1
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Liu A, Qin Y, Dai J, Song F, Tian Y, Zheng Y, Wen P. Fabrication and performance of Zinc-based biodegradable metals: From conventional processes to laser powder bed fusion. Bioact Mater 2024; 41:312-335. [PMID: 39161793 PMCID: PMC11331728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn)-based biodegradable metals (BMs) fabricated through conventional manufacturing methods exhibit adequate mechanical strength, moderate degradation behavior, acceptable biocompatibility, and bioactive functions. Consequently, they are recognized as a new generation of bioactive metals and show promise in several applications. However, conventional manufacturing processes face formidable limitations for the fabrication of customized implants, such as porous scaffolds for tissue engineering, which are future direction towards precise medicine. As a metal additive manufacturing technology, laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) has the advantages of design freedom and formation precision by using fine powder particles to reliably fabricate metallic implants with customized structures according to patient-specific needs. The combination of Zn-based BMs and L-PBF has become a prominent research focus in the fields of biomaterials as well as biofabrication. Substantial progresses have been made in this interdisciplinary field recently. This work reviewed the current research status of Zn-based BMs manufactured by L-PBF, covering critical issues including powder particles, structure design, processing optimization, chemical compositions, surface modification, microstructure, mechanical properties, degradation behaviors, biocompatibility, and bioactive functions, and meanwhile clarified the influence mechanism of powder particle composition, structure design, and surface modification on the biodegradable performance of L-PBF Zn-based BM implants. Eventually, it was closed with the future perspectives of L-PBF of Zn-based BMs, putting forward based on state-of-the-art development and practical clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aobo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Turbomachinery Power Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yu Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiabao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Turbomachinery Power Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fei Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Peng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Turbomachinery Power Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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2
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Wang T, Zhao AQ, Yan Y, Wang LN. Crevice corrosion behavior of a biodegradable Zn-Mn-Mg alloy in simulated body fluid. Biomater Sci 2024. [PMID: 39158571 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00965g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Crevice corrosion at the implantation sites cannot be neglected in clinical applications of biodegradable zinc alloys as implants. In this study, a crevice corrosion protocol was designed to investigate the crevice corrosion behavior of the Zn-0.45Mn-0.2Mg (ZMM42) alloy for the first time, by varying crevice thicknesses in simulated body fluid (SBF) through immersion and electrochemical analysis. The results indicated that the ZMM42 alloy was susceptible to crevice corrosion in the range from 0.03 mm to 0.2 mm. When the crevice thickness was 0.05 mm, the crevice corrosion of the specimen became more severe compared to other thicknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - An-Qi Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Yu Yan
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lu-Ning Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
- Institute of Materials Intelligent Technology, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110004, PR China
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3
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Chen S, Du T, Zhang H, Qi J, Zhang Y, Mu Y, Qiao A. Methods for improving the properties of zinc for the application of biodegradable vascular stents. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 156:213693. [PMID: 37992478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable stents can support vessels for an extended period, maintain vascular patency, and progressively degrade once vascular remodeling is completed, thereby reducing the constraints of traditional metal stents. An ideal degradable stent must have good mechanical properties, degradation behavior, and biocompatibility. Zinc has become a new type of biodegradable metal after magnesium and iron, owing to its suitable degradation rate and good biocompatibility. However, zinc's poor strength and ductility make it unsuitable as a vascular stent material. Therefore, this paper reviewed the primary methods for improving the overall properties of zinc. By discussing the mechanical properties, degradation behavior, and biocompatibility of various improvement strategies, we found that alloying is the most common, simple, and effective method to improve mechanical properties. Deformation processing can further improve the mechanical properties by changing the microstructures of zinc alloys. Surface modification is an important means to improve the biological activity, blood compatibility and corrosion resistance of zinc alloys. Meanwhile, structural design can not only improve the mechanical properties of the vascular stents, but also endow the stents with special properties such as negative Poisson 's ratio. Manufacturing zinc alloys with excellent degradation properties, improved mechanical properties and strong biocompatibility and exploring their mechanism of interaction with the human body remain areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiliang Chen
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianming Du
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Hanbing Zhang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongliang Mu
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Aike Qiao
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.
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4
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Palai D, Siva Prasad P, Satpathy B, Das S, Das K. Development of Zn-2Cu- xMn/Mg Alloys for Orthopedic Applications: Mechanical Performance to In Vitro Degradation under Different Physiological Environments. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6058-6083. [PMID: 37774322 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) and its alloys are considered futuristic biodegradable materials for their acceptable mechanical properties, suitable corrosion rate, and good biocompatibility. In this study, we report newly developed biodegradable Zn-2Cu-xMn/Mg (x = 0, 0.1, and 0.5) alloys, aiming to achieve good mechanical strength with excellent elongation, desirable wear resistance, and suitable corrosion rate. The effect of Mn/Mg addition on the structural, mechanical, wear, and degradation behaviors of the Zn-2Cu-xMn/Mg alloys was thoroughly investigated. Degradation and tribological behaviors of the alloys were explored in the presence of simulated body fluid (SBF), Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM), and DMEM with a 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) solution. Alloy elements and hot rolling improve their mechanical properties significantly due to precipitation hardening, grain refinement, and solid solution strengthening owing to the formation of MnZn13 and Mg2Zn11 phases. Among all the alloys, the Zn-2Cu-0.5Mn alloy achieved the highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of ∼405 MPa and yield strength (YS) of ∼293 MPa with an excellent elongation of ∼51%. The corrosion behavior of the alloys as determined by a potentiodynamic polarization study under different solutions follows the sequence Zn-2Cu < Zn-2Cu-0.5Mn < Zn-2Cu-0.1Mn < Zn-2Cu-0.1Mg < Zn-2Cu-0.5Mg. The corrosion rate by immersion testing for 30 and 90 days also follows the same sequence. The corrosion rate in different solutions follows the order SBF > DMEM + 10%FBS > DMEM. The addition of Mn/Mg also improves the wear resistance and slows the wear rate under wet conditions. The bending test results also indicate the highest bending strength of ∼375 MPa for the Zn-2Cu-0.5Mn alloy, among all the alloys. The bending and tensile strengths deteriorate continuously after the immersion for 30 and 90 days in the solution of SBF, DMEM, and DMEM + 10%FBS. Therefore, the Zn-2Cu-xMn/Mg (x = 0.1 and 0.5) alloys can be considered potential biodegradable implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Palai
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - P Siva Prasad
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Bangmaya Satpathy
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Karabi Das
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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5
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Liu A, Lu Y, Dai J, Wen P, Xia D, Zheng Y. Mechanical properties, in vitro biodegradable behavior, biocompatibility and osteogenic ability of additively manufactured Zn-0.8Li-0.1Mg alloy scaffolds. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213571. [PMID: 37562158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Alloying and structural design provide flexibility to modulate performance of biodegradable porous implants manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). Herein, bulk Zn-0.8Li-0.1Mg was first fabricated to indicate the influence of the ternary alloy system on strengthening effect. Porous scaffolds with different porosities, including 60 % (P60), 70 % (P70) and 80 % (P80), were designed and fabricated to study the influence of porosity on mechanical properties, in vitro degradation behavior, biocompatibility and osteogenic ability. Pure Zn (Zn-P70) scaffolds with a porosity of 70 % were utilized for the comparison. The results showed Zn-0.8Li-0.1Mg bulks had an ultimate tensile strength of 460.78 ± 5.79 MPa, which was more than 3 times that of pure Zn ones and was the highest value ever reported for Zn alloys fabricated by L-PBF. The compressive strength (CS) and elastic modulus (E) of scaffolds decreased with increasing porosities. The CS of P70 scaffolds was 24.59 MPa, more than 2 times that of Zn-P70. The weight loss of scaffolds during in vitro immersion increased with increasing porosities. Compared with Zn-P70, a lower weight loss, better biocompatibility and improved osteogenic ability were observed for P70 scaffolds. P70 scaffolds also exhibited the best biocompatibility and osteogenic ability among all the used porosities. Influence mechanism of alloying elements and structural porosities on mechanical behaviors, in vitro biodegradation behavior, biocompatibility and osteogenic ability of scaffolds were discussed using finite element analysis and the characterization of degradation products. The results indicated that the proper design of alloying and porosity made Zn-0.8Li-0.1Mg scaffolds promising for biodegradable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aobo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yupu Lu
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiabao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Dandan Xia
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China..
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6
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Li G, Chen D, Mine Y, Takashima K, Zheng Y. Fatigue behavior of biodegradable Zn-Li binary alloys in air and simulated body fluid with pure Zn as control. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:637-649. [PMID: 37517618 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Zn-Li-based alloys have drawn great attention as promising candidates for load-bearing sites, such as intramedullary nails and bone plates. They possess high monotonic strength (over 500MPa) and better pitting resistance with lithium-rich layers acting as barriers for corrosion attack under (quasi-)static conditions. However, their response to dynamic loadings such as fatigue is still unknown. Herein, the corrosion fatigue behavior of a series of Zn-Li binary alloys with different lithium addition amounts was tested in simulated body fluid. Tensile and fatigue strength of the materials were proportional to lithium content while corrosion fatigue strength was not. Extremely long cracks that extended parallel to the loading direction were found in Zn-1.0wt.%Li alloys. These cracks propagated by selective dissolution of the lithium-rich phase in the eutectoid regions and drastically reduced the corrosion fatigue strength of Zn-1.0wt.%Li alloy owing to exacerbated crack propagation. To sum up, Zn-Li binary alloys showed fatigue strength comparable to pure iron and pure titanium, which confirmed their loading capacity under dynamic conditions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Zn-Li-based alloys are qualified as biodegradable metals and are dedicated to load-bearing applications. Current research has shown that lithium can suppress pitting corrosion by the formation of lithium-rich layers on the alloy surface during (quasi-)static conditions. However, how these materials respond to dynamic loading is still unknown. The present study investigated the influence of lithium amount (0.1∼1.0wt.%) on the corrosion fatigue behavior of binary Zn-Li alloys. The results showed that lithium effectively improved the mechanical strength but can harm corrosion fatigue strength at high content due to selective dissolution of lithium-rich phase. This demonstrated that the amount of lithium should be controlled for optimal properties. Zn-0.8wt.%Li alloy demonstrated a good combination of tensile and corrosion fatigue strength, which can be further improved by proper alloying and thermomechanical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dafu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China.
| | - Yoji Mine
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takashima
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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7
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Qiang H, Hou C, Zhang Y, Luo X, Li J, Meng C, Liu K, Lv Z, Chen X, Liu F. CaP-coated Zn-Mn-Li alloys regulate osseointegration via influencing macrophage polarization in the osteogenic environment. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad051. [PMID: 37324238 PMCID: PMC10267298 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune response is an important factor in determining the fate of bone replacement materials, in which macrophages play an important role. It is a new idea to design biomaterials with immunomodulatory function to reduce inflammation and promote bone integration by regulating macrophages polarization. In this work, the immunomodulatory properties of CaP Zn-Mn-Li alloys and the specific mechanism of action were investigated. We found that the CaP Zn0.8Mn0.1Li alloy promoted the polarization of macrophages toward M2 and reduced inflammation, which could effectively upregulate osteogenesis-related factors and promote new bone formation, indicating the important role of macrophages polarization in biomaterial induction of osteogenesis. In vivo studies further demonstrated that CaP Zn0.8Mn0.1Li alloy could stimulate osteogenesis better than other Zn-Mn-Li alloys implantations by regulating macrophages polarization and reducing inflammation. In addition, transcriptome results showed that CaP Zn0.8Mn0.1Li played an important regulatory role in the life process of macrophages, activating Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, which participated in the activation and attenuation of inflammation, and accelerated bone integration. Thus, by preparing CaP coatings on the surface of Zn-Mn-Li alloys and combining the bioactive ingredient with controlled release, the biomaterial will be imbibed with beneficial immunomodulatory properties that promote bone integration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yujue Zhang
- Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng Dongchangfu People’s Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng Dongchangfu People’s Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Jun Li
- Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng Dongchangfu People’s Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Chunxiu Meng
- Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng Dongchangfu People’s Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng Dongchangfu People’s Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Zhaoyong Lv
- Correspondence address. E-mail: (Z.L.); (X.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Ximeng Chen
- Correspondence address. E-mail: (Z.L.); (X.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Fengzhen Liu
- Correspondence address. E-mail: (Z.L.); (X.C.); (F.L.)
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8
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Liu Q, Li A, Liu S, Fu Q, Xu Y, Dai J, Li P, Xu S. Cytotoxicity of Biodegradable Zinc and Its Alloys: A Systematic Review. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040206. [PMID: 37103296 PMCID: PMC10144193 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc-based biodegradable metals (BMs) have been developed for biomedical implant materials. However, the cytotoxicity of Zn and its alloys has caused controversy. This work aims to investigate whether Zn and its alloys possess cytotoxic effects and the corresponding influence factors. According to the guidelines of the PRISMA statement, an electronic combined hand search was conducted to retrieve articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus (2013.1-2023.2) following the PICOS strategy. Eighty-six eligible articles were included. The quality of the included toxicity studies was assessed utilizing the ToxRTool. Among the included articles, extract tests were performed in 83 studies, and direct contact tests were conducted in 18 studies. According to the results of this review, the cytotoxicity of Zn-based BMs is mainly determined by three factors, namely, Zn-based materials, tested cells, and test system. Notably, Zn and its alloys did not exhibit cytotoxic effects under certain test conditions, but significant heterogeneity existed in the implementation of the cytotoxicity evaluation. Furthermore, there is currently a relatively lower quality of current cytotoxicity evaluation in Zn-based BMs owing to the adoption of nonuniform standards. Establishing a standardized in vitro toxicity assessment system for Zn-based BMs is required for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - An Li
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Shizhen Liu
- The School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK
| | - Qingyun Fu
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yichen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingtao Dai
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Ping Li
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Shulan Xu
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
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9
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Du S, Shen Y, Zheng Y, Cheng Y, Xu X, Chen D, Xia D. Systematic in vitro and in vivo study on biodegradable binary Zn-0.2 at% Rare Earth alloys (Zn-RE: Sc, Y, La-Nd, Sm-Lu). Bioact Mater 2023; 24:507-523. [PMID: 36685807 PMCID: PMC9841038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomedical implants and devices for tissue engineering in clinics, mainly made of polymers and stiff metallic materials, require possibly secondary surgery or life-long medicine. Biodegradable metals for biomedical implants and devices exhibit huge potential to improve the prognosis of patients. In this work, we developed a new type of biodegradable binary zinc (Zn) alloys with 16 rare earth elements (REEs) including Sc, Y, La to Nd, and Sm to Lu, respectively. The effects of REEs on the alloy microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of Zn were systematically investigated using pure Zn as control. All Zn-RE alloys generally exhibited improved mechanical properties, and biocompatibilities compared to pure Zn, especially the tensile strength and ductility of Zn-RE alloys were dramatically enhanced. Among the Zn-RE alloys, different REEs presented enhancement effects at varied extent. Y, Ho and Lu were the three elements displaying greatest improvements in majority of alloys properties, while Eu, Gd and Dy exhibited least improvement. Furthermore, the Zn-RE alloys were comparable with other Zn alloys and also exhibited superior properties to Mg-RE alloys. The in vivo experiment using Zn-La, Zn-Ce, and Zn-Nd alloys as tibia bone implants in rabbit demonstrated the excellent tissue biocompatibility and much more obvious osseointegration than the pure Zn control group. This work presented the significant potential of the developed Zn-RE binary alloys as novel degradable metal for biomedical implants and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokang Du
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yunong Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia,Corresponding author.
| | - Dafu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Dandan Xia
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China,Corresponding author.
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10
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Wang M, Yang L, Zhu X, Yang L, Song Z. Influence of Enzymes on the In Vitro Degradation Behavior of Pure Zn in Simulated Gastric and Intestinal Fluids. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:1331-1342. [PMID: 36643457 PMCID: PMC9835524 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) alloys are being developed as the degradable biomaterial. However, the corrosion mechanism of Zn in the gastrointestinal environment is seldom investigated and needs to be addressed. In this study, the impacts of enzymes on the degradation of pure Zn via electrochemical measurements and immersion were investigated. Pepsin and pancreatin affected the degradation of pure Zn. In contrast with the solutions without enzymes, the degradation rates declined with the addition of enzymes in solutions. However, localized corrosion was observed because the adsorption of pepsin was not a perfect barrier to prevent corrosion. The adsorbed pancreatin protected the samples from corrosion mainly at the initial stage of immersion. With immersion in the simulated intestinal fluid, adsorption and desorption of pancreatin occurred simultaneously on the sample surface. These findings allow the development of Zn alloy-implanted devices for the digestive tract as well as the understanding of the Zn corrosion mechanism in the gastrointestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang
Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Lingbo Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang
Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, China
| | - Xinglong Zhu
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang
Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, China
| | - Lijing Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang
Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, China
| | - Zhenlun Song
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang
Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, China
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11
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Pinc J, Kubásek J, Drahokoupil J, Čapek J, Vojtěch D, Školáková A. Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Newly Developed Zn-Mg-CaO Composite. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15238703. [PMID: 36500202 PMCID: PMC9737812 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the Zn-0.8Mg-0.28CaO wt.% composite was successfully prepared using different conditions of ball milling (rotations and time) followed by a direct extrusion process. These materials were characterized from the point of view of microstructure and compressive properties, and the correlation between those characteristics was found. Microstructures of individual materials possessed differences in grain size, where the grain size decreased with the intensified conditions (milling speed and time). However, the mutual relation between grain size and compressive strength was not linear. This was caused by the effect of other factors, such as texture, intermetallic phases, and pores. Material texture affects the mechanical properties by a different activity ratio between basal and pyramidal <c + a> slips. The properties of intermetallic particles and pores were determined in material volume using micro-computed tomography (µCT), enhancing the precision of our assumptions compared with commonly applied methods. Based on that, and the analysis after the compressive tests, we were able to determine the influence of aspect ratio, feret diameters, and volume content of intermetallic phases and pores on mechanical behavior. The influence of the aspects on mechanical behavior is described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pinc
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kubásek
- Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Praha 6—Dejvice, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Drahokoupil
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Čapek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Vojtěch
- Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Praha 6—Dejvice, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Školáková
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
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12
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Qiang HF, Lv ZY, Hou CY, Luo X, Li J, Liu K, Meng CX, Du WQ, Zhang YJ, Chen XM, Liu FZ. Development of biodegradable Zn-Mn-Li and CaP coatings on Zn-Mn-Li alloys and cytocompatibility evaluation for bone graft. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1013097. [PMID: 36185442 PMCID: PMC9515419 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1013097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zn-based alloys are considered as new kind of potential biodegradable implanted biomaterials recently. The difficulty of metal implanted biomaterials and bone tissue integration seriously affects the applications of metal implanted scaffolds in bone tissue-related fields. Herein, we self-designed Zn0.8Mn and Zn0.8Mn0.1Li alloys and CaP coated Zn0.8Mn and Zn0.8Mn0.1Li alloys, then evaluated the degradation property and cytocompatibility. The results demonstrated that the Zn0.8Mn0.1Li alloys had profoundly modified the degradation property and cytocompatibility, but Zn0.8Mn0.1Li alloys had particularly adverse effects on the surface morphology of osteoblasts. The results furtherly showed that the CaP-coated Zn0.8Mn and Zn0.8Mn0.1Li alloys scaffold had better biocompatibility, which would further guarantee the biosafety of this new kind of biodegradable Zn-based alloys implants for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fen Qiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Zhao-Yong Lv
- Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Dongchangfu Hospital of Liaocheng Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Cai-Yao Hou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Dongchangfu Hospital of Liaocheng Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jun Li
- Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Dongchangfu Hospital of Liaocheng Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Dongchangfu Hospital of Liaocheng Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Chun-Xiu Meng
- Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Dongchangfu Hospital of Liaocheng Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wan-Qing Du
- Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Dongchangfu Hospital of Liaocheng Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yu-Jue Zhang
- Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Dongchangfu Hospital of Liaocheng Hospital, Liaocheng, China
- *Correspondence: Feng-Zhen Liu, ; Xi-Meng Chen, ; Yu-Jue Zhang,
| | - Xi-Meng Chen
- Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Dongchangfu Hospital of Liaocheng Hospital, Liaocheng, China
- *Correspondence: Feng-Zhen Liu, ; Xi-Meng Chen, ; Yu-Jue Zhang,
| | - Feng-Zhen Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
- Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Dongchangfu Hospital of Liaocheng Hospital, Liaocheng, China
- *Correspondence: Feng-Zhen Liu, ; Xi-Meng Chen, ; Yu-Jue Zhang,
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13
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Processing optimization, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior and cytocompatibility of additively manufactured Zn-0.7Li biodegradable metals. Acta Biomater 2022; 142:388-401. [PMID: 35085796 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable Zn-Li alloys exhibit superior mechanical performance and favorable osteogenic capability for load-bearing bone devices. Additive manufacturing (AM) endows freedom for the fabrication of bone implants of personalized structure to satisfy patient-specific needs. In this paper, AM of Zn-Li alloys was attempted for the first-time using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), and the fabricated samples exhibited good fusion quality and high dimensional accuracy. The processing optimization, mechanical properties, in vitro corrosion behavior and cytocompatibility were investigated by using Zn-0.7Li bulk and porous samples. The ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus of bulk samples respectively reached 416.5 MPa and 83.3 GPa, and both were the highest among various additively manufactured Zn alloys reported so far. Porous samples achieved compressive strength (18.2 MPa) and elastic modulus (298.0 MPa), which were comparable to those of cancellous bone. Porous samples exhibited a higher corrosion rate and alleviated the problem of slow degradation of Zn-Li alloys. Nevertheless, osteoblastic cells showed a more spreading and healthier morphology when adhering to the porous samples compared to the bulk samples, thus a better cytocompatibility was confirmed. This work shows tremendous potential to precisely design and modulate biodegradable Zn alloys to fulfill clinical needs by using AM technology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This paper firstly studied processing optimization during laser powder bed fusion of Zn-Li alloy. Bulk and porous Zn-0.7Li samples in customized design were obtained with high formation quality. The tensile strength of bulk samples reached 416.5 MPa, while the compressive strength and modulus of porous samples reduced to 18.2 MPa and 298.0 MPa, comparable to those of bone. The weight loss of porous samples was roughly 5 times that of bulk samples; osteoblastic cells showed a more spreading and healthier morphology at porous samples, indicating improved biodegradation rate and cytocompatibility. This work shows tremendous potential to precisely design and modulate biodegradable Zn alloy porous scaffolds to fulfill clinical needs by using additive manufacturing technology.
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Farabi E, Sharp J, Vahid A, Wang J, Fabijanic DM, Barnett MR, Corujeira Gallo S. Novel Biodegradable Zn Alloy with Exceptional Mechanical and In Vitro Corrosion Properties for Biomedical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5555-5572. [PMID: 34719916 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of quaternary Zn-Al-Cu-Li alloys with different weight fractions of Cu, Al, and Li were developed and investigated for potential application in high load bearing bioresorbable implants. The developed alloys provided various fractions of binary and ternary intermetallic structures, which resulted in formation of multiphase microstructures containing a zinc-rich η-phase and LiZn4 and CuZn4 phases. The intermetallic phases promoted grain refinement and a good combination of mechanical properties. The developed Zn-2Al-4Cu-0.6Li alloy showed strength and ductility close to commercially pure Ti alloys with a UTS value of ∼535 MPa and elongation of 37%. The examination of in vitro corrosion behavior of the developed alloys in the modified Hanks' solution revealed suitable corrosion rates (∼38.5 μm/year). The moderate corrosion rate was controlled by the formation of a homogeneous layer of stable corrosion products that protected the alloys from the corrosive environment, particularly in the late stages of immersion. The developed alloys with the most promising mechanical and corrosion properties appeared to be biocompatible to mouse fibroblast cells and human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells, making them suitable candidates for implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Farabi
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Julie Sharp
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Alireza Vahid
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Jiangting Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Daniel M Fabijanic
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Matthew R Barnett
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
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15
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Zhang Z, Jia B, Yang H, Han Y, Wu Q, Dai K, Zheng Y. Biodegradable ZnLiCa ternary alloys for critical-sized bone defect regeneration at load-bearing sites: In vitro and in vivo studies. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3999-4013. [PMID: 33997489 PMCID: PMC8085902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel biodegradable metal system, ZnLiCa ternary alloys, were systematically investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of Zn0.8Li0.1Ca alloy reached 567.60 ± 9.56 MPa, which is comparable to pure Ti, one of the most common material used in orthopedics. The elongation of Zn0.8Li0.1Ca is 27.82 ± 18.35%, which is the highest among the ZnLiCa alloys. The in vitro degradation rate of Zn0.8Li0.1Ca alloy in simulated body fluid (SBF) showed significant acceleration than that of pure Zn. CCK-8 tests and hemocompatibility tests manifested that ZnLiCa alloys exhibit good biocompatibility. Real-time PCR showed that Zn0.8Li0.1Ca alloy successfully stimulated the expressions of osteogenesis-related genes (ALP, COL-1, OCN and Runx-2), especially the OCN. An in vivo implantation was conducted in the radius of New Zealand rabbits for 24 weeks, aiming to treat the bone defects. The Micro-CT and histological evaluations proved that the regeneration of bone defect was faster within the Zn0.8Li0.1Ca alloy scaffold than the pure Ti scaffold. Zn0.8Li0.1Ca alloy showed great potential to be applied in orthopedics, especially in the load-bearing sites. The first research work of ZnLiCa alloys to be used as biodegradable metals. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of Zn0.8Li0.1Ca alloy reached 567.60 ± 9.56 MPa, which is comparable to pure Ti, one of the most common material used in orthopedics. Porous scaffolds made of Zn0.8Li0.1Ca showed superior bone-defect-treating effects to pure Ti scaffolds in New Zealand rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- School of Medical Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Kerong Dai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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16
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Kabir H, Munir K, Wen C, Li Y. Recent research and progress of biodegradable zinc alloys and composites for biomedical applications: Biomechanical and biocorrosion perspectives. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:836-879. [PMID: 33024903 PMCID: PMC7530311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable metals (BMs) gradually degrade in vivo by releasing corrosion products once exposed to the physiological environment in the body. Complete dissolution of biodegradable implants assists tissue healing, with no implant residues in the surrounding tissues. In recent years, three classes of BMs have been extensively investigated, including magnesium (Mg)-based, iron (Fe)-based, and zinc (Zn)-based BMs. Among these three BMs, Mg-based materials have undergone the most clinical trials. However, Mg-based BMs generally exhibit faster degradation rates, which may not match the healing periods for bone tissue, whereas Fe-based BMs exhibit slower and less complete in vivo degradation. Zn-based BMs are now considered a new class of BMs due to their intermediate degradation rates, which fall between those of Mg-based BMs and Fe-based BMs, thus requiring extensive research to validate their suitability for biomedical applications. In the present study, recent research and development on Zn-based BMs are reviewed in conjunction with discussion of their advantages and limitations in relation to existing BMs. The underlying roles of alloy composition, microstructure, and processing technique on the mechanical and corrosion properties of Zn-based BMs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humayun Kabir
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Khurram Munir
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Cuie Wen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Yuncang Li
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
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17
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Development of a high-strength Zn-Mn-Mg alloy for ligament reconstruction fixation. Acta Biomater 2021; 119:485-498. [PMID: 33130305 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although various biodegradable materials have been investigated for ligament reconstruction fixation in the past decades, only few of them possess a combination of high mechanical properties, appropriate degradation rate, good biocompatibility, and osteogenic effect, thus limiting their clinical applications. A high-strength Zn-0.8Mn-0.4Mg alloy (i.e., Zn08Mn04Mg) with yield strength of 317 MPa was developed to address this issue. The alloy showed good biocompatibility and promising osteogenic effect in vitro. The degradation effects of Zn08Mn04Mg interference screws on the interface between soft tissue and bone were investigated in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in rabbits. Compared to Ti6Al4V, the Zn alloy screws significantly accelerated the formation of new bone and further induced partial tendon mineralization, which promoted tendon-bone integration. The newly developed screws are believed to facilitate early joint function recovery and rehabilitation training and also avoid screw breakage during insertion, thereby contributing to an extensive clinical prospect.
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18
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Li GN, Zhu SM, Nie JF, Zheng Y, Sun Z. Investigating the stress corrosion cracking of a biodegradable Zn-0.8 wt%Li alloy in simulated body fluid. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:1468-1478. [PMID: 33251383 PMCID: PMC7674163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) may lead to brittle, unexpected failure of medical devices. However, available researches are limited to Mg-based biodegradable metals (BM) and pure Zn. The stress corrosion behaviors of newly-developed Zn alloys remain unclear. In the present work, we conducted slow strain rate testing (SSRT) and constant-load immersion test on a promising Zn-0.8 wt%Li alloy in order to investigate its SCC susceptibility and examine its feasibility as BM with pure Zn as control group. We observed that Zn-0.8 wt%Li alloy exhibited low SCC susceptibility. This was attributed to variations in microstructure and deformation mechanism after alloying with Li. In addition, both pure Zn and Zn-0.8 wt%Li alloy did not fracture over a period of 28 days during constant-load immersion test. The magnitude of applied stress was close to physiological condition and thus, we proved the feasibility of both materials as BM. The deformation mechanisms of pure Zn and Zn-0.8 wt%Li alloy were different. For pure Zn, surface curvatures provided sites for SCC initiation. Only shallow cracks on corrosion layer were observed for Zn-0.8 wt%Li alloy. Both materials did not fracture after constant-load immersion test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Nan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Su-Ming Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jian-Feng Nie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Zhili Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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