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Smith JA, Basgul C, Mohammadlou BS, Allen M, Kurtz SM. Investigating the Feasibility and Performance of Hybrid Overmolded UHMWPE 3D-Printed PEEK Structural Composites for Orthopedic Implant Applications: A Pilot Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:616. [PMID: 38927852 PMCID: PMC11201260 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11060616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) components for orthopedic implants have historically been integrated into metal backings by direct-compression molding (DCM). However, metal backings are costly, stiffer than cortical bone, and may be associated with medical imaging distortion and metal release. Hybrid-manufactured DCM UHMWPE overmolded additively manufactured polyetheretherketone (PEEK) structural components could offer an alternative solution, but are yet to be explored. In this study, five different porous topologies (grid, triangular, honeycomb, octahedral, and gyroid) and three surface feature sizes (low, medium, and high) were implemented into the top surface of digital cylindrical specimens prior to being 3D printed in PEEK and then overmolded with UHMWPE. Separation forces were recorded as 1.97-3.86 kN, therefore matching and bettering the historical industry values (2-3 kN) recorded for DCM UHMWPE metal components. Infill topology affected failure mechanism (Type 1 or 2) and obtained separation forces, with shapes having greater sidewall numbers (honeycomb-60%) and interconnectivity (gyroid-30%) through their builds, tolerating higher transmitted forces. Surface feature size also had an impact on applied load, whereby those with low infill-%s generally recorded lower levels of performance vs. medium and high infill strategies. These preliminary findings suggest that hybrid-manufactured structural composites could replace metal backings and produce orthopedic implants with high-performing polymer-polymer interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Smith
- Implant Research Core, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.B.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Cemile Basgul
- Implant Research Core, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.B.); (S.M.K.)
| | | | | | - Steven M. Kurtz
- Implant Research Core, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.B.); (S.M.K.)
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2
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Chen M, Jiang Z, Zou X, You X, Cai Z, Huang J. Advancements in tissue engineering for articular cartilage regeneration. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25400. [PMID: 38352769 PMCID: PMC10862692 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage injury is a prevalent clinical condition resulting from trauma, tumors, infection, osteoarthritis, and other factors. The intrinsic lack of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels within cartilage tissue severely limits its self-regenerative capacity after injury. Current treatment options, such as conservative drug therapy and joint replacement, have inherent limitations. Achieving perfect regeneration and repair of articular cartilage remains an ongoing challenge in the field of regenerative medicine. Tissue engineering has emerged as a key focus in articular cartilage injury research, aiming to utilize cultured and expanded tissue cells combined with suitable scaffold materials to create viable, functional tissues. This review article encompasses the latest advancements in seed cells, scaffolds, and cytokines. Additionally, the role of stimulatory factors including cytokines and growth factors, genetic engineering techniques, biophysical stimulation, and bioreactor systems, as well as the role of scaffolding materials including natural scaffolds, synthetic scaffolds, and nanostructured scaffolds in the regeneration of cartilage tissues are discussed. Finally, we also outline the signaling pathways involved in cartilage regeneration. Our review provides valuable insights for scholars to address the complex problem of cartilage regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maohua Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiuyuan Zou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobo You
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinming Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Wang X, Liu C, Liu C, Shi Z, Huang F. Development of alginate macroporous hydrogels using sacrificial CaCO 3 particles for enhanced hemostasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129141. [PMID: 38176504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric hydrogels have increasingly garnered attention in the field of hemostasis. However, there remains a lack of targeted development and evaluation of non-dense polymeric hydrogels with physically incorporated pores to enhance hemostasis. Here, we present a facile route to macroporous alginate hydrogels using acid-induced CaCO3 dissolution to provide Ca2+ for alginate gelation and CO2 bubbles for subsequent macropore formation. The as-prepared pore structure in the hydrogels and its formation mechanisms were characterized through microscopic imaging and nitrogen adsorption/desorption tests. Functional analyses revealed that the macroporous hydrogels exhibited improved rheology, blood absorption, coagulation factor delivery, and platelet aggregation. Ultimately, the introduction of pores significantly enhanced the hemostatic effectiveness of alginate hydrogels in vivo, as demonstrated in rat tail amputation and liver injury models, leading to a reduction in blood loss of up to 77 % or a decrease in bleeding time of up to 88 %. Notably, hydrogels with higher porosity achieved with a CaCO3 to alginate ratio of 40 % outperformed those with lower porosity in the aforementioned properties. Furthermore, these improvements were found to be biocompatible and elicited minimal inflammation. Our findings underscore the potential of a simple porous hydrogel design to enhance hemostasis efficacy by physically incorporating macropores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Chengkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Zhuang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China.
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Foudazi R, Zowada R, Manas-Zloczower I, Feke DL. Porous Hydrogels: Present Challenges and Future Opportunities. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:2092-2111. [PMID: 36719086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this feature article, we critically review the physical properties of porous hydrogels and their production methods. Our main focus is nondense hydrogels that have physical pores besides the space available between adjacent cross-links in the polymer network. After reviewing theories on the kinetics of swelling, equilibrium swelling, the structure-stiffness relationship, and solute diffusion in dense hydrogels, we propose future directions to develop models for porous hydrogels. The aim is to show how porous hydrogels can be designed and produced for studies leading to the modeling of physical properties. Additionally, different methods that are used for making hydrogels with physically incorporated pores are briefly reviewed while discussing the potentials, challenges, and future directions for each method. Among kinetic methods, we discuss bubble generation approaches including reactions, gas injection, phase separation, electrospinning, and freeze-drying. Templating approaches discussed are solid-phase, self-assembled amphiphiles, emulsion, and foam methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Foudazi
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma73069, United States
| | - Ryan Zowada
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico88003, United States
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Rosellini E, Cascone MG. Microfluidic Fabrication of Natural Polymer-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Review. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010074. [PMID: 36810405 PMCID: PMC9944883 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers, thanks to their intrinsic biocompatibility and biomimicry, have been largely investigated as scaffold materials for tissue engineering applications. Traditional scaffold fabrication methods present several limitations, such as the use of organic solvents, the obtainment of a non-homogeneous structure, the variability in pore size and the lack of pore interconnectivity. These drawbacks can be overcome using innovative and more advanced production techniques based on the use of microfluidic platforms. Droplet microfluidics and microfluidic spinning techniques have recently found applications in the field of tissue engineering to produce microparticles and microfibers that can be used as scaffolds or as building blocks for three-dimensional structures. Compared to standard fabrication technologies, microfluidics-based ones offer several advantages, such as the possibility of obtaining particles and fibers with uniform dimensions. Thus, scaffolds with extremely precise geometry, pore distribution, pore interconnectivity and a uniform pores size can be obtained. Microfluidics can also represent a cheaper manufacturing technique. In this review, the microfluidic fabrication of microparticles, microfibers and three-dimensional scaffolds based on natural polymers will be illustrated. An overview of their applications in different tissue engineering fields will also be provided.
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Rojek K, Ćwiklińska M, Kuczak J, Guzowski J. Microfluidic Formulation of Topological Hydrogels for Microtissue Engineering. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16839-16909. [PMID: 36108106 PMCID: PMC9706502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics has recently emerged as a powerful tool in generation of submillimeter-sized cell aggregates capable of performing tissue-specific functions, so-called microtissues, for applications in drug testing, regenerative medicine, and cell therapies. In this work, we review the most recent advances in the field, with particular focus on the formulation of cell-encapsulating microgels of small "dimensionalities": "0D" (particles), "1D" (fibers), "2D" (sheets), etc., and with nontrivial internal topologies, typically consisting of multiple compartments loaded with different types of cells and/or biopolymers. Such structures, which we refer to as topological hydrogels or topological microgels (examples including core-shell or Janus microbeads and microfibers, hollow or porous microstructures, or granular hydrogels) can be precisely tailored with high reproducibility and throughput by using microfluidics and used to provide controlled "initial conditions" for cell proliferation and maturation into functional tissue-like microstructures. Microfluidic methods of formulation of topological biomaterials have enabled significant progress in engineering of miniature tissues and organs, such as pancreas, liver, muscle, bone, heart, neural tissue, or vasculature, as well as in fabrication of tailored microenvironments for stem-cell expansion and differentiation, or in cancer modeling, including generation of vascularized tumors for personalized drug testing. We review the available microfluidic fabrication methods by exploiting various cross-linking mechanisms and various routes toward compartmentalization and critically discuss the available tissue-specific applications. Finally, we list the remaining challenges such as simplification of the microfluidic workflow for its widespread use in biomedical research, bench-to-bedside transition including production upscaling, further in vivo validation, generation of more precise organ-like models, as well as incorporation of induced pluripotent stem cells as a step toward clinical applications.
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7
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Andrieux S, Patil M, Jacomine L, Hourlier-Fargette A, Heitkam S, Drenckhan W. Investigating pore-opening in hydrogel foams at the scale of free-standing thin films. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200189. [PMID: 35579423 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the pore connectivity of polymer foams is key for most of their applications, ranging from liquid uptake, mechanics, and acoustic/thermal insulation to tissue engineering. Despite its importance, the scientific phenomena governing the pore-opening processes remain poorly understood, requiring tedious trial-and-error procedures for property optimisation. This lack of understanding is partly explained by the high complexity of the different interrelated, multi-scale processes which take place as the foam transforms from an initially fluid foam into a solid foam. To progress in this field, we take inspiration from long-standing research on liquid foams and thin films to develop model experiments in a microfluidic "Thin Film Pressure Balance". These experiments allow us to investigate isolated thin films under well-controlled environmental conditions reproducing those arising within a foam undergoing cross-linking and drying. Using the example of alginate hydrogel films, we correlate the evolution of isolated thin films undergoing gelation and drying with the evolution of the rheological properties of the same alginate solution in bulk. We introduce the overall approach and use a first set of results to propose a starting point for the phenomenological description of the different types of pore-opening processes and the classification of the resulting pore-opening types. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Andrieux
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - M Patil
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - L Jacomine
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - A Hourlier-Fargette
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - S Heitkam
- Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - W Drenckhan
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
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8
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Hurtado A, Aljabali AAA, Mishra V, Tambuwala MM, Serrano-Aroca Á. Alginate: Enhancement Strategies for Advanced Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094486. [PMID: 35562876 PMCID: PMC9102972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate is an excellent biodegradable and renewable material that is already used for a broad range of industrial applications, including advanced fields, such as biomedicine and bioengineering, due to its excellent biodegradable and biocompatible properties. This biopolymer can be produced from brown algae or a microorganism culture. This review presents the principles, chemical structures, gelation properties, chemical interactions, production, sterilization, purification, types, and alginate-based hydrogels developed so far. We present all of the advanced strategies used to remarkably enhance this biopolymer’s physicochemical and biological characteristics in various forms, such as injectable gels, fibers, films, hydrogels, and scaffolds. Thus, we present here all of the material engineering enhancement approaches achieved so far in this biopolymer in terms of mechanical reinforcement, thermal and electrical performance, wettability, water sorption and diffusion, antimicrobial activity, in vivo and in vitro biological behavior, including toxicity, cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, immunological response, biodegradation, porosity, and its use as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. These improvements to overcome the drawbacks of the alginate biopolymer could exponentially increase the significant number of alginate applications that go from the paper industry to the bioprinting of organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Hurtado
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Alaa A. A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India;
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK;
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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9
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Fu JN, Wang X, Yang M, Chen YR, Zhang JY, Deng RH, Zhang ZN, Yu JK, Yuan FZ. Scaffold-Based Tissue Engineering Strategies for Osteochondral Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:812383. [PMID: 35087809 PMCID: PMC8787149 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.812383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over centuries, several advances have been made in osteochondral (OC) tissue engineering to regenerate more biomimetic tissue. As an essential component of tissue engineering, scaffolds provide structural and functional support for cell growth and differentiation. Numerous scaffold types, such as porous, hydrogel, fibrous, microsphere, metal, composite and decellularized matrix, have been reported and evaluated for OC tissue regeneration in vitro and in vivo, with respective advantages and disadvantages. Unfortunately, due to the inherent complexity of organizational structure and the objective limitations of manufacturing technologies and biomaterials, we have not yet achieved stable and satisfactory effects of OC defects repair. In this review, we summarize the complicated gradients of natural OC tissue and then discuss various osteochondral tissue engineering strategies, focusing on scaffold design with abundant cell resources, material types, fabrication techniques and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Nan Fu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - You-Rong Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Ying Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Hui Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Ning Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Kuo Yu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Zhen Yuan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
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10
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Moreira AC, Fernandes CP, Oliveira MVD, Duailibi MT, Ribeiro AA, Duailibi SE, Kfouri FDÁ, Mantovani IF. The effect of pores and connections geometries on bone ingrowth into titanium scaffolds: an assessment based on 3D microCT images. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34492651 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac246b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In order to support bone tissue regeneration, porous biomaterial implants (scaffolds) must offer chemical and mechanical properties, besides favorable fluid transport. Titanium implants provide these requirements, and depending on their microstructural parameters, the osteointegration process can be stimulated. The pore structure of scaffolds plays an essential role in this process, guiding fluid transport for neo-bone regeneration. The objective of this work was to analyze geometric and morphologic parameters of the porous microstructure of implants and analyze their influences in the bone regeneration process, and then discuss which parameters are the most fundamental. Bone ingrowths into two different sorts of porous titanium implants were analyzed after 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 incubation days in experimental animal models. Measurements were accomplished with x-ray microtomography image analysis from rabbit tibiae, applying a pore-network technique. Taking into account the most favorable pore sizes for neo-bone regeneration, a novel approach was employed to assess the influence of the pore structure on this process: the analyses were carried out considering minimum pore and connection sizes. With this technique, pores and connections were analyzed separately and the influence of connectivity was deeply evaluated. This investigation showed a considerable influence of the size of connections on the permeability parameter and consequently on the neo-bone regeneration. The results indicate that the processing of porous scaffolds must be focused on deliver pore connections that stimulate the transport of fluids throughout the implant to be applied as a bone replacer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Camargo Moreira
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (EMC/PGMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Laboratory of Porous Media and Thermophysical Properties (LMPT), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Celso Peres Fernandes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (EMC/PGMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Laboratory of Porous Media and Thermophysical Properties (LMPT), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marize Varella de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Powder Technology, Division of Materials, National Institute of Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monica Talarico Duailibi
- Tissue Engineering and Biofabrication Lab, Cellular and Molecular Technology Center, Federal University of São Paulo, CTCMol-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Antunes Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Powder Technology, Division of Materials, National Institute of Technology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvio Eduardo Duailibi
- Tissue Engineering and Biofabrication Lab, Cellular and Molecular Technology Center, Federal University of São Paulo, CTCMol-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio de Ávila Kfouri
- Tissue Engineering and Biofabrication Lab, Cellular and Molecular Technology Center, Federal University of São Paulo, CTCMol-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iara Frangiotti Mantovani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (EMC/PGMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Laboratory of Porous Media and Thermophysical Properties (LMPT), Florianópolis, Brazil
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11
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Parisi C, Qin K, Fernandes FM. Colonization versus encapsulation in cell-laden materials design: porosity and process biocompatibility determine cellularization pathways. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20200344. [PMID: 34334019 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seeding materials with living cells has been-and still is-one of the most promising approaches to reproduce the complexity and the functionality of living matter. The strategies to associate living cells with materials are limited to cell encapsulation and colonization, however, the requirements for these two approaches have been seldom discussed systematically. Here we propose a simple two-dimensional map based on materials' pore size and the cytocompatibility of their fabrication process to draw, for the first time, a guide to building cellularized materials. We believe this approach may serve as a straightforward guideline to design new, more relevant materials, able to seize the complexity and the function of biological materials. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bio-derived and bioinspired sustainable advanced materials for emerging technologies (part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Parisi
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Sorbonne Université, UMR7574, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Kankan Qin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Sorbonne Université, UMR7574, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Francisco M Fernandes
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Sorbonne Université, UMR7574, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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12
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Djemaa IB, Auguste S, Drenckhan-Andreatta W, Andrieux S. Hydrogel foams from liquid foam templates: Properties and optimisation. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 294:102478. [PMID: 34280600 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel foams are an important sub-class of macroporous hydrogels. They are commonly obtained by integrating closely-packed gas bubbles of 10-1000 μm into a continuous hydrogel network, leading to gas volume fractions of more than 70% in the wet state and close to 100% in the dried state. The resulting wet or dried three-dimensional architectures provide hydrogel foams with a wide range of useful properties, including very low densities, excellent absorption properties, a large surface-to-volume ratio or tuneable mechanical properties. At the same time, the hydrogel may provide biodegradability, bioabsorption, antifungal or antibacterial activity, or controlled drug delivery. The combination of these properties are increasingly exploited for a wide range of applications, including the biomedical, cosmetic or food sector. The successful formulation of a hydrogel foam from an initially liquid foam template raises many challenging scientific and technical questions at the interface of hydrogel and foam research. Goal of this review is to provide an overview of the key notions which need to be mastered and of the state of the art of this rapidly evolving field at the interface between chemistry and physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ben Djemaa
- Institut Charles Sadron, University of Strasbourg, CNRS UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg, France; Urgo Research Innovation and Development, 42 rue de Longvic, 21304 Chenôve Cedex, France
| | - S Auguste
- Urgo Research Innovation and Development, 42 rue de Longvic, 21304 Chenôve Cedex, France
| | - W Drenckhan-Andreatta
- Institut Charles Sadron, University of Strasbourg, CNRS UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - S Andrieux
- Institut Charles Sadron, University of Strasbourg, CNRS UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg, France.
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13
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Shi F, Duan K, Yang Z, Liu Y, Weng J. Improved cell seeding efficiency and cell distribution in porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds by semi-dynamic method. Cell Tissue Bank 2021; 23:313-324. [PMID: 34251541 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-021-09945-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a promising technique for the repair of bone defects. An efficient and homogeneous distribution of cell seeding into scaffold is a crucial but challenging step in the technique. Murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were seeded into porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds of two morphologies by three methods: static seeding, semi-dynamic seeding, or dynamic perfusion seeding. Seeding efficiency, survival, distribution, and proliferation were quantitatively evaluated. To investigate the performance of the three seeding methods for larger/thicker scaffolds as well as batch seeding of numerous scaffolds, three scaffolds were stacked to form assemblies, and seeding efficiencies and cell distribution were analyzed. The semi-dynamic seeding and static seeding methods produced significantly higher seeding efficiencies, vitalities, and proliferation than did the dynamic perfusion seeding. On the other hand, the semi-dynamic seeding and dynamic perfusion seeding methods resulted in more homogeneous cell distribution than did the static seeding. For stacked scaffold assemblies, the semi-dynamic seeding method also created superior seeding efficiency and longitudinal cell distribution homogeneity. The semi-dynamic seeding method combines the high seeding efficiency of static seeding and satisfactory distribution homogeneity of dynamic seeding while circumventing their disadvantages. It may contribute to improved outcomes of bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shi
- Collaboration and Innovation Center of Tissue Repair Material Engineering Technology, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Duan
- Sichuan Provincial Laboratory of Orthopaedic Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zaijun Yang
- Collaboration and Innovation Center of Tissue Repair Material Engineering Technology, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Collaboration and Innovation Center of Tissue Repair Material Engineering Technology, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China.
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jie Weng
- China Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China.
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14
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Trombino S, Curcio F, Cassano R, Curcio M, Cirillo G, Iemma F. Polymeric Biomaterials for the Treatment of Cardiac Post-Infarction Injuries. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1038. [PMID: 34371729 PMCID: PMC8309168 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac regeneration aims to reconstruct the heart contractile mass, preventing the organ from a progressive functional deterioration, by delivering pro-regenerative cells, drugs, or growth factors to the site of injury. In recent years, scientific research focused the attention on tissue engineering for the regeneration of cardiac infarct tissue, and biomaterials able to anatomically and physiologically adapt to the heart muscle have been proposed as valuable tools for this purpose, providing the cells with the stimuli necessary to initiate a complete regenerative process. An ideal biomaterial for cardiac tissue regeneration should have a positive influence on the biomechanical, biochemical, and biological properties of tissues and cells; perfectly reflect the morphology and functionality of the native myocardium; and be mechanically stable, with a suitable thickness. Among others, engineered hydrogels, three-dimensional polymeric systems made from synthetic and natural biomaterials, have attracted much interest for cardiac post-infarction therapy. In addition, biocompatible nanosystems, and polymeric nanoparticles in particular, have been explored in preclinical studies as drug delivery and tissue engineering platforms for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review focused on the most employed natural and synthetic biomaterials in cardiac regeneration, paying particular attention to the contribution of Italian research groups in this field, the fabrication techniques, and the current status of the clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roberta Cassano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (S.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (F.I.)
| | - Manuela Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (S.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (F.I.)
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15
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Dong X, Heidari A, Mansouri A, Hao WS, Dehghani M, Saber-Samandari S, Toghraie D, Khandan A. Investigation of the mechanical properties of a bony scaffold for comminuted distal radial fractures: Addition of akermanite nanoparticles and using a freeze-drying technique. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 121:104643. [PMID: 34139482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the methods of repairing the damaged bone is the fabrication of porous scaffold using synergic methods like three-dimensional (3D) printing and freeze-drying technology. These techniques improve the damaged and fracture parts rapidly for better healing bone lesions using bioactive ceramic and polymer. This research, due to the need to increase the mechanical strength of 3D bone scaffolds for better mechanical performance. Akermanite bioceramic as a bioactive and calcium silicate bioceramic has been used besides the polymeric component. In this study, the porous scaffolds were designed using solid work with an appropriate porosity with a Gyroid shape. The prepared Gyroid scaffold was printed using a 3D printing machine with Electroconductive Polylactic Acid (EC-PLA) and then coated with a polymeric solution containing various amounts of akermanite bioceramic as reinforcement. The mechanical and biological properties were investigated according to the standard test. The mechanical properties of the porous-coated scaffold showed stress tolerance up to 30 MPa. The maximum strain obtained was 0.0008, the maximum stress was 32 MPa and the maximum displacement was 0.006 mm. Another problem of bone implants is the impossibility of controlling bone cancer and tumor size. To solve this problem, an electroconductive filament containing Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) is used to release heat and control cancer cells. The mechanical feature of the porous scaffold containing 10 wt% akermanite was obtained as the highest stress tolerance of about 32 MPa with 46% porosity. Regarding the components and prepare the bony scaffold, the MNPs release heat when insert into the magnetic field and control the tumor size which helps the treatment of cancer. In general, it can be concluded that the produced porous scaffold using 3D printing and freeze-drying technology can be used to replace broken bones with the 3D printed EC-PLA coated with 10 wt% akermanite bioceramic with sufficient mechanical and biological behavior for the orthopedic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Dong
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Ali Heidari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran
| | - Amin Mansouri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran
| | - Wang Shen Hao
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Mohammad Dehghani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | | | - Davood Toghraie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran
| | - Amirsalar Khandan
- New Technologies Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Tailoring and visualising pore openings in gelatin-based hydrogel foams. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 588:326-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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17
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Menold P, Cölfen H, Stubenrauch C. Mineral plastic foams. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1222-1229. [PMID: 34821915 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe a route to synthesize a mechanically stable, non-flammable poly(acrylic acid)-calcium salt (the so-called mineral plastic) foam whose structure can be tailored. Main steps of the foam synthesis are: (1) foaming of the PAA-containing solution, (2) gelation of the continuous foam phase, and (3) drying of the hydrogel foam. The main challenge was to formulate an aqueous solution with a large amount of poly(acrylic acid), PAA, and calcium to yield a mechanically stable foam. The resulting PAA-based solid foams with pore sizes of around 220 μm can easily be dissolved, i.e. recycled, in an acidic solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Menold
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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18
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Du Z, Jia S, Xiong P, Cai Z. Preparation of protein nanoparticle-coated poly(hydroxybutyrate) electrospun nanofiber based scaffold for biomedical applications. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2021.1876058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textiles Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuwei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textiles Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textiles Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textiles Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
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19
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Fornasari BE, Carta G, Gambarotta G, Raimondo S. Natural-Based Biomaterials for Peripheral Nerve Injury Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:554257. [PMID: 33178670 PMCID: PMC7596179 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.554257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury treatment is a relevant problem because of nerve lesion high incidence and because of unsatisfactory regeneration after severe injuries, thus resulting in a reduced patient's life quality. To repair severe nerve injuries characterized by substance loss and to improve the regeneration outcome at both motor and sensory level, different strategies have been investigated. Although autograft remains the gold standard technique, a growing number of research articles concerning nerve conduit use has been reported in the last years. Nerve conduits aim to overcome autograft disadvantages, but they must satisfy some requirements to be suitable for nerve repair. A universal ideal conduit does not exist, since conduit properties have to be evaluated case by case; nevertheless, because of their high biocompatibility and biodegradability, natural-based biomaterials have great potentiality to be used to produce nerve guides. Although they share many characteristics with synthetic biomaterials, natural-based biomaterials should also be preferable because of their extraction sources; indeed, these biomaterials are obtained from different renewable sources or food waste, thus reducing environmental impact and enhancing sustainability in comparison to synthetic ones. This review reports the strengths and weaknesses of natural-based biomaterials used for manufacturing peripheral nerve conduits, analyzing the interactions between natural-based biomaterials and biological environment. Particular attention was paid to the description of the preclinical outcome of nerve regeneration in injury repaired with the different natural-based conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta E Fornasari
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Carta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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20
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Lim HK, Hong SJ, Byeon SJ, Chung SM, On SW, Yang BE, Lee JH, Byun SH. 3D-Printed Ceramic Bone Scaffolds with Variable Pore Architectures. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186942. [PMID: 32971749 PMCID: PMC7555666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the mechanical properties and bone regeneration ability of 3D-printed pure hydroxyapatite (HA)/tricalcium phosphate (TCP) pure ceramic scaffolds with variable pore architectures. A digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer was used to construct block-type scaffolds containing only HA and TCP after the polymer binder was completely removed by heat treatment. The compressive strength and porosity of the blocks with various structures were measured; scaffolds with different pore sizes were implanted in rabbit calvarial models. The animals were observed for eight weeks, and six animals were euthanized in the fourth and eighth weeks. Then, the specimens were evaluated using radiological and histological analyses. Larger scaffold pore sizes resulted in enhanced bone formation after four weeks (p < 0.05). However, in the eighth week, a correlation between pore size and bone formation was not observed (p > 0.05). The findings showed that various pore architectures of HA/TCP scaffolds can be achieved using DLP 3D printing, which can be a valuable tool for optimizing bone-scaffold properties for specific clinical treatments. As the pore size only influenced bone regeneration in the initial stage, further studies are required for pore-size optimization to balance the initial bone regeneration and mechanical strength of the scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Kyung Lim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea;
| | - Seok-Jin Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Dongtan 18450, Korea;
| | - Sun-Ju Byeon
- Department of Pathology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Dongtan 18450, Korea;
| | | | - Sung-Woon On
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Dongtan 18450, Korea;
- Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
| | - Byoung-Eun Yang
- Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry, Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Soo-Hwan Byun
- Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry, Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-8787-2640
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21
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Amato DN, Amato DV, Sandoz M, Weigand J, Patton DL, Visser CW. Programmable Porous Polymers via Direct Bubble Writing with Surfactant-Free Inks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:42048-42055. [PMID: 32805865 PMCID: PMC7503514 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of macroporous polymers with functionally graded architecture or chemistry bears transformative potential in acoustic damping, energy storage materials, flexible electronics, and filtration but is hardly reachable with current processes. Here, we introduce thiol-ene chemistries in direct bubble writing, a recent technique for additive manufacturing of foams with locally controlled cell size, density, and macroscopic shape. Surfactant-free and solvent-free graded three-dimensional (3D) foams without drying-induced shrinkage were fabricated by direct bubble writing at an unparalleled ink viscosity of 410 cP (40 times higher than previous formulations). Functionalities including shape memory, high glass transition temperatures (>25 °C), and chemical gradients were demonstrated. These results extend direct bubble writing from aqueous inks to nonaqueous formulations at high liquid flow rates (3 mL min-1). Altogether, direct bubble writing with thiol-ene inks promises rapid one-step fabrication of functional materials with locally controlled gradients in the chemical, mechanical, and architectural domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia N. Amato
- School of Polymer
Science and Engineering, University of Southern
Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Douglas V. Amato
- School of Polymer
Science and Engineering, University of Southern
Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Michael Sandoz
- School of Polymer
Science and Engineering, University of Southern
Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Jeremy Weigand
- School of Polymer
Science and Engineering, University of Southern
Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Derek L. Patton
- School of Polymer
Science and Engineering, University of Southern
Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Claas Willem Visser
- Engineering Fluid Dynamics Group, Thermal
and Fluid Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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22
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Kastania G, Campbell J, Mitford J, Volodkin D. Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Capsule (PEMC)-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E797. [PMID: 32842692 PMCID: PMC7570195 DOI: 10.3390/mi11090797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is a highly multidisciplinary field that focuses on novel regenerative treatments and seeks to tackle problems relating to tissue growth both in vitro and in vivo. These issues currently involve the replacement and regeneration of defective tissues, as well as drug testing and other related bioapplications. The key approach in TE is to employ artificial structures (scaffolds) to support tissue development; these constructs should be capable of hosting, protecting and releasing bioactives that guide cellular behaviour. A straightforward approach to integrating bioactives into the scaffolds is discussed utilising polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules (PEMCs). Herein, this review illustrates the recent progress in the use of CaCO3 vaterite-templated PEMCs for the fabrication of functional scaffolds for TE applications, including bone TE as one of the main targets of PEMCs. Approaches for PEMC integration into scaffolds is addressed, taking into account the formulation, advantages, and disadvantages of such PEMCs, together with future perspectives of such architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dmitry Volodkin
- School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (G.K.); (J.C.); (J.M.)
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23
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Zhao P, Wang J, Li Y, Wang X, Chen C, Liu G. Microfluidic Technology for the Production of Well-Ordered Porous Polymer Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1863. [PMID: 32825098 PMCID: PMC7564514 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in tissue engineering (TE) have revealed that porosity architectures, such as pore shape, pore size and pore interconnectivity are the key morphological properties of scaffolds. Well-ordered porous polymer scaffolds, which have uniform pore size, regular geometric shape, high porosity and good pore interconnectivity, facilitate the loading and distribution of active biomolecules, as well as cell adhesion, proliferation and migration. However, these are difficult to prepare by traditional methods and the existing well-ordered porous scaffold preparation methods require expensive experimental equipment or cumbersome preparation steps. Generally, droplet-based microfluidics, which generates and manipulates discrete droplets through immiscible multiphase flows inside microchannels, has emerged as a versatile tool for generation of well-ordered porous materials. This short review details this novel method and the latest developments in well-ordered porous scaffold preparation via microfluidic technology. The pore structure and properties of microfluidic scaffolds are discussed in depth, laying the foundation for further research and application in TE. Furthermore, we outline the bottlenecks and future developments in this particular field, and a brief outlook on the future development of microfluidic technique for scaffold fabrication is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhao
- Energy Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (G.L.)
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jianchun Wang
- Energy Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (G.L.)
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yan Li
- Energy Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (G.L.)
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China;
| | - Chengmin Chen
- Energy Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (G.L.)
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Guangxia Liu
- Energy Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (G.L.)
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
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24
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Zowada R, Foudazi R. Polyfoam: Foam-Templated Microcellular Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:7868-7878. [PMID: 32545967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templating has been developed as a robust method for the synthesis of porous polymers with designed porosity and void size. However, it has low starting material efficiency, requiring the removal of over 74% of the starting material to form interconnected porous structures. Foam templating methods attempt to resolve this issue by replacing the internal liquid phase with a gas phase. The current challenge for foam templating is to reach small void sizes (<100 μm), especially when using free-radical polymerization. We use a rapid gas dispersion method to form foam-templated hydrogels, which is an energy-effective method in comparison to the typical HIPE templating approach. We report hydrogels with an average void diameter of 63 μm at 70% porosity. The morphology and properties of foam-templated hydrogels are evaluated to show comparability to the HIPE-templated hydrogels of the same material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Zowada
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - Reza Foudazi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
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25
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Kim JW, Yang BE, Hong SJ, Choi HG, Byeon SJ, Lim HK, Chung SM, Lee JH, Byun SH. Bone Regeneration Capability of 3D Printed Ceramic Scaffolds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144837. [PMID: 32650589 PMCID: PMC7402304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the bone regenerative capability of a customizable hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffold using a digital light processing (DLP)-type 3D printing system. Twelve healthy adult male beagle dogs were the study subjects. A total of 48 defects were created, with two defects on each side of the mandible in all the dogs. The defect sites in the negative control group (sixteen defects) were left untreated (the NS group), whereas those in the positive control group (sixteen defects) were filled with a particle-type substitute (the PS group). The defect sites in the experimental groups (sixteen defects) were filled with a 3D printed substitute (the 3DS group). Six dogs each were exterminated after healing periods of 4 and 8 weeks. Radiological and histomorphometrical evaluations were then performed. None of the groups showed any specific problems. In radiological evaluation, there was a significant difference in the amount of new bone formation after 4 weeks (p < 0.05) between the PS and 3DS groups. For both of the evaluations, the difference in the total amount of bone after 8 weeks was statistically significant (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in new bone between the PS and 3DS groups in both evaluations after 8 weeks (p > 0.05). The proposed HA/TCP scaffold without polymers, obtained using the DLP-type 3D printing system, can be applied for bone regeneration. The 3D printing of a HA/TCP scaffold without polymers can be used for fabricating customized bone grafting substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Won Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry, Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea; (J.-W.K.); (B.-E.Y.)
- Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Byoung-Eun Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry, Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea; (J.-W.K.); (B.-E.Y.)
- Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Dongtan 18450, Korea;
| | - Hyo-Geun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea;
| | - Sun-Ju Byeon
- Department of Pathology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Dongtan 18450, Korea;
| | - Ho-Kyung Lim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea;
| | | | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Soo-Hwan Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry, Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea; (J.-W.K.); (B.-E.Y.)
- Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-8787-2640
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26
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Lutzweiler G, Ndreu Halili A, Engin Vrana N. The Overview of Porous, Bioactive Scaffolds as Instructive Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration and Their Clinical Translation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E602. [PMID: 32610440 PMCID: PMC7407612 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous scaffolds have been employed for decades in the biomedical field where researchers have been seeking to produce an environment which could approach one of the extracellular matrixes supporting cells in natural tissues. Such three-dimensional systems offer many degrees of freedom to modulate cell activity, ranging from the chemistry of the structure and the architectural properties such as the porosity, the pore, and interconnection size. All these features can be exploited synergistically to tailor the cell-material interactions, and further, the tissue growth within the voids of the scaffold. Herein, an overview of the materials employed to generate porous scaffolds as well as the various techniques that are used to process them is supplied. Furthermore, scaffold parameters which modulate cell behavior are identified under distinct aspects: the architecture of inert scaffolds (i.e., pore and interconnection size, porosity, mechanical properties, etc.) alone on cell functions followed by comparison with bioactive scaffolds to grasp the most relevant features driving tissue regeneration. Finally, in vivo outcomes are highlighted comparing the accordance between in vitro and in vivo results in order to tackle the future translational challenges in tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Lutzweiler
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, UMR_S 1121, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg CEDEX, France
| | - Albana Ndreu Halili
- Department of Information Technology, Aleksander Moisiu University, 2001 Durres, Albania;
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Palmroth A, Pitkänen S, Hannula M, Paakinaho K, Hyttinen J, Miettinen S, Kellomäki M. Evaluation of scaffold microstructure and comparison of cell seeding methods using micro-computed tomography-based tools. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200102. [PMID: 32228403 PMCID: PMC7211473 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) provides a means to analyse and model three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering scaffolds. This study proposes a set of micro-CT-based tools firstly for evaluating the microstructure of scaffolds and secondly for comparing different cell seeding methods. The pore size, porosity and pore interconnectivity of supercritical CO2 processed poly(l-lactide-co-ɛ-caprolactone) (PLCL) and PLCL/β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds were analysed using computational micro-CT models. The models were supplemented with an experimental method, where iron-labelled microspheres were seeded into the scaffolds and micro-CT imaged to assess their infiltration into the scaffolds. After examining the scaffold architecture, human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) were seeded into the scaffolds using five different cell seeding methods. Cell viability, number and 3D distribution were evaluated. The distribution of the cells was analysed using micro-CT by labelling the hASCs with ultrasmall paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Among the tested seeding methods, a forced fluid flow-based technique resulted in an enhanced cell infiltration throughout the scaffolds compared with static seeding. The current study provides an excellent set of tools for the development of scaffolds and for the design of 3D cell culture experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi Palmroth
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sanna Pitkänen
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Hannula
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kaarlo Paakinaho
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Orton Orthopaedic Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Hyttinen
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Susanna Miettinen
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Kellomäki
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland
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Lutzweiler G, Farago J, Oliveira E, Jacomine L, Erverdi O, Vrana NE, Testouri A, Schaaf P, Drenckhan W. Validation of Milner's visco-elastic theory of sintering for the generation of porous polymers with finely tuned morphology. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:1810-1824. [PMID: 31970376 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01991j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sacrificial sphere templating has become a method of choice to generate macro-porous materials with well-defined, interconnected pores. For this purpose, the interstices of a sphere packing are filled with a solidifying matrix, from which the spheres are subsequently removed to obtain interconnected voids. In order to control the size of the interconnections, viscous sintering of the initial sphere template has proven a reliable approach. To predict how the interconnections evolve with different sintering parameters, such as time or temperature, Frenkel's model has been used with reasonable success over the last 70 years. However, numerous investigations have shown that the often complex flow behaviour of the spheres needs to be taken into account. To this end, S. Milner [arXiv:1907.05862] developed recently a theoretical model which improves on some key assumptions made in Frenkel's model, leading to a slightly different scaling. He also extended this new model to take into account the visco-elastic response of the spheres. Using an in-depth investigation of templates of paraffin spheres, we provide here the first systematic comparison with Milner's theory. Firstly, we show that his new scaling describes the experimental data slightly better than Frenkel's scaling. We then show that the visco-elastic version of his model provides a significantly improved description of the data over a wide parameter range. We finally use the obtained sphere templates to produce macro-porous polyurethanes with finely controlled pore and interconnection sizes. The general applicability of Milner's theory makes it transferable to a wide range of formulations, provided the flow properties of the sphere material can be quantified. It therefore provides a powerful tool to guide the creation of sphere packings and porous materials with finely controlled morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Lutzweiler
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, UMR_S 1121, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France. and Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS UPR22 - University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67034, France.
| | - Jean Farago
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS UPR22 - University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67034, France.
| | - Emeline Oliveira
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS UPR22 - University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67034, France.
| | - Léandro Jacomine
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS UPR22 - University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67034, France.
| | - Ozan Erverdi
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS UPR22 - University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67034, France.
| | | | - Aouatef Testouri
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS UPR22 - University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67034, France.
| | - Pierre Schaaf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, UMR_S 1121, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France. and Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS UPR22 - University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67034, France.
| | - Wiebke Drenckhan
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS UPR22 - University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67034, France.
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Carballido L, Dabrowski ML, Dehli F, Koch L, Stubenrauch C. Monodisperse liquid foams via membrane foaming. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 568:46-53. [PMID: 32078937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS It is possible to generate fairly monodisperse liquid foams by a dispersion cell, which was originally designed for the generation of fairly monodisperse emulsions. If this is the case, scaling-up the production of monodisperse liquid and solid foams will be no longer a problem. EXPERIMENTS We used the dispersion cell - a batch process - and examined the influence of stirrer speed, membrane pore diameter and injection rate on the structure of the resulting liquid foams. We used an aqueous surfactant solution as scouting system. Once the experimental conditions were known we generated gelatin-based liquid foams and methacrylate-based foamed emulsions. FINDINGS We found that (a) the bubble size of the generated liquid foams can be adjusted by varying the membrane pore diameter, (b) no stirrer should be used to obtain monodisperse foams, and (c) the bubble size is not influenced by the air injection rate. Since (i) the output for all investigated systems is up to two orders of magnitude larger compared to microfluidics and (ii) the membrane technology can very easily be scaled-up if run in a continuous process, the use of membrane foaming is expected to be heavily used for the generation of monodisperse liquid and solid foams, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carballido
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Friederike Dehli
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lukas Koch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Cosima Stubenrauch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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30
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Zhu L, Luo D, Liu Y. Effect of the nano/microscale structure of biomaterial scaffolds on bone regeneration. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:6. [PMID: 32024822 PMCID: PMC7002518 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-0073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural bone is a mineralized biological material, which serves a supportive and protective framework for the body, stores minerals for metabolism, and produces blood cells nourishing the body. Normally, bone has an innate capacity to heal from damage. However, massive bone defects due to traumatic injury, tumor resection, or congenital diseases pose a great challenge to reconstructive surgery. Scaffold-based tissue engineering (TE) is a promising strategy for bone regenerative medicine, because biomaterial scaffolds show advanced mechanical properties and a good degradation profile, as well as the feasibility of controlled release of growth and differentiation factors or immobilizing them on the material surface. Additionally, the defined structure of biomaterial scaffolds, as a kind of mechanical cue, can influence cell behaviors, modulate local microenvironment and control key features at the molecular and cellular levels. Recently, nano/micro-assisted regenerative medicine becomes a promising application of TE for the reconstruction of bone defects. For this reason, it is necessary for us to have in-depth knowledge of the development of novel nano/micro-based biomaterial scaffolds. Thus, we herein review the hierarchical structure of bone, and the potential application of nano/micro technologies to guide the design of novel biomaterial structures for bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Zhu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of New Energy and Materials, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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Maimouni I, Cejas CM, Cossy J, Tabeling P, Russo M. Microfluidics Mediated Production of Foams for Biomedical Applications. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E83. [PMID: 31940876 PMCID: PMC7019871 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Within the last decade, there has been increasing interest in liquid and solid foams for several industrial uses. In the biomedical field, liquid foams can be used as delivery systems for dermatological treatments, for example, whereas solid foams are frequently used as scaffolds for tissue engineering and drug screening. Most of the foam functionalities are largely correlated to their mechanical properties and their structure, especially bubble/pore size, shape, and interconnectivity. However, the majority of conventional foaming fabrication techniques lack pore size control which can induce important inhomogeneities in the foams and subsequently decrease their performance. In this perspective, new advanced technologies have been introduced, such as microfluidics, which offers a highly controlled production, allowing for design customization of both liquid foams and solid foams obtained through liquid-templating. This short review explores both the fabrication and the characterization of foams, with a focus on solid polymer foams, and sheds the light on how microfluidics can overcome some existing limitations, playing a crucial role in their production for biomedical applications, especially as scaffolds in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham Maimouni
- Microfluidics, MEMS, Nanostructures Laboratory, CNRS Chimie Biologie Innovation (CBI) UMR 8231, Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes (IPGG), ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 6 rue Jean Calvin, 75005 Paris, France; (I.M.); (C.M.C.); (P.T.)
| | - Cesare M. Cejas
- Microfluidics, MEMS, Nanostructures Laboratory, CNRS Chimie Biologie Innovation (CBI) UMR 8231, Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes (IPGG), ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 6 rue Jean Calvin, 75005 Paris, France; (I.M.); (C.M.C.); (P.T.)
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, CEDEX 5, France;
| | - Patrick Tabeling
- Microfluidics, MEMS, Nanostructures Laboratory, CNRS Chimie Biologie Innovation (CBI) UMR 8231, Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes (IPGG), ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 6 rue Jean Calvin, 75005 Paris, France; (I.M.); (C.M.C.); (P.T.)
| | - Maria Russo
- Microfluidics, MEMS, Nanostructures Laboratory, CNRS Chimie Biologie Innovation (CBI) UMR 8231, Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes (IPGG), ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 6 rue Jean Calvin, 75005 Paris, France; (I.M.); (C.M.C.); (P.T.)
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, CEDEX 5, France;
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32
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Dabrowski ML, Jenkins D, Cosgriff-Hernandez E, Stubenrauch C. Methacrylate-based polymer foams with controllable connectivity, pore shape, pore size and polydispersity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 22:155-168. [PMID: 31793935 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03606g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polymer foams are becoming increasingly important in industry, especially biodegradable polymer foams are in demand. Depending on the application, polymer foams need to have characteristic properties, which include connectivity and polydispersity. We show how polymer foams with tailor-made structures can be synthesized from water-in-monomer emulsions which were generated via microfluidics. As monomer we used 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate (1,4-BDDMA). Firstly, we synthesised monodisperse open- and closed-cell poly(1,4-BDDMA) foams with either spherical or hexagonal pore shapes by varying the locus of initiation. Secondly, we were able to control the pore diameters and obtained polymer foams of both connectivities and pore shapes with pore sizes from ∼70 μm up to ∼120 μm by means of one microfluidic chip. Finally, we synthesized poly(1,4-BDDMA) foams with controllable polydispersity. Here, the mean droplet diameter was the same as that of the monodisperse counterparts in order to be able to compare the properties of the resulting polymer foams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Lucia Dabrowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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33
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Costantini M, Jaroszewicz J, Kozoń Ł, Szlązak K, Święszkowski W, Garstecki P, Stubenrauch C, Barbetta A, Guzowski J. 3D‐Printing of Functionally Graded Porous Materials Using On‐Demand Reconfigurable Microfluidics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7620-7625. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Costantini
- Institute of Physical Chemistry—Polish Academy of Sciences Ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 01224 Warsaw Poland
- Warsaw University of TechnologyFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering Ul. Wołoska 141 02507 Warsaw Poland
- University of Rome “La Sapienza”Department of Chemistry P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Jakub Jaroszewicz
- Warsaw University of TechnologyFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering Ul. Wołoska 141 02507 Warsaw Poland
| | - Łukasz Kozoń
- Institute of Physical Chemistry—Polish Academy of Sciences Ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 01224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Karol Szlązak
- Warsaw University of TechnologyFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering Ul. Wołoska 141 02507 Warsaw Poland
| | - Wojciech Święszkowski
- Warsaw University of TechnologyFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering Ul. Wołoska 141 02507 Warsaw Poland
| | - Piotr Garstecki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry—Polish Academy of Sciences Ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 01224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Cosima Stubenrauch
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Andrea Barbetta
- University of Rome “La Sapienza”Department of Chemistry P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Jan Guzowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry—Polish Academy of Sciences Ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 01224 Warsaw Poland
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Sergeeva A, Vikulina AS, Volodkin D. Porous Alginate Scaffolds Assembled Using Vaterite CaCO 3 Crystals. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E357. [PMID: 31146472 PMCID: PMC6630714 DOI: 10.3390/mi10060357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Formulation of multifunctional biopolymer-based scaffolds is one of the major focuses in modern tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Besides proper mechanical/chemical properties, an ideal scaffold should: (i) possess a well-tuned porous internal structure for cell seeding/growth and (ii) host bioactive molecules to be protected against biodegradation and presented to cells when required. Alginate hydrogels were extensively developed to serve as scaffolds, and recent advances in the hydrogel formulation demonstrate their applicability as "ideal" soft scaffolds. This review focuses on advanced porous alginate scaffolds (PAS) fabricated using hard templating on vaterite CaCO3 crystals. These novel tailor-made soft structures can be prepared at physiologically relevant conditions offering a high level of control over their internal structure and high performance for loading/release of bioactive macromolecules. The novel approach to assemble PAS is compared with traditional methods used for fabrication of porous alginate hydrogels. Finally, future perspectives and applications of PAS for advanced cell culture, tissue engineering, and drug testing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Sergeeva
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Anna S Vikulina
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane,Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Dmitry Volodkin
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane,Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
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35
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Dehli F, Rebers L, Stubenrauch C, Southan A. Highly Ordered Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel Foams with Tunable Pore Size. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2666-2674. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Dehli
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lisa Rebers
- Institut für Grenzflächenverfahrenstechnik und Plasmatechnologie, Universität Stuttgart, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Cosima Stubenrauch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexander Southan
- Institut für Grenzflächenverfahrenstechnik und Plasmatechnologie, Universität Stuttgart, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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36
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Costantini M, Jaroszewicz J, Kozoń Ł, Szlązak K, Święszkowski W, Garstecki P, Stubenrauch C, Barbetta A, Guzowski J. 3D‐Printing of Functionally Graded Porous Materials Using On‐Demand Reconfigurable Microfluidics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Costantini
- Institute of Physical Chemistry—Polish Academy of Sciences Ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 01224 Warsaw Poland
- Warsaw University of TechnologyFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering Ul. Wołoska 141 02507 Warsaw Poland
- University of Rome “La Sapienza”Department of Chemistry P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Jakub Jaroszewicz
- Warsaw University of TechnologyFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering Ul. Wołoska 141 02507 Warsaw Poland
| | - Łukasz Kozoń
- Institute of Physical Chemistry—Polish Academy of Sciences Ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 01224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Karol Szlązak
- Warsaw University of TechnologyFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering Ul. Wołoska 141 02507 Warsaw Poland
| | - Wojciech Święszkowski
- Warsaw University of TechnologyFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering Ul. Wołoska 141 02507 Warsaw Poland
| | - Piotr Garstecki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry—Polish Academy of Sciences Ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 01224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Cosima Stubenrauch
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Andrea Barbetta
- University of Rome “La Sapienza”Department of Chemistry P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Jan Guzowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry—Polish Academy of Sciences Ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 01224 Warsaw Poland
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Manavitehrani I, Le TY, Daly S, Wang Y, Maitz PK, Schindeler A, Dehghani F. Formation of porous biodegradable scaffolds based on poly(propylene carbonate) using gas foaming technology. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 96:824-830. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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38
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Courtenay JC, Filgueiras JG, deAzevedo ER, Jin Y, Edler KJ, Sharma RI, Scott JL. Mechanically robust cationic cellulose nanofibril 3D scaffolds with tuneable biomimetic porosity for cell culture. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:53-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02482k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Robust 3D modified cellulose scaffolds, with exquisite tuneable structure, in the form of foams, with meso and macro scale pores were prepared by a “bottom-up” approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C. Courtenay
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | | | - Yun Jin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
| | - Karen J. Edler
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Ram I. Sharma
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Janet L. Scott
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
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39
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Yang Y, Wang G, Liang H, Gao C, Peng S, Shen L, Shuai C. Additive manufacturing of bone scaffolds. Int J Bioprint 2018; 5:148. [PMID: 32596528 PMCID: PMC7294697 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v5i1.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) can obtain not only customized external shape but also porous internal structure for scaffolds, both of which are of great importance for repairing large segmental bone defects. The scaffold fabrication process generally involves scaffold design, AM, and post-treatments. Thus, this article firstly reviews the state-of-the-art of scaffold design, including computer-aided design, reverse modeling, topology optimization, and mathematical modeling. In addition, the current characteristics of several typical AM techniques, including selective laser sintering, fused deposition modeling (FDM), and electron beam melting (EBM), especially their advantages and limitations are presented. In particular, selective laser sintering is able to obtain scaffolds with nanoscale grains, due to its high heating rate and a short holding time. However, this character usually results in insufficient densification. FDM can fabricate scaffolds with a relative high accuracy of pore structure but with a relative low mechanical strength. EBM with a high beam-material coupling efficiency can process high melting point metals, but it exhibits a low-resolution and poor surface quality. Furthermore, the common post-treatments, with main focus on heat and surface treatments, which are applied to improve the comprehensive performance are also discussed. Finally, this review also discusses the future directions for AM scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Yang
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Guoyong Wang
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Huixin Liang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 210016 Nanjing, China
| | - Chengde Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shuping Peng
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Lida Shen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 210016 Nanjing, China
| | - Cijun Shuai
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China
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Wubneh A, Tsekoura EK, Ayranci C, Uludağ H. Current state of fabrication technologies and materials for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2018; 80:1-30. [PMID: 30248515 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A range of traditional and free-form fabrication technologies have been investigated and, in numerous occasions, commercialized for use in the field of regenerative tissue engineering (TE). The demand for technologies capable of treating bone defects inherently difficult to repair has been on the rise. This quest, accompanied by the advent of functionally tailored, biocompatible, and biodegradable materials, has garnered an enormous research interest in bone TE. As a result, different materials and fabrication methods have been investigated towards this end, leading to a deeper understanding of the geometrical, mechanical and biological requirements associated with bone scaffolds. As our understanding of the scaffold requirements expands, so do the capability requirements of the fabrication processes. The goal of this review is to provide a broad examination of existing scaffold fabrication processes and highlight future trends in their development. To appreciate the clinical requirements of bone scaffolds, a brief review of the biological process by which bone regenerates itself is presented first. This is followed by a summary and comparisons of commonly used implant techniques to highlight the advantages of TE-based approaches over traditional grafting methods. A detailed discussion on the clinical and mechanical requirements of bone scaffolds then follows. The remainder of the manuscript is dedicated to current scaffold fabrication methods, their unique capabilities and perceived shortcomings. The range of biomaterials employed in each fabrication method is summarized. Selected traditional and non-traditional fabrication methods are discussed with a highlight on their future potential from the authors' perspective. This study is motivated by the rapidly growing demand for effective scaffold fabrication processes capable of economically producing constructs with intricate and precisely controlled internal and external architectures. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The manuscript summarizes the current state of fabrication technologies and materials used for creating scaffolds in bone tissue engineering applications. A comprehensive analysis of different fabrication methods (traditional and free-form) were summarized in this review paper, with emphasis on recent developments in the field. The fabrication techniques suitable for creating scaffolds for tissue engineering was particularly targeted and their use in bone tissue engineering were articulated. Along with the fabrication techniques, we emphasized the choice of materials in these processes. Considering the limitations of each process, we highlighted the materials and the material properties critical in that particular process and provided a brief rational for the choice of the materials. The functional performance for bone tissue engineering are summarized for different fabrication processes and the choice of biomaterials. Finally, we provide a perspective on the future of the field, highlighting the knowledge gaps and promising avenues in pursuit of effective scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. This extensive review of the field will provide research community with a reference source for current approaches to scaffold preparation. We hope to encourage the researchers to generate next generation biomaterials to be used in these fabrication processes. By providing both advantages and disadvantage of each fabrication method in detail, new fabrication techniques might be devised that will overcome the limitations of the current approaches. These studies should facilitate the efforts of researchers interested in generating ideal scaffolds, and should have applications beyond the repair of bone tissue.
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Cengiz IF, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Micro-CT - a digital 3D microstructural voyage into scaffolds: a systematic review of the reported methods and results. Biomater Res 2018; 22:26. [PMID: 30275969 PMCID: PMC6158835 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-018-0136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell behavior is the key to tissue regeneration. Given the fact that most of the cells used in tissue engineering are anchorage-dependent, their behavior including adhesion, growth, migration, matrix synthesis, and differentiation is related to the design of the scaffolds. Thus, characterization of the scaffolds is highly required. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) provides a powerful platform to analyze, visualize, and explore any portion of interest in the scaffold in a 3D fashion without cutting or destroying it with the benefit of almost no sample preparation need. MAIN BODY This review highlights the relationship between the scaffold microstructure and cell behavior, and provides the basics of the micro-CT method. In this work, we also analyzed the original papers that were published in 2016 through a systematic search to address the need for specific improvements in the methods section of the papers including the amount of provided information from the obtained results. CONCLUSION Micro-CT offers a unique microstructural analysis of biomaterials, notwithstanding the associated challenges and limitations. Future studies that will include micro-CT characterization of scaffolds should report the important details of the method, and the derived quantitative and qualitative information can be maximized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Fatih Cengiz
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Miguel Oliveira
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
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Stubenrauch C, Menner A, Bismarck A, Drenckhan W. Emulsions- und Schaumtemplatierung - vielversprechende Methoden zur Herstellung maßgeschneiderter poröser Polymere. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Stubenrauch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Stuttgart Deutschland
| | - Angelika Menner
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institut für Materialchemie; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Alexander Bismarck
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institut für Materialchemie; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Wien; Österreich
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group; Department of Chemical Engineering; Imperial College; London Großbritannien
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Stubenrauch C, Menner A, Bismarck A, Drenckhan W. Emulsion and Foam Templating-Promising Routes to Tailor-Made Porous Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10024-10032. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Stubenrauch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Stuttgart Germany
| | - Angelika Menner
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry & Research; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Alexander Bismarck
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry & Research; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group; Department of Chemical Engineering; Imperial College; London UK
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Levin A, Sharma V, Hook L, García-Gareta E. The importance of factorial design in tissue engineering and biomaterials science: Optimisation of cell seeding efficiency on dermal scaffolds as a case study. J Tissue Eng 2018; 9:2041731418781696. [PMID: 30034769 PMCID: PMC6048616 DOI: 10.1177/2041731418781696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents a case study to show the usefulness and importance of using
factorial design in tissue engineering and biomaterials science. We used a full
factorial experimental design (2 × 2 × 2 × 3) to solve a routine query in every
biomaterial research project: the optimisation of cell seeding efficiency for
pre-clinical in vitro cell studies, the importance of which is often overlooked.
In addition, tissue-engineered scaffolds can be cellularised with relevant cell
type(s) to form implantable tissue constructs, where the cell seeding method
must be reliable and robust. Our results show the complex relationship between
cells and scaffolds and suggest that the optimum seeding conditions for each
material may be different due to different material properties, and therefore,
should be investigated for individual scaffolds. Our factorial experimental
design can be easily translated to other cell types and three-dimensional
biomaterials, where multiple interacting variables can be thoroughly
investigated for better understanding of cell–biomaterial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Levin
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, RAFT Institute, Northwood, UK
| | - Vaibhav Sharma
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, RAFT Institute, Northwood, UK
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Liquid foam templating - A route to tailor-made polymer foams. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 256:276-290. [PMID: 29728156 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Solid foams with pore sizes between a few micrometres and a few millimetres are heavily exploited in a wide range of established and emerging applications. While the optimisation of foam applications requires a fine control over their structural properties (pore size distribution, pore opening, foam density, …), the great complexity of most foaming processes still defies a sound scientific understanding and therefore explicit control and prediction of these parameters. We therefore need to improve our understanding of existing processes and also develop new fabrication routes which we understand and which we can exploit to tailor-make new porous materials. One of these new routes is liquid templating in general and liquid foam templating in particular, to which this review article is dedicated. While all solid foams are generated from an initially liquid(-like) state, the particular notion of liquid foam templating implies the specific condition that the liquid foam has time to find its "equilibrium structure" before it is solidified. In other words, the characteristic time scales of the liquid foam's stability and its solidification are well separated, allowing to build on the vast know-how on liquid foams established over the last 20 years. The dispersed phase of the liquid foam determines the final pore size and pore size distribution, while the continuous phase contains the precursors of the desired porous scaffold. We review here the three key challenges which need to be addressed by this approach: (1) the control of the structure of the liquid template, (2) the matching of the time scales between the stability of the liquid template and solidification, and (3) the preservation of the structure of the template throughout the process. Focusing on the field of polymer foams, this review gives an overview of recent research on the properties of liquid foam templates and summarises a key set of studies in the emerging field of liquid foam templating. It finishes with an outlook on future developments. Occasional references to non-polymeric foams are given if the analogy provides specific insight into a physical phenomenon.
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Numerical optimization of cell colonization modelling inside scaffold for perfusion bioreactor: A multiscale model. Med Eng Phys 2018; 57:40-50. [PMID: 29753628 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Part of clinically applicable bone graft substitutes are developed by using mechanical stimulation of flow-perfusion into cell-seeded scaffolds. The role of fluid flow is crucial in driving the nutrient to seeded cells and in stimulating cell colonization. A common numerical approach is to use a multiscale model to link some physical quantities (wall shear stress and inlet flow rate) that act at different scales. In this study, a multiscale model is developed in order to determine the optimal inlet flow rate to cultivate osteoblast-like cells seeded in a controlled macroporous biomaterial inside a perfusion bioreactor system. We focus particularly on the influence of Wall Shear Stress on cell colonization to predict cell colonization at the macroscale. Results obtained at the microscale are interpolated at the macroscale to determine the optimal flow rate. For a macroporous scaffold made of interconnected pores with pore diameters of above 350 μm and interconnection diameters of 150 μm, the model predicts a cell colonization of 325% after a 7-day-cell culture with a constant inlet flow rate of 0.69 mL·min-1. Furthermore, the strength of this protocol is the possibility to adapt it to most porous biomaterials and dynamic cell culture systems.
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Andrieux S, Drenckhan W, Stubenrauch C. Generation of Solid Foams with Controlled Polydispersity Using Microfluidics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:1581-1590. [PMID: 29309162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many properties of solid foams depend on the distribution of the pore sizes and their organization in space. However, these two parameters are very difficult to control with most traditional foaming techniques. Here we show how microfluidics can be used to tune the polydispersity of the foams (mono- vs different polydispersities) and the spatial organization of the pores (ordered vs disordered). For this purpose, the microfluidic flow-focusing technique was modified such that the gas pressure oscillates periodically, which translates into periodically oscillating bubble sizes in the liquid foam template. The liquid foams were generated from chitosan solutions and then gelled via cross-linking with genipin before we freeze-dried them to obtain a solid foam with a specific structure. The study at hand fills two existing scientific gaps. On the one hand, we present a novel approach for the generation of foams with controlled polydispersity. On the other hand, we obtained a solid foam with a new structure for foam templating consisting of rhombic dodecahedra. The controlled variation of the foam's structure will allow studying systematically structure-property relations. Moreover, being fully biobased, this type of solid foam is a suitable candidate for applications in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Andrieux
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wiebke Drenckhan
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 Rue du Loess, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Cosima Stubenrauch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Electrospinning and microfluidics. ELECTROFLUIDODYNAMIC TECHNOLOGIES (EFDTS) FOR BIOMATERIALS AND MEDICAL DEVICES 2018. [PMCID: PMC7152487 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-101745-6.00008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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49
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Ghorbani F, Zamanian A, Nojehdehian H. Effects of pore orientation on in-vitro properties of retinoic acid-loaded PLGA/gelatin scaffolds for artificial peripheral nerve application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:159-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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50
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Ceccaldi C, Bushkalova R, Cussac D, Duployer B, Tenailleau C, Bourin P, Parini A, Sallerin B, Girod Fullana S. Elaboration and evaluation of alginate foam scaffolds for soft tissue engineering. Int J Pharm 2017; 524:433-442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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