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Ibrahim AA, Nsairat H, Al-Sulaibi M, El-Tanani M, Jaber AM, Lafi Z, Barakat R, Abuarqoub DA, Mahmoud IS, Obare SO, Aljabali AAA, Alkilany AM, Alshaer W. Doxorubicin conjugates: a practical approach for its cardiotoxicity alleviation. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:399-422. [PMID: 38623735 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2343882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Doxorubicin (DOX) emerges as a cornerstone in the arsenal of potent chemotherapeutic agents. Yet, the clinical deployment of DOX is tarnished by its proclivity to induce severe cardiotoxic effects, culminating in heart failure and other consequential morbidities. In response, a panoply of strategies has undergone rigorous exploration over recent decades, all aimed at attenuating DOX's cardiotoxic impact. The advent of encapsulating DOX within lipidic or polymeric nanocarriers has yielded a dual triumph, augmenting DOX's therapeutic efficacy while mitigating its deleterious side effects. AREAS COVERED Recent strides have spotlighted the emergence of DOX conjugates as particularly auspicious avenues for ameliorating DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. These conjugates entail the fusion of DOX through physical or chemical bonds with diminutive natural or synthetic moieties, polymers, biomolecules, and nanoparticles. This spectrum encompasses interventions that impinge upon DOX's cardiotoxic mechanism, modulate cellular uptake and localization, confer antioxidative properties, or refine cellular targeting. EXPERT OPINION The endorsement of DOX conjugates as a compelling stratagem to mitigate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity resounds from this exegesis, amplifying safety margins and the therapeutic profile of this venerated chemotherapeutic agent. Within this ambit, DOX conjugates stand as a beacon of promise in the perpetual pursuit of refining chemotherapy-induced cardiac compromise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abed Alqader Ibrahim
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mazen Al-Sulaibi
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
- College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Areej M Jaber
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zainab Lafi
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rahmeh Barakat
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Duaa Azmi Abuarqoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ismail Sami Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Sherine O Obare
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Luo X. Nanobiotechnology-based strategies in alleviation of chemotherapy-mediated cardiotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:116989. [PMID: 37633635 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular diseases have been among the most common malignancies and the first leading cause of death, even higher than cancer. The cardiovascular diseases can be developed as a result of cardiac dysfunction and damages to heart tissue. Exposure to toxic agents and chemicals that induce cardiac dysfunction has been of interest in recent years. The chemotherapy drugs are commonly used for cancer therapy and in these patients, cardiovascular diseases have been widely observed that is due to negative impact of chemotherapy drugs on the heart. These drugs increase oxidative damage and inflammation, and mediate apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. Hence, nanotechnological approaches have been emerged as new strategies in attenuation of chemotherapy-mediated cardiotoxicity. The first advantage of nanoparticles can be explored in targeted and selective delivery of drugs to reduce their accumulation in heart tissue. Nanostructures can deliver bioactive and therapeutic compounds in reducing cardiotoxicity and alleviation toxic impacts of chemotherapy drugs. The functionalization of nanostructures increases their selectivity against tumor cells and reduces accumulation of drugs in heart tissue. The bioplatforms such as chitosan and alginate nanostructures can also deliver chemotherapy drugs and reduce their cardiotoxicity. The function of nanostructures is versatile in reduction of cardiotoxicity by chemotherapy drugs and new kind of platforms is hydrogels that can mediate sustained release of drug to reduce its toxic impacts on heart tissue. The various kinds of nanoplatforms have been developed for alleviation of cardiotoxicity and their future clinical application depends on their biocompatibility. High concentration level of chitosan nanoparticles can stimulate cardiotoxicity. Therefore, if nanotechnology is going to be deployed for drug delivery and reducing cardiotoxicity, the first pre-requirement is to lack toxicity on normal cells and have high biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanming Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Fudan University, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biliary Tract Minimal Invasive Surgery and Materials, China.
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Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Nanostructures as Drug Delivery Systems and Vaccine Platforms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040429. [PMID: 35455426 PMCID: PMC9028109 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyotropic liquid crystals result from the self-assembly process of amphiphilic molecules, such as lipids, into water, being organized in different mesophases. The non-lamellar formed mesophases, such as bicontinuous cubic (cubosomes) and inverse hexagonal (hexosomes), attract great scientific interest in the field of pharmaceutical nanotechnology. In the present review, an overview of the engineering and characterization of non-lamellar lyotropic liquid crystalline nanosystems (LLCN) is provided, focusing on their advantages as drug delivery nanocarriers and innovative vaccine platforms. It is described that non-lamellar LLCN can be utilized as drug delivery nanosystems, as well as for protein, peptide, and nucleic acid delivery. They exhibit major advantages, including stimuli-responsive properties for the “on demand” drug release delivery and the ability for controlled release by manipulating their internal conformation properties and their administration by different routes. Moreover, non-lamellar LLCN exhibit unique adjuvant properties to activate the immune system, being ideal for the development of novel vaccines. This review outlines the recent advances in lipid-based liquid crystalline technology and highlights the unique features of such systems, with a hopeful scope to contribute to the rational design of future nanosystems.
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Zheng Q, Li Q, Zhao G, Zhang J, Yuan H, Gong D, Guo Y, Liu X, Li K, Lin P. Alkannin induces cytotoxic autophagy and apoptosis by promoting ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of JNK pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jiang S, Wang R, Zhang X, Wu F, Li S, Yuan Y. Combination treatment of gemcitabine and sorafenib exerts a synergistic inhibitory effect on non-small cell lung cancer in vitro and in vivo via the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:346-356. [PMID: 32537024 PMCID: PMC7291674 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Standard chemotherapy is commonly used in clinical practice for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its therapeutic efficacy remains low. Combination therapy for cancer treatment has attracted attention in recent years. The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of the combination treatment with gemcitabine and sorafenib on NSCLC in vitro and in vivo, and to determine its underlying molecular mechanisms. The anti-NSCLC effects of combination therapy were analyzed by flow cytometry analysis, MTT, western blotting, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. A549 cells subjected to combination treatment with gemcitabine and sorafenib demonstrated a more irregular cellular morphology and lower cell viability compared with the monotherapy groups. Combination of gemcitabine and sorafenib significantly induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 cells. Additionally, combination therapy was demonstrated to restrain the migration and invasion of tumor cells by suppressing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of A549 cells. In vivo analyses confirmed that co-treatment with gemcitabine and sorafenib decreased NSCLC tumor growth and tumor weight in nude mice. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that combination treatment with gemcitabine and sorafenib exerted a synergistic inhibitory effect on NSCLC in vitro and in vivo via the EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Feihua Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yongfang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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Kaushik L, Srivastava S, Panjeta A, Chaudhari D, Ghadi R, Kuche K, Malik R, Preet S, Jain S, Raza K. Exploration of docetaxel palmitate and its solid lipid nanoparticles as a novel option for alleviating the rising concern of multi-drug resistance. Int J Pharm 2020; 578:119088. [PMID: 32001291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX), a widely prescribed anticancer agent, is now associated with increased instances of multidrug resistance. Also, being a problematic BCS class IV drug, it poses challenges for the formulators. Henceforth, it was envisioned to synthesize an analogue of DTX with a biocompatible lipid, i.e., palmitic acid. The in-silico studies (molecular docking and simulation) inferred lesser binding of docetaxel palmitate (DTX-PL) with P-gp vis-à-vis DTX and paclitaxel, indicating it to be a poor substrate for P-gp efflux. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of the conjugate were prepared using various lipids, viz. palmitic acid, stearic acid, cetyl palmitate and glyceryl monostearate. The characterization studies for the nanocarrier were performed for the surface charge, drug payload, micromeritics, release pattern of drug and surface morphology. From the cytotoxicity assays on resistant MCF-7 cells, it was established that the new analogue offered substantially decreased IC50 to that of DTX. Further, apoptosis assay also corroborated the results obtained in IC50 determination wherein, SA-SLNs showed the highest apoptotic index than free DTX. The conjugate not only enhanced the solubility but also offered lower plasma protein binding and improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effect for DTX loaded SA-SLNs in apt animal models, and lower affinity to P-gp efflux. The studies provide preliminary evidence and a ray of hope for a better candidate in its nano version for safer and effective cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Kaushik
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences & Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Shubham Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences & Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Anshul Panjeta
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Dasharath Chaudhari
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Rohan Ghadi
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Kaushik Kuche
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ruchi Malik
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences & Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Simran Preet
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Kaisar Raza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences & Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India.
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Gothandam K, Gomathinayagam S. Amelioration of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by oral lyophilized Dunaliella salina supplement in a female wistar rat model with active estrous cycle and surgical menopause. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_52_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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8
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Wang L, Shi W, Gao X, SreeHarsha N, Zhang D. Cardioprotective role of metformin against sodium arsenite‐induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:749-757. [PMID: 31587475 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyQingdao central hospital Qingdao China
| | - Wenbin Shi
- Department of PharmacyQingdao Municipal Hospital Qingdao China
| | - Xuewei Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Internal MedicineQingdao Hiser Medical Center Qingdao China
| | - Nagaraja SreeHarsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical PharmacyKing Faisal University Al‐Ahsa Saudi Arabia
| | - Daisong Zhang
- Department of PharmacyQingdao Hiser Medical Center Qingdao China
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9
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Tamoxifen citrate/Coenzyme Q10 as smart nanocarriers Bitherapy for Breast Cancer: Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and antioxidant activity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Zhu J, Hu Q, Shen S. Enhanced antitumor efficacy and attenuated cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin in combination with lycopene liposomes. J Liposome Res 2019; 30:37-44. [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2019.1580720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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11
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Rejinold NS, Yoo J, Jon S, Kim YC. Curcumin as a Novel Nanocarrier System for Doxorubicin Delivery to MDR Cancer Cells: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:28458-28470. [PMID: 30064206 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (CRC) has been widely used as a therapeutic agent for various drug delivery applications. In this work, we focused on the applicability of CRC as a nanodrug delivery agent for doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) (commercially known as Adriamycin) coated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as an effective therapeutic strategy against multidrug-resistant cancer cells. The developed PEG-coated CRC/DOX nanoparticles (NPs) (PEG-CRC/DOX NPs) were well localized within the resistant cancer cells inducing apoptosis confirmed by flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation assays. The PEG-CRC/DOX NPs suppressed the major efflux proteins in DOX-resistant cancer cells. The in vivo biodistribution studies on HCT-8/DOX-resistant tumor xenograft showed improved bioavailability of the PEG-CRC/DOX NPs, and thereby suppressed tumor growth significantly compared to the other samples. This study clearly shows that curcumin nanoparticles could deliver DOX efficiently into the multidrug-resistant cancer cells to have potential therapeutic benefits.
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12
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Liu XY, Zhou CB, Fang C. Nanomaterial-involved neural stem cell research: Disease treatment, cell labeling, and growth regulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:583-597. [PMID: 30114642 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) have been widely investigated for their potential in the treatment of various diseases and transplantation therapy. However, NSC growth regulation, labeling, and its application to disease diagnosis and treatment are outstanding challenges. Recently, nanomaterials have shown promise for various applications including genetic modification, imaging, and controlled drug release. Here we summarize the recent progress in the use of nanomaterials in combination with NSCs for disease treatment and diagnosis, cell labeling, and NSC growth regulation. The toxicity of nanomaterials to NSCs is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Liu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Zhou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Chao Fang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Kushwah V, Katiyar SS, Agrawal AK, Saraf I, Singh IP, Lamprou DA, Gupta RC, Jain S. Implication of linker length on cell cytotoxicity, pharmacokinetic and toxicity profile of gemcitabine-docetaxel combinatorial dual drug conjugate. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:357-374. [PMID: 29981409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates effect of linkers [zero length (without linker), short length linker (glycine and lysine) and long length linker (PEG1000, PEG2000 and PEG3500)] on pharmacokinetics and toxicity of docetaxel (DTX) and gemcitabine (GEM) bio-conjugates. Conjugates were synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry and characterized by 1H NMR and FTIR. Conjugation of DTX and GEM via linkers showed diverse physiochemical and plasma stability profile. Cellular uptake mechanism in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines revealed clathrin mediated internalization of bio-conjugates developed by using long length linkers, leading to higher cytotoxicity compared with free drug congeners. DTX-PEG3500-GEM and DTX-PEG2000-GEM demonstrated 4.21 and 3.81-fold higher AUC(0-∞) of GEM in comparison with GEM alone. DTX-PEG2000-GEM and DTX-PEG3500-GEM exhibited reduced hepato-, nephro- and haemolytic toxicity as evident via histopathology, biochemical markers and SEM analysis of RBCs. Conclusively, PEG2000 and PEG3500 significantly improved pharmacokinetics without any sign of toxicity and hence can be explored further for the development of dual-drug conjugates for better therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kushwah
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India; James Graham Brown Cancer Centre, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sameer S Katiyar
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Agrawal
- James Graham Brown Cancer Centre, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Isha Saraf
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Inder Pal Singh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Dimitrios A Lamprou
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ramesh C Gupta
- James Graham Brown Cancer Centre, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India.
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Co-delivery of docetaxel and gemcitabine by anacardic acid modified self-assembled albumin nanoparticles for effective breast cancer management. Acta Biomater 2018; 73:424-436. [PMID: 29649635 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we have modified bovine serum albumin (BSA) by covalently conjugating with anacardic acid (AA) and gemcitabine (GEM) and further used for development of docetaxel (DTX) loaded nanoparticles (AA-GEM-BSA NPs). AA is supposed to provide tumor targeting through VEGF receptors overexpressed in tumors, while the combination of GEM and DTX is supposed to provide synergistic activity by targeting multiple pathways. The conjugate was synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry and characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, MALDI-TOF and elemental analysis. Conformational changes owing to conjugation of AA and GEM were estimated via fluorescence, Raman and CD spectroscopy, while changes in physiochemical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA) and contact angle goniometry (CAG). Synthesized conjugate was further transformed into DTX loaded NPs and freeze dried. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) demonstrated formation of spherical NPs having particle size, 163 ± 8 nm, PDI, 0.13 ± 0.09 and ZP, -27 ± 1 mV. Cellular uptake in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 revealed hNTs, OATP1B3 independent, clathrin mediated internalization followed via nuclear co-localization of C-6 loaded AA-GEM-BSA NPs, responsible for significantly higher apoptosis index. Pharmacokinetic profile of DTX loaded AA-GEM-BSA NPs revealed 6.12 and 3.27-fold and 6.28 and 8.9-fold higher AUC and T1/2 values of DTX and GEM as compared to Taxotere® and Gemzar®, respectively. Interestingly, the developed NPs were found safe with no marked effect on RBCs, lower hepato and nephro toxicity. Data in hand suggest promising potential of developed NPs in ameliorating the pharmacokinetic and therapeutic profile of combinatorial regimen of DTX and GEM. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The present report is the original state of art technology to selectively target dual drug (DTX and GEM) loaded BSA NPs via exploring tumor targeting potential of AA, having high affinity towards VEGF receptors (angiogenesis marker) overexpressed in tumor. The AA and GEM bio-conjugated BSA was synthesized and further used to develop DTX loaded nanoparticles (AA-GEM-BSA NPs). The optimized NPs were further evaluated via extensive in vitro and in vivo studies, demonstrating ameliorated cellular uptake, pharmacokinetic and toxicity profile of drugs. Conclusively, DTX loaded AA-GEM-BSA NPs, holds promising potential in increasing the therapeutic efficiency of drugs and overcoming solvent and drug mediated side effects and can be explored further as a scalable platform technology for difficult to deliver drugs.
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Harnett J, Le TQ, Smith L, Krass I. Perceptions, opinions and knowledge of pharmacists towards the use of complementary medicines by people living with cancer. Int J Clin Pharm 2018; 40:1272-1280. [DOI: 10.1007/s11096-018-0645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Jain S, Yadav P, Swami R, Swarnakar NK, Kushwah V, Katiyar SS. Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles of Amphotericin B: Implication of Phytantriol and Glyceryl Monooleate on Bioavailability Enhancement. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018. [PMID: 29532426 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-0986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Implication of different dietary specific lipids such as phytantriol (PT) and glyceryl monooleate (GMO) on enhancing the oral bioavailability of amphotericin B (AmB) was examined. Liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs) were prepared using hydrotrope method, followed by in vitro characterization, Caco-2 cell monolayer uptake, and in vivo pharmacokinetic and toxicity evaluation. Optimized AmB-LCNPs displayed small particle size (< 210 nm) with a narrow distribution (~ 0.2), sustained drug release and high gastrointestinal stability, and reduced hemolytic toxicity. PLCNPs presented slower release, i.e., ~ 80% as compared to ~ 90% release in case of GLCNPs after 120 h. Significantly higher uptake in Caco-2 monolayer substantiated the role of LCNPs in increasing the intestinal permeability followed by increased drug titer in plasma. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated potential of PT in enhancing the bioavailability (approximately sixfold) w.r.t. of its native counterpart with reduced nephrotoxicity as presented by reduced nephrotoxicity biomarkers and histology studies. These studies established usefulness of PLCNPs over GLCNPs and plain drug. It can be concluded that acid-resistant lipid, PT, can be utilized efficiently as an alternate lipid for the preparation of LCNPs to enhance bioavailability and to reduce nephrotoxicity of the drug as compared to other frequently used lipid, i.e., GMO.
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Khurana RK, Jain A, Jain A, Sharma T, Singh B, Kesharwani P. Administration of antioxidants in cancer: debate of the decade. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:763-770. [PMID: 29317341 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several randomized clinical trials have divulged that administration of antioxidants during chemotherapy decreases the effectiveness of treatment. Hence, the characteristic feature of this article is extensive assessment of putative benefits and potential risks of natural and synthetic antioxidant supplementation, administered with chemotherapy, based upon the available preclinical and clinical data. After analyzing mixed results, it was concluded that current FDA guidelines should be followed before supplementing antioxidants during cytotoxic treatment. Nevertheless, contradictory experimental animal models opposing human clinical trials discourage the concurrent administration of antioxidants ostensibly owing to the possibility of tumor protection and reduced survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajneet Kaur Khurana
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ashay Jain
- UGC-Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites (Biomedical Sciences), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Atul Jain
- UGC-Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites (Biomedical Sciences), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Teenu Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; UGC-Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites (Biomedical Sciences), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Dora CP, Kushwah V, Katiyar SS, Kumar P, Pillay V, Suresh S, Jain S. Improved oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of erlotinib through molecular complexation with phospholipid. Int J Pharm 2017; 534:1-13. [PMID: 28970115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The current study was aimed to prepare a molecular complex of erlotinib (ERL) with phospholipid (PC) for enhancement of solubility and thus bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy and reducing the toxicity of erlotinib. Phospholipid complex of drug was prepared by solvent evaporation method and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and 31P NMR), powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which all explained the interactions of two components, validating the complexation phenomenon. In silico study also supported the phase change and molecular interactions for the establishment of ERL-PC. Spherical shaped nanostructures with 183.37±28.61nm size, -19.52±6.94mV potential and 28.59±2.66% loading efficiency were formed following dispersion of ERL-PC in aqueous media. In vitro release study revealed the higher release of ERL-PC due to amorphization and solubilization of drug. Caco-2 cell uptake resulted in ∼2 fold higher uptake of ERL-PC than free drug. In vitro cell culture studies were performed using human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, which demonstrated the higher cytotoxicity and apoptosis in case of ERL-PC. In vivo pharmacokinetics also supported the in vitro observations and showed ∼1.7 fold higher bioavailability with ERL-PC than ERL. Finally, in vivo efficacy and toxicity studies explained the superiority of ERL-PC over the free drug. Based on the results, phospholipid complex appears to be a promising tool to enhance bioavailability, efficacy, cytotoxicity and safety of erlotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chander Parkash Dora
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Varun Kushwah
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Sameer S Katiyar
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Sarasija Suresh
- Institute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research (IDBR), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560068, India; RGV Research & Innovations Pvt. Ltd (RGVRI), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560010, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
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Advances in structural design of lipid-based nanoparticle carriers for delivery of macromolecular drugs, phytochemicals and anti-tumor agents. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 249:331-345. [PMID: 28477868 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present work highlights recent achievements in development of nanostructured dispersions and biocolloids for drug delivery applications. We emphasize the key role of biological small-angle X-ray scattering (BioSAXS) investigations for the nanomedicine design. A focus is given on controlled encapsulation of small molecular weight phytochemical drugs in lipid-based nanocarriers as well as on encapsulation of macromolecular siRNA, plasmid DNA, peptide and protein pharmaceuticals in nanostructured nanoparticles that may provide efficient intracellular delivery and triggered drug release. Selected examples of utilisation of the BioSAXS method for characterization of various types of liquid crystalline nanoorganizations (liposome, spongosome, cubosome, hexosome, and nanostructured lipid carriers) are discussed in view of the successful encapsulation and protection of phytochemicals and therapeutic biomolecules in the hydrophobic or the hydrophilic compartments of the nanocarriers. We conclude that the structural design of the nanoparticulate carriers is of crucial importance for the therapeutic outcome and the triggered drug release from biocolloids.
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20
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Lee JS, Suh JW, Kim ES, Lee HG. Preparation and Characterization of Mucoadhesive Nanoparticles for Enhancing Cellular Uptake of Coenzyme Q10. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:8930-8937. [PMID: 28933847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The mucoadhesive nanoparticles (NPs) for oral delivery of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) were prepared using natural mucoadhesive polysaccharides, chitosan (CS), and dextran sulfate sodium salt (DS) in order to improve the solubility, cellular uptake, and thermo- and photostability of CoQ10. CoQ10-loaded NPs were prepared in the range of 340-450 nm with an entrapment efficiency of 60-98%. The mucoadhesiveness and cellular uptake of NPs were evaluated by measuring the amount of mucin adsorbed on NPs and CoQ10 absorbed in Caco-2 cells, respectively. CS/DS NPs had higher mucoadhesive strength than CS/sodium triphosphate pentabasic NPs (control group). Moreover, the solubility, cellular uptake, thermo- and photostability of CS/DS NPs were significantly improved compared with non-nanoencapsulated free CoQ10. Particularly, CS/DS NPs prepared with 0.5 mg/mL of CS and DS produced the highest mucoadhesiveness, solubility, cellular uptake, and cellular antioxidant activity. Thus, mucoadhesive CS/DS NPs may be an effective oral delivery platform for improving bioavailability of CoQ10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Soo Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University , 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woon Suh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University , 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Suh Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University , 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyu Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University , 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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21
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Dora CP, Kushwah V, Katiyar SS, Kumar P, Pillay V, Suresh S, Jain S. Improved metabolic stability and therapeutic efficacy of a novel molecular gemcitabine phospholipid complex. Int J Pharm 2017; 530:113-127. [PMID: 28739504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present research is to increase lipid solubility, metabolic stability and therapeutic efficacy of water soluble gemcitabine (GEM) via phospholipid complex (PC) formation. A novel phospholipid complex of GEM was successfully prepared and optimized. Physical interaction of GEM with phospholipid was evaluated by DSC, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 31P-NMR and P-XRD. SEM images of GEM-PC showed rough structure and TEM images of diluted aqueous dispersion of GEM-PC showed micellar structure. In silico study also revealed the significant interaction between drug and phospholipid. GEM-PC demonstrated sustained drug release pattern and high plasma stability (∼2.2 fold) in vitro as compared to GEM. Increased in vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis were observed with GEM-PC, when incubated with human pancreas adenocarcinoma cell lines. In vivo pharmacokinetics showed the almost 2 fold increase in AUC0-∞ (area under curve) with phospholipid complex (8983.26ngh/ml) as compared with GEM (4371.18ngh/ml) and GEMITA (4689.29ngh/ml). Toxicity studies signify the safety of GEM-PC over GEMITA. Pharmacodynamics studies in pancreatic tumor model further revealed higher efficacy of GEM-PC than GEMITA. These findings suggested the higher potential of phospholipid based technology for the enhancement of metabolic stability and therapeutic efficacy of GEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chander Parkash Dora
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Varun Kushwah
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Sameer S Katiyar
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Sarasija Suresh
- Institute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research (IDBR), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560068, India; RGV Research & Innovations Pvt. Ltd (RGVRI), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560010, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
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22
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Agrawal AK, Kumar K, Swarnakar NK, Kushwah V, Jain S. “Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles”: Rationally Designed Vehicle To Improve Stability and Therapeutic Efficacy of Insulin Following Oral Administration. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1874-1882. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Agrawal
- Centre for Pharmaceutical
Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab-160062, India
- James Graham
Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Centre for Pharmaceutical
Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Nitin Kumar Swarnakar
- Centre for Pharmaceutical
Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab-160062, India
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91766-1854, United States
| | - Varun Kushwah
- Centre for Pharmaceutical
Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical
Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab-160062, India
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Huang SC, Wu JF, Saovieng S, Chien WH, Hsu MF, Li XF, Lee SD, Huang CY, Huang CY, Kuo CH. Doxorubicin inhibits muscle inflammation after eccentric exercise. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:277-284. [PMID: 27897404 PMCID: PMC5377412 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin, a widely used anti-tumour drug, is known to cause muscle loss in cancer patients. METHODS Following an acute dose of doxorubicin injection (2.5 mg/kg per body weight), we examined macrophage distribution in rat soleus muscle challenged by eccentric exercise (downhill running). Long-term doxorubicin treatment (one injection every 3 days) on muscle mass and survival were also determined. RESULTS Under non-exercised condition, increased tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA and decreased IL-10 mRNA were observed in soleus muscle of doxorubicin-treated rats, compared with saline-treated control rats. However, increases in inflammation score (leukocyte infiltration), nitrotyrosine level, and M1 macrophage (CD68+ ) invasion in exercised soleus muscle were absent in doxorubicin-treated rats, whereas increased M2 macrophage (CD163+ ) localization in exercised muscle was less affected by doxorubicin. Despites coenzyme Q (Q10) supplementation significantly elevated TNF-alpha mRNA, nitrotyrosine, and anti-oxidant gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) levels in non-exercised soleus muscle, these pro-inflammatory responses were also abolished in doxorubicin-treated rats. Results from long-term doxorubicin treatment show a significant muscle loss followed by an accelerated death, which cannot be reversed by Q10 supplementation. CONCLUSIONS (i) Doxorubicin impairs inflammation mechanism by depleting M1 macrophage in exercised skeletal muscle; (ii) Muscle loss and accelerated death during prolonged doxorubicin treatment cannot be reversed by Q10 supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chih Huang
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Fu Wu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suchada Saovieng
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Horng Chien
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fen Hsu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Fei Li
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Translation Research Core, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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24
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Zhai J, Tran N, Sarkar S, Fong C, Mulet X, Drummond CJ. Self-assembled Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Phase Behavior of Monoolein-Capric Acid-Phospholipid Nanoparticulate Systems. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:2571-2580. [PMID: 28191966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report here the lyotropic liquid crystalline phase behavior of two lipid nanoparticulate systems containing mixtures of monoolein, capric acid, and saturated diacyl phosphatidylcholines dispersed by the Pluronic F127 block copolymer. Synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to screen the phase behavior of a library of lipid nanoparticles in a high-throughput manner. It was found that adding capric acid and phosphatidylcholines had opposing effects on the spontaneous membrane curvature of the monoolein lipid layer and hence the internal mesophase of the final nanoparticles. By varying the relative concentration of the three lipid components, we were able to establish a library of nanoparticles with a wide range of mesophases including at least the inverse bicontinuous primitive and double diamond cubic phases, the inverse hexagonal phase, the fluid lamellar phase, and possibly other phases. Furthermore, the in vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that the endogenous phospholipid-containing nanoparticles were less toxic to cultured cell lines compared to monoolein-based counterparts, improving the potential of the nonlamellar lipid nanoparticles for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhai
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Nhiem Tran
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sampa Sarkar
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Celesta Fong
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing , Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Xavier Mulet
- CSIRO Manufacturing , Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Calum J Drummond
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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25
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Rajabalaya R, Musa MN, Kifli N, David SR. Oral and transdermal drug delivery systems: role of lipid-based lyotropic liquid crystals. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:393-406. [PMID: 28243062 PMCID: PMC5315216 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s103505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Liquid crystal (LC) dosage forms, particularly those using lipid-based lyotropic LCs (LLCs), have generated considerable interest as potential drug delivery systems. LCs have the physical properties of liquids but retain some of the structural characteristics of crystalline solids. They are compatible with hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds of many different classes and can protect even biologicals and nucleic acids from degradation. This review, focused on research conducted over the past 5 years, discusses the structural evaluation of LCs and their effects in drug formulations. The structural classification of LLCs into lamellar, hexagonal and micellar cubic phases is described. The structures of these phases are influenced by the addition of surfactants, which include a variety of nontoxic, biodegradable lipids; these also enhance drug solubility. LLC structure influences drug localization, particle size and viscosity, which, in turn, determine drug delivery properties. Through several specific examples, we describe the applications of LLCs in oral and topical drug formulations, the latter including transdermal and ocular delivery. In oral LLC formulations, micelle compositions and the resulting LLC structures can determine drug solubilization and stability as well as intestinal transport and absorption. Similarly, in topical LLC formulations, composition can influence whether the drug is retained in the skin or delivered transdermally. Owing to their enhancement of drug stability and promotion of controlled drug delivery, LLCs are becoming increasingly popular in pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Rajabalaya
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Muhammad Nuh Musa
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Nurolaini Kifli
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Sheba R David
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam
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27
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Chen PY, Hou CW, Shibu MA, Day CH, Pai P, Liu ZR, Lin TY, Viswanadha VP, Kuo CH, Huang CY. Protective effect of Co-enzyme Q10 On doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy of rat hearts. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:679-689. [PMID: 27087047 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Q10 is a powerful antioxidant often used in medical nutritional supplements for cancer treatment. This study determined whether Q10 could effectively prevent cardio-toxicity caused by doxorubicin treatment. Four week old SD rats were segregated into groups namely control, doxorubicin group (challenged with doxorubicin), Dox + Q10 group (with doxorubicin challenge and oral Q10 treatment), and Q10 group (with oral Q10 treatment). Doxorubicin groups received IP doxorubicin (2.5 mg/kg) every 3 days and Q10 groups received Q10 (10 mg/kg) every day. Three weeks of doxorubicin challenge caused significant reduction in heart weight, disarray in cardiomyocyte arrangement, elevation of collagen accumulation, enhancement of fibrosis and cell death associated proteins, and inhibition of survival proteins. However, Q10 effectively protected cardiomyocytes and ameliorated fibrosis and cell death induced by doxorubicin. Q10 is, therefore, evidently a potential drug to prevent heart damage caused by doxorubicin. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 679-689, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Hou
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Peiying Pai
- Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhao-Rong Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Yi Lin
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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28
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Gao J, Chen T, Zhao D, Zheng J, Liu Z. Ginkgolide B Exerts Cardioprotective Properties against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species, Akt and Calcium Signaling Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168219. [PMID: 27973574 PMCID: PMC5156426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ginkgolide B (GB) on doxorubicin (DOX) induced cardiotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Rat cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2 was pretreated with GB and subsequently subjected to doxorubicin treatment. Cell viability and cell apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and Hoechst staining, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Akt phosphorylation and intracellular calcium were equally determined in order to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. To verify the in vivo therapeutic effect of GB, we established a mouse model of cardiotoxicity and determined left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular mass (LVM). The in vitro experimental results indicated that pretreatment with GB significantly decreases the viability and apoptosis of H9c2 cells by decreasing ROS and intracellular calcium levels and activating Akt phosphorylation. In the in vivo study, we recorded an improved LVEF and a decreased LVM in the group of cardiotoxic rats treated with GB. Altogether, our findings anticipate that GB exerts a cardioprotective effect through possible regulation of the ROS, Akt and calcium pathways. The findings suggest that combination of GB with DOX in chemotherapy could help avoid the cardiotoxic side effects of GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deqiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianpu Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongjun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Mustafa HN, El Awdan SA, Hegazy GA, Abdel Jaleel GA. Prophylactic role of coenzyme Q10 and Cynara scolymus L on doxorubicin-induced toxicity in rats: Biochemical and immunohistochemical study. Indian J Pharmacol 2016; 47:649-56. [PMID: 26729958 PMCID: PMC4689020 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.169588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The study aims to evaluate the protective effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and Cynara scolymus L (CS) on doxorubicin (dox)-induced toxicity. Materials and Methods: Sixty male rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 as a control. Group 2 received dox (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Group 3 received CoQ10 (200 mg/kg). Group 4 received CS (500 mg/kg). Group 5 received CoQ10 (200 mg/kg) and dox (10 mg/kg). Group 6 received CS (500 mg/kg) and dox (10 mg/kg). The rats were then evaluated biochemically and immunohistochemically. Results: Dox produced a significant deterioration of hepatic and renal functional parameters. Moreover, an upsurge of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress markers. The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was increased and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was decreased. Administration of CoQ10 and CS resulted in a significant improvement of hepatic and renal functional parameters, and an improvement of both α-SMA and PCNA. Conclusion: It is concluded that pretreatment with CoQ10 and CS is associated with up-regulation of favorable protective enzymes and down-regulation of oxidative stress. That can be advised as a supplement to dox-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham N Mustafa
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sally A El Awdan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehan A Hegazy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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Tripathi S, Kushwah V, Thanki K, Jain S. Triple antioxidant SNEDDS formulation with enhanced oral bioavailability: Implication of chemoprevention of breast cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1431-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ma H, Liu Y, Shi M, Shao X, Zhong W, Liao W, Xing MMQ. Theranostic, pH-Responsive, Doxorubicin-Loaded Nanoparticles Inducing Active Targeting and Apoptosis for Advanced Gastric Cancer. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:4022-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanrong Ma
- Department
of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Min Shi
- Department
of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xuebing Shao
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department
of Biosystem Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department
of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Malcolm M. Q. Xing
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
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Du J, Li X, Zhao H, Zhou Y, Wang L, Tian S, Wang Y. Nanosuspensions of poorly water-soluble drugs prepared by bottom-up technologies. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:738-49. [PMID: 26383838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, nanosuspension has been considered effective in the delivery of water-soluble drugs. One of the main challenges to effective drug delivery is designing an appropriate nanosuspension preparation approach with low energy input and erosion contamination, such as the bottom-up method. This review focuses on bottom-up technologies for preparation of nanosuspensions. The features and advantages of drug nanosuspension, including bottom-up methods as well as the corresponding characterization techniques, solidification methods, and drug delivery dosage forms, are discussed in detail. Certain limitations of commercial nanosuspension products are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Hospital, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, PR China
| | - Huanxin Zhao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lulu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Shushu Tian
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yancai Wang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, PR China
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33
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Pluronic-based functional polymeric mixed micelles for co-delivery of doxorubicin and paclitaxel to multidrug resistant tumor. Int J Pharm 2015; 488:44-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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34
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Phytantriol Based “Stealth” Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles for Improved Antitumor Efficacy and Reduced Toxicity of Docetaxel. Pharm Res 2015; 32:3282-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Cao H, Wang Y, He X, Zhang Z, Yin Q, Chen Y, Yu H, Huang Y, Chen L, Xu M, Gu W, Li Y. Codelivery of sorafenib and curcumin by directed self-assembled nanoparticles enhances therapeutic effect on hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:922-31. [PMID: 25622075 DOI: 10.1021/mp500755j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Herein, we first reported the codelivery of sorafenib and curcumin by directed self-assembled nanoparticles (SCN) to enhance the therapeutic effect on HCC. SCN was formed by employing the hydrophobic interactions among the lipophilic structure in sorafenib, curcumin, and similar hydrophobic segments of polyethylene glycol derivative of vitamin E succinate (PEG-VES), which comprised uniform spherical particles with particle size of 84.97 ± 6.03 nm. SCN presented superior effects over sorafenib, curcumin, and their physical mixture (Sora + Cur) on enhancing in vitro cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis in BEL-7402 cells and Hep G2 cells, and antiangiogenesis activities in tube formation and microvessel formation from aortic rings. Moreover, the tissue concentration of sorafenib and curcumin in gastrointestinal tract and major organs were significantly improved after their coassembly into SCN. In particular, in BEL-7402 cells induced tumor xenograft, SCN treatment displayed the obviously enhanced inhibitory effect on tumor progression over free drug monotherapy or their physical mixture, with significantly increased antiproliferation and antiangiogenesis capability. Thereby, the codelivered nanoassemblies of sorafenib and curcumin provided a promising strategy to enhance the combinational therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, China
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Chen Y, Angelova A, Angelov B, Drechsler M, Garamus VM, Willumeit-Römer R, Zou A. Sterically stabilized spongosomes for multidrug delivery of anticancer nanomedicines. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:7734-7744. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01193k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
SAXS patterns of drug-loaded lipid nanocarriers stabilized by polysorbate P80 (left); cryo-TEM image of BAI-BJO-spongosomes-2 (right).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyin Chen
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Angelina Angelova
- CNRS UMR8612 Institut Galien Paris-Sud
- Univ Paris Sud
- LabEx LERMIT
- Châtenay-Malabry
- F-92296 France
| | - Borislav Angelov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 16206 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Markus Drechsler
- Laboratory for Soft Matter Electron Microscopy
- Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF)
- University of Bayreuth
- D-95440 Bayreuth
- Germany
| | - Vasil M. Garamus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht
- Centre for Materials and Coastal Research
- D-21502 Geesthacht
- Germany
| | - Regine Willumeit-Römer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht
- Centre for Materials and Coastal Research
- D-21502 Geesthacht
- Germany
| | - Aihua Zou
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
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