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Camp OG, Bai D, Gonullu DC, Nayak N, Abu-Soud HM. Melatonin interferes with COVID-19 at several distinct ROS-related steps. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 223:111546. [PMID: 34304092 PMCID: PMC8285369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown a correlation between COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and the distinct, exaggerated immune response titled "cytokine storm". This immune response leads to excessive production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause clinical signs characteristic of COVID-19 such as decreased oxygen saturation, alteration of hemoglobin properties, decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, vasoconstriction, elevated cytokines, cardiac and/or renal injury, enhanced D-dimer, leukocytosis, and an increased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio. Particularly, neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) is thought to be especially abundant and, as a result, contributes substantially to oxidative stress and the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Conversely, melatonin, a potent MPO inhibitor, has been noted for its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective actions. Melatonin has been proposed as a safe therapeutic agent for COVID-19 recently, having been given with a US Food and Drug Administration emergency authorized cocktail, REGEN-COV2, for management of COVID-19 progression. This review distinctly highlights both how the destructive interactions of HOCl with tetrapyrrole rings may contribute to oxygen deficiency and hypoxia, vitamin B12 deficiency, NO deficiency, increased oxidative stress, and sleep disturbance, as well as how melatonin acts to prevent these events, thereby improving COVID-19 prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia G Camp
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - David Bai
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Damla C Gonullu
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Neha Nayak
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Husam M Abu-Soud
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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2
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El-Missiry MA, Shabana S, Ghazala SJ, Othman AI, Amer ME. Melatonin exerts a neuroprotective effect against γ-radiation-induced brain injury in the rat through the modulation of neurotransmitters, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31108-31121. [PMID: 33598836 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of melatonin (MLT) against brain injury in rats undergoing whole-body exposure to γ-radiation. Male Wistar rats were whole-body exposed to 4-Gy γ-radiation from a cesium-137 source. MLT (10 mg/kg) was orally administrated 30 minutes before irradiation and continued once daily for 1 and 7 days after exposure. In the irradiated rats, the plasma levels of glutamate were increased, while the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels were decreased, and MLT improved the disturbed glutamate and GABA levels. These effects paralleled an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6, and TNF-a) and C-reactive protein as well as a decrease in IL-10 in the plasma of the irradiated rats. MLT treatment markedly reduced these effects, indicating its anti-inflammatory impact. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated a remarkable upregulation of caspase-3 and P53 expression, indicating the increased apoptosis in the brain of irradiated rats. MLT significantly downregulated the expression of these parameters compared with that in the irradiated rats, indicating its anti-apoptotic effect. Oxidative stress is developed in the brain as evidenced by increased levels of malondialdehyde; decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase; and decreased content of glutathione in the brain. MLT remarkably ameliorated the development of oxidative stress in the brain of the irradiated rats indicating its antioxidant impact. The histopathological results were consistent with the biochemical and immunohistochemical results and showed that MLT remarkably protected the histological structure of brain tissue compared with that in the irradiated rats. In conclusion, MLT showed potential neuroprotective properties by increasing the release of neurotransmitters, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory factors and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis in the brain of irradiated rats. MLT can be beneficial in clinical and occupational settings requiring radiation exposure; however, additional studies are required to elucidate its neuroprotective effect in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sameh Shabana
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sara J Ghazala
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Azza I Othman
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maggie E Amer
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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3
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DiCarlo AL, Perez Horta Z, Rios CI, Satyamitra MM, Taliaferro LP, Cassatt DR. Study logistics that can impact medical countermeasure efficacy testing in mouse models of radiation injury. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 97:S151-S167. [PMID: 32909878 PMCID: PMC7987915 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1820599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To address confounding issues that have been noted in planning and conducting studies to identify biomarkers of radiation injury, develop animal models to simulate these injuries, and test potential medical countermeasures to mitigate/treat damage caused by radiation exposure. METHODS The authors completed an intensive literature search to address several key areas that should be considered before embarking on studies to assess efficacy of medical countermeasure approaches in mouse models of radiation injury. These considerations include: (1) study variables; (2) animal selection criteria; (3) animal husbandry; (4) medical management; and (5) radiation attributes. RESULTS It is important to select mouse strains that are capable of responding to the selected radiation exposure (e.g. genetic predispositions might influence radiation sensitivity and proclivity to certain phenotypes of radiation injury), and that also react in a manner similar to humans. Gender, vendor, age, weight, and even seasonal variations are all important factors to consider. In addition, the housing and husbandry of the animals (i.e. feed, environment, handling, time of day of irradiation and animal restraint), as well as the medical management provided (e.g. use of acidified water, antibiotics, routes of administration of drugs, consideration of animal numbers, and euthanasia criteria) should all be addressed. Finally, the radiation exposure itself should be tightly controlled, by ensuring a full understanding and reporting of the radiation source, dose and dose rate, shielding and geometry of exposure, while also providing accurate dosimetry. It is important to understand how all the above factors contribute to the development of radiation dose response curves for a given animal facility with a well-defined murine model. CONCLUSIONS Many potential confounders that could impact the outcomes of studies to assess efficacy of a medical countermeasure for radiation-induced injuries are addressed, and recommendations are made to assist investigators in carrying out research that is robust, reproducible, and accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L DiCarlo
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Zulmarie Perez Horta
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Carmen I Rios
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Merriline M Satyamitra
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lanyn P Taliaferro
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - David R Cassatt
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
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Jeelani R, Maitra D, Chatzicharalampous C, Najeemuddin S, Morris RT, Abu-Soud HM. Melatonin prevents hypochlorous acid-mediated cyanocobalamin destruction and cyanogen chloride generation. J Pineal Res 2018; 64:10.1111/jpi.12463. [PMID: 29247550 PMCID: PMC5843513 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a potent cytotoxic oxidant generated by the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and chloride (Cl- ). Elevated levels of HOCl play an important role in various pathological conditions through oxidative modification of several biomolecules. Recently, we have highlighted the ability of HOCl to mediate the destruction of the metal-ion derivatives of tetrapyrrole macrocyclic rings such as hemoproteins and vitamin B12 (VB12 ) derivatives. Destruction of cyanocobalamin, a common pharmacological form of VB12 mediated by HOCl, results in the generation of toxic molecular products such as chlorinated derivatives, corrin ring cleavage products, the toxic blood agents cyanide (CN- ) and cyanogen chloride (CNCl), and redox-active free cobalt. Here, we show that melatonin prevents HOCl-mediated cyanocobalamin destruction, using a combination of UV-Vis spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, and colorimetric CNCl assay. Identification of several melatonin oxidation products suggests that the protective role of melatonin against HOCl-mediated cyanocobalamin destruction and subsequent CNCl generation is at the expense of melatonin oxidation. Collectively, this work highlights that, in addition to acting as an antioxidant and as a MPO inhibitor, melatonin can also prevent VB12 deficiency in inflammatory conditions such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, among many others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohi Jeelani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, C. S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48201 USA
| | - Dhiman Maitra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, C. S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48201 USA
| | - Charalampos Chatzicharalampous
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, C. S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48201 USA
| | - Syed Najeemuddin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, C. S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48201 USA
| | - Robert T. Morris
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201 USA
| | - Husam M. Abu-Soud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, C. S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48201 USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201 USA
- Address correspondence to: Husam Abu-Soud, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C. S. Mott Center for Growth and Development, Wayne State University, 275 E. Hancock Detroit, MI 48201. Tel: 313/577-6178; Fax: 313/577-8554;
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5
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Griffin F, Marignol L. Therapeutic potential of melatonin for breast cancer radiation therapy patients. Int J Radiat Biol 2018. [PMID: 29521142 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1446227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is an endogenous hormone primarily known for its action on the circadian rhythms. But pre-clinical studies are reporting both its radioprotective and radiosensitizing properties, possibly mediated through an interaction between melatonin and the regulation of estrogens. Melatonin pre-treatment prior to ionizing radiation was associated with a decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in p53 mRNA expression, leading to an increase in the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells. At the same time, a decrease in radiation-induced side effects was described in breast cancer patients and in rodent models. This review examines the potential for melatonin to improve the therapeutic outcomes of breast radiation therapy, specifically estrogen receptor positive patients. Evidence suggests that melatonin may offer a novel, non-toxic and cheap adjuvant therapy to improve the existing treatment modalities. But further research is required in the clinical setting before a clear understanding of its therapeutic benefits is determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Griffin
- a Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Discipline of Radiation therapy , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Laure Marignol
- a Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Discipline of Radiation therapy , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
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Reiter RJ, Rosales-Corral SA, Tan DX, Acuna-Castroviejo D, Qin L, Yang SF, Xu K. Melatonin, a Full Service Anti-Cancer Agent: Inhibition of Initiation, Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E843. [PMID: 28420185 PMCID: PMC5412427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is highly credible evidence that melatonin mitigates cancer at the initiation, progression and metastasis phases. In many cases, the molecular mechanisms underpinning these inhibitory actions have been proposed. What is rather perplexing, however, is the large number of processes by which melatonin reportedly restrains cancer development and growth. These diverse actions suggest that what is being observed are merely epiphenomena of an underlying more fundamental action of melatonin that remains to be disclosed. Some of the arresting actions of melatonin on cancer are clearly membrane receptor-mediated while others are membrane receptor-independent and involve direct intracellular actions of this ubiquitously-distributed molecule. While the emphasis of melatonin/cancer research has been on the role of the indoleamine in restraining breast cancer, this is changing quickly with many cancer types having been shown to be susceptible to inhibition by melatonin. There are several facets of this research which could have immediate applications at the clinical level. Many studies have shown that melatonin's co-administration improves the sensitivity of cancers to inhibition by conventional drugs. Even more important are the findings that melatonin renders cancers previously totally resistant to treatment sensitive to these same therapies. Melatonin also inhibits molecular processes associated with metastasis by limiting the entrance of cancer cells into the vascular system and preventing them from establishing secondary growths at distant sites. This is of particular importance since cancer metastasis often significantly contributes to death of the patient. Another area that deserves additional consideration is related to the capacity of melatonin in reducing the toxic consequences of anti-cancer drugs while increasing their efficacy. Although this information has been available for more than a decade, it has not been adequately exploited at the clinical level. Even if the only beneficial actions of melatonin in cancer patients are its ability to attenuate acute and long-term drug toxicity, melatonin should be used to improve the physical wellbeing of the patients. The experimental findings, however, suggest that the advantages of using melatonin as a co-treatment with conventional cancer therapies would far exceed improvements in the wellbeing of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Sergio A Rosales-Corral
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico.
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | | | - Lilan Qin
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan, Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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7
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Shaeib F, Khan SN, Thakur M, Kohan-Ghadr HR, Drewlo S, Saed GM, Pennathur S, Abu-Soud HM. The Impact of Myeloperoxidase and Activated Macrophages on Metaphase II Mouse Oocyte Quality. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151160. [PMID: 26982351 PMCID: PMC4794194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an abundant heme-containing enzyme present in neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, is produced in high levels during inflammation, and associated with poor reproductive outcomes. MPO is known to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chloride (Cl-). Here we investigate the effect of activated immune cells and MPO on oocyte quality. Mouse metaphase II oocytes were divided into the following groups: 1) Incubation with a catalytic amount of MPO (40 nM) for different incubation periods in the presence of 100 mM Cl- with and without H2O2 and with and without melatonin (100 μM), at 37°C (n = 648/648 total number of oocytes in each group for oocytes with and without cumulus cells); 2) Co-cultured with activated mouse peritoneal macrophage and neutrophils cells (1.0 x 106 cells/ml) in the absence and presence of melatonin (200 μM), an MPO inhibitor/ROS scavenger, for different incubation periods in HTF media, at 37°C (n = 200/200); 3) Untreated oocytes incubated for 4 hrs as controls (n = 73/64). Oocytes were then fixed, stained and scored based on the microtubule morphology and chromosomal alignment. All treatments were found to negatively affect oocyte quality in a time dependent fashion as compared to controls. In all cases the presence of cumulus cells offered no protection; however significant protection was offered by melatonin. Similar results were obtained with oocytes treated with neutrophils. This work provides a direct link between MPO and decreased oocyte quality. Therefore, strategies to decrease MPO mediated inflammation may influence reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Shaeib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Sana N. Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Mili Thakur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Hamid-Reza Kohan-Ghadr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Sascha Drewlo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Ghassan M. Saed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Husam M. Abu-Soud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Menon SS, Uppal M, Randhawa S, Cheema MS, Aghdam N, Usala RL, Ghosh SP, Cheema AK, Dritschilo A. Radiation Metabolomics: Current Status and Future Directions. Front Oncol 2016; 6:20. [PMID: 26870697 PMCID: PMC4736121 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) disrupts normal metabolic processes in cells and organs by inducing complex biological responses that interfere with gene and protein expression. Conventional dosimetry, monitoring of prodromal symptoms, and peripheral lymphocyte counts are of limited value as organ- and tissue-specific biomarkers for personnel exposed to radiation, particularly, weeks or months after exposure. Analysis of metabolites generated in known stress-responsive pathways by molecular profiling helps to predict the physiological status of an individual in response to environmental or genetic perturbations. Thus, a multi-metabolite profile obtained from a high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics platform offers potential for identification of robust biomarkers to predict radiation toxicity of organs and tissues resulting from exposures to therapeutic or non-therapeutic IR. Here, we review the status of radiation metabolomics and explore applications as a standalone technology, as well as its integration in systems biology, to facilitate a better understanding of the molecular basis of radiation response. Finally, we draw attention to the identification of specific pathways that can be targeted for the development of therapeutics to alleviate or mitigate harmful effects of radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi S Menon
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Medha Uppal
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Subeena Randhawa
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Mehar S Cheema
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Nima Aghdam
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Rachel L Usala
- School of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Sanchita P Ghosh
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Anatoly Dritschilo
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA
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9
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Karaer I, Simsek G, Gul M, Bahar L, Gürocak S, Parlakpinar H, Nuransoy A. Melatonin protects inner ear against radiation damage in rats. Laryngoscope 2015; 125:E345-9. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.25376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mehmet Gul
- the Department of Pharmacology, Inönü University Faculty of Medicine Malatya
| | | | - Simay Gürocak
- ENT DepartmentKirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine Kirikkale
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10
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Tahamtan R, Shabestani Monfared A, Tahamtani Y, Tavassoli A, Akmali M, Mosleh-Shirazi MA, Naghizadeh MM, Ghasemi D, Keshavarz M, Haddadi GH. Radioprotective effect of melatonin on radiation-induced lung injury and lipid peroxidation in rats. CELL JOURNAL 2015; 17:111-20. [PMID: 25870840 PMCID: PMC4393658 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2015.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective Free radicals generated by ionizing radiation attack various cellular components such as lipids. The lung is a very radiosensitive organ and its damage is a doselimiting factor in radiotherapy treatments. Melatonin (MLT), the major product of the pineal
gland acts as a radioprotective agent. This study aims to investigate the radioprotective
effects of MLT on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and histopathological changes in irradiated lungs.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, a total of 62 rats were divided into
five groups. Group 1 received no MLT and radiation (unT), group 2 received oral MLT
(oM), group 3 received oral MLT and their thoracic areas were irradiated with 18 Gy (oMR), group 4 received MLT by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and their thoracic areas were
irradiated with 18 Gy (ipM-R), group 5 received only 18 Gy radiation in the thoracic area
(R). Following radiotherapy, half of the animals in each group were sacrificed at 48 hours
for evaluation of lipid peroxidation and early phase lung injuries. Other animals were sacrificed in the eighth week of the experiment for evaluation of the presence of late phase
radiation induced lung injuries.
Results Pre-treatment of rats with either i.p injection (p<0.05) and oral administration of
MLT (p<0.001) significantly reduced MDA levels in red blood cell (RBC) samples compared to the R group. Furthermore, i.p. injection of MLT decreased MDA levels in plasma
and tissue (p<0.05). In the early phase of lung injury, both administration of MLT significantly increased lymphocyte (p<0.05) and macrophage frequency (p<0.001). MLT reduced the lung injury index in the lungs compared to the R group (p<0.05).
Conclusion The result of this study confirms the radioprotective effect of MLT on lipid
peroxidation, and in both early and late phases of radiation induced lung injuries in an
animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Tahamtan
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Centre, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Shabestani Monfared
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Centre, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Yasser Tahamtani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Tavassoli
- Department of Pathology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Maasoomeh Akmali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Danial Ghasemi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Keshavarz
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University of Shiraz, Shiraz Iran
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11
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Shaeib F, Khan SN, Ali I, Najafi T, Maitra D, Abdulhamid I, Saed GM, Pennathur S, Abu-Soud HM. Melatonin prevents myeloperoxidase heme destruction and the generation of free iron mediated by self-generated hypochlorous acid. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120737. [PMID: 25835505 PMCID: PMC4383586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) generated hypochlorous acid (HOCl) formed during catalysis is able to destroy the MPO heme moiety through a feedback mechanism, resulting in the accumulation of free iron. Here we show that the presence of melatonin (MLT) can prevent HOCl-mediated MPO heme destruction using a combination of UV-visible photometry, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-specific electrode, and ferrozine assay techniques. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that MPO heme protection was at the expense of MLT oxidation. The full protection of the MPO heme requires the presence of a 1:2 MLT to H2O2 ratio. Melatonin prevents HOCl-mediated MPO heme destruction through multiple pathways. These include competition with chloride, the natural co-substrate; switching the MPO activity from a two electron oxidation to a one electron pathway causing the buildup of the inactive Compound II, and its subsequent decay to MPO-Fe(III) instead of generating HOCl; binding to MPO above the heme iron, thereby preventing the access of H2O2 to the catalytic site of the enzyme; and direct scavenging of HOCl. Collectively, in addition to acting as an antioxidant and MPO inhibitor, MLT can exert its protective effect by preventing the release of free iron mediated by self-generated HOCl. Our work may establish a direct mechanistic link by which MLT exerts its antioxidant protective effect in chronic inflammatory diseases with MPO elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Shaeib
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sana N. Khan
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Iyad Ali
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Tohid Najafi
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Dhiman Maitra
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Ghassan M. Saed
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Husam M. Abu-Soud
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Reisz JA, Bansal N, Qian J, Zhao W, Furdui CM. Effects of ionizing radiation on biological molecules--mechanisms of damage and emerging methods of detection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:260-92. [PMID: 24382094 PMCID: PMC4060780 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The detrimental effects of ionizing radiation (IR) involve a highly orchestrated series of events that are amplified by endogenous signaling and culminating in oxidative damage to DNA, lipids, proteins, and many metabolites. Despite the global impact of IR, the molecular mechanisms underlying tissue damage reveal that many biomolecules are chemoselectively modified by IR. RECENT ADVANCES The development of high-throughput "omics" technologies for mapping DNA and protein modifications have revolutionized the study of IR effects on biological systems. Studies in cells, tissues, and biological fluids are used to identify molecular features or biomarkers of IR exposure and response and the molecular mechanisms that regulate their expression or synthesis. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, chemical mechanisms are described for IR-induced modifications of biomolecules along with methods for their detection. Included with the detection methods are crucial experimental considerations and caveats for their use. Additional factors critical to the cellular response to radiation, including alterations in protein expression, metabolomics, and epigenetic factors, are also discussed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Throughout the review, the synergy of combined "omics" technologies such as genomics and epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics is highlighted. These are anticipated to lead to new hypotheses to understand IR effects on biological systems and improve IR-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Reisz
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Maldonado M, Garcia-Moreno H, Calvo J. Melatonin protects mast cells against cytotoxicity mediated by chemical stimuli PMACI: Possible clinical use. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 262:62-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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