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Shekari F, Vard A, Adibi I, Danesh-Mobarhan S. Investigating the feasibility of differentiating MS active lesions from inactive ones using texture analysis and machine learning methods in DWI images. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 82:105363. [PMID: 38118289 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used in conjunction with a gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) to distinguish active multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. However, recent studies have raised concerns regarding the long-term effects of the accumulation of GBCA in the body. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of using texture analysis in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and machine learning algorithms to discriminate active from inactive MS lesions without the use of GBCA. METHODS To achieve this purpose, we introduce an image processing pipeline. In the proposed pipeline, following registration and alignment of slices, MS lesions from DWI images are segmented and quantized. Next, different texture analysis methods are employed to extract texture features from the lesions. Then, a two-stage feature reduction method is applied, in which the first stage involves a statistical t-test and the second stage relies on principal component analysis (PCA), sequential forward selection (SFS), sequential backward selection (SBS), and ReliefF algorithms. Finally, we use five classifiers logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), K nearest neighbor (KNN), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) in a 5-fold cross-validation procedure to determine active and inactive MS lesions. RESULTS In this study, we collected and prepared 255 active/inactive MS lesions from MRI scans of 34 patients diagnosed with MS, with a mean age of 35.56±10.89. Among 89 texture features extracted, 63 features showed statistically significant differences between the means of active and inactive lesions (P<0.05). The SVM classifier with the PCA feature reduction algorithm demonstrated the best performance with an average accuracy of 0.960 (±0.024), specificity and precision of 1.0, sensitivity of 0.913 (±0.053), and AUC of 0.957 (±0.027). CONCLUSION Our study indicates that DWI changes detected using texture analysis-based machine learning models can precisely differentiate active from inactive MS lesions. This finding provides valuable clinical information for the early diagnosis and effective monitoring of MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Shekari
- Department of Bioelectrics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; Student Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Vard
- Department of Bioelectrics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran; Medical Image and Signal Processing Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Iman Adibi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Safieh Danesh-Mobarhan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Lee RL, Funk KE. Imaging blood–brain barrier disruption in neuroinflammation and Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1144036. [PMID: 37009464 PMCID: PMC10063921 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1144036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is the neurovascular structure that regulates the passage of cells and molecules to and from the central nervous system (CNS). Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with gradual breakdown of the BBB, permitting entry of plasma-derived neurotoxins, inflammatory cells, and microbial pathogens into the CNS. BBB permeability can be visualized directly in AD patients using imaging technologies including dynamic contrast-enhanced and arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging, and recent studies employing these techniques have shown that subtle changes in BBB stability occur prior to deposition of the pathological hallmarks of AD, senile plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles. These studies suggest that BBB disruption may be useful as an early diagnostic marker; however, AD is also accompanied by neuroinflammation, which can complicate these analyses. This review will outline the structural and functional changes to the BBB that occur during AD pathogenesis and highlight current imaging technologies that can detect these subtle changes. Advancing these technologies will improve both the diagnosis and treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Oghabian MA, Fatemidokht A, Haririchian MH. Quantification of Blood-Brain-Barrier Permeability Dysregulation and Inflammatory Activity in MS Lesions by Dynamic-Contrast Enhanced MR Imaging. Basic Clin Neurosci 2022; 13:117-128. [PMID: 36589018 PMCID: PMC9790105 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2022.575.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: blood-brain-barrier perfusion characterization impaired in MS as some studies have shown recently but a comparison between perfusion parameters in contrast-enhanced and non-enhanced lesions not have been well documented. Pharmacokinetic quantitative parameters have obtained from dynamic contrast-enhanced in magnetic resonance imaging is a useful way to quantify blood-brain barrier permeability leakage. Methods MR examination was performed on 28 patients with Relapsing-remitted Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) with (Mean±SD age: 34.7±9.28) which had multiple lesions in the brain.3D dynamic T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo was obtained and Perfusion parameters and its map assessed in enhanced and non-enhanced lesions after intravascular injection differences in parameters and map obtained by analyzing ROI in Extended Toft model. Results permeability as measured Krtans was a significantly higher value in CE to compare NE lesions. Ktrans and Kep have significant differences in NAWM and CE and NE lesions. Vb was slightly different in NE and CE lesions. Conclusion Permeability measured as Ktrans was the good parameter to show permeability impairment of BBB in CE lesions. Dysregulation in BBB is an acceptable sign to indicate existence inflammation in CE lesions. Highlights Multiple Sclerosis,Inflammation,Blood-brain-barrier dysregulation. Plain Language Summary Inflammation activity in MS patients has an important role to cause BBB dysfunction.in this article to achieve results to confirm the inflammation importance in MS patients with acute lesions. MRI modality have been used and with comparison between acute and chronic lesions and NAWM of MS patient's presence of inflammation have been proved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Oghabian
- Department of Neuroimaging and Analysis, Research Center for Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asieh Fatemidokht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Haririchian
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wengler K, Ha J, Syritsyna O, Bangiyev L, Coyle PK, Duong TQ, Schweitzer ME, He X. Abnormal blood-brain barrier water exchange in chronic multiple sclerosis lesions: A preliminary study. Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 70:126-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Netto JP, Iliff J, Stanimirovic D, Krohn KA, Hamilton B, Varallyay C, Gahramanov S, Daldrup-Link H, d'Esterre C, Zlokovic B, Sair H, Lee Y, Taheri S, Jain R, Panigrahy A, Reich DS, Drewes LR, Castillo M, Neuwelt EA. Neurovascular Unit: Basic and Clinical Imaging with Emphasis on Advantages of Ferumoxytol. Neurosurgery 2019; 82:770-780. [PMID: 28973554 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological and pathological processes that increase or decrease the central nervous system's need for nutrients and oxygen via changes in local blood supply act primarily at the level of the neurovascular unit (NVU). The NVU consists of endothelial cells, associated blood-brain barrier tight junctions, basal lamina, pericytes, and parenchymal cells, including astrocytes, neurons, and interneurons. Knowledge of the NVU is essential for interpretation of central nervous system physiology and pathology as revealed by conventional and advanced imaging techniques. This article reviews current strategies for interrogating the NVU, focusing on vascular permeability, blood volume, and functional imaging, as assessed by ferumoxytol an iron oxide nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Prola Netto
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Neuroradiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jeffrey Iliff
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Danica Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth A Krohn
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Bronwyn Hamilton
- Department of Neuroradiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Csanad Varallyay
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Seymur Gahramanov
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | - Christopher d'Esterre
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Berislav Zlokovic
- Zikha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Haris Sair
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yueh Lee
- Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Saeid Taheri
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Rajan Jain
- Department of Radiology and Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel S Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lester R Drewes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Mauricio Castillo
- Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Edward A Neuwelt
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
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Sweeney MD, Zhao Z, Montagne A, Nelson AR, Zlokovic BV. Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:21-78. [PMID: 30280653 PMCID: PMC6335099 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00050.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1118] [Impact Index Per Article: 223.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents neurotoxic plasma components, blood cells, and pathogens from entering the brain. At the same time, the BBB regulates transport of molecules into and out of the central nervous system (CNS), which maintains tightly controlled chemical composition of the neuronal milieu that is required for proper neuronal functioning. In this review, we first examine molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the establishment of the BBB. Then, we focus on BBB transport physiology, endothelial and pericyte transporters, and perivascular and paravascular transport. Next, we discuss rare human monogenic neurological disorders with the primary genetic defect in BBB-associated cells demonstrating the link between BBB breakdown and neurodegeneration. Then, we review the effects of genes underlying inheritance and/or increased susceptibility for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) on BBB in relation to other pathologies and neurological deficits. We next examine how BBB dysfunction relates to neurological deficits and other pathologies in the majority of sporadic AD, PD, and ALS cases, multiple sclerosis, other neurodegenerative disorders, and acute CNS disorders such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and epilepsy. Lastly, we discuss BBB-based therapeutic opportunities. We conclude with lessons learned and future directions, with emphasis on technological advances to investigate the BBB functions in the living human brain, and at the molecular and cellular level, and address key unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D Sweeney
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California ; and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California ; and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Axel Montagne
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California ; and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Amy R Nelson
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California ; and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Berislav V Zlokovic
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California ; and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
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Varatharaj A, Liljeroth M, Darekar A, Larsson HBW, Galea I, Cramer SP. Blood-brain barrier permeability measured using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: a validation study. J Physiol 2018; 597:699-709. [PMID: 30417928 PMCID: PMC6355631 DOI: 10.1113/jp276887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Key points The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an important and dynamic structure which contributes to homeostasis in the central nervous system. BBB permeability changes occur in health and disease but measurement of BBB permeability in humans is not straightforward. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) can be used to model the movement of gadolinium contrast into the brain, expressed as the influx constant Ki. Here evidence is provided that Ki as measured by DCE‐MRI behaves as expected for a marker of overall BBB leakage. These results support the use of DCE‐MRI for in vivo studies of human BBB permeability in health and disease.
Abstract Blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage can be measured using dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) as the influx constant Ki. To validate this method we compared measured Ki with biological expectations, namely (1) higher Ki in healthy individual grey matter (GM) versus white matter (WM), (2) GM/WM cerebral blood volume (CBV) ratio close to the histologically established GM/WM vascular density ratio, (3) higher Ki in visibly enhancing multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions versus MS normal appearing white matter (NAWM), and (4) higher Ki in MS NAWM versus healthy individual NAWM. We recruited 13 healthy individuals and 12 patients with MS and performed whole‐brain 3D DCE‐MRI at 3 T. Ki and CBV were calculated using Patlak modelling for manual regions of interest (ROI) and segmented tissue masks. Ki was higher in control GM versus WM (P = 0.001). CBV was higher in GM versus WM (P = 0.005, mean ratio 1.9). Ki was higher in visibly enhancing MS lesions versus MS NAWM (P = 0.002), and in MS NAWM versus controls (P = 0.014). Bland–Altman analysis showed no significant difference between ROI and segmentation methods (P = 0.638) and an intra‐class correlation coefficient showed moderate single measure consistency (0.610). Ki behaves as expected for a compound marker of permeability and surface area. The GM/WM CBV ratio measured by this technique is in agreement with the literature. This adds evidence to the validity of Ki measured by DCE‐MRI as a marker of overall BBB leakage. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an important and dynamic structure which contributes to homeostasis in the central nervous system. BBB permeability changes occur in health and disease but measurement of BBB permeability in humans is not straightforward. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) can be used to model the movement of gadolinium contrast into the brain, expressed as the influx constant Ki. Here evidence is provided that Ki as measured by DCE‐MRI behaves as expected for a marker of overall BBB leakage. These results support the use of DCE‐MRI for in vivo studies of human BBB permeability in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravinthan Varatharaj
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Maria Liljeroth
- Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Angela Darekar
- Department of Medical Physics, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Henrik B W Larsson
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian Galea
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Stig P Cramer
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wang M, Xie Y, Zhong Y, Cen J, Wang L, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Tong L, Wei Q. Amelioration of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Isogarcinol Extracted from Garcinia mangostana L. Mangosteen. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9012-9021. [PMID: 27933873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Isogarcinol is a new natural immunosuppressant that was extracted from Garcinia mangostana L. in our laboratory. Knowledge of its effects on treatable diseases and its mechanism of action is still very limited. In this study, we explored the therapeutic effect of isogarcinol in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Treatment with oral 100 mg/kg isogarcinol markedly ameliorated clinical scores, alleviated inflammation and demyelination of the spinal cord, and reduced intracranial lesions in EAE mice. The percentages of Th cells and macrophages were also strongly reduced. Isogarcinol appeared to act by inhibiting T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cell differentiation via the janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway and by impairing macrophage function. Our data suggest that isogarcinol has the potential to be an effective therapeutic agent of low toxicity for treating MS and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Wang
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Xie
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Youxiu Zhong
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
- National Vaccine and Serum Institute, Beijing 100024, People's Republic of China
| | - Juren Cen
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Hainan University , Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Tong
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Wei
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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Montagne A, Barnes SR, Sweeney MD, Halliday MR, Sagare AP, Zhao Z, Toga AW, Jacobs RE, Liu CY, Amezcua L, Harrington MG, Chui HC, Law M, Zlokovic BV. Blood-brain barrier breakdown in the aging human hippocampus. Neuron 2015; 85:296-302. [PMID: 25611508 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1307] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits entry of blood-derived products, pathogens, and cells into the brain that is essential for normal neuronal functioning and information processing. Post-mortem tissue analysis indicates BBB damage in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The timing of BBB breakdown remains, however, elusive. Using an advanced dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI protocol with high spatial and temporal resolutions to quantify regional BBB permeability in the living human brain, we show an age-dependent BBB breakdown in the hippocampus, a region critical for learning and memory that is affected early in AD. The BBB breakdown in the hippocampus and its CA1 and dentate gyrus subdivisions worsened with mild cognitive impairment that correlated with injury to BBB-associated pericytes, as shown by the cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Our data suggest that BBB breakdown is an early event in the aging human brain that begins in the hippocampus and may contribute to cognitive impairment. VIDEO ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Montagne
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Samuel R Barnes
- Biological Imaging Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
| | - Melanie D Sweeney
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Matthew R Halliday
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Abhay P Sagare
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Russell E Jacobs
- Biological Imaging Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
| | - Collin Y Liu
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Lilyana Amezcua
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Meng Law
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Berislav V Zlokovic
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Cramer SP, Larsson HBW. Accurate determination of blood-brain barrier permeability using dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI: a simulation and in vivo study on healthy subjects and multiple sclerosis patients. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:1655-65. [PMID: 25074746 PMCID: PMC4269724 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is increasingly used to estimate permeability in situations with subtle blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage. However, the method's ability to differentiate such low values from zero is unknown, and no consensus exists on optimal selection of total measurement duration, temporal resolution, and modeling approach under varying physiologic circumstances. To estimate accuracy and precision of the DCE-MRI method we generated simulated data using a two-compartment model and progressively down-sampled and truncated the data to mimic low temporal resolution and short total measurement duration. Model fit was performed with the Patlak, the extended Tofts, and the Tikhonov two-compartment (Tik-2CM) models. Overall, 17 healthy controls were scanned to obtain in vivo data. Long total measurement duration (15 minutes) and high temporal resolution (1.25 seconds) greatly improved accuracy and precision for all three models, enabling us to differentiate values of permeability as low as 0.1 ml/100 g/min from zero. The Patlak model yielded highest accuracy and precision for permeability values <0.3 ml/100 g/min, but for higher values the Tik-2CM performed best. Our results emphasize the importance of optimal parameter setup and model selection when characterizing low BBB permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stig P Cramer
- 1] Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Diagnostics, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark [2] Department of Neurology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Henrik B W Larsson
- 1] Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Diagnostics, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark [2] Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, The Norwegian University of Technology and Science, Trondheim, Norway
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