusions
Evaluation of rCBV and metabolite ratios at MRS, particularly Cho/NAA ratio, may be helpful in differentiating low-grade gliomas from non-neoplastic lesions. The combination of dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion and MRS can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy and can help avoiding the need for an invasive biopsy.
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Li AY, Iv M. Conventional and Advanced Imaging Techniques in Post-treatment Glioma Imaging. FRONTIERS IN RADIOLOGY 2022; 2:883293. [PMID: 37492665 PMCID: PMC10365131 DOI: 10.3389/fradi.2022.883293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of advancement in the diagnosis and therapy of gliomas, the most malignant primary brain tumors, the overall survival rate is still dismal, and their post-treatment imaging appearance remains very challenging to interpret. Since the limitations of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the distinction between recurrence and treatment effect have been recognized, a variety of advanced MR and functional imaging techniques including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), MR spectroscopy (MRS), as well as a variety of radiotracers for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) have been investigated for this indication along with voxel-based and more quantitative analytical methods in recent years. Machine learning and radiomics approaches in recent years have shown promise in distinguishing between recurrence and treatment effect as well as improving prognostication in a malignancy with a very short life expectancy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the conventional and advanced imaging techniques with the potential to differentiate recurrence from treatment effect and includes updates in the state-of-the-art in advanced imaging with a brief overview of emerging experimental techniques. A series of representative cases are provided to illustrate the synthesis of conventional and advanced imaging with the clinical context which informs the radiologic evaluation of gliomas in the post-treatment setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Y. Li
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michael Iv
- Division of Neuroimaging and Neurointervention, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Chawla S, Asadollahi S, Gupta PK, Nath K, Brem S, Mohan S. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in a case of neurocysticercosis from North America. Neuroradiol J 2022; 35:119-125. [PMID: 34167362 PMCID: PMC8826293 DOI: 10.1177/19714009211026889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a parasitic infection caused by Cysticercus cellulosae, the metacestode of pork tapeworm (Taenia solium). NCC is one of the most common public health problems worldwide. We present a patient harboring a bilobed ring-enhancing lesion with a presumed diagnosis of brain metastasis, who returned to the USA after traveling to an endemic region. The diagnosis of NCC was established based on a characteristic resonance of succinate on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Also, higher mean diffusivity and lower fractional anisotropy along with relative cerebral blood volume were observed from the lesion compared to contralateral normal brain regions. Multiparametric analysis may improve the differential diagnosis of ring-enhancing intracranial lesions such as NCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Chawla
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of
Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA,Sanjeev Chawla, Department of Radiology, Division
of Neuroradiology, 219 Dulles Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Perelman School of Medicine at
the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Shadi Asadollahi
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of
Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pradeep Kumar Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of
Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kavindra Nath
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of
Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School
of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suyash Mohan
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of
Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA
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8
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Advanced Imaging and Computational Techniques for the Diagnostic and Prognostic Assessment of Malignant Gliomas. Cancer J 2021; 27:344-352. [PMID: 34570448 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Advanced imaging techniques provide a powerful tool to assess the intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity of gliomas. Advances in the molecular understanding of glioma subgroups may allow improved diagnostic assessment combining imaging and molecular tumor features, with enhanced prognostic utility and implications for patient treatment. In this article, a comprehensive overview of the physiologic basis for conventional and advanced imaging techniques is presented, and clinical applications before and after treatment are discussed. An introduction to the principles of radiomics and the advanced integration of imaging, clinical outcomes, and genomic data highlights the future potential for this field of research to better stratify and select patients for standard as well as investigational therapies.
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Zhang Y, Liang K, He J, Ma H, Chen H, Zheng F, Zhang L, Wang X, Ma X, Chen X. Deep Learning With Data Enhancement for the Differentiation of Solitary and Multiple Cerebral Glioblastoma, Lymphoma, and Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesion. Front Oncol 2021; 11:665891. [PMID: 34490082 PMCID: PMC8416477 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.665891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the MRI-based differential diagnosis of deep learning with data enhancement for cerebral glioblastoma (GBM), primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), and tumefactive demyelinating lesion (TDL). Materials and Methods This retrospective study analyzed the MRI data of 261 patients with pathologically diagnosed solitary and multiple cerebral GBM (n = 97), PCNSL (n = 92), and TDL (n = 72). The 3D segmentation model was trained to capture the lesion. Different enhancement data were generated by changing the pixel ratio of the lesion and non-lesion areas. The 3D classification network was trained by using the enhancement data. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the value of different enhancement data on the discrimination performance. These results were then compared with the neuroradiologists’ diagnoses. Results The diagnostic performance fluctuated with the ratio of lesion to non-lesion area changed. The diagnostic performance was best when the ratio was 1.5. The AUCs of GBM, PCNSL, and TDL were 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.000–1.000), 0.96 (95% CI: 0.923–1.000), and 0.954 (95% CI: 0.904–1.000), respectively. Conclusions Deep learning with data enhancement is useful for the accurate identification of GBM, PCNSL, and TDL, and its diagnostic performance is better than that of the neuroradiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,CBSR&NLPR, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kewei Liang
- CBSR&NLPR, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaqi He
- CBSR&NLPR, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Dalian Medical University, School of Stomatology, Dalian, China
| | - He Ma
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinsheng Wang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, China
| | - Xibo Ma
- CBSR&NLPR, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuzhu Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Polvoy I, Qin H, Flavell RR, Gordon J, Viswanath P, Sriram R, Ohliger MA, Wilson DM. Deuterium Metabolic Imaging-Rediscovery of a Spectroscopic Tool. Metabolites 2021; 11:570. [PMID: 34564385 PMCID: PMC8470013 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing demand for metabolism-specific imaging techniques has rekindled interest in Deuterium (2H) Metabolic Imaging (DMI), a robust method based on administration of a substrate (glucose, acetate, fumarate, etc.) labeled with the stable isotope of hydrogen and the observation of its metabolic fate in three-dimensions. This technique allows the investigation of multiple metabolic processes in both healthy and diseased states. Despite its low natural abundance, the short relaxation time of deuterium allows for rapid radiofrequency (RF) pulses without saturation and efficient image acquisition. In this review, we provide a comprehensive picture of the evolution of DMI over the course of recent decades, with a special focus on its potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Polvoy
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Hecong Qin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Jeremy Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Michael A. Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Radiology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Ko CC, Yeh LR, Kuo YT, Chen JH. Imaging biomarkers for evaluating tumor response: RECIST and beyond. Biomark Res 2021; 9:52. [PMID: 34215324 PMCID: PMC8252278 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) is the gold standard for assessment of treatment response in solid tumors. Morphologic change of tumor size evaluated by RECIST is often correlated with survival length and has been considered as a surrogate endpoint of therapeutic efficacy. However, the detection of morphologic change alone may not be sufficient for assessing response to new anti-cancer medication in all solid tumors. During the past fifteen years, several molecular-targeted therapies and immunotherapies have emerged in cancer treatment which work by disrupting signaling pathways and inhibited cell growth. Tumor necrosis or lack of tumor progression is associated with a good therapeutic response even in the absence of tumor shrinkage. Therefore, the use of unmodified RECIST criteria to estimate morphological changes of tumor alone may not be sufficient to estimate tumor response for these new anti-cancer drugs. Several studies have reported the low reliability of RECIST in evaluating treatment response in different tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, prostate cancer, brain glioma, bone metastasis, and lymphoma. There is an increased need for new medical imaging biomarkers, considering the changes in tumor viability, metabolic activity, and attenuation, which are related to early tumor response. Promising imaging techniques, beyond RECIST, include dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion-weight imaging (DWI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). This review outlines the current RECIST with their limitations and the new emerging concepts of imaging biomarkers in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chung Ko
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ren Yeh
- Department of Radiology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Kuo
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jeon-Hor Chen
- Department of Radiology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Tu & Yuan Center for Functional Onco-Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, 164 Irvine Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697 - 5020, USA.
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Neuroimaging in the Era of the Evolving WHO Classification of Brain Tumors, From the AJR Special Series on Cancer Staging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2021; 217:3-15. [PMID: 33502214 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.20.25246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of molecular and genetic information with histopathologic information defines the framework for brain tumor classification and grading. This framework is reflected in the major restructuring of the WHO brain tumor classification system in 2016 and in numerous subsequent proposed updates reflecting ongoing developments in understanding the impact of tumor genotype on classification and grading. This incorporation of molecular and genetic features improves tumor diagnosis and prediction of tumor behavior and response to treatment. Neuroimaging is essential for the noninvasive assessment of pretreatment tumor grading and for identification and determination of therapeutic efficacy. Use of conventional neuroimaging and physiologic imaging techniques, such as diffusion- and perfusion-weighted MRI, can increase diagnostic confidence before and after treatment. Although the use of neuroimaging to consistently determine tumor genetics is not yet robust, promising developments are on the horizon. Given the complexity of the brain tumor microenvironment, the development and implementation of a standardized reporting system can aid in conveying to radiologists, referring providers, and patients important information about brain tumor response to treatment. The purpose of this article is to review the current state and role of neuroimaging in this continuously evolving field.
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Weinberg BD, Kuruva M, Shim H, Mullins ME. Clinical Applications of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Brain Tumors: From Diagnosis to Treatment. Radiol Clin North Am 2021; 59:349-362. [PMID: 33926682 PMCID: PMC8272438 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a valuable tool for imaging brain tumors, primarily as an adjunct to conventional imaging and clinical presentation. MRS is useful in initial diagnosis of brain tumors, helping differentiate tumors from possible mimics such as metastatic disease, lymphoma, demyelination, and infection, as well as in the subsequent follow-up of patients after resection and chemoradiation. Unfortunately, the spectroscopic appearance of many pathologies can overlap, and ultimately follow-up or biopsy may be required to make a definitive diagnosis. Future developments may continue to increase the value of MRS for initial diagnosis, treatment planning, and early detection of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent D Weinberg
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road Northeast BG20, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Manohar Kuruva
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road Northeast BG20, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hyunsuk Shim
- Radiation Oncology, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mark E Mullins
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road Northeast BG20, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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14
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Paoletti M, Muzic SI, Marchetti F, Farina LM, Bastianello S, Pichiecchio A. Differential imaging of atypical demyelinating lesions of the central nervous system. Radiol Med 2021; 126:827-842. [PMID: 33486703 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-021-01334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The detection of atypical and sometimes aggressive or tumefactive demyelinating lesions of the central nervous system often poses difficulties in the differential diagnosis. The clinical presentation is generally aspecific, related to the location and similar to a number of different lesions, including neoplasms and other intracranial lesions with mass effect. CSF analysis may also be inconclusive, especially for lesions presenting as a single mass at onset. As a consequence, a brain biopsy is frequently performed for characterization. Advanced MRI imaging plays an important role in directing the diagnosis, reducing the rate of unnecessary biopsies and allowing a prompt start of therapy that is often crucial, especially in the case of infratentorial lesions. In this review, the main pattern of presentation of atypical inflammatory demyelinating diseases is discussed, with particular attention on the differential diagnosis and how to adequately define the correct etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Paoletti
- Advanced Imaging and Radiomics Center, Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, PV, Italy.
| | | | | | - Lisa Maria Farina
- Advanced Imaging and Radiomics Center, Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, PV, Italy
| | - Stefano Bastianello
- Advanced Imaging and Radiomics Center, Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, PV, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Pichiecchio
- Advanced Imaging and Radiomics Center, Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, PV, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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15
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Erchinger VJ, Ersland L, Aukland SM, Abbott CC, Oltedal L. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Depressed Subjects Treated With Electroconvulsive Therapy-A Systematic Review of Literature. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:608857. [PMID: 33841198 PMCID: PMC8027236 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.608857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is considered to be the most effective acute treatment for otherwise treatment resistant major depressive episodes, and has been used for over 80 years. Still, the underlying mechanism of action is largely unknow. Several studies suggest that ECT affects the cerebral neurotransmitters, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allows investigators to study neurotransmitters in vivo, and has been used to study neurochemical changes in the brain of patients treated with ECT. Several investigations have been performed on ECT-patients; however, no systematic review has yet summarized these findings. A systematic literature search based on the Prisma guidelines was performed. PubMed (Medline) was used in order to find investigations studying patients that had been treated with ECT and had undergone an MRS examination. A search in the databases Embase, PsycInfo, and Web of Science was also performed, leading to no additional records. A total of 30 records were identified and screened which resulted in 16 original investigations for review. The total number of patients that was included in these studies, ignoring potential overlap of samples in some investigations, was 325. The metabolites reported were N-acetyl aspartate, Choline, Myoinositol, Glutamate and Glutamine, GABA and Creatine. The strongest evidence for neurochemical change related to ECT, was found for N-acetyl aspartate (reduction), which is a marker of neuronal integrity. Increased choline and glutamate following treatment was also commonly reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Ersland
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Christopher C Abbott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Leif Oltedal
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Radiology, Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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16
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El Dirani A, Hachem Z, Mohanna A, Zaylaa AJ. Traditional and Advanced Neuroimaging Contributions to the Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Lymphoma Patients Visiting a Comprehensive Medical Center. Open Neuroimag J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874440002013010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:
The diagnosis of Central Nervous System Lymphoma, especially the Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma is carried out based on brain imaging, thus avoiding an unnecessary extend of surgery. But the traditional imaging techniques, such as Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, were not satisfactory.
Aims:
This study was conducted to characterize the spectrum of advanced Neuroimaging, such as the advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging features in the Central Nervous System Lymphoma patients in a comprehensive medical center in Lebanon, and compare them to what has been described in the literature review.
Methods:
It is a retrospective exploratory study of the clinical data and imaging features for patients admitted to the emergency and radiology departments with ages above 10 years, and who were diagnosed histopathologically with intracranial lymphoma. This study may be the first to make a Radiological evaluation of Central Nervous System Lymphoma on the local population of patients over 9 years .
Results:
Results showed that the study of the Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging data of 10 immunocompetent patients with Central Nervous System Lymphoma concurs with the previously described patient populations, except for the gender parameter. Tumors were mostly presented in the fifth or Sixth decade and they could be solitary or multi-focal. Lesions were typically located Preprint submitted to The Open Neuroimaging Journal May 14, 2020 in the supratentorial compartment. On the brain Computed Tomography, the lesions were hyperdense, and in pre-contrast Magnetic Resonance images, the lesions appeared hypointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2-Weighted images, but hypointense with respect to the grey matter. The lesions were also surrounded with a mild to moderate edema as compared to other intracranial neoplasms, such as glioblastomas. Evaluation results showed that on post-contrast Magnetic Resonance images, the majority of lesions exhibited a homogeneous enhancement of 50%. Majority of the lesions also showed a less common heterogeneous ring-like enhancement of 40%, and revealed the uncommon absence of enhancement of 10%. Calcifications, hemorrhage, and necrosis were rare findings and were present in only one patient.
Conclusion:
As a future prospect, studying whether the advanced imaging techniques may provide not only non-invasive and morphological characteristics but also non-invasive biological characteristics and thus accurate diagnosis could be considered.
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17
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Differentiation between neoplastic and nonneoplastic brain masses using intermediate echo time MR Spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.607221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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18
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Chen T, Jiang B, Zheng Y, She D, Zhang H, Xing Z, Cao D. Differentiating intracranial solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma from meningioma using diffusion-weighted imaging and susceptibility-weighted imaging. Neuroradiology 2019; 62:175-184. [DOI: 10.1007/s00234-019-02307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Diffuse white matter alteration in CLIPPERS: Advanced MRI findings from two cases. J Neurol Sci 2019; 402:40-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Chawla S, Lee SC, Mohan S, Wang S, Nasrallah M, Vossough A, Krejza J, Melhem ER, Nabavizadeh SA. Lack of choline elevation on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in grade I-III gliomas. Neuroradiol J 2019; 32:250-258. [PMID: 31050313 DOI: 10.1177/1971400919846509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of choline are generally emphasized as marker of increased cellularity and cell membrane turnover in gliomas. In this study, we investigated the incidence rate of lack of choline/creatine and choline/water elevation in a population of grade I-III gliomas. A cohort of 41 patients with histopathologically confirmed gliomas underwent multi-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy on a 3 T magnetic resonance system prior to treatment. Peak areas for choline and myoinositol were measured from all voxels that exhibited hyperintensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images and were normalized to creatine and unsuppressed water from each voxel. The average metabolite/creatine and metabolite/water ratios from these voxels were then computed. Similarly, average metabolite ratios were computed from normal brain parenchyma. Gliomas were considered for lack of choline elevation when choline/creatine and choline/water ratios from neoplastic regions were less than those from normal brain parenchyma regions. Six of 41 (14.6%) grade I-III gliomas showed lack of elevation for choline/creatine and choline/water ratios compared to normal brain parenchyma. Four of these six gliomas also demonstrated elevated levels of myoinositol/creatine ratio. All other gliomas (n = 35) had elevated choline levels from neoplastic regions relative to normal parenchyma. The sensitivity of choline/creatine or choline/water in determining a grade I-III glioma was 85.4%. These findings suggest that a lack of choline/creatine or choline/water elevation may be seen in some gliomas and low choline levels should not prevent us from considering the possibility of a grade I-III glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Chawla
- 1 Departments of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Seung-Cheol Lee
- 1 Departments of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suyash Mohan
- 1 Departments of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sumei Wang
- 1 Departments of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - MacLean Nasrallah
- 2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arastoo Vossough
- 1 Departments of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA.,3 Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Krejza
- 1 Departments of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA.,4 Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Elias R Melhem
- 1 Departments of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA.,4 Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - S Ali Nabavizadeh
- 1 Departments of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA
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21
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Ladd ME, Bachert P, Meyerspeer M, Moser E, Nagel AM, Norris DG, Schmitter S, Speck O, Straub S, Zaiss M. Pros and cons of ultra-high-field MRI/MRS for human application. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 109:1-50. [PMID: 30527132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopic techniques are widely used in humans both for clinical diagnostic applications and in basic research areas such as cognitive neuroimaging. In recent years, new human MR systems have become available operating at static magnetic fields of 7 T or higher (≥300 MHz proton frequency). Imaging human-sized objects at such high frequencies presents several challenges including non-uniform radiofrequency fields, enhanced susceptibility artifacts, and higher radiofrequency energy deposition in the tissue. On the other side of the scale are gains in signal-to-noise or contrast-to-noise ratio that allow finer structures to be visualized and smaller physiological effects to be detected. This review presents an overview of some of the latest methodological developments in human ultra-high field MRI/MRS as well as associated clinical and scientific applications. Emphasis is given to techniques that particularly benefit from the changing physical characteristics at high magnetic fields, including susceptibility-weighted imaging and phase-contrast techniques, imaging with X-nuclei, MR spectroscopy, CEST imaging, as well as functional MRI. In addition, more general methodological developments such as parallel transmission and motion correction will be discussed that are required to leverage the full potential of higher magnetic fields, and an overview of relevant physiological considerations of human high magnetic field exposure is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Ladd
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Peter Bachert
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Martin Meyerspeer
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ewald Moser
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - David G Norris
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Schmitter
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany.
| | - Oliver Speck
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Sina Straub
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
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22
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Vogrig A, Joubert B, Ducray F, Thomas L, Izquierdo C, Decaestecker K, Martinaud O, Gerardin E, Grand S, Honnorat J. Glioblastoma as differential diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. J Neurol 2018; 265:669-677. [PMID: 29383516 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the clinical and radiological features that should raise suspicion for the autoimmune encephalitis (AE)-like presentation of glioblastoma. METHODS This is an observational, retrospective case series of patients referred to the French National Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Diseases for suspected AE (possible, probable or definite, using the 2016 criteria) who later received a final diagnosis of glioblastoma according to 2016 WHO criteria. An extensive literature search was also conducted for similar existing cases. RESULTS Between 2014 and 2016, 306 patients were referred to our center for suspected AE. Six of these patients (2%) later developed pathologically confirmed glioblastoma. Thirteen patients (9 male) were included for analysis (6 from the present series and 7 from the literature); median age was 63. Initially, a diagnosis of AE was clinically suspected based on: working memory deficits (77%), seizures (62%) (including status epilepticus in 23%), and psychiatric symptoms (46%). Initial brain MRI was not in favor of a typical glioblastoma pattern and showed bilateral (54%) or unilateral selective limbic involvement. Five patients exhibited initial slight contrast enhancement. A clear inflammatory CSF was present in five patients and three from the literature showed autoantibody positivity (NMDAR, VGKC, GluRepsilon2). Median delay between suspicions of AE to GBM diagnosis was 3 months (range 1.5-24) and one patient from the literature was diagnosed post-mortem. CONCLUSIONS An alternative diagnosis of glioblastoma should be considered in patients presenting initially as AE, especially in patients who do not fulfill the criteria for definite AE and in those with a poor clinical evolution despite initial improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Vogrig
- Department of Neurosciences, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy
- French Reference Center of Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France
- Synatac Team, NeuroMyoGene Institut, INSERM U1217/CNRS, UMR5310, Lyon, France
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Bastien Joubert
- French Reference Center of Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France
- Synatac Team, NeuroMyoGene Institut, INSERM U1217/CNRS, UMR5310, Lyon, France
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Francois Ducray
- French Reference Center of Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France
- Synatac Team, NeuroMyoGene Institut, INSERM U1217/CNRS, UMR5310, Lyon, France
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Thomas
- French Reference Center of Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France
- Synatac Team, NeuroMyoGene Institut, INSERM U1217/CNRS, UMR5310, Lyon, France
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Cristina Izquierdo
- French Reference Center of Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France
- Synatac Team, NeuroMyoGene Institut, INSERM U1217/CNRS, UMR5310, Lyon, France
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | - Olivier Martinaud
- Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France
| | - Emmanuel Gerardin
- Department of Neuroradiology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Sylvie Grand
- Department of Neuroradiology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Jérome Honnorat
- French Reference Center of Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France.
- Synatac Team, NeuroMyoGene Institut, INSERM U1217/CNRS, UMR5310, Lyon, France.
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
- Centre de Référence National pour les Syndromes Neurologiques Paranéoplasique, Hôpital Neurologique, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69677, Bron Cedex, France.
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23
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Iv M, Yoon BC, Heit JJ, Fischbein N, Wintermark M. Current Clinical State of Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Brain Tumor Diagnosis and Follow Up. Semin Roentgenol 2018; 53:45-61. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ro.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the cornerstone for evaluating patients with brain masses such as primary and metastatic tumors. Important challenges in effectively detecting and diagnosing brain metastases and in accurately characterizing their subsequent response to treatment remain. These difficulties include discriminating metastases from potential mimics such as primary brain tumors and infection, detecting small metastases, and differentiating treatment response from tumor recurrence and progression. Optimal patient management could be benefited by improved and well-validated prognostic and predictive imaging markers, as well as early response markers to identify successful treatment prior to changes in tumor size. To address these fundamental needs, newer MRI techniques including diffusion and perfusion imaging, MR spectroscopy, and positron emission tomography (PET) tracers beyond traditionally used 18-fluorodeoxyglucose are the subject of extensive ongoing investigations, with several promising avenues of added value already identified. These newer techniques provide a wealth of physiologic and metabolic information that may supplement standard MR evaluation, by providing the ability to monitor and characterize cellularity, angiogenesis, perfusion, pH, hypoxia, metabolite concentrations, and other critical features of malignancy. This chapter reviews standard and advanced imaging of brain metastases provided by computed tomography, MRI, and amino acid PET, focusing on potential biomarkers that can serve as problem-solving tools in the clinical management of patients with brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney B Pope
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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25
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Verburg N, Hoefnagels FWA, Barkhof F, Boellaard R, Goldman S, Guo J, Heimans JJ, Hoekstra OS, Jain R, Kinoshita M, Pouwels PJW, Price SJ, Reijneveld JC, Stadlbauer A, Vandertop WP, Wesseling P, Zwinderman AH, De Witt Hamer PC. Diagnostic Accuracy of Neuroimaging to Delineate Diffuse Gliomas within the Brain: A Meta-Analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:1884-1891. [PMID: 28882867 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain imaging in diffuse glioma is used for diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-up. PURPOSE In this meta-analysis, we address the diagnostic accuracy of imaging to delineate diffuse glioma. DATA SOURCES We systematically searched studies of adults with diffuse gliomas and correlation of imaging with histopathology. STUDY SELECTION Study inclusion was based on quality criteria. Individual patient data were used, if available. DATA ANALYSIS A hierarchic summary receiver operating characteristic method was applied. Low- and high-grade gliomas were analyzed in subgroups. DATA SYNTHESIS Sixty-one studies described 3532 samples in 1309 patients. The mean Standard for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy score (13/25) indicated suboptimal reporting quality. For diffuse gliomas as a whole, the diagnostic accuracy was best with T2-weighted imaging, measured as area under the curve, false-positive rate, true-positive rate, and diagnostic odds ratio of 95.6%, 3.3%, 82%, and 152. For low-grade gliomas, the diagnostic accuracy of T2-weighted imaging as a reference was 89.0%, 0.4%, 44.7%, and 205; and for high-grade gliomas, with T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging as a reference, it was 80.7%, 16.8%, 73.3%, and 14.8. In high-grade gliomas, MR spectroscopy (85.7%, 35.0%, 85.7%, and 12.4) and 11C methionine-PET (85.1%, 38.7%, 93.7%, and 26.6) performed better than the reference imaging. LIMITATIONS True-negative samples were underrepresented in these data, so false-positive rates are probably less reliable than true-positive rates. Multimodality imaging data were unavailable. CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic accuracy of commonly used imaging is better for delineation of low-grade gliomas than high-grade gliomas on the basis of limited evidence. Improvement is indicated from advanced techniques, such as MR spectroscopy and PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Verburg
- From the Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam (N.V., F.W.A.H., W.P.V., P.C.D.W.H.)
| | - F W A Hoefnagels
- From the Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam (N.V., F.W.A.H., W.P.V., P.C.D.W.H.)
| | - F Barkhof
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.B., R.B., O.S.H.)
- Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering (F.B.), University College London, London, UK
| | - R Boellaard
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.B., R.B., O.S.H.)
| | - S Goldman
- Service of Nuclear Medicine and PET/Biomedical Cyclotron Unit (S.G.), l'université libre de Bruxelles-Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Guo
- Shanghai Medical College (J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - O S Hoekstra
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (F.B., R.B., O.S.H.)
| | - R Jain
- Department of Radiology (R.J.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - M Kinoshita
- Department of Neurosurgery (M.K.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - S J Price
- Academic Neurosurgery Division (S.J.P.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - A Stadlbauer
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - W P Vandertop
- From the Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam (N.V., F.W.A.H., W.P.V., P.C.D.W.H.)
| | - P Wesseling
- Pathology (P.W.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology (P.W.), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A H Zwinderman
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.H.Z.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P C De Witt Hamer
- From the Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam (N.V., F.W.A.H., W.P.V., P.C.D.W.H.)
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26
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Rochetams BB, Marechal B, Cottier JP, Gaillot K, Sembely-Taveau C, Sirinelli D, Morel B. T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging: A preliminary study with low infusion rate in pediatric patients. Neuroradiol J 2017; 30:429-436. [PMID: 28556691 DOI: 10.1177/1971400917709626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this preliminary study is to evaluate the results of T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pediatric patients at 1.5T, with a low peripheral intravenous gadoteric acid injection rate of 1 ml/s. Materials and methods Children with neurological symptoms were examined prospectively with conventional MRI and T1-weighted DCE MRI. An magnetic resonance perfusion analysis method was used to obtain time-concentration curves (persistent pattern, type-I; plateau pattern, type-II; washout pattern, type-III) and to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters. A total of two radiologists manually defined regions of interest (ROIs) in the part of the lesion exhibiting the greatest contrast enhancement and in the surrounding normal or contralateral tissue. Lesion/surrounding tissue or contralateral tissue pharmacokinetic parameter ratios were calculated. Tumors were categorized by grade (I-IV) using the World Health Organization (WHO) Grade. Mann-Whitney testing and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed. Results A total of nine boys and nine girls (mean age 10.5 years) were included. Lesions consisted of 10 brain tumors, 3 inflammatory lesions, 3 arteriovenous malformations and 2 strokes. We obtained analyzable concentration-time curves for all patients (6 type-I, 9 type-II, 3 type-III). Ktrans between tumor tissue and surrounding or contralateral tissue was significantly different ( p = 0.034). Ktrans ratios were significantly different between grade I tumors and grade IV tumors ( p = 0.027) and a Ktrans ratio value superior to 0.63 appeared to be discriminant to determine a grade IV of malignancy. Conclusions Our results confirm the feasibility of pediatric T1-weighted DCE MRI at 1.5T with a low injection rate, which could be of great value in differentiating brain tumor grades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bénédicte Marechal
- 2 Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare HC CEMEA SUI DI PI, Lausanne, Switzerland.,3 Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Cottier
- 4 Department of Neuroradiology, Bretonneau Hospital, CHRU, Tours, France.,5 Francois Rabelais University, Faculty of Medicine, Tours, France
| | - Kathleen Gaillot
- 4 Department of Neuroradiology, Bretonneau Hospital, CHRU, Tours, France.,5 Francois Rabelais University, Faculty of Medicine, Tours, France
| | | | - Dominique Sirinelli
- 1 Department of Pediatric Radiology, Clocheville Hospital, CHRU, Tours, France.,5 Francois Rabelais University, Faculty of Medicine, Tours, France
| | - Baptiste Morel
- 1 Department of Pediatric Radiology, Clocheville Hospital, CHRU, Tours, France.,5 Francois Rabelais University, Faculty of Medicine, Tours, France
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