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Zhao Z, Wang M, Miller MC, He Z, Xu X, Zhou Y, Mayo KH, Tai G. Isomerization of proline-46 in the N-terminal tail of galectin-3 enhances T cell apoptosis via the ROS-ERK pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128304. [PMID: 37992938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is unique in the galectin family, due to the presence of a long N-terminal tail (NT) arising from its conserved carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). Although functional significance of the NT has remained elusive, our previous studies demonstrated the importance of NT prolines to Gal-3 function. Here, we show that during the time Gal-3 stands in solution for three or more days, Gal-3 NT undergoes a slow, intra-molecular, time-dependent conformational/dynamical change associated with proline cis-trans isomerization. From initial dissolution of Gal-3 in buffer to three days in solution, Gal-3-mediated T cell apoptosis is enhanced from 23 % to 37 %. Western blotting and flow cytometry show that the enhancement occurs via the ROS-ERK pathway, and not by the PKC-ERK pathway. To assess which proline(s) is (are) responsible for this effect, we individually mutated all 14 NT prolines within the first 68 residues to alanines, and assessed their effect on ROS production. Our study shows that isomerization of P46 alone is responsible for the upregulation of ROS and T cell apoptosis. NMR studies show that this unique effect is mediated by a change in dynamic interactions between the NT and CRD F-face, which in turn leads to this change in Gal-3 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Menghui Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Michelle C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, 6-155 Jackson Hall, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Zhen He
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xuejiao Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, 6-155 Jackson Hall, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Guihua Tai
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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2
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Belvitch P, Casanova N, Sun X, Camp SM, Sammani S, Brown ME, Mascarhenas J, Lynn H, Adyshev D, Siegler J, Desai A, Seyed-Saadat L, Rizzo A, Bime C, Shekhawat GS, Dravid VP, Reilly JP, Jones TK, Feng R, Letsiou E, Meyer NJ, Ellis N, Garcia JGN, Dudek SM. A cortactin CTTN coding SNP contributes to lung vascular permeability and inflammatory disease severity in African descent subjects. Transl Res 2022; 244:56-74. [PMID: 35181549 PMCID: PMC9119916 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cortactin gene (CTTN), encoding an actin-binding protein critically involved in cytoskeletal dynamics and endothelial cell (EC) barrier integrity, contains single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with severe asthma in Black patients. As loss of lung EC integrity is a major driver of mortality in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, and the acute chest syndrome (ACS), we speculated CTTN SNPs that alter EC barrier function will associate with clinical outcomes from these types of conditions in Black patients. In case-control studies, evaluation of a nonsynonymous CTTN coding SNP Ser484Asn (rs56162978, G/A) in a severe sepsis cohort (725 Black subjects) revealed significant association with increased risk of sepsis mortality. In a separate cohort of sickle cell disease (SCD) subjects with and without ACS (177 SCD Black subjects), significantly increased risk of ACS and increased ACS severity (need for mechanical ventilation) was observed in carriers of the A allele. Human lung EC expressing the cortactin S484N transgene exhibited: (i) delayed EC barrier recovery following thrombin-induced permeability; (ii) reduced levels of critical Tyr486 cortactin phosphorylation; (iii) inhibited binding to the cytoskeletal regulator, nmMLCK; and (iv) attenuated EC barrier-promoting lamellipodia dynamics and biophysical responses. ARDS-challenged Cttn+/- heterozygous mice exhibited increased lung vascular permeability (compared to wild-type mice) which was significantly attenuated by IV delivery of liposomes encargoed with CTTN WT transgene but not by CTTN S484N transgene. In summary, these studies suggest that the CTTN S484N coding SNP contributes to severity of inflammatory injury in Black patients, potentially via delayed vascular barrier restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Belvitch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nancy Casanova
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xiaoguang Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Sara M Camp
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Saad Sammani
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Joseph Mascarhenas
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Heather Lynn
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Djanybek Adyshev
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jessica Siegler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ankit Desai
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Laleh Seyed-Saadat
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alicia Rizzo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christian Bime
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Gajendra S Shekhawat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - John P Reilly
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tiffanie K Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eleftheria Letsiou
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nuala J Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathan Ellis
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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Hemin-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Chronic Hemolysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094763. [PMID: 35563154 PMCID: PMC9104708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease is an independent predictor of mortality, yet the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular disease in chronic hemolytic disorders remains incompletely understood and treatment options are limited primarily to supportive care. The release of extracellular hemoglobin has been implicated in the development of pulmonary hypertension, and in this study we explored the direct effects of hemin, the oxidized moiety of heme, on the pulmonary artery endothelium. We found that low dose hemin exposure leads to significantly increased endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and cytokine release as markers of endothelial dysfunction. Protein expression changes in our pulmonary artery endothelial cells showed upregulation of mesenchymal markers after hemin treatment in conjunction with a decrease in endothelial markers. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) resulting from hemin exposure was further confirmed by showing upregulation of the transcription factors SNAI1 and SLUG, known to regulate EndoMT. Lastly, given the endothelial dysfunction and phenotypic transition observed, the endothelial cytoskeleton was considered a potential novel target. Inhibiting myosin light chain kinase, to prevent phosphorylation of myosin light chain and cytoskeletal contraction, attenuated hemin-induced endothelial hyper-proliferation, migration, and cytokine release. The findings in this study implicate hemin as a key inducer of endothelial dysfunction through EndoMT, which may play an important role in pulmonary vascular remodeling during the development of pulmonary hypertension in chronic hemolytic states.
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Bandela M, Belvitch P, Garcia JGN, Dudek SM. Cortactin in Lung Cell Function and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4606. [PMID: 35562995 PMCID: PMC9101201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortactin (CTTN) is an actin-binding and cytoskeletal protein that is found in abundance in the cell cortex and other peripheral structures of most cell types. It was initially described as a target for Src-mediated phosphorylation at several tyrosine sites within CTTN, and post-translational modifications at these tyrosine sites are a primary regulator of its function. CTTN participates in multiple cellular functions that require cytoskeletal rearrangement, including lamellipodia formation, cell migration, invasion, and various other processes dependent upon the cell type involved. The role of CTTN in vascular endothelial cells is particularly important for promoting barrier integrity and inhibiting vascular permeability and tissue edema. To mediate its functional effects, CTTN undergoes multiple post-translational modifications and interacts with numerous other proteins to alter cytoskeletal structures and signaling mechanisms. In the present review, we briefly describe CTTN structure, post-translational modifications, and protein binding partners and then focus on its role in regulating cellular processes and well-established functional mechanisms, primarily in vascular endothelial cells and disease models. We then provide insights into how CTTN function affects the pathophysiology of multiple lung disorders, including acute lung injury syndromes, COPD, and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounica Bandela
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Patrick Belvitch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Steven M. Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
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Yao Y, Feng Q, Shen J. Myosin light chain kinase regulates intestinal permeability of mucosal homeostasis in Crohn's disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 16:1127-1141. [PMID: 33183108 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1850269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Researchers have investigated the potential role of intestinal permeability in Crohn's disease pathogenesis. Intestinal permeability is usually mediated by cytoskeleton and intercellular junctions. The myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is an enzyme that activates the myosin light chain to exert its function related to cytoskeleton contraction and tight junction regulation. The correlation between MLCK and Crohn's disease pathogenesis has been consistently proven. Areas covered: This study aims to expand the understanding of the regulation and function of MLCK in Crohn's disease. An extensive literature search in the MEDLINE database (via PubMed) has been performed up to Oct. 2020. The roles of MLCK in tight junction activation, intestinal permeability enhancement, and cell signal regulation are comprehensively discussed. Expert opinion: Targeting the MLCK-related pathways such as TNF-α in CD treatment has been put into clinical use. More accurate targeting such as MLCK and TNFR2 has been proposed to reduce side effects. MLCK may also have the potential to become biomarkers in fields like CD activity. With the application of cutting age research methods and tools, the MLCK research could be accelerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Yao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China
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6
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Activation of the Nuclear Factor-kappa B Signaling Pathway Damages the Epithelial Barrier in the Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Line HPAF-II. Pancreas 2019; 48:1380-1385. [PMID: 31688605 PMCID: PMC6867665 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Injury of the pancreatic duct epithelial barrier plays a critical role in the development of acute pancreatitis. The activity of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway is involved in the disruption of the pancreatic duct epithelial barrier. This study investigated how NF-κB impacts the dysfunction of the pancreatic duct epithelial barrier. METHODS A human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line was treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. The expression levels of p65 and p-p65 were detected to evaluate NF-κB activity. Tricellulin (TRIC) expression levels were measured to assess the change in tight junction (TJ)-related proteins. The expression and localization of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) were investigated. The structure of TJs and monolayer permeability were also examined. RESULTS NF-κB was activated by TNF-α and suppressed by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. Activation of NF-κB upregulated the expression levels of TRIC and MLCK. Broadened TJs were observed after NF-κB was activated. Lower monolayer permeability was observed when NF-κB was suppressed. CONCLUSIONS Activation of the NF-κB pathway induced by TNF-α leads to increased TRIC and MLCK expression, resulting in broadened TJs and high permeability, which contribute to damage to the pancreatic duct epithelial barrier.
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Gomes EV, Bortolossi JC, Sanches PR, Mendes NS, Martinez-Rossi NM, Rossi A. STE20/PAKA Protein Kinase Gene Releases an Autoinhibitory Domain through Pre-mRNA Alternative Splicing in the Dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113654. [PMID: 30463281 PMCID: PMC6274995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling pathways are highly diverse in filamentous fungi, allowing the cells to receive and process ambient information. Interaction of components from different pathways results in signaling networks. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is dependent on phosphorylation that is accomplished by kinase proteins. Thus, the STE/PAK protein kinase family plays essential roles in MAPK signal transduction, regulating several cellular functions. The STE/PAK protein displays an autoinhibitory (Cdc42/Rac interactive binding-CRIB) domain on its N-terminal portion, which interacts with the C-terminal catalytic kinase domain. Based on current knowledge, for the STE/PAK kinase to be activated, molecular signals (e.g., interaction with the activated form of Rac1 and Cdc42 proteins) or proteolytic cleavage by caspase 3 is necessary. Both mechanisms release the kinase domain from the CRIB interaction. Here, we hypothesize a novel molecular mechanism for the activation of STE20/PAKA kinase in Trichophyton rubrum based on an alternative pre-mRNA splicing process. Our data suggest that, because of the retention of intron 1 of this gene, it is theoretically possible that the translation of STE20/PAKA kinase will be free of its autoinhibitory CRIB domain. These findings indicate a rapid response system to environmental changes. Furthermore, STE20/PAKA may be a potential T. rubrum virulence factor and an interesting target for new drugs against dermatophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriston V Gomes
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
- Department of Biofunctional, Center of Higher Education Morgana Potrich Eireli, Morgana Potrich College, Mineiros, Goiás 75830-000, Brazil.
| | - Julio C Bortolossi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Pablo R Sanches
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Niege S Mendes
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Nilce M Martinez-Rossi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
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Abstract
The pulmonary endothelial cell forms a critical semi-permeable barrier between the vascular and interstitial space. As part of the blood-gas barrier in the lung, the endothelium plays a key role in normal physiologic function and pathologic disease. Changes in endothelial cell shape, defined by its plasma membrane, determine barrier integrity. A number of key cytoskeletal regulatory and effector proteins including non-muscle myosin light chain kinase, cortactin, and Arp 2/3 mediate actin rearrangements to form cortical and membrane associated structures in response to barrier enhancing stimuli. These actin formations support and interact with junctional complexes and exert forces to protrude the lipid membrane to and close gaps between individual cells. The current knowledge of these cytoskeletal processes and regulatory proteins are the subject of this review. In addition, we explore novel advancements in cellular imaging that are poised to shed light on the complex nature of pulmonary endothelial permeability.
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9
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Miller MC, Zheng Y, Yan J, Zhou Y, Tai G, Mayo KH. Novel polysaccharide binding to the N-terminal tail of galectin-3 is likely modulated by proline isomerization. Glycobiology 2018; 27:1038-1051. [PMID: 28973299 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between galectins and polysaccharides are crucial to many biological processes, and yet these are some of the least understood, usually being limited to studies with small saccharides and short oligosaccharides. The present study is focused on human galectin-3 (Gal-3) interactions with a 60 kDa rhamnogalacturonan RG-I-4 that we use as a model to garner information as to how galectins interact with large polysaccharides, as well as to develop this agent as a therapeutic against human disease. Gal-3 is unique among galectins, because as the only chimera-type, it has a long N-terminal tail (NT) that has long puzzled investigators due to its dynamic, disordered nature and presence of numerous prolines. Here, we use 15N-1H heteronuclear single quantum coherence NMR spectroscopy to demonstrate that multiple sites on RG-I-4 provide epitopes for binding to three sites on 15N-labeled Gal-3, two within its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and one at a novel site within the NT encompassing the first 40 residues that are highly conserved among all species of Gal-3. Moreover, strong binding of RG-I-4 to the Gal-3 NT occurs on a very slow time scale, suggesting that it may be mediated by cis-trans proline isomerization, a well-recognized modulator of many biological activities. The NT binding epitope within RG-I-4 appears to reside primarily in the side chains of the polysaccharide, some of which are galactans. Our results provide new insight into the role of the NT in Gal-3 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Y Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Jingmin Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Guihua Tai
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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10
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Wang T, Brown ME, Kelly GT, Camp SM, Mascarenhas JB, Sun X, Dudek SM, Garcia JGN. Myosin light chain kinase ( MYLK) coding polymorphisms modulate human lung endothelial cell barrier responses via altered tyrosine phosphorylation, spatial localization, and lamellipodial protrusions. Pulm Circ 2018; 8:2045894018764171. [PMID: 29480069 PMCID: PMC5846938 DOI: 10.1177/2045894018764171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent bioactive endogenous lipid that signals a rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton via the regulation of non-muscle myosin light chain kinase isoform (nmMLCK). S1P induces critical nmMLCK Y464 and Y471 phosphorylation resulting in translocation of nmMLCK to the periphery where spatially-directed increases in myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation and tension result in lamellipodia protrusion, increased cell-cell adhesion, and enhanced vascular barrier integrity. MYLK, the gene encoding nmMLCK, is a known candidate gene in lung inflammatory diseases, with coding genetic variants (Pro21His, Ser147Pro, Val261Ala) that confer risk for inflammatory lung injury and influence disease severity. The functional mechanisms by which these MYLK coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affect biologic processes to increase disease risk and severity remain elusive. In the current study, we utilized quantifiable cell immunofluorescence assays to determine the influence of MYLK coding SNPs on S1P-mediated nmMLCK phosphorylation and translocation to the human lung endothelial cell (EC) periphery . These disease-associated MYLK variants result in reduced levels of S1P-induced Y464 phosphorylation, a key site for nmMLCK enzymatic regulation and activation. Reduced Y464 phosphorylation resulted in attenuated nmMLCK protein translocation to the cell periphery. We further conducted EC kymographic assays which confirmed that lamellipodial protrusion in response to S1P challenge was retarded by expression of a MYLK transgene harboring the three MYLK coding SNPs. These data suggest that ARDS/severe asthma-associated MYLK SNPs functionally influence vascular barrier-regulatory cytoskeletal responses via direct alterations in the levels of nmMLCK tyrosine phosphorylation, spatial localization, and lamellipodial protrusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mary E Brown
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gabriel T Kelly
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sara M Camp
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joseph B Mascarenhas
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Sun
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Steven M Dudek
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
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11
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González-Jamett AM, Guerra MJ, Olivares MJ, Haro-Acuña V, Baéz-Matus X, Vásquez-Navarrete J, Momboisse F, Martinez-Quiles N, Cárdenas AM. The F-Actin Binding Protein Cortactin Regulates the Dynamics of the Exocytotic Fusion Pore through its SH3 Domain. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:130. [PMID: 28522963 PMCID: PMC5415606 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon cell stimulation, the network of cortical actin filaments is rearranged to facilitate the neurosecretory process. This actin rearrangement includes both disruption of the preexisting actin network and de novo actin polymerization. However, the mechanism by which a Ca2+ signal elicits the formation of new actin filaments remains uncertain. Cortactin, an actin-binding protein that promotes actin polymerization in synergy with the nucleation promoting factor N-WASP, could play a key role in this mechanism. We addressed this hypothesis by analyzing de novo actin polymerization and exocytosis in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells expressing different cortactin or N-WASP domains, or cortactin mutants that fail to interact with proline-rich domain (PRD)-containing proteins, including N-WASP, or to be phosphorylated by Ca2+-dependent kinases, such as ERK1/2 and Src. Our results show that the activation of nicotinic receptors in chromaffin cells promotes cortactin translocation to the cell cortex, where it colocalizes with actin filaments. We further found that, in association with PRD-containing proteins, cortactin contributes to the Ca2+-dependent formation of F-actin, and regulates fusion pore dynamics and the number of exocytotic events induced by activation of nicotinic receptors. However, whereas the actions of cortactin on the fusion pore dynamics seems to depend on the availability of monomeric actin and its phosphorylation by ERK1/2 and Src kinases, cortactin regulates the extent of exocytosis by a mechanism independent of actin polymerization. Together our findings point out a role for cortactin as a critical modulator of actin filament formation and exocytosis in neuroendocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlek M González-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - María J Guerra
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - María J Olivares
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - Valentina Haro-Acuña
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - Ximena Baéz-Matus
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - Jacqueline Vásquez-Navarrete
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - Fanny Momboisse
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - Narcisa Martinez-Quiles
- Departamento de Microbiología (Inmunología), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Cárdenas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
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García Ponce A, Citalán Madrid AF, Vargas Robles H, Chánez Paredes S, Nava P, Betanzos A, Zarbock A, Rottner K, Vestweber D, Schnoor M. Loss of cortactin causes endothelial barrier dysfunction via disturbed adrenomedullin secretion and actomyosin contractility. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29003. [PMID: 27357373 PMCID: PMC4928053 DOI: 10.1038/srep29003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in vascular permeability occur during inflammation and the actin cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in regulating endothelial cell contacts and permeability. We demonstrated recently that the actin-binding protein cortactin regulates vascular permeability via Rap1. However, it is unknown if the actin cytoskeleton contributes to increased vascular permeability without cortactin. As we consistently observed more actin fibres in cortactin-depleted endothelial cells, we hypothesised that cortactin depletion results in increased stress fibre contractility and endothelial barrier destabilisation. Analysing the contractile machinery, we found increased ROCK1 protein levels in cortactin-depleted endothelium. Concomitantly, myosin light chain phosphorylation was increased while cofilin, mDia and ERM were unaffected. Secretion of the barrier-stabilising hormone adrenomedullin, which activates Rap1 and counteracts actomyosin contractility, was reduced in plasma from cortactin-deficient mice and in supernatants of cortactin-depleted endothelium. Importantly, adrenomedullin administration and ROCK1 inhibition reduced actomyosin contractility and rescued the effect on permeability provoked by cortactin deficiency in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest a new role for cortactin in controlling actomyosin contractility with consequences for endothelial barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander García Ponce
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
| | - Alí F Citalán Madrid
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
| | - Hilda Vargas Robles
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Chánez Paredes
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
| | - Porfirio Nava
- Department for Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
| | - Abigail Betanzos
- Department for Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Clinic of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dietmar Vestweber
- Department for Vascular Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
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α-Enolase Causes Proinflammatory Activation of Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Primes Neutrophils Through Plasmin Activation of Protease-Activated Receptor 2. Shock 2016; 44:137-42. [PMID: 25944790 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Proinflammatory activation of vascular endothelium leading to increased surface expression of adhesion molecules and neutrophil (PMN) sequestration and subsequent activation is paramount in the development of acute lung injury and organ injury in injured patients. We hypothesize that α-enolase, which accumulates in injured patients, primes PMNs and causes proinflammatory activation of endothelial cells leading to PMN-mediated cytotoxicity. METHODS Proteomic analyses of field plasma samples from injured versus healthy patients were used for protein identification. Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) were incubated with α-enolase or thrombin, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 surface expression was measured by flow cytometry. A two-event in vitro model of PMN cytotoxicity HMVECs activated with α-enolase, thrombin, or buffer was used as targets for lysophosphatidylcholine-primed or buffer-treated PMNs. The PMN priming activity of α-enolase was completed, and lysates from both PMNs and HMVECs were immunoblotted for protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) and PAR-2 and coprecipitation of α-enolase with PAR-2 and plasminogen/plasmin. RESULTS α-Enolase increased 10.8-fold in injured patients (P < 0.05). Thrombin and α-enolase significantly increased intercellular adhesion molecule-1 surface expression on HMVECs, which was inhibited by antiproteases, induced PMN adherence, and served as the first event in the two-event model of PMN cytotoxicity. α-Enolase coprecipitated with PAR-2 and plasminogen/plasmin on HMVECs and PMNs and induced PMN priming, which was inhibited by tranexamic acid, and enzymatic activity was not required. CONCLUSIONS α-Enolase increases after injury and may activate pulmonary endothelial cells and prime PMNs through plasmin activity and PAR-2 activation. Such proinflammatory endothelial activation may predispose to PMN-mediated organ injury.
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He JP, Tang GD, Qin MB, Shi HR, Fu HZ, Lin SD, Luo Q. Role of myosin light chain kinase in hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:19-27. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) in hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis (HTGP).
METHODS: Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups to be fed either a high-fat diet (group A) or a normal diet (group B). After being raised for 4 weeks, blood was harvested from the retroorbital venous plexus to measure serum triglyceride (TG) levels. After that, group A was randomly divided into three subgroups: HTG, HTG + AP, and HTG + AP + ML-7; group B were also randomly divided into three subgroups: C, AP, and AP + ML-7. All rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last injection of cerulein. The pancreases were carefully removed for HE staining and transmission electron microscopy to observe the morphological changes, ultrastructure and tight junction (TJ). Blood was obtained from the heart to measure serum amylase levels. The expression and localization of MLCK and p-JNK in the pancreas were assayed by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: Compared with group B, serum TG level was significantly increased in group A after being fed a high fat diet (P < 0.01). The pathologic score of the pancreas and serum amylase (AMY) activity were significantly elevated in the HTG + AP group, compared with the AP group (P < 0.05). The ultrastructure of the pancreas in the HTG + AP and AP groups was damaged and the TJ was broadened (most significant in the HTG + AP group). Besides, MLCK and p-JNK were significantly up-regulated in the HTG + AP group compared with those in the AP group (P < 0.05), and there was a positive correlation between the expression of MLCK and p-JNK in the pancreas and the pathologic score of the pancreas (r1 = 0.795, r2 = 0.789, P < 0.01). ML-7, an inhibitor of MLCK, significantly ameliorated the pathologic signs of the pancreas, down-regulated AMY level (P < 0.01), improved the TJ and decreased the expression of p-JNK (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: MLCK may be associated with the severity of HTGP, and involved in the formation of HTGP by broadening cell-cell TJ and activation of the JNK pathway.
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Abstract
Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) dependent myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Cytoskeletal contraction induced by the phosphorylation of MLC is essential for the destruction of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and increased expression of MLCK can mediate epithelial barrier dysfunction. Currently studies focused mainly on the mechanism of MLCK in the intestinal epithelial barrier. This review discusses the role of MLCK in IBD.
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