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Dolfini Alexandrino L, Martinez Antunes LH, Jardini Munhoz AL, Ricomini Filho AP, da Silva WJ. Mechanical and surface properties of Co-Cr alloy produced by additive manufacturing for removable partial denture frameworks. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:780-785. [PMID: 35184888 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Conventional analog methods have been replaced with digital methods for removable partial denture (RPD) frameworks. However, limited information is available regarding the build direction of RPD frameworks and its effect on properties. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the mechanical and surface properties of the cobalt chromium (Co-Cr) alloy produced at different build angles by the laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (AM) technology used for RPD framework fabrication. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plate-shaped Co-Cr specimens (n=6) were produced by the AM technology and divided into 3 groups depending on the build angle (0, 45, or 90 degrees). The elastic modulus and fracture properties were evaluated by flexural testing. Additionally, 15 disks were printed by using the same parameters of the plates (n=5) to analyze the surface hardness with microhardness testing, and surface properties were determined by surface free energy by using the contact angle and surface roughness measured by using a profilometer. Twelve Co-Cr cylindrical specimens were produced by using the same parameters (n=4), and their microstructure was examined by using an optical microscope. One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the overall effects of the interaction between groups, and the Tukey test was applied when the interaction was statistically significant (α=.05). RESULTS The flexural strength showed a statistically significant difference (P<.05), with the peak value exhibited by the 0-degree group. A statistical difference was also observed between the angulation and modulus of elasticity; however, the highest value was exhibited by the 45-degree group. For the fracture topography, all groups observed a dimple-like fracture, although the 45-degree group showed wider cleavage planes of fractures than other angulations. For microhardness, the 0- and 45-degree groups exhibited a statistical difference in relation to the 90-degree group (P<.05). For surface properties, no statistically significant difference (P>.05) was found in any of the evaluated parameters. Dependence on the build angles was evidenced by the molten pool boundaries during observation of the microstructure. CONCLUSIONS The build angle influenced the flexural strength and microhardness of the Co-Cr alloy produced by AM; however, it does not affect surface free energy and surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Dolfini Alexandrino
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - André Luiz Jardini Munhoz
- National Institute of Biofabrication, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio Pedro Ricomini Filho
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Wander José da Silva
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Aldhohrah T, Yang J, Guo J, Zhang H, Wang Y. Ion release and biocompatibility of Co-Cr alloy fabricated by selective laser melting from recycled Co-Cr powder: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:393-401. [PMID: 34782150 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM As the cobalt chromium (Co-Cr) powder used in selective laser melting (SLM) is costly, reusing the remaining powder after multiple cycles provides an economic and environmental benefit. However, knowledge of the cytotoxic effect of the alloy fabricated from recycled powder is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the biological effects of the Co-Cr ions released from the alloy fabricated from the recycled powder on the human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and normal oral keratinocytes (NOKs). MATERIAL AND METHODS Disk-shaped Co-Cr specimens were fabricated by using the SLM technique from powders with different proportions of recycled to unused and from different recycling times. Co and Cr ions released from the disks immersed in the Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) for 24 hours or 7 days were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Biocompatibility of Co-Cr alloy was detected by incubation of HGFs and NOKs in DMEM containing Co and Cr ions for 24 hours. The ANOVA test was used to evaluate statistically significant differences among different groups (α=.05). RESULTS Compared with the alloy fabricated from 100% unused powder, the concentrations of Co and Cr ions increased with the increase of recycled to unused powder ratio or with the increase in the recycling times. HGFs and NOKs showed an increase in apoptosis, intracellular oxidative stress (ROS), hypoxia-inducing factor1α (HIF-1α), and proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF- α], interleukin 6 [IL-6], interleukin 8 [IL-8], and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]) with the increase of Co-Cr ions in a concentration-dependent manner. A significant reduction in cell proliferation was found with the increase in the concentrations of Co and Cr ions (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicated that Co-Cr alloy fabricated from partially recycled powder or powder with different recycling times released significantly more Co and Cr ions and showed higher cytotoxicity to HGFs and NOKs than the alloy fabricated from unused powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghrid Aldhohrah
- Postgraduate student, Department of Prosthodontic, Guanghua Stomatology Hospital, Guangdong key laboratory of stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiajun Yang
- Postgraduate student, Department of Prosthodontic, Guanghua Stomatology Hospital, Guangdong key laboratory of stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiawen Guo
- Postdoctoral fellow, Department of Prosthodontic, Guanghua Stomatology Hospital, Guangdong key laboratory of stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Professor, Department of Implantology, Guanghua Stomatology Hospital, Guangdong key laboratory of stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontic, Guanghua Stomatology Hospital, Guangdong key laboratory of stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Stamenković D, Popović M, Rudolf R, Zrilić M, Raić K, Đuričić KO, Stamenković D. Comparative Study of the Microstructure and Properties of Cast-Fabricated and 3D-Printed Laser-Sintered Co-Cr Alloys for Removable Partial Denture Frameworks. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3267. [PMID: 37110103 PMCID: PMC10145643 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Since additive technologies in dentistry are gradually replacing metal casting technology, it is necessary to evaluate new dental constructions intended for the development of removable partial denture frameworks. The aim of this research was to evaluate the microstructure and mechanical properties of 3D-printed, laser-melted and -sintered Co-Cr alloys, and perform a comparative study with Co-Cr castings for the same dental purposes. The experiments were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of samples produced by conventional casting of the Co-Cr alloy. The second group consisted of 3D-printed, laser-melted and -sintered specimens produced from a Co-Cr alloy powder divided into three subgroups, depending on the technological parameters chosen for manufacturing (angle, location and heat treatment). Examination of the microstructure was carried out by classical metallographic sample preparation, using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. A structural phase analysis was also performed by XRD. The mechanical properties were determined using a standard tensile test. The microstructure observation showed a dendritic character in the case of castings, while in the case of 3D-printed, laser-melted and -sintered Co-Cr alloys, the microstructure was typical for additive technologies. The XRD phase analysis confirmed the presence of Co-Cr phases (ε and γ). The results of the tensile test showed remarkably higher yield and tensile strength values and slightly lower elongation of the 3D-printed, laser-melted and -sintered samples than those produced by conventional casting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miljana Popović
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.); (M.Z.); (K.R.)
| | - Rebeka Rudolf
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Milorad Zrilić
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.); (M.Z.); (K.R.)
| | - Karlo Raić
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.); (M.Z.); (K.R.)
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Microstructure and Mechanical Property of a Multi-Scale Carbide Reinforced Co–Cr–W Matrix Composites. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to meet the demand for high wear-resistant Co-based material used in fields such as aerospace, energy, medical, etc., this study attempts to improve the comprehensive performance of this material by adding some reinforced phases and adjusting the sintering temperature. Results indicate the pure Co–Cr–W alloy is composed of γ-Co, M29C, and M6C (Ni3W3C), and the Co–Cr–W matrix composites are composed of γ-Co, M29C, M6C (Co2W4C), M23C6, and WC. With increasing the hot-pressing sintering temperature, the element diffusion in the material becomes sufficient, and the microstructure of Co–Cr–W alloy and composites materials becomes denser. When the sintering temperature is over 1150 °C, the bending strength and the toughness of the Co–Cr–W matrix composites are higher than that of the pure Co–Cr–W alloys. The added reinforced phases help the composites to gain a multi-scale strengthening effect, which makes the composites have a more comprehensive performance. Our results emphasize the importance of added reinforced phases and help to optimize the preparing process in preparing the Co–Cr–W alloys.
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Corrosion of Additively Manufactured Metallic Components: A Review. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-06481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Effect of build direction dependent grain structure on fatigue crack growth of biomedical Co-29Cr-6Mo alloy processed by laser powder bed fusion. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 123:104741. [PMID: 34461399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical Co-29Cr-6Mo alloy is one of the alloys that are suitable for laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing and as an implant material is often used in situations of critical and cyclic loading. Thus, fatigue crack growth (FCG) behaviour and resistance of the alloy processed by LPBF are an important consideration for dental and orthopaedic applications. In this study, FCG testing has been conducted to evaluate how build direction (BD) dependent grain/cell structure in relation to crack growth direction (CD), either CD⊥BD or CD//BD, affects FCG behaviour. It has been found that the threshold stress intensity factor (ΔKTh) value is significantly higher and the values of c and m in Paris equation are slightly lower for CD//BD samples than the values for CD⊥BD samples, respectively. Failure analysis has revealed that the effects of the commonly known defect, lack of fusion, on both ΔKTh and FCG rate are weak. It has been identified that crack has mainly propagated in a transgranular and transcellular manner, consistent with the observation of the crack path being more torturous and with the higher crack growth resistance determined in CD//BD samples than in CD⊥BD samples. This will be further discussed linking the difference in the size of crack segment, which is BD and thus grain/cell length dependent, to the roughness-induced crack closure mechanism.
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Băilă DI, Vițelaru C, Trușcă R, Constantin LR, Păcurar A, Parau CA, Păcurar R. Thin Films Deposition of Ta 2O 5 and ZnO by E-Gun Technology on Co-Cr Alloy Manufactured by Direct Metal Laser Sintering. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133666. [PMID: 34209275 PMCID: PMC8269889 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In recent years in the dental field, new types of materials and techniques for the manufacturing of dental crowns and analog implants have been developed to improve the quality of these products. The objective of this article was to perform the surface characterization and determine the properties of Co-Cr alloy samples fabricated by the direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) process and coated by e-gun technology with thin films of Ta2O5 and ZnO. Both oxides are frequently used for dental products, in pharmacology, cosmetics, and medicine, due to their good anticorrosive, antibacterial, and photo-catalytic properties. Following the deposition of thin oxide films on the Co-Cr samples fabricated by DMLS, a very fine roughness in the order of nanometers was obtained. Thin films deposition was realized to improve the hardness and the roughness of the Co-Cr parts fabricated by the DMLS process. Surface characterization was performed using SEM-EDS, AFM, and XRD. AFM was used to determine the roughness of the samples and the nanoindentation curves were determined to establish the hardness values and modulus of elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana-Irinel Băilă
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Robotics, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenţei nr. 313, Sector 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.-I.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Cătălin Vițelaru
- National Institute for Research and Development in Optoelectronics, Atomiștilor 409, 077125 Măgurele, Romania; (C.V.); (L.R.C.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Roxana Trușcă
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Robotics, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenţei nr. 313, Sector 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Lidia Ruxandra Constantin
- National Institute for Research and Development in Optoelectronics, Atomiștilor 409, 077125 Măgurele, Romania; (C.V.); (L.R.C.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Ancuța Păcurar
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Robotics, Management and Production Management, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, B-dul Muncii 103-105, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Constantina Anca Parau
- National Institute for Research and Development in Optoelectronics, Atomiștilor 409, 077125 Măgurele, Romania; (C.V.); (L.R.C.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Răzvan Păcurar
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Robotics, Management and Production Management, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, B-dul Muncii 103-105, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.-I.B.); (R.P.)
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Cheng L, Suresh K S, He H, Rajput RS, Feng Q, Ramesh S, Wang Y, Krishnan S, Ostrovidov S, Camci-Unal G, Ramalingam M. 3D Printing of Micro- and Nanoscale Bone Substitutes: A Review on Technical and Translational Perspectives. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4289-4319. [PMID: 34211272 PMCID: PMC8239380 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s311001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) printing technology offer immense potential in fabricating scaffolds and implants for various biomedical applications, especially for bone repair and regeneration. As the availability of autologous bone sources and commercial products is limited and surgical methods do not help in complete regeneration, it is necessary to develop alternative approaches for repairing large segmental bone defects. The 3D printing technology can effectively integrate different types of living cells within a 3D construct made up of conventional micro- or nanoscale biomaterials to create an artificial bone graft capable of regenerating the damaged tissues. This article reviews the developments and applications of 3D printing in bone tissue engineering and highlights the numerous conventional biomaterials and nanomaterials that have been used in the production of 3D-printed scaffolds. A comprehensive overview of the 3D printing methods such as stereolithography (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), fused deposition modeling (FDM), and ink-jet 3D printing, and their technical and clinical applications in bone repair and regeneration has been provided. The review is expected to be useful for readers to gain an insight into the state-of-the-art of 3D printing of bone substitutes and their translational perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shoma Suresh K
- Biomaterials and Organ Engineering Group, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Hongyan He
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ritu Singh Rajput
- Biomaterials and Organ Engineering Group, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Qiyang Feng
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People’s Republic of China
| | - Saravanan Ramesh
- Biomaterials and Organ Engineering Group, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Yuzhuang Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sasirekha Krishnan
- Biomaterials and Organ Engineering Group, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Serge Ostrovidov
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- Biomaterials and Organ Engineering Group, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
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Yan X, Jiang R, Li W, Lin H. Oriented face-centered cubic to hexagonal close-packed martensitic transition, grain morphology, and mechanical properties of Co-Cr alloy fabricated by selective laser melting. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 127:282-287. [PMID: 33279164 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Removable partial dentures (RPDs) can be fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) with different build orientations. How microstructures and mechanical properties of SLM Co-Cr alloy are affected by different build orientations is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the phase structures, grain morphology, and mechanical properties of SLM Co-Cr alloy with different build orientations. MATERIAL AND METHODS SLM Co-Cr tensile specimens were fabricated at orientation angles of 0, 45, and 90 degrees between the building and longitudinal direction named the T0, T45, and T90 design groups (n=14). Mechanical properties were obtained by tensile testing conducted by using a universal testing machine according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 22674. The grains along the longitudinal direction of the specimens and phase structures were observed before and after tensile testing by electron backscatter diffraction. One-way analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis (α=.05). RESULTS The 0.2% yield strengths in descending order were T90 (870 MPa)>T45 (840 MPa)>T0 (786 MPa) (P<.05); the elongations were T0 (21.8%)>T45 (15.6%)>T90 (8.7%) (P<.05); the ultimate tensile strengths were T45 (1226 MPa)>T90 (1200 MPa)>T0 (1149 MPa) (P<.05). The average grain sizes in the T0, T45, and T90 groups were 22 μm, 18 μm, and 14 μm, respectively. After the tensile test, a face-centered cubic (FCC) to hexagonal close-packed (HCP) martensitic transition was found in each group, and the phase transition area fractions were T0 (38.3%)>T45 (11.4%)>T90 (0.7%). CONCLUSIONS The FCC to HCP martensitic transition, grain morphology, and mechanical properties of SLM Co-Cr alloy depended on the build orientations. The oriented phase transition and grains affected the anisotropic mechanical properties of SLM Co-Cr alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yan
- Assistant, Department of Dental Materials Laboratory, Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruodan Jiang
- Engineer, Department of Dental Materials Laboratory, Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wen Li
- Engineer, Department of Dental Materials Laboratory, Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hong Lin
- Professor and Director, Department of Dental Materials Laboratory, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Dental Materials & Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.
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Lee WF, Wang JC, Hsu CY, Peng PW. Microstructure, mechanical properties, and retentive forces of cobalt-chromium removable partial denture frameworks fabricated by selective laser melting followed by heat treatment. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 127:115-121. [PMID: 33234303 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) removable partial denture (RPD) frameworks fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) is not well understood. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the suitability of SLM-fabricated Co-Cr alloys followed by heat treatment as a framework for RPDs by determining the microstructure and mechanical properties. MATERIAL AND METHODS Dumbbell specimens and RPD frameworks were fabricated by using SLM followed by heat treatment. The effects of the heat treatment on the microstructure were studied by using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Tensile and insertion and removal tests were performed to study the mechanical responses of selective laser melting followed by heat treatment specimens, including the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), 0.2% yield strength (0.2% YS), elongation (E), and retentive forces. Specimens fabricated by using the traditional lost-wax process were used as a control (casting) group. RESULTS X-ray diffraction indicated that the γ-face-centered cubic phase dominated SLM and selective laser melting followed by heat treatment specimens. Results from optical microscopy and SEM showed microstructural changes under different fabrication and postprocessing heat treatments; it was difficult to observe the grain boundary in the SLM group, whereas submicrometer-scale grains had formed in the selective laser melting followed by heat treatment group. The selective laser melting followed by heat treatment group exhibited the highest elongation and retentive forces compared with the casting and SLM groups. CONCLUSIONS SLM increased the mechanical properties of Co-Cr alloys. Postprocessing heat treatment further enhanced the tensile ductility. It is suggested that SLM followed by heat treatment is an efficient strategy for fabricating RPD frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Fang Lee
- Assistant Professor, School of Dental Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jia-Chang Wang
- Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Ying Hsu
- Dental Technician, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pei-Wen Peng
- Associate Professor, School of Dental Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Challenges of Co-Cr Alloy Additive Manufacturing Methods in Dentistry-The Current State of Knowledge (Systematic Review). MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13163524. [PMID: 32785055 PMCID: PMC7475880 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Complex dental components which are individually tailored to the patient can be obtained due to new additive manufacturing technology. This paper reviews the metallic powders used in dental applications, the fabrication process (build orientation, process parameters) and post-processing processes (stress relieving, surface finishing). A review of the literature was performed using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Mendeley and Google Scholar. Over eighty articles were selected based on relevance to this review. This paper attempts to include the latest research from 2010 until 2020, however, older manuscripts (10 articles) were also selected. Over 1200 records were identified through the search; these were screened for title and/or summary. Over eighty articles were selected based on relevance to this review. In order to obtain a product which can be used in clinical applications, the appropriate manufacturing parameters should be selected. A discussion was made on optimal selective laser melting (SLM) parameters in dentistry. In addition, this paper includes a critical review of applied thermal treatment methods for Co-Cr alloys used in dentistry.
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Tuna SH, Karaca E, Aslan İ, Pekkan G, Pekmez NÖ. Evaluation of corrosion resistance of Co-Cr alloys fabricated with different metal laser sintering systems. J Adv Prosthodont 2020; 12:114-123. [PMID: 32601530 PMCID: PMC7314628 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2020.12.3.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the specimens produced by five different commercial metal laser sintering (MLS) systems with their recommended Co-Cr alloy powders. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MLS machines and the alloy powders used were, ProX 100-ST2724G (St-Pro), Mysint 100-EOS SP2 (SP2-Mys), EOSINT 270-EOS SP2 (SP2-EOS), SLM 100-Starbond CoS (SB-SLM), and MLab Cusing-Remanium® Star (RS-MLab), respectively. Eight specimens from each group were prepared. Open circuit potential (Eocp) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements of polished surfaces of the specimens were conducted in a three-electrode cell using a potentiostat-galvanostat in Fusayama-Meyer artificial saliva (AS). Specimens from each group were immersed in AS and de-ionized water for seven days. Eocp, charge transfer resistance (Rct) values, and released ions (µg/cm2 × 7d) in different solutions were determined. The specimen surfaces were observed with SEM/EDS. Results were analyzed statistically. RESULTS Eocp values have shifted to potentials that are more positive over time. Steady-state Eocp values were from high to low as follows, SB-SLM, SP2-Mys, SP2-EOS, RS-MLab, and ST-Pro, respectively. After 60 mins, RS-MLab specimens had the highest Rct value, followed by SP2-Mys, SB-SLM, SP2-EOS, and ST-Pro. In all groups, ion release was higher in AS than that in de-ionized water. CONCLUSION There were small differences among the corrosion resistances of the Co-Cr alloy specimens produced with MLS systems; meanwhile, the corrosion resistances were quite high for all specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Hakan Tuna
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Erhan Karaca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İsmail Aslan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Gürel Pekkan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Nuran Özçiçek Pekmez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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de Castro Girão D, Béreš M, Jardini AL, Filho RM, Silva CC, de Siervo A, Gomes de Abreu HF, Araújo WS. An assessment of biomedical CoCrMo alloy fabricated by direct metal laser sintering technique for implant applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 107:110305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Ni J, Ling H, Zhang S, Wang Z, Peng Z, Benyshek C, Zan R, Miri A, Li Z, Zhang X, Lee J, Lee KJ, Kim HJ, Tebon P, Hoffman T, Dokmeci M, Ashammakhi N, Li X, Khademhosseini A. Three-dimensional printing of metals for biomedical applications. Mater Today Bio 2019; 3:100024. [PMID: 32159151 PMCID: PMC7061633 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2019.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has received great attention in the past decades in both academia and industry because of its advantages such as customized fabrication, low manufacturing cost, unprecedented capability for complex geometry, and short fabrication period. 3D printing of metals with controllable structures represents a state-of-the-art technology that enables the development of metallic implants for biomedical applications. This review discusses currently existing 3D printing techniques and their applications in developing metallic medical implants and devices. Perspective about the current challenges and future directions for development of this technology is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Ni
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - H. Ling
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - S. Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Z. Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Z. Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, PR China
| | - C. Benyshek
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - R. Zan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - A.K. Miri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Z. Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - X. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - J. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - K.-J. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - H.-J. Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - P. Tebon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - T. Hoffman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - M.R. Dokmeci
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - N. Ashammakhi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - X. Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - A. Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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The Effect of Specific Energy Density on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of CoCrMo Alloy Fabricated by Laser Metal Deposition. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12081321. [PMID: 31018539 PMCID: PMC6515422 DOI: 10.3390/ma12081321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
With the development of modern medical implants, there are significantly increasing demands for personalized prosthesis. Corrosion-resistance and dense cobalt alloy specimens have been successfully fabricated by laser metal deposition. The relationship between specific energy density, microstructure and corrosion resistance of the specimens is investigated. The results show that higher specific energy density promotes the formation of columnar grain and leads to coarse grain size. The evolution and distribution of deposited microstructure from bottom to top are summarized in a metallographic sketch. The corrosion current of deposited specimens increases from 2.071 × 10−6 A/cm2 to 6.86 × 10−5 A/cm2 and rapidly drops to 9.88 × 10−7 A/cm2 with increase of specific energy density from 318.8 J/g to 2752.3 J/g. The columnar and equiaxed structure of deposited specimens have lower corrosion current than mixed structure due to finer grain and less Mo segregation. The deposited have low level metal released because of passive film. The passive film have different formation routes in Hank’s solution and acidic saliva. The specific energy density has an important effect on the microstructure of deposited, which improves corrosion resistance and life span in implant.
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16
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Microstructure of a V-Containing Cobalt Based Alloy Prepared by Mechanical Alloying and Hot Pressed Sintering. METALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/met9040464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a bulk V-containing cobalt-based alloy with high chromium and tungsten contents was prepared by mechanical alloying and hot pressed sintering using Co, Cr, W, Ni, V and C pure element powders. XRD, SEM, TEM and Vickers hardness tests were employed to characterize the microstructure and mechanical properties of the mechanical alloyed powders and hot pressed bulk cobalt-based alloy. The results show that all elements can be mixed uniformly and that the Co, Cr, and Ni elements were made into an amorphous state after 10 h ball milling in a high energy ball miller. The microstructure of the prepared bulk alloy was composed of a γ-Co matrix with a large number of nano-twins and fine M23C6 and M12C carbide particles well-distributed in the alloy. The V element was mainly distributed in M23C6-type carbide and no V-rich MC-type carbide was found in the microstructure. The prepared alloy had a high hardness of 960 ± 9.2 HV and good a fracture toughness KIc of about 10.5 ± 0.46 MPa·m1/2. The microstructure formation and strengthening mechanisms of the prepared cobalt-based alloy are discussed.
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17
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Morphological Development of Sub-Grain Cellular/Bands Microstructures in Selective Laser Melting. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12081204. [PMID: 31013811 PMCID: PMC6515383 DOI: 10.3390/ma12081204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, single-layer and bulk 316 L selective laser melting (SLM) experiments were conducted, fine submicron-scale geometric symmetrical cellular (hexagonal, pentagonal and square), elongated cellular and bands solidification morphologies were found in the laser-melt top surface. Meanwhile, morphological developed sub-grain patterns with quasi-hexagonal cellular, elongated cellular and bands structures (size ~1 μm) coexisting inside one single macro-solidified grain were also identified. This demonstrated the transitions from quasi-hexagonal-cells to elongated cells/bands, and transitions reverse, occurred in the whole bulk under some circumstances during SLM. Based on the experimental realities, these morphologies are formed by the local convection and Bénard instabilities in front of the solid/liquid interface (so-called mushy zones) affected by intricate temperature and surface tension gradients. Quasi-hexagonal cellular convective fields are then superimposed on macro-grain solidification to form the sub-grain patterns and micro-segregations. This explanation seems reasonable and is unifying as it can be expanded to other eutectic alloys with face center cubic (FCC) prevenient phase prepared by SLM, e.g., the Al-Si and Co-Cr-Mo systems.
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18
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Qin P, Chen Y, Liu YJ, Zhang J, Chen LY, Li Y, Zhang X, Cao C, Sun H, Zhang LC. Resemblance in Corrosion Behavior of Selective Laser Melted and Traditional Monolithic β Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn Alloy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:1141-1149. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qin
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Yang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Material Protection and Advanced Material in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yu-Jing Liu
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Junxi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Material Protection and Advanced Material in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Liang-Yu Chen
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia 6027, Australia
- School of Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Chongde Cao
- Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Hongqi Sun
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Lai-Chang Zhang
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia 6027, Australia
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19
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Ucar Y, Ekren O. Effect of layered manufacturing techniques, alloy powders, and layer thickness on mechanical properties of Co-Cr dental alloys. J Prosthet Dent 2018; 120:762-770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Xu X, Lu Y, Li S, Guo S, He M, Luo K, Lin J. Copper-modified Ti6Al4V alloy fabricated by selective laser melting with pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties for potential guided bone regeneration applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 90:198-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Xu X, Lu Y, Yang X, Du Z, Zhou L, Li S, Chen C, Luo K, Lin J. Copper-Modified Ti6Al4 V Suppresses Inflammatory Response and Osteoclastogenesis while Enhancing Extracellular Matrix Formation for Osteoporotic Bone Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3364-3373. [PMID: 33435071 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Copper has been reported to promote bone regeneration by increasing osteogenesis and decreasing inflammation and osteoclastogenesis. However, information on the effects of copper on osteoporotic cells involved in bone regeneration is scarce in the literature. In the current study, Ti6Al4 V-6 wt %Cu (Ti6Al4 V-Cu) was fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) technology, and the effects of copper on the behaviors of osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic macrophages, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts were evaluated by comparison with Ti6Al4 V. Our results showed that Ti6Al4 V-Cu inhibited the activation, viability, and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion of osteoporotic macrophages and decreased osteoclast formation and down-regulated osteoclast differentiation-related genes and proteins of osteoporotic osteoclasts. Furthermore, the bone extracellular matrix formation of osteoporotic osteoblasts was up-regulated by Ti6Al4 V-Cu. In conclusion, SLM-fabricated Ti6Al4 V-Cu exhibited excellent anti-inflammation and antiosteoclast capability, optimized extracellular matrix formation, and holds great potential for bone regeneration in osteoporotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongcheng Xu
- Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yangqiao Zhong Road, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yanjin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 1000049, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yangqiao Zhong Road, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhibin Du
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove Campus, Brisbane, 4059 Queensland, Australia
| | - Ling Zhou
- Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yangqiao Zhong Road, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuman Li
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Provincial Geriatric Hospital, 147 Beihuan Zhong Road, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yangqiao Zhong Road, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yangqiao Zhong Road, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jinxin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou 350002, China
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22
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Qin P, Liu Y, Sercombe TB, Li Y, Zhang C, Cao C, Sun H, Zhang LC. Improved Corrosion Resistance on Selective Laser Melting Produced Ti-5Cu Alloy after Heat Treatment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2633-2642. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qin
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Yujing Liu
- School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Timothy B. Sercombe
- School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Yuhua Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Chuanwei Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Chongde Cao
- Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen and Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Hongqi Sun
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Lai-Chang Zhang
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia 6027, Australia
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Harun W, Kamariah M, Muhamad N, Ghani S, Ahmad F, Mohamed Z. A review of powder additive manufacturing processes for metallic biomaterials. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Lu Y, Ren L, Xu X, Yang Y, Wu S, Luo J, Yang M, Liu L, Zhuang D, Yang K, Lin J. Effect of Cu on microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and cytotoxicity of CoCrW alloy fabricated by selective laser melting. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 81:130-141. [PMID: 29510340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the study, CoCrWCu alloys with differing Cu content (2, 3, 4 wt%) were prepared by selective laser melting using mixture powders consisting of CoCrW and Cu, aiming at investigating the effect of Cu on the microstructures, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior and cytotoxicity. The SEM observations indicated that the Cu content up to 3 wt% caused the Si-rich precipitates to segregate along grain boundaries and in the grains, and EBSD analysis suggested that the Cu addition decreased the recrystallization degree and increased the grain diameter and fraction of big grains. The tensile tests found that the increasing Cu content led to a decrease of mechanical properties compared with Cu-free CoCrW alloy. The electrochemical tests revealed that the addition of Cu shifted the corrosion potential toward nobler positive, but increased the corrosion current density. Also, a more protective passive film was formed when 2 wt% Cu content was added, but the higher Cu content up to 3 wt% was detrimental to the corrosion resistance. It was noted that there was no cytotoxicity for Cu-bearing CoCrW alloys to MG-63 cell and the cells could spread well on the surfaces of studied alloys. Meanwhile, the Cu-bearing CoCrW alloy exhibited an excellent antibacterial performance against E.coli when Cu content was up to 3 wt%. It is suggested that the feasible fabrication of Cu-bearing CoCrW alloy by SLM using mixed CoCrW and Cu powders is a promising candidate for use in antibacterial oral repair products. This current study also can aid in the further design of antibacterial Cu-containing CoCrW alloying powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Rd West, Fuzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ling Ren
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Rd, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xiongcheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Rd West, Fuzhou, China
| | - Songquan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Rd West, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiasi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Rd West, Fuzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingyu Yang
- Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, China
| | - Danhong Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Rd, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinxin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Rd West, Fuzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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25
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CoCrWCu alloy with antibacterial activity fabricated by selective laser melting: Densification, mechanical properties and microstructural analysis. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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27
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Preliminary study on the corrosion resistance, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of selective-laser-melted Ti6Al4V- x Cu alloys. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 72:631-640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Tensile Properties of Al-12Si Fabricated via Selective Laser Melting (SLM) at Different Temperatures. TECHNOLOGIES 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/technologies4040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Barazanchi A, Li KC, Al-Amleh B, Lyons K, Waddell JN. Additive Technology: Update on Current Materials and Applications in Dentistry. J Prosthodont 2016; 26:156-163. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Barazanchi
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Kai Chun Li
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Basil Al-Amleh
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Karl Lyons
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - J. Neil Waddell
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
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30
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Mengucci P, Barucca G, Gatto A, Bassoli E, Denti L, Fiori F, Girardin E, Bastianoni P, Rutkowski B, Czyrska-Filemonowicz A. Effects of thermal treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties of a Co–Cr–Mo–W biomedical alloy produced by laser sintering. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 60:106-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Andrei M, Galateanu B, Hudita A, Costache M, Osiceanu P, Calderon Moreno JM, Drob SI, Demetrescu I. Electrochemical comparison and biological performance of a new CoCrNbMoZr alloy with commercial CoCrMo alloy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 59:346-355. [PMID: 26652383 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A new CoCrNbMoZr alloy, with Nb and Zr content is characterized from the point of view of surface features, corrosion resistance and biological performance in order to be proposed as dental restorative material. Its properties are discussed in comparison with commercial Heraenium CE alloy based on Co, Cr and Mo as well. The microstructure of both alloys was revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composition and thickness of the alloy native passive films were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface characteristics were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle techniques. The quantity of ions released from alloys in artificial saliva was evaluated with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) measurements. The electrochemical stability was studied in artificial Carter-Brugirard saliva, performing open circuit potentials, polarization resistances and corrosion currents and rates. The biological performance of the new alloy was tested in vitro in terms of human adipose stem cells (hASCs) morphology, viability and proliferation status. The new alloy is very resistant to the attack of the aggressive ions from the artificial saliva. The surface properties, the roughness and wettabiliy sustain the cell behavior. The comparison of the new alloy behavior with that of existing commercial CoCrMo alloy showed the superior properties of the new metallic biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Andrei
- Department of General Chemistry, University Politehnica Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - B Galateanu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 050095, Romania; Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - A Hudita
- Department of General Chemistry, University Politehnica Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - M Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 050095, Romania
| | - P Osiceanu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry "Ilie Murgulescu" of Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - J M Calderon Moreno
- Institute of Physical Chemistry "Ilie Murgulescu" of Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - S I Drob
- Institute of Physical Chemistry "Ilie Murgulescu" of Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - I Demetrescu
- Department of General Chemistry, University Politehnica Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
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Lu Y, Wu S, Gan Y, Zhang S, Guo S, Lin J, Lin J. Microstructure, mechanical property and metal release of As-SLM CoCrW alloy under different solution treatment conditions. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 55:179-190. [PMID: 26590910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the study, the microstructure, mechanical property and metal release behavior of selective laser melted CoCrW alloys under different solution treatment conditions were systemically investigated to assess their potential use in orthopedic implants. The effects of the solution treatment on the microstructure, mechanical properties and metal release were systematically studied by OM, SEM, XRD, tensile test, and ICP-AES, respectively. The XRD indicated that during the solution treatment the alloy underwent the transformation of γ-fcc to ε-hcp phase; the ε-hcp phase nearly dominated in the alloy when treated at 1200°C following the water quenching; the results from OM, SEM showed that the microstructural change was occurred under different solution treatments; solution at 1150°C with furnace cooling contributed to the formation of larger precipitates at the grain boundary regions, while the size and number of the precipitates was decreased as heated above 1100°C with the water quenching; moreover, the diamond-like structure was invisible at higher solution temperature over 1150°C following water quenching; compared with the furnace cooling, the alloy quenched by water showed excellent mechanical properties and low amount of metal release; as the alloy heated at 1200°C, the mechanical properties of the alloy reached their optimum combination at UTS=1113.6MPa, 0.2%YS=639.5MPa, and E%=20.1%, whilst showed the lower total quantity of metal release. It is suggested that a proper solution treatment is an efficient strategy for improving the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of As-SLM CoCrW alloy that show acceptable tensile ductility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Songquan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yiliang Gan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Sai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Junjie Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Jinxin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
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